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EP1366477A1 - Procede de reconnaissance d'incendie - Google Patents

Procede de reconnaissance d'incendie

Info

Publication number
EP1366477A1
EP1366477A1 EP02706665A EP02706665A EP1366477A1 EP 1366477 A1 EP1366477 A1 EP 1366477A1 EP 02706665 A EP02706665 A EP 02706665A EP 02706665 A EP02706665 A EP 02706665A EP 1366477 A1 EP1366477 A1 EP 1366477A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alarm
sensor
signal
alarm threshold
fire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02706665A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1366477B1 (fr
Inventor
Anton Pfefferseder
Bernd Siber
Andreas Hensel
Ulrich Oppelt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1366477A1 publication Critical patent/EP1366477A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1366477B1 publication Critical patent/EP1366477B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/185—Signal analysis techniques for reducing or preventing false alarms or for enhancing the reliability of the system
    • G08B29/188—Data fusion; cooperative systems, e.g. voting among different detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for fire detection according to the category of the independent claim.
  • Fire detectors react to changes in the environment. Such fire-based changes include smoke, a rise in temperature, and gases generated during a fire. Scattered light sensors for smoke detection, temperature sensors for temperature rise and gas sensors for gas detection are used to detect these parameters. Both chemical and physical gas sensors are possible with the gas sensors. In a fire detector, sensor signals derived from such sensors are recorded cyclically by an evaluation circuit. A fire is then detected when a predetermined alarm threshold is exceeded by the sensor signal.
  • so-called interference which can lead to false alarms. These include cigarette smoke, disco fog, dust and electromagnetic interference.
  • the method according to the invention for fire detection with the features of the independent claim has the advantage that the alarm threshold is determined as a function of signal parameters that are derived from the sensor signals. This makes it possible to adapt to situations that may cause a false alarm. It is therefore possible to hide these situations.
  • the sensitivity of a fire detector can be increased if situations arise that indicate a fire, such as a steady increase in smoke.
  • the method according to the invention can be easily implemented on a microcontroller and means only a low computing effort.
  • the alarm threshold must be exceeded for an alarm interval in order to detect a fire.
  • This advantageously eliminates short-term effects.
  • a scattered-light smoke detector which has a labyrinth
  • dust is whirled up in the labyrinth when there is a draft and leads to an increased sensor signal from the scattered-light smoke detector.
  • the alarm interval By appropriately specifying the alarm interval, however, it is possible for the sensor signal to drop below the alarm threshold again within the alarm interval and thus not to be recognized for a fire. A false alarm is thus advantageously suppressed.
  • Welding can only produce smoke for a short time, which is recognized as a fire by the scattered-light smoke detector. Such a short-term effect can also be suppressed here by the alarm interval.
  • the alarm threshold can be adapted to local conditions by setting parameters. These include, for example, weighting factors that are used in the calculation of the alarm threshold or the alarm interval from the signal parameters.
  • the rate of rise of the sensor signal and the noise of the sensor signal are advantageously used as signal parameters.
  • the rate of rise of the sensor signal is calculated by using two digital low-pass filters with different time constants and then forming a difference from the sensor signal. This difference is a measure of the slew rate.
  • the noise is calculated from the sensor signal and smoothed sensor signal data.
  • the rest value is advantageously tracked. If at least two different sensor signals are advantageously present, then it is possible to use one sensor signal to check the plausibility of the other sensor signal. This also increases security against false alarms. It is also possible to link the sensor signals, which can be done, for example, by means of a correlation.
  • a communication line for example a bus, can connect a signal processing stage of the fire detector to reproduction means or a control center.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the device according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating the dependence of the alarm threshold or the alarm interval on the rate of rise of the sensor signal
  • Figure 3 is a flow diagram of the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the device according to the invention as a block diagram.
  • the sensors 1, 2 and 3 are connected to an evaluation circuit 4 which detects the sensor signals of the three sensors 1, 2 and 3.
  • the sensor signals detected in this way are then transmitted to a signal processing stage 5 which has a microcontroller in order to calculate signal parameters from the sensor signals and to compare the sensor signals with an alarm threshold.
  • the result of the signal processing stage is then transmitted via a communication line 7 to a playback device 6, which can also be a control center.
  • the type of sensor used here is a scattered light sensor which has a measuring chamber in a labyrinth in which a light source is arranged and a light receiver, the light receiver only receiving light when smoke enters the measuring chamber through the labyrinth and thus light from the light source into the Scattered light receiver.
  • gas sensors as sensors, for example resistive gas sensors which change a resistance as a function of adsorbed gas, for which purpose semiconductor sensors can then be used.
  • an electrochemical cell that emits a current depending on the gas that occurs. This current is proportional to the gas concentration.
  • a temperature sensor can also be used here, since high temperatures occur in the event of a fire, the use of such a sensor is suitable for detecting a fire.
  • the evaluation circuit 4 comprises a measuring amplifier, filter and an analog / digital converter in order to then transfer the sensor signals as digital signals to the signal processing stage 5.
  • the signal processing stage 5 has a simple microcontroller which is connected to a memory in order to store intermediate results there and also to load permanent values which are stored there from there. Functions such as digital low-pass filters or digital high-pass filters are then implemented on the microcontroller. It is also possible to use a digital signal processor for this.
  • the communication line 7 can be designed as a bus in order to connect the fire detector, which is implemented by the sensors 1, 2 and 3, the evaluation circuit 4 and the signal processing stage 5, to a control center 6. It is then displayed whether there is an alarm, a fault in the fire detector or no alarm. It is also possible to use only simple reproduction means, such as an optical display, which is assigned directly to the fire detector, or an acoustic reproduction possibility, such as a loudspeaker.
  • the signal processing stage 5 derives signal parameters from the sensor signals.
  • the rate of rise is one of the signal parameters that are derived here. So the rate of rise describes how fast that is
  • Sensor signal rises. It is nothing more than the slope of the sensor signal.
  • Another signal parameter is the noise of the sensor signal. This noise is obtained by forming the difference between the raw sensor signal and a smoothed sensor signal. One can also do this Subsequent squaring take place in order to determine a noise power and a moving average over the noise thus calculated or the noise power are formed. It is also possible to temporarily store the sensor signals over a certain period of time, for example the last 64 measured values, and then to calculate the frequency spectrum. If a low-frequency noise predominates, this is an indication of a fire. High-frequency noise indicates a disturbance variable.
  • the alarm threshold and the alarm interval are now calculated from the signal parameters of the slew rate and the noise.
  • the sensor signal is then compared with the changed alarm threshold and, if the alarm threshold is exceeded, it is checked whether this exceeding continues until the. Alarm interval has expired. This evaluation of the sensor signals is carried out cyclically. If an alarm is detected or a fault is detected or no alarm is detected, this is then transmitted to the playback means 6 accordingly.
  • FIG. 9 An example of the dependence of the alarm threshold and the alarm interval on the slew rate is shown in a diagram in FIG.
  • the rate of increase is plotted on the abscissa, while the alarm threshold is shown on the left ordinate and the alarm interval on the right ordinate.
  • Curve 9 describes the alarm threshold. It is constant up to a value of approximately 25% of the slew rate. Here is the lower limit for the alarm threshold.
  • the alarm threshold then increases linearly depending on the slew rate up to a slew rate value of approximately 225 on. From this value, the upper limit for the alarm threshold is reached at a value for the alarm threshold of approximately 310. For rises higher than 225, the alarm threshold remains at 310.
  • the lower curve 8 represents an example of the calculation of the alarm interval as a function of the slew rate.
  • the alarm interval remains constant at a value of 10 up to a value of the slew rate of approximately 40. From this value of the slew rate, the alarm interval increases linearly up to one Value of 60, which is reached at a rate of rise of 240. If the rate of rise is higher than 240, the alarm interval remains constant at 60. Here, the upper limit for the alarm interval has been reached.
  • the determination of the alarm threshold or the alarm interval as a function of the noise is carried out here as a function of the noise power.
  • the method according to the invention is shown in a flow chart in FIG.
  • sensors 1 to 3 generate the sensor signals.
  • the sensor signals are acquired by the evaluation circuit 4, referred to here as reception.
  • the signal processing stage 5 derives the signal parameters of slew rate and noise from the sensor signals that have been amplified and digitized by the evaluation circuit 4.
  • digital low-pass filters are used for this. These digital low-pass filters are implemented on a microcontroller in signal processing stage 5.
  • the alarm threshold is calculated from these signal parameters of slew rate and noise.
  • step 15 it is recognized in method step 15 that there is no alarm and this is transmitted to the playback device 6.
  • a check is carried out in method step 16 as to whether this alarm threshold is continuously exceeded for the alarm interval. If this is not the case, then in step 17 it is determined that there is no alarm, and in step 18 the playback device 6 indicates that a failure has occurred. However, if it was recognized in step 16 that the alarm threshold was continuously exceeded for the entire time of the alarm interval, then an alarm is recognized in step 19. This is then displayed by means of the playback device 6.
  • signal parameters of slew rate and noise instead of or in addition to the signal parameters of slew rate and noise, other signal parameters are also possible, for example the integrated sensor signal, a correlation of different ones
  • Sensor signals i.e. a cross correlation and other links between the sensor signals. It is also possible to use a fixed alarm interval and only to determine the alarm threshold again and again depending on the signal parameters. Conversely, it is also possible to use a fixed alarm threshold and to calculate the alarm interval depending on the signal parameters.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de reconnaissance d'incendie servant à éviter les fausses alarmes, cela par le fait qu'un seuil d'alarme est déterminé en fonction de paramètres de signal dérivés d'au moins un signal de capteur. Ainsi, de façon avantageuse, les fausses alarmes sont éliminées par filtrage. Cela est encore amélioré grâce à l'introduction d'un intervalle d'alarme pour lequel le seuil d'alarme doit être dépassé pour qu'une alarme soit reconnue. L'intervalle d'alarme peut aussi être déterminé de façon adaptative en fonction des paramètres de signal. Pour l'intervalle d'alarme et le seuil d'alarme sont, respectivement, prévues une limite supérieure et une limite inférieure pour garantir une certaine sécurité, de telle sorte que le seuil d'alarme et l'intervalle d'alarme ne puissent pas accepter des valeurs qui mettent en péril une fonction du détecteur d'incendie. Plusieurs signaux de capteur peuvent également être utilisés, des paramètres de signal pouvant alors être produits par combinaison des signaux de capteur. De préférence, on utilise comme détecteur d'incendie un détecteur de fumée à écran diffusant qui est pourvu d'un labyrinthe et d'une chambre de mesure.
EP02706665A 2001-02-27 2002-02-05 Procede de reconnaissance d'incendie Expired - Lifetime EP1366477B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10109362 2001-02-27
DE10109362A DE10109362A1 (de) 2001-02-27 2001-02-27 Verfahren zur Branderkennung
PCT/DE2002/000404 WO2002069297A1 (fr) 2001-02-27 2002-02-05 Procede de reconnaissance d'incendie

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1366477A1 true EP1366477A1 (fr) 2003-12-03
EP1366477B1 EP1366477B1 (fr) 2005-06-15

Family

ID=7675625

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02706665A Expired - Lifetime EP1366477B1 (fr) 2001-02-27 2002-02-05 Procede de reconnaissance d'incendie

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6856252B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1366477B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10109362A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002069297A1 (fr)

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US7397369B2 (en) * 2005-02-08 2008-07-08 Ftc - Forward Threat Control Llc Sensor and transmission control circuit in adaptive interface package
US7242289B1 (en) * 2005-02-23 2007-07-10 Sprint Communications Company L.P. Method and system for synthetically reproducing a random process
JP4740744B2 (ja) * 2006-01-12 2011-08-03 能美防災株式会社 防災システム
US7969896B2 (en) * 2006-08-29 2011-06-28 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and system for providing connectivity outage detection for MPLS core networks based on service level agreement
US7642924B2 (en) * 2007-03-02 2010-01-05 Walter Kidde Portable Equipment, Inc. Alarm with CO and smoke sensors
EP2093731A1 (fr) * 2008-02-19 2009-08-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Détecteur de fumée optique linéaire doté de plusieurs rayons partiels
US8547238B2 (en) * 2010-06-30 2013-10-01 Knowflame, Inc. Optically redundant fire detector for false alarm rejection
DE102011089064A1 (de) * 2011-12-19 2013-06-20 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Sensorsystem und Verfahren zur Erfassung einer Messgröße
WO2014203070A1 (fr) * 2013-06-20 2014-12-24 David Denoon-Stevens Système de détection d'incendie
DE102013222499B4 (de) 2013-11-06 2025-02-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gefahrenmeldeanlage, Verfahren und Computerprogramm
DE102015112105B4 (de) * 2015-07-24 2020-02-06 Infineon Technologies Ag Sensorvorrichtung, Auswertungsvorrichtung und entsprechende Systeme und Verfahren
US9729357B1 (en) * 2016-02-05 2017-08-08 Advoli Limited System for transmitting control signals over twisted pair cabling using common mode of transformer
US10339090B2 (en) 2016-05-23 2019-07-02 Advoli Limited System for implementing MXM on a PCI card
CN108877172B (zh) * 2018-06-26 2019-07-12 深圳市中电数通智慧安全科技股份有限公司 一种错误报警分析方法、装置及终端设备
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20040090335A1 (en) 2004-05-13
WO2002069297A1 (fr) 2002-09-06
EP1366477B1 (fr) 2005-06-15
US6856252B2 (en) 2005-02-15
DE10109362A1 (de) 2002-09-19
DE50203409D1 (de) 2005-07-21

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