EP1370524A1 - Method for the hydrolytic cyclisation of an aminonitrile compound to give a lactam - Google Patents
Method for the hydrolytic cyclisation of an aminonitrile compound to give a lactamInfo
- Publication number
- EP1370524A1 EP1370524A1 EP02753580A EP02753580A EP1370524A1 EP 1370524 A1 EP1370524 A1 EP 1370524A1 EP 02753580 A EP02753580 A EP 02753580A EP 02753580 A EP02753580 A EP 02753580A EP 1370524 A1 EP1370524 A1 EP 1370524A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- aminonitrile
- clay
- catalyst
- lactam
- cyclizing hydrolysis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- -1 aminonitrile compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000005219 aminonitrile group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical class OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- FHKPTEOFUHYQFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminohexanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCC(N)C#N FHKPTEOFUHYQFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KBMSFJFLSXLIDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-aminohexanenitrile Chemical compound NCCCCCC#N KBMSFJFLSXLIDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003361 porogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GAVGQLYTJJGLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-methylpentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCC(C)(N)C#N GAVGQLYTJJGLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;aluminum;dioxido(oxo)silane;sodium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na].[Al].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AILKHAQXUAOOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCC#N AILKHAQXUAOOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-O oxonium Chemical compound [OH3+] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003822 preparative gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052903 pyrophyllite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D201/00—Preparation, separation, purification or stabilisation of unsubstituted lactams
- C07D201/02—Preparation of lactams
- C07D201/08—Preparation of lactams from carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. hydroxy carboxylic acids, lactones or nitriles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the cyclizing hydrolysis of an aminonitrile compound into lactam in the presence of a catalyst.
- It relates more particularly to a process for the cyclizing hydrolysis of an aminonitrile compound into lactam in the presence of a solid catalyst of the clay type.
- Lactams such as epsilon-caprolactam
- one of the processes is the cyclizing hydrolysis of the corresponding aminonitrile , and more particularly of a corresponding aliphatic aminonitrile, in the presence of water and a catalyst.
- US Pat. No. 2,357,484 describes a process for the preparation in the vapor phase of lactam, with activated alumina, silica in the form of gel or borophosphoric acid as catalyst.
- US Patent 4,628,085 also describes a process for preparing lactams by cyclizing hydrolysis in the vapor phase in the presence of a silica-based catalyst, with a specific surface area greater than 250 m 2 / g. This reaction is carried out in the presence of hydrogen and ammonia.
- Application WO 98/0669 proposes catalysts based on metal oxides, hydrated or not, the metals being selected from the group comprising tin, zirconium, hafnium, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum or their mixtures.
- the cycle time of these catalysts is very short and incompatible with industrial exploitation of the lactam manufacturing process.
- Application WO96 / 22974 proposes a process for the cyclizing hydrolysis of aminonitrile in the vapor phase using as an catalyst an alumina having specific surface areas and determined pore volume.
- Metallic phosphates and zeolites are also known catalysts for the reaction for preparing lactams by cyclizing hydrolysis.
- the catalysts used in the processes of the prior art exhibit good initial activity and make it possible to obtain good selectivity for the reaction for converting aminonitrile into lactam.
- the subject of the invention is a process for the cyclizing hydrolysis of an aminonitrile compound into lactam by reaction of an aminonitrile of general formula (I) below: N ⁇ C - R - NH 2 (I) in which :
- R represents an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, arylaliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted radical comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, with water, in the presence of a solid catalyst, characterized in that the catalyst is a clay.
- Clays are phyllosilicates which are classified by groups according to their nature and their physicochemical properties, groups among which we can cite kaolins, serpentines, smectites or montmorillonites, illites or micas, glauconites, chlorites or vermiculites, attapulgites or sepiolite, mixed-layer clays, allophanes or imogolites and clays with a high alumina content.
- Certain clays have a lamellar structure with an expandable network. They have the particularity of adsorbing various solvents, in particular water, between the sheets which compose them, which causes swelling of the solid as a result of the weakening of the electrostatic connections between the sheets. These clays essentially belong to the group of smectites (or group of montmorillonite) and for some of them to the group of vermiculites.
- Their structure is composed of “elementary” sheets with three layers: two simple layers of SiO 4 tetrahedra in which part of the silicon can be replaced by other cations in tetrahedral position such as Al 3+ or possibly Fe 3+ , and between these two layers of tetrahedra, a layer of oxygen octahedra at the center of which are metal cations such as Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , Mg 2+ .
- This octahedral layer consists of a compact stack of oxygen either from the vertices of the preceding tetrahedra or from OH hydroxyl groups.
- the compact hexagonal network of these oxygen contains 6 octahedral cavities.
- the layer When the metal cations occupy 4 of these cavities (2 cavities out of 3 as in the case of aluminum for example), the layer is said to be dioctahedral; when they occupy all the cavities (3 cavities out of 3 as in the case of magnesium for example), the layer is said to be trioctahedral.
- the elementary sheets of these clays carry negative charges which are compensated for by the presence of exchangeable, alkaline cations such as Li + , Na + , K + , alkaline earths such as Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and possibly the hydronium ion H 3 O + .
- the smectites have charge densities on the sheets lower than those of clays of the vermiculite type: approximately 0.66 charge per elementary mesh against 1 to 1.4 charge per elementary mesh for the vermiculites.
- the compensating cations are essentially sodium and calcium in smectites, magnesium and calcium in vermiculites. From the point of view of charge densities, smectites and vermiculites are intermediate between talc and pyrophyllite on the one hand, whose sheets are neutral and micas on the other hand, characterized by a high charge density on the sheets (approximately 2 per elementary mesh) generally compensated by K + ions.
- interfoliar cations of smectites and vermiculites can be fairly easily replaced by ion exchange by other cations such as, for example, ammonium ions or ions of alkaline earth metals or rare earth metals.
- the swelling properties of clays depend on various factors including the charge density and the nature of the compensating cation.
- smectites whose charge density is lower than that of vermiculites have swelling properties clearly superior to those of the latter, and therefore constitute a very interesting class of solids.
- the repetitive distance or basal spacing represents the shortest distance separating two crystallographically identical patterns located in two adjacent sheets.
- the basic spacing of the smectites can thus reach, by swelling, values ranging from about 1 nm to more than 2 nm.
- the interfoliar spacing (between two sheets) is maximum. It can reach a value close to 1 nm.
- the clay which constitutes the catalyst for cyclizing hydrolysis of aminonitrile into lactam is a smectite. More preferably, the clay is montmorillonite. Some clays unfortunately have the drawback of losing their expanded character by heating to 100 ° C. and therefore of not preserving the increase in specific surface resulting from their expansion. This is particularly the case for smectites.
- a method consisting in introducing bridges constituted by oligomers of a hydroxide of a metal, in particular aluminum hydroxide, has been described by LAHAV, SHAMI and SHABTAI in Clays and Clays Ore, vol. 26 (n ° 2 ), p. 107-115 (1978) and in French patent 2,394,324.
- the formation of bridges consisting of oligomers of mixed hydroxides of silicon and boron is described in US Pat. No. 4,248,739.
- a technique for bridging smectites, by dialysis, using aluminum hydroxides, chromium, zirconium and titanium, etc. is claimed in patent EP 0.073.718.
- These methods consist in principle of bringing the clay into contact with a solution containing more or less oligomerized ionic species of the hydroxyaluminic type (in the case of aluminum). This operation is generally carried out in a slightly concentrated solution, at a temperature below 80 ° C. and if possible in the absence of cloudiness consisting of the start of precipitation of the metal hydroxide.
- concentrations of metal ion and clay must be optimized so that sufficient solid pillars are formed and the porosity of the clay is not greatly reduced by the insertion of too much metal oxide.
- the bridged smectites acquire a strong acidity although globally lower than those of conventional zeolites of type Y or mordenite for example.
- the clay used as catalyst for the cyclizing hydrolysis of aminonitrile into lactam is bridged.
- the catalyst can comprise, in addition to a clay, one or more other metallic compounds, often called dopants, such as for example chromium, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, zinc.
- dopants such as for example chromium, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, zinc.
- the chromium and / or iron and / or titanium compounds are considered to be the most advantageous.
- These dopants usually represent, by weight per weight of clay, from 0% to 10% and preferably from 0% to 5%.
- metal compound means both the metal element and the metal ion or any combination comprising the metal element.
- the clay according to the invention can be calcined, according to a technique known to those skilled in the art.
- the catalyst is used in the form of balls, crushed, extruded in the form of cylindrical granules or of hollow or full multilobed form or of honeycombs, pellets.
- the shaping can optionally be carried out using a binder. It can first of all be clay beads obtained from oil-drop shaping
- This type of beads can for example be prepared by a process similar to that described for the formation of alumina beads in patents EP-A-0 015 801 or EP-A-0 097 539.
- the control of the porosity can be produced in particular, according to the method described in patent EP-A-0 097 539, by coagulation in drops of a suspension, of an aqueous dispersion of clay.
- the balls can also be obtained by the agglomeration process in a bezel or rotating drum.
- extruded clay can also be extruded clay. These can be obtained by mixing, then extruding a clay-based material.
- the porosity of these extrusions can be controlled by the choice of clay used and by the conditions of preparation of this clay or by the conditions of kneading of this clay before extrusion.
- the clay can thus be mixed during mixing with porogens.
- the extrusions can be prepared by the process described in US Pat. No. 3,856,708.
- beads with controlled porosity can be obtained by addition of porogen and agglomeration in a rotating bowl or a beverage pan or by 'Oil-drop' process.
- the cyclizing hydrolysis reaction can be carried out with a minimum of side reactions, with good selectivity of the lactam process and therefore the purity of the crude product obtained.
- the aminonitriles which can be cyclized by the process of the invention are advantageously aliphatic ⁇ -aminonitriles such as ⁇ -aminovaleronitrile, ⁇ -aminocapronitrile, ⁇ -aminooctanitrile, ⁇ -aminononanitrile, ⁇ -aminodecanitrile, ⁇ -aminodecanonitrile, ⁇ -aminododecanonitrile, methyl-aminovaleronitrile.
- the preferred and most important compound is amino-6 capronitrile which leads to ⁇ -caprolactam.
- the latter compound is the polyamide 6 monomer used for the manufacture of various articles such as moldings, threads, fibers, filaments, cables or films.
- the ⁇ -caprolactam produced by the cyclizing hydrolysis reaction is advantageously purified by the various known purification methods, such as distillation, crystallization in a solvent medium or in the molten phase, treatment on resin, treatment with an oxidant and / or hydrogenation. These different stages can be partially or totally combined in different orders and according to the degree of purity of the ⁇ -caprolactam produced.
- the cyclizing hydrolysis reaction requires the presence of water.
- the molar ratio between the water and the aminonitrile used is usually between 0.5 and 50 and preferably between 1 and 20. The higher value of this ratio is not critical for the invention, but higher ratios have little interest in economic matters.
- the cyclizing hydrolysis reaction is carried out in the vapor phase.
- the reactants are maintained in the vapor state in the reactor loaded with a determined quantity of catalyst.
- the aminonitrile and the water can be used in the form of their mixtures in the vapor state or can be introduced separately into the reactor.
- the reagents can be pre-evaporated, which then circulate in a mixing chamber.
- the cyclizing hydrolysis reaction is carried out in the liquid phase.
- the aminonitrile and water reagents are used in the liquid state under pressure, optionally in the presence of a solvent.
- the free volume of the reactor can be occupied by an inert solid such as, for example, quartz, in order to promote the vaporization and the dispersion of the reactants.
- an inert solid such as, for example, quartz
- any inert gas can be used without disadvantage as a carrier, such as nitrogen, helium or argon.
- the temperature at which the vapor phase process is carried out is advantageously sufficient for the reactants to be in the vapor state. It is generally between 200 ° C and 450 ° C and preferably between 250 ° C and 400 ° C.
- reaction is carried out under pressure.
- the contact time between the aminonitrile and the catalyst is not critical. It can vary depending on the equipment used in particular. This contact time is preferably between 0.5 and 200 seconds and even more preferably between 1 and 100 seconds.
- Pressure is not a critical process parameter.
- the method will be implemented under a pressure of 0.1 to 20 bar.
- this pressure is advantageously between 10 " 3 bar and 3 bar.
- an inert solvent under the reaction conditions such as for example an alkane, a cycloalkane, an aromatic hydrocarbon or one of these preceding halogenated hydrocarbons, and thus to have a liquid phase in the reaction flow.
- the reactor thus charged is heated to 300 ° C. under a stream of nitrogen (with a flow rate of 5.2 liters / hour) for 2 hours.
- a mixture of 6-amino-capronitrile (ACN) and water (water / ACN molar ratio of 4.1) is then injected using a pump.
- the speed of injection of the mixture is 4.34 ml / h.
- the vapors are condensed in a glass trap at room temperature over a period of 2 hours: the reaction product is thus recovered in two successive sections of 1 hour.
- the final reaction mixture (the second fraction taken) is assayed by vapor phase chromatography in particular to determine the concentration of caprolactam.
- the transformation rate (TT) of aminocapronitrile, the selectivity is determined
- RT in caprolactam (CPL) relative to the transformed aminocapronitrile
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for the hydrolytic cyclisation of an aminonitrile compound to give a lactam in the presence of a catalyst, in particular a method for the hydrolytic cyclisation of an aminonitrile compound in the presence of a solid catalyst of a clay type. The invention relates in particular to the preparation of ε-caprolactam by hydrolytic cyclisation of the aminocapronitrile.
Description
PROCEDE DΗYDROLYSE CYCLISANTE D'UN COMPOSE AMINONITRILE EN PROCESS FOR THE CYCLISTING HYDROLYSIS OF AN AMINONITRILE COMPOUND IN
LACTAMELACTAM
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé d'hydrolyse cyclisante d'un composé aminonitrile en lactame en présence d'un catalyseur.The present invention relates to a process for the cyclizing hydrolysis of an aminonitrile compound into lactam in the presence of a catalyst.
Elle se rapporte plus particulièrement à un procédé d'hydrolyse cyclisante d'un composé aminonitrile en lactame en présence d'un catalyseur solide de type argile.It relates more particularly to a process for the cyclizing hydrolysis of an aminonitrile compound into lactam in the presence of a solid catalyst of the clay type.
Les lactames, tels l'epsilon-caprolactame, sont des composés de base pour la fabrication de polyamides et notamment de PA 6. Parmi les différents procédés connus de synthèse de ces lactames, un des procédés est l'hydrolyse cyclisante de l'aminonitrile correspondant, et plus particulièrement d'un aminonitrile aliphatique correspondant, en présence d'eau et d'un catalyseur.Lactams, such as epsilon-caprolactam, are basic compounds for the manufacture of polyamides and in particular of PA 6. Among the various known processes for the synthesis of these lactams, one of the processes is the cyclizing hydrolysis of the corresponding aminonitrile , and more particularly of a corresponding aliphatic aminonitrile, in the presence of water and a catalyst.
Ainsi, le brevet US 2,357,484 décrit un procédé de préparation en phase vapeur de lactame, avec comme catalyseur de l'alumine activée, de la silice sous forme de gel ou de l'acide borophosphorique.Thus, US Pat. No. 2,357,484 describes a process for the preparation in the vapor phase of lactam, with activated alumina, silica in the form of gel or borophosphoric acid as catalyst.
Le brevet US 4,628,085 décrit également un procédé de préparation de lactames par hydrolyse cyclisante en phase vapeur en présence d'un catalyseur à base de silice, de surface spécifique supérieure à 250 m2/g. Cette réaction est réalisée en présence d'hydrogène et d'ammoniac.US Patent 4,628,085 also describes a process for preparing lactams by cyclizing hydrolysis in the vapor phase in the presence of a silica-based catalyst, with a specific surface area greater than 250 m 2 / g. This reaction is carried out in the presence of hydrogen and ammonia.
La demande WO 98/0669 propose des catalyseurs à base d'oxydes métalliques hydratés ou non, les métaux étant choisis dans le groupe comprenant l'étain, le zirconium, l'hafnium, le bismuth, le vanadium, le niobium, le tantale ou leurs mélanges. La durée de cycle de ces catalyseurs est très courte et incompatible avec une exploitation industrielle du procédé de fabrication de lactame.Application WO 98/0669 proposes catalysts based on metal oxides, hydrated or not, the metals being selected from the group comprising tin, zirconium, hafnium, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum or their mixtures. The cycle time of these catalysts is very short and incompatible with industrial exploitation of the lactam manufacturing process.
La demande WO96/22974 propose un procédé d'hydrolyse cyclisante d'aminonitrile en phase vapeur utilisant comme catalyseur une alumine présentant des domaines de surface spécifique et de volume poreux déterminés.Application WO96 / 22974 proposes a process for the cyclizing hydrolysis of aminonitrile in the vapor phase using as an catalyst an alumina having specific surface areas and determined pore volume.
Les phosphates métalliques et les zéolithes sont également des catalyseurs connus de la réaction de préparation de lactames par hydrolyse cyclisante.Metallic phosphates and zeolites are also known catalysts for the reaction for preparing lactams by cyclizing hydrolysis.
En général, les catalyseurs utilisés dans les procédés de l'art antérieur présentent une bonne activité initiale et permettent d'obtenir une bonne sélectivité de la réaction de transformation d'aminonitrile en lactame. Par contre, il s'avère souvent que leur desactivation est rapide, ce qui constitue un très gros handicap pour une mise en oeuvre industrielle desdits procédés.In general, the catalysts used in the processes of the prior art exhibit good initial activity and make it possible to obtain good selectivity for the reaction for converting aminonitrile into lactam. On the other hand, it often turns out that their deactivation is rapid, which constitutes a very big handicap for an industrial implementation of said processes.
En outre, le procédé selon US 4 628 085 met en oeuvre un mélange réactionnel très complexe, nécessitant en fin de réaction des opérations de séparation et des recyclages qui compliquent beaucoup ledit procédé.
Il est intéressant, lors du choix d'un catalyseur adéquat de l'hydrolyse cyclisante d'un aminonitrile en lactame, d'avoir le meilleur compromis possible entre le coût, l'activité et la sélectivité du catalyseur, sa durée de vie, la simplicité de sa mise en œuvre etc. La présente invention propose de nouveaux catalyseurs de type argile qui répondent de manière satisfaisante aux différents critères cités précédemment.In addition, the process according to US 4,628,085 uses a very complex reaction mixture, requiring separation and recycling operations at the end of the reaction, which greatly complicate said process. It is advantageous, when choosing an adequate catalyst for the cyclizing hydrolysis of an aminonitrile into lactam, to have the best possible compromise between the cost, the activity and the selectivity of the catalyst, its lifetime, the simplicity of its implementation etc. The present invention provides new clay type catalysts which satisfactorily meet the various criteria mentioned above.
Dans ce but, l'objet de l'invention est un procédé d'hydrolyse cyclisante d'un composé aminonitrile en lactame par réaction d'un aminonitrile de formule générale (I) suivante : N ≡ C - R - NH2 (I) dans laquelle :To this end, the subject of the invention is a process for the cyclizing hydrolysis of an aminonitrile compound into lactam by reaction of an aminonitrile of general formula (I) below: N ≡ C - R - NH 2 (I) in which :
R représente un radical aliphatique, cycloaliphatique, arylaliphatique, saturé ou insaturé, linéaire ou ramifié, substitué ou non comprenant de 1 à 12 atomes de carbone, avec de l'eau, en présence d'un catalyseur solide, caractérisé en ce que le catalyseur est une argile.R represents an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, arylaliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted radical comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, with water, in the presence of a solid catalyst, characterized in that the catalyst is a clay.
Les argiles sont des phyllosilicates qui sont classés par groupes selon leur nature et leurs propriétés physico-chimiques, groupes parmi lesquels on peut citer les kaolins, les serpentines, les smectites ou montmorillonites, les illites ou micas, les glauconites, les chlorites ou vermiculites, les attapulgites ou sépiolites, les argiles à couches mixtes, les allophanes ou imogolites et les argiles à haute teneur en alumine.Clays are phyllosilicates which are classified by groups according to their nature and their physicochemical properties, groups among which we can cite kaolins, serpentines, smectites or montmorillonites, illites or micas, glauconites, chlorites or vermiculites, attapulgites or sepiolite, mixed-layer clays, allophanes or imogolites and clays with a high alumina content.
Certaines argiles possèdent une structure lamellaire à réseau expansible. Elles présentent la particularité d'adsorber divers solvants, notamment l'eau, entre les feuillets qui les composent, ce qui provoque un gonflement du solide par suite de l'affaiblissement des liaisons électrostatiques entre les feuillets. Ces argiles appartiennent essentiellement au groupe des smectites (ou encore groupe de la montmorillonite) et pour certaines d'entre elles au groupe des vermiculites.Certain clays have a lamellar structure with an expandable network. They have the particularity of adsorbing various solvents, in particular water, between the sheets which compose them, which causes swelling of the solid as a result of the weakening of the electrostatic connections between the sheets. These clays essentially belong to the group of smectites (or group of montmorillonite) and for some of them to the group of vermiculites.
Leur structure est composée de feuillets « élémentaires » à trois couches : deux couches simples de tétraèdres SiO4 dans lesquelles une partie du silicium peut être remplacée par d'autres cations en position tétraédrique tels que Al3+ ou éventuellement Fe3+, et entre ces deux couches de tétraèdres, une couche d'octaèdres d'oxygènes au centre desquels se situent des cations métalliques tels que Al3+, Fe3+, Mg2+. Cette couche octaédrique est constituée d'un empilement compact d'oxygènes provenant soit des sommets des tétraèdres précédents soit de groupes hydroxyles OH. Le réseau hexagonal compact de ces oxygènes contient 6 cavités octaédriques. Lorsque les cations métalliques occupent 4 de ces cavités (2 cavités sur 3 comme dans le cas de l'aluminium par exemple), la couche est dite dioctaédrique; lorsqu'ils occupent toutes les cavités (3 cavités sur 3 comme dans le cas du magnésium par exemple), la couche est dite trioctaédrique.
Les feuillets élémentaires de ces argiles sont porteurs de charges négatives qui sont compensées par la présence de cations échangeables, alcalins tels que Li+, Na+,K+, alcalino-terreux tels que Mg2+, Ca2+, et éventuellement l'ion hydronium H3O+. Les smectites ont des densités de charge sur les feuillets inférieures à celles des argiles du type vermiculites : environ 0,66 charge par maille élémentaire contre 1 à 1 ,4 charge par maille élémentaire pour les vermiculites.Their structure is composed of “elementary” sheets with three layers: two simple layers of SiO 4 tetrahedra in which part of the silicon can be replaced by other cations in tetrahedral position such as Al 3+ or possibly Fe 3+ , and between these two layers of tetrahedra, a layer of oxygen octahedra at the center of which are metal cations such as Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , Mg 2+ . This octahedral layer consists of a compact stack of oxygen either from the vertices of the preceding tetrahedra or from OH hydroxyl groups. The compact hexagonal network of these oxygen contains 6 octahedral cavities. When the metal cations occupy 4 of these cavities (2 cavities out of 3 as in the case of aluminum for example), the layer is said to be dioctahedral; when they occupy all the cavities (3 cavities out of 3 as in the case of magnesium for example), the layer is said to be trioctahedral. The elementary sheets of these clays carry negative charges which are compensated for by the presence of exchangeable, alkaline cations such as Li + , Na + , K + , alkaline earths such as Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and possibly the hydronium ion H 3 O + . The smectites have charge densities on the sheets lower than those of clays of the vermiculite type: approximately 0.66 charge per elementary mesh against 1 to 1.4 charge per elementary mesh for the vermiculites.
Les cations de compensation sont essentiellement le sodium et le calcium dans les smectites, le magnésium et le calcium dans les vermiculites. Du point de vue des densités de charges, smectites et vermiculites sont intermédiaires entre le talc et la pyrophyllite d'une part, dont les feuillets sont neutres et les micas d'autre part, caractérisés par une densité de charges importante sur les feuillets (environ 2 par maille élémentaire) compensée généralement par des ions K+.The compensating cations are essentially sodium and calcium in smectites, magnesium and calcium in vermiculites. From the point of view of charge densities, smectites and vermiculites are intermediate between talc and pyrophyllite on the one hand, whose sheets are neutral and micas on the other hand, characterized by a high charge density on the sheets (approximately 2 per elementary mesh) generally compensated by K + ions.
Les cations interfoliaires des smectites et des vermiculites peuvent être assez facilement remplacés par échange ionique par d'autres cations tels, par exemple, des ions ammonium ou des ions de métaux alcalino-terreux ou de métaux de terres rares.The interfoliar cations of smectites and vermiculites can be fairly easily replaced by ion exchange by other cations such as, for example, ammonium ions or ions of alkaline earth metals or rare earth metals.
Les propriétés de gonflement des argiles dépendent de divers facteurs dont la densité de charge et la nature du cation de compensation.The swelling properties of clays depend on various factors including the charge density and the nature of the compensating cation.
Ainsi les smectites dont la densité de charge est plus faible que celle des vermiculites présentent des propriétés gonflantes nettement supérieures à celles de ces dernières, et constituent donc une classe très intéressante de solides. La distance répétitive ou espacement basai représente la distance la plus courte séparant deux motifs cristallographiquement identiques situés dans deux feuillets adjacents. L'espacement basai des smectites peut ainsi atteindre par gonflement des valeurs allant de 1 nm environ à plus de 2 nm. Parmi les silicates phylliteux « gonflants » du type smectites, on peut citer les principaux solides suivants de formule générale : (Mn*/n (M2)2 v M3)4 lv O10 (OH)2 où M-i est le cation interfoliaire M2 est le métal en position octaédrique M3 est le métal en position tétraédrique x est le nombre de charges apportées par le cation M-, Les smectites dioctaédriques montmorillonite (H, Na , Ca1/2)x (MgxAI2.x)vl Si4 ιv O10 (OH)2 beidellite (H, Na , Ca1/2)x AI2 I (AlxSi4.x)lv O10 (OH)2 nontrolite (H, Na , Ca1/2... )x (Fe, AI)2 VI (AlxSi4.x)lv O10 (OH)2 Thus, smectites whose charge density is lower than that of vermiculites have swelling properties clearly superior to those of the latter, and therefore constitute a very interesting class of solids. The repetitive distance or basal spacing represents the shortest distance separating two crystallographically identical patterns located in two adjacent sheets. The basic spacing of the smectites can thus reach, by swelling, values ranging from about 1 nm to more than 2 nm. Among the “swelling” phyllitous silicates of the smectite type, the following main solids of general formula may be mentioned: (Mn * / n (M 2 ) 2 v M 3 ) 4 lv O 10 (OH) 2 where Mi is the interfoliar cation M 2 is the metal in the octahedral position M 3 is the metal in the tetrahedral position x is the number of charges provided by the cation M-, The dioctahedral smectites montmorillonite (H, Na, Ca 1/2 ) x (Mg x AI 2 . x ) vl Si 4 ιv O 10 (OH) 2 beidellite (H, Na, Ca 1/2 ) x AI 2 I (Al x Si 4. x ) lv O 10 (OH) 2 nontrolite (H, Na, Ca 1 / 2 ...) x (Fe, AI) 2 VI (Al x Si 4. X ) lv O 10 (OH) 2
Les smectites trioctaédriques hectorite Nax (LixMg3.x)vl Si4 ιv O10 (OH)2 saponite Nax Mg3 vι (AlxSi4.x)lv O10 (OH)2
stevensite Na2x Mg3.x vl Si4 ιv O10 (OH)2 Trioctahedral smectorites hectorite Na x (Li x Mg 3. X ) vl Si 4 ιv O 10 (OH) 2 saponite Na x Mg 3 vι (Al x Si 4. X ) lv O 10 (OH) 2 stevensite Na 2x Mg 3 . x vl Si 4 ιv O 10 (OH) 2
Après adsorption à saturation d'eau ou d'un solvant polaire organique dans une smectite, l'espacement interfoliaire (entre deux feuillets) est maximal. Il peut atteindre une valeur voisine de 1 nm. Ces solides sont donc potentiellement intéressants en catalyse car leur surface spécifique et leur acidité potentielles sont élevées.After adsorption to saturation of water or an organic polar solvent in a smectite, the interfoliar spacing (between two sheets) is maximum. It can reach a value close to 1 nm. These solids are therefore potentially of interest in catalysis because their specific surface area and their potential acidity are high.
Selon un mode préférentiel de l'invention, l'argile qui constitue le catalyseur d'hydrolyse cyclisante de l'aminonitrile en lactame est une smectite. Plus préférentiellement l'argile est la montmorillonite. Certaines argiles ont malheureusement l'inconvénient de perdre leur caractère expansé par chauffage à 100°C et de ce fait de ne pas conserver l'augmentation de surface spécifique résultant de leur expansion. C'est le cas notamment des smectites.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the clay which constitutes the catalyst for cyclizing hydrolysis of aminonitrile into lactam is a smectite. More preferably, the clay is montmorillonite. Some clays unfortunately have the drawback of losing their expanded character by heating to 100 ° C. and therefore of not preserving the increase in specific surface resulting from their expansion. This is particularly the case for smectites.
Différentes méthodes ont été décrites dans l'art antérieur pour introduire entre les feuillets des smectites des piliers ou ponts pour obtenir des smectites pontées qui conservent un espacement interfoliaire élevé après avoir été soumises à un traitement thermique.Various methods have been described in the prior art for introducing between the sheets smectites from the pillars or bridges to obtain bridged smectites which retain a high interfoliar spacing after being subjected to a heat treatment.
Une méthode consistant à introduire des ponts constitués par des oligomères d'un hydroxyde d'un métal, notamment d'hydroxyde d'aluminium, a été décrite par LAHAV, SHAMI et SHABTAI dans Clays and Clays Minerai, vol.26 (n°2), p. 107-115 (1978) et dans le brevet français 2.394.324. La formation de ponts constitués d'oligomères d'hydroxydes mixtes de silicium et de bore, est décrite dans le brevet US 4.248.739. Une technique de pontage des smectites, par dialyse, à l'aide d'hydroxydes d'aluminium, de chrome, de zirconium et titane etc...est revendiquée dans le brevet EP 0.073.718. Ces méthodes consistent dans leur principe à mettre l'argile au contact d'une solution contenant des espèces ioniques plus ou moins oligomérisées du type hydroxy- aluminique (dans le cas de l'aluminium). Cette opération est réalisée généralement en solution peu concentrée, à température inférieure à 80°C et si possible en l'absence de trouble constitué par un début de précipitation de l'hydroxyde métallique. Les concentrations de l'ion métallique et de l'argile doivent être optimisées pour qu'il y ait formation de suffisamment de piliers solides et que la porosité de l'argile ne soit pas fortement diminuée par l'insertion d'une trop grande quantité d'oxyde métallique.A method consisting in introducing bridges constituted by oligomers of a hydroxide of a metal, in particular aluminum hydroxide, has been described by LAHAV, SHAMI and SHABTAI in Clays and Clays Ore, vol. 26 (n ° 2 ), p. 107-115 (1978) and in French patent 2,394,324. The formation of bridges consisting of oligomers of mixed hydroxides of silicon and boron is described in US Pat. No. 4,248,739. A technique for bridging smectites, by dialysis, using aluminum hydroxides, chromium, zirconium and titanium, etc. is claimed in patent EP 0.073.718. These methods consist in principle of bringing the clay into contact with a solution containing more or less oligomerized ionic species of the hydroxyaluminic type (in the case of aluminum). This operation is generally carried out in a slightly concentrated solution, at a temperature below 80 ° C. and if possible in the absence of cloudiness consisting of the start of precipitation of the metal hydroxide. The concentrations of metal ion and clay must be optimized so that sufficient solid pillars are formed and the porosity of the clay is not greatly reduced by the insertion of too much metal oxide.
Lorsque les ions interfoliaires alcalins ou alcalino-terreux sont remplacés par des protons soit directement à l'aide d'une solution très diluée, soit de préférence par échange avec un sel d'ammonium suivi d'une calcination entre 300 et 700°C, les smectites pontées acquièrent une acidité forte quoique inférieure globalement à celles des zéolithes classiques de type Y ou mordenite par exemple.When the alkali or alkaline earth interfoliar ions are replaced by protons either directly using a very dilute solution, or preferably by exchange with an ammonium salt followed by calcination between 300 and 700 ° C., the bridged smectites acquire a strong acidity although globally lower than those of conventional zeolites of type Y or mordenite for example.
Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention, l'argile utilisée comme catalyseur de l'hydrolyse cyclisante de l'aminonitrile en lactame est pontée.
Selon une variante particulière de l'invention, le catalyseur peut comporter, outre une argile, un ou plusieurs autres composés métalliques, souvent appelés dopants, tels que par exemple des composés de chrome, de titane, de molybdène, de tungstène, de fer, de zinc. Parmi ces dopants les composés de chrome et/ou de fer et/ou de titane sont considérés comme les plus avantageux. Ces dopants représentent habituellement, en poids par poids d'argile, de 0 % à 10 % et de préférence de 0 % à 5 %.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the clay used as catalyst for the cyclizing hydrolysis of aminonitrile into lactam is bridged. According to a particular variant of the invention, the catalyst can comprise, in addition to a clay, one or more other metallic compounds, often called dopants, such as for example chromium, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, zinc. Among these dopants, the chromium and / or iron and / or titanium compounds are considered to be the most advantageous. These dopants usually represent, by weight per weight of clay, from 0% to 10% and preferably from 0% to 5%.
Par composé métallique on entend aussi bien l'élément métal que l'ion métallique ou toute combinaison comprenant l'élément métal.The term “metallic compound” means both the metal element and the metal ion or any combination comprising the metal element.
L'argile selon l'invention peut être calcinée, selon une technique connue de l'homme du métier.The clay according to the invention can be calcined, according to a technique known to those skilled in the art.
Selon une autre variante particulière de l'invention, le catalyseur est mis en œuvre sous forme de billes, concassés, extrudes en forme de granulés cylindriques ou de forme multilobés creux ou pleins ou de nids d'abeille, pastilles.According to another particular variant of the invention, the catalyst is used in the form of balls, crushed, extruded in the form of cylindrical granules or of hollow or full multilobed form or of honeycombs, pellets.
La mise en forme peut éventuellement être réalisée à l'aide d'un liant. II peut s'agir tout d'abord de billes d'argile issues d'une mise en forme par oil-dropThe shaping can optionally be carried out using a binder. It can first of all be clay beads obtained from oil-drop shaping
(ou coagulation en gouttes). Ce type de billes peut par exemple être préparé par un procédé similaire à celui décrit pour la formation de billes d'alumine dans les brevets EP- A-0 015 801 ou EP-A-0 097 539. Le contrôle de la porosité peut être réalisé en particulier, selon le procédé décrit dans le brevet EP-A-0 097 539, par coagulation en gouttes d'une suspension, d'une dispersion aqueuse d'argile.(or coagulation in drops). This type of beads can for example be prepared by a process similar to that described for the formation of alumina beads in patents EP-A-0 015 801 or EP-A-0 097 539. The control of the porosity can be produced in particular, according to the method described in patent EP-A-0 097 539, by coagulation in drops of a suspension, of an aqueous dispersion of clay.
Les billes peuvent être également obtenues par le procédé d'agglomération dans un drageoir ou tambour tournant.The balls can also be obtained by the agglomeration process in a bezel or rotating drum.
Il peut aussi s'agir d'extrudés d'argile. Ceux-ci peuvent être obtenus par malaxage, puis extrusion d'une matière à base d'argile. Le contrôle de la porosité de ces extrudes peut être réalisé par le choix de l'argile mise en oeuvre et par les conditions de préparation de cette argile ou par les conditions de malaxage de cette argile avant extrusion. L'argile peut ainsi être mélangée lors du malaxage à des porogènes. A titre d'exemple, les extrudes peuvent être préparés par le procédé décrit dans le brevet US 3 856 708. De manière semblable, des billes à porosité contrôlée peuvent être obtenues par addition de porogène et agglomération dans un bol tournant ou drageoir ou par le procédé 'Oil-drop'.It can also be extruded clay. These can be obtained by mixing, then extruding a clay-based material. The porosity of these extrusions can be controlled by the choice of clay used and by the conditions of preparation of this clay or by the conditions of kneading of this clay before extrusion. The clay can thus be mixed during mixing with porogens. By way of example, the extrusions can be prepared by the process described in US Pat. No. 3,856,708. Similarly, beads with controlled porosity can be obtained by addition of porogen and agglomeration in a rotating bowl or a beverage pan or by 'Oil-drop' process.
Ainsi, comme cela sera démontré ci-après, la réaction d'hydrolyse cyclisante peut être réalisée avec un minimum de réactions secondaires, avec une bonne sélectivité du procédé en lactame et donc la pureté du produit brut obtenu.Thus, as will be demonstrated below, the cyclizing hydrolysis reaction can be carried out with a minimum of side reactions, with good selectivity of the lactam process and therefore the purity of the crude product obtained.
Les aminonitriles qui peuvent être cyclisés par le procédé de l 'invention sont avantageusement les ω-aminonitriles aliphatiques tel que ω-aminovaleronitrile, ω-aminocapronitrile, ω-aminooctanitrile, ω-aminononanitrile, ω-aminodécanitrile,
ω-aminodécanonitrile, ω-aminododécanonitrile, méthyl-aminovaléronitrile.The aminonitriles which can be cyclized by the process of the invention are advantageously aliphatic ω-aminonitriles such as ω-aminovaleronitrile, ω-aminocapronitrile, ω-aminooctanitrile, ω-aminononanitrile, ω-aminodecanitrile, ω-aminodecanonitrile, ω-aminododecanonitrile, methyl-aminovaleronitrile.
Le composé préféré et le plus important est l'amino-6 capronitrile qui conduit à l'ε-caprolactame. Ce dernier composé est le monomère du polyamide 6 utilisé pour la fabrication de différents articles tels que pièces moulées, fils, fibres, filaments, câbles ou films.The preferred and most important compound is amino-6 capronitrile which leads to ε-caprolactam. The latter compound is the polyamide 6 monomer used for the manufacture of various articles such as moldings, threads, fibers, filaments, cables or films.
L'ε-caprolactame produit par la réaction d'hydrolyse cyclisante est avantageusement purifié par les différents procédés connus de purification, tels que distillation, cristallisation en milieu solvant ou en phase fondue, traitement sur résine, traitement par un oxydant et/ou hydrogénation. Ces différentes étapes peuvent être partiellement ou totalement combinées dans des ordres différents et selon le degré de pureté de l'ε-caprolactame produit.The ε-caprolactam produced by the cyclizing hydrolysis reaction is advantageously purified by the various known purification methods, such as distillation, crystallization in a solvent medium or in the molten phase, treatment on resin, treatment with an oxidant and / or hydrogenation. These different stages can be partially or totally combined in different orders and according to the degree of purity of the ε-caprolactam produced.
La réaction d'hydrolyse cyclisante nécessite la présence d'eau. Le rapport molaire entre l'eau et l'aminonitrile engagés se situe habituellement entre 0,5 et 50 et de préférence entre 1 et 20. La valeur supérieure de ce rapport n'est pas critique pour l'invention, mais des rapports plus élevés n'ont guère d'intérêt pour des questions économiques.The cyclizing hydrolysis reaction requires the presence of water. The molar ratio between the water and the aminonitrile used is usually between 0.5 and 50 and preferably between 1 and 20. The higher value of this ratio is not critical for the invention, but higher ratios have little interest in economic matters.
Selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, la réaction d'hydrolyse cyclisante est mise en œuvre en phase vapeur. Ainsi les réactifs sont maintenus à l'état de vapeur dans le réacteur chargé avec une quantité déterminée de catalyseur. L'aminonitrile et l'eau peuvent être engagés sous forme de leurs mélanges à l'état de vapeurs ou être introduits séparément dans le réacteur. On peut réaliser une prévaporisation des réactifs qui circulent ensuite dans une chambre de mélange.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the cyclizing hydrolysis reaction is carried out in the vapor phase. Thus, the reactants are maintained in the vapor state in the reactor loaded with a determined quantity of catalyst. The aminonitrile and the water can be used in the form of their mixtures in the vapor state or can be introduced separately into the reactor. The reagents can be pre-evaporated, which then circulate in a mixing chamber.
Selon un autre mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, la réaction d'hydrolyse cyclisante est mise en œuvre en phase liquide. Ainsi les réactifs aminonitrile et eau sont engagés à l'état liquide sous pression éventuellement en présence d'un solvant.According to another particular embodiment of the invention, the cyclizing hydrolysis reaction is carried out in the liquid phase. Thus the aminonitrile and water reagents are used in the liquid state under pressure, optionally in the presence of a solvent.
Le volume libre du réacteur peut être occupé par un solide inerte tel que, par exemple, du quartz, afin de favoriser la vaporisation et la dispersion des réactifs.The free volume of the reactor can be occupied by an inert solid such as, for example, quartz, in order to promote the vaporization and the dispersion of the reactants.
On peut sans inconvénient utiliser tout gaz inerte comme vecteur, tel que l'azote, l'hélium ou l'argon. La température à laquelle est mis en oeuvre le procédé en phase vapeur est avantageusement suffisante pour que les réactifs soient bien à l'état de vapeur. Elle se situe généralement entre 200°C et 450°C et de préférence entre 250°C et 400°C.Any inert gas can be used without disadvantage as a carrier, such as nitrogen, helium or argon. The temperature at which the vapor phase process is carried out is advantageously sufficient for the reactants to be in the vapor state. It is generally between 200 ° C and 450 ° C and preferably between 250 ° C and 400 ° C.
Dans le cas d'un procédé en phase liquide, la réaction est réalisée sous pression.In the case of a liquid phase process, the reaction is carried out under pressure.
Le temps de contact entre l'aminonitrile et le catalyseur n'est pas critique. Il peut varier selon l'appareillage utilisé notamment. Ce temps de contact se situe de préférence entre 0,5 et 200 secondes et encore plus préférentiellement entre 1 et 100 secondes.The contact time between the aminonitrile and the catalyst is not critical. It can vary depending on the equipment used in particular. This contact time is preferably between 0.5 and 200 seconds and even more preferably between 1 and 100 seconds.
La pression n'est pas un paramètre critique du procédé. Ainsi on peut opérer sous des pressions de 10~3 bar à 200 bar. De préférence, on mettra en oeuvre le procédé
sous une pression de 0,1 à 20 bar. Dans le cas d'une hydrolyse réalisée en phase vapeur, cette pression est avantageusement comprise entre 10"3 bar et 3 bars.Pressure is not a critical process parameter. Thus one can operate under pressures from 10 ~ 3 bar to 200 bar. Preferably, the method will be implemented under a pressure of 0.1 to 20 bar. In the case of hydrolysis carried out in the vapor phase, this pressure is advantageously between 10 " 3 bar and 3 bar.
Il n'est pas exclu d'utiliser un solvant inerte dans les conditions réactionnelles, tel que par exemple un alcane, un cycloalcane, un hydrocarbure aromatique ou l'un de ces hydrocarbures précédents halogène, et d'avoir ainsi une phase liquide dans le flux réactionnel.It is not excluded to use an inert solvent under the reaction conditions, such as for example an alkane, a cycloalkane, an aromatic hydrocarbon or one of these preceding halogenated hydrocarbons, and thus to have a liquid phase in the reaction flow.
Des exemples vont maintenant être donnés, uniquement à titre indicatif et pour illustrer l'invention.Examples will now be given, only for information and to illustrate the invention.
EXEMPLEEXAMPLE
Dans un réacteur cylindrique à lit fixe de 20 ml en verre Pyrex, disposé verticalement et muni de moyens de chauffage et d'une sonde de température, d'ouvertures pour l'arrivée et la sortie des flux gazeux ainsi que pour l'arrivée et la sortie des flux liquides et d'un système d'injection des réactifs, on charge successivement 10 g de billes de quartz, 2g de Montmorillonite pontée Fluka® réf.69907 sous forme de poudre de 0,8 à 1 ,25 micromètre mélangée ou non à 2g de billes de quartz et à nouveau 10 g de billes de quartz.In a 20 ml cylindrical fixed-bed Pyrex glass reactor, arranged vertically and fitted with heating means and a temperature probe, openings for the arrival and exit of gas flows as well as for the arrival and at the outlet of the liquid flows and of a system for injecting the reagents, 10 g of quartz beads are successively loaded, 2 g of Flor® bridged Montmorillonite ref. 69907 in the form of powder of 0.8 to 1.25 micrometer mixed or no to 2g of quartz beads and again 10 g of quartz beads.
Le réacteur ainsi chargé est chauffé à 300°C sous courant d'azote (avec un débit de 5,2 litre/heure) pendant 2 heures.The reactor thus charged is heated to 300 ° C. under a stream of nitrogen (with a flow rate of 5.2 liters / hour) for 2 hours.
On injecte alors, à l'aide d'une pompe, un mélange d'amino-6 capronitrile (ACN) et d'eau (rapport molaire eau/ACN de 4,1). La vitesse d'injection du mélange est de 4,34 ml/h.A mixture of 6-amino-capronitrile (ACN) and water (water / ACN molar ratio of 4.1) is then injected using a pump. The speed of injection of the mixture is 4.34 ml / h.
A la sortie du réacteur, les vapeurs sont condensées dans un piège en verre à température ambiante sur une durée de 2 heures : le produit réactionnel est ainsi récupéré en deux coupes successives de 1h.At the outlet of the reactor, the vapors are condensed in a glass trap at room temperature over a period of 2 hours: the reaction product is thus recovered in two successive sections of 1 hour.
Le mélange réactionnel final (la seconde fraction prélevée) est dosé en chromatographie en phase vapeur notamment pour déterminer la concentration en caprolactame. On détermine le taux de transformation (TT) de l'aminocapronitrile, la sélectivitéThe final reaction mixture (the second fraction taken) is assayed by vapor phase chromatography in particular to determine the concentration of caprolactam. The transformation rate (TT) of aminocapronitrile, the selectivity is determined
(RT) en caprolactame (CPL) par rapport à l'aminocapronitrile transformé, l'activité du catalyseur sur 2 heures de réaction, mesurée en grammes de caprolactame formé par gramme de catalyseur et par heure.(RT) in caprolactam (CPL) relative to the transformed aminocapronitrile, the activity of the catalyst over 2 hours of reaction, measured in grams of caprolactam formed per gram of catalyst and per hour.
On obtient les performances suivantes stables pour une durée de réaction de 50 heures :The following stable performances are obtained for a reaction time of 50 hours:
- TT de l'ACN : 19,6 %- ACN TT: 19.6%
- RT en CPL : 92,8 %- RT in CPL: 92.8%
-activité : 6,25 g/g. h
-activity: 6.25 g / g. h
Claims
REVENDICATIONS
1 - Procédé d'hydrolyse cyclisante d'un composé aminonitrile en lactame par réaction d'un aminonitrile de formule générale (I) :1 - Process for the cyclizing hydrolysis of an aminonitrile compound into lactam by reaction of an aminonitrile of general formula (I):
N ≡ C - R - NH2 (I) dans laquelle R représente un radical aliphatique, cycloaliphatique, arylalyphatique, saturé ou insaturé, linéaire ou ramifié, substitué ou non comprenant de 1 à 12 atomes de carbone, avec de l'eau, en présence d'un catalyseur solide, caractérisé en ce que le catalyseur est une argile.N ≡ C - R - NH 2 (I) in which R represents an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, arylalyphatic radical, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, substituted or not comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, with water, in presence of a solid catalyst, characterized in that the catalyst is a clay.
2 - Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'argile est choisie parmi les kaolins, les serpentines, les smectites ou montmorillonites, les illites ou micas, les glauconites, les chlorites ou vermiculites, les attapulgites ou sepiolites, les argiles à couches mixtes, les allophanes ou imogolites et les argiles à haute teneur en alumine.2 - Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the clay is chosen from kaolins, serpentines, smectites or montmorillonites, illites or micas, glauconites, chlorites or vermiculites, attapulgites or sepiolites, clays with mixed layers, allophanes or imogolites and clays with a high alumina content.
3 - Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'argile est une montmorillonite.3 - Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the clay is a montmorillonite.
4 - Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'argile est pontée.4 - Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clay is bridged.
5 - Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le catalyseur comporte un ou plusieurs dopants.5 - Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the catalyst comprises one or more dopants.
6 -Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le catalyseur est sous forme de billes, concassés, extrudes en forme de granulés cylindriques ou de forme multilobés creux ou pleins ou de nids d'abeille, pastilles.6 -Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the catalyst is in the form of balls, crushed, extruded in the form of cylindrical granules or of hollow or full multilobed form or of honeycombs, pellets.
7 - Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'aminonitrile de la formule (I) est l'amino-6-capronitrile.7 - Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aminonitrile of formula (I) is amino-6-capronitrile.
8 - Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le rapport molaire entre l'eau et l'aminonitrile engagés se situe entre 0,5 et 50.8 - Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molar ratio between the water and the aminonitrile used is between 0.5 and 50.
9 -Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que rapport molaire entre l'eau et l'aminonitrile engagés se situe entre 1 et 20.
10 - Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la réaction d'hydrolyse cyclisante est mise en oeuvre en phase vapeur.9 - Process according to claim 8, characterized in that the molar ratio between the water and the aminonitrile used is between 1 and 20. 10 - Method according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cyclizing hydrolysis reaction is carried out in the vapor phase.
11 - Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la réaction d'hydrolyse cyclisante est mise en oeuvre en phase liquide.11 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cyclizing hydrolysis reaction is carried out in the liquid phase.
12 - Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la température à laquelle est mise en oeuvre l'étape d'hydrolyse cyclisante se situe entre 200°C et 450°C.
12 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the temperature at which the cyclizing hydrolysis step is carried out is between 200 ° C and 450 ° C.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0103826A FR2822465A1 (en) | 2001-03-21 | 2001-03-21 | Process for hydrolytic cyclization of aminonitrile compound useful in preparation of polyamides occurs in presence of solid clay catalyst to form caprolactams |
| FR0103826 | 2001-03-21 | ||
| PCT/FR2002/000957 WO2002074739A1 (en) | 2001-03-21 | 2002-03-19 | Method for the hydrolytic cyclisation of an aminonitrile compound to give a lactam |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1370524A1 true EP1370524A1 (en) | 2003-12-17 |
Family
ID=8861390
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02753580A Withdrawn EP1370524A1 (en) | 2001-03-21 | 2002-03-19 | Method for the hydrolytic cyclisation of an aminonitrile compound to give a lactam |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040116691A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1370524A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20030093264A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1503783A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0208606A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2441812A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2822465A1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUP0303591A3 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL158018A0 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA03008451A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL365252A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2003130972A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002074739A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2944791B1 (en) | 2009-04-27 | 2012-02-10 | Rhodia Operations | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF LACTAMES |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB639945A (en) * | 1940-08-12 | 1950-07-12 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Process for the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons |
| US2357484A (en) * | 1941-09-12 | 1944-09-05 | Du Pont | Process for producing compounds containing an n-substituted amide group |
| US3136780A (en) * | 1961-12-12 | 1964-06-09 | Fmc Corp | Vapor phase ammonolysis of butyrolactone in the presence of an aluminum silicate clay catalyst |
| FR2512043A1 (en) * | 1981-08-27 | 1983-03-04 | Jacobs Pierre | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CLAYED ARGILES, CLAYS PREPARED BY THIS METHOD AND APPLICATIONS OF SAID CLAYS |
| DE19632006A1 (en) * | 1996-08-08 | 1998-02-12 | Bayer Ag | Process for the preparation of lactams |
| FR2755132B1 (en) * | 1996-10-24 | 1998-11-27 | Rhone Poulenc Fibres | LACTAM TREATMENT PROCESS |
| FR2781480B1 (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2001-06-01 | Rhone Poulenc Fibres | PROCESS FOR THE CYCLISTING HYDROLYSIS OF AN AMINONITRIAL LACTAM COMPOUND |
-
2001
- 2001-03-21 FR FR0103826A patent/FR2822465A1/en active Pending
-
2002
- 2002-03-19 KR KR10-2003-7012286A patent/KR20030093264A/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-03-19 BR BR0208606-9A patent/BR0208606A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-19 WO PCT/FR2002/000957 patent/WO2002074739A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-03-19 HU HU0303591A patent/HUP0303591A3/en unknown
- 2002-03-19 PL PL02365252A patent/PL365252A1/en unknown
- 2002-03-19 RU RU2003130972/04A patent/RU2003130972A/en unknown
- 2002-03-19 CN CNA028086465A patent/CN1503783A/en active Pending
- 2002-03-19 CA CA002441812A patent/CA2441812A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-19 MX MXPA03008451A patent/MXPA03008451A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-19 IL IL15801802A patent/IL158018A0/en unknown
- 2002-03-19 US US10/472,473 patent/US20040116691A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-19 EP EP02753580A patent/EP1370524A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO02074739A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HUP0303591A2 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
| PL365252A1 (en) | 2004-12-27 |
| MXPA03008451A (en) | 2003-12-08 |
| IL158018A0 (en) | 2004-03-28 |
| US20040116691A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
| WO2002074739A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
| HUP0303591A3 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
| BR0208606A (en) | 2004-06-08 |
| CA2441812A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
| RU2003130972A (en) | 2005-01-27 |
| CN1503783A (en) | 2004-06-09 |
| KR20030093264A (en) | 2003-12-06 |
| FR2822465A1 (en) | 2002-09-27 |
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