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EP1356185B1 - R duction des d blais de forage un calibre maximal et tr pan cet effet - Google Patents

R duction des d blais de forage un calibre maximal et tr pan cet effet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1356185B1
EP1356185B1 EP01985461A EP01985461A EP1356185B1 EP 1356185 B1 EP1356185 B1 EP 1356185B1 EP 01985461 A EP01985461 A EP 01985461A EP 01985461 A EP01985461 A EP 01985461A EP 1356185 B1 EP1356185 B1 EP 1356185B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill bit
drilling
drilling fluid
buttons
bit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01985461A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1356185A1 (fr
Inventor
Per Thomas Moe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1356185A1 publication Critical patent/EP1356185A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1356185B1 publication Critical patent/EP1356185B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/36—Percussion drill bits
    • E21B10/38—Percussion drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
    • E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
    • E21B10/5671—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts with chip breaking arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for drilling deep holes in the ground by means of a drill string, a percussion drilling hammer at the lower end of the drill string, and a percussive drill bit having a diameter of at least 75 mm and being connected to the percussion drilling hammer, where drilling fluid is supplied to the percussion drilling hammer and drill bit through the drill string and is returned at a given velocity through an annular space formed between the drill string and the hole.
  • buttons of hard metal When the drill bit impacts against the bottom of the borehole, the buttons knock pieces of varying size loose from the ground material. Some of these may have a size above 10 mm, somewhat dependent on the type of rock to be drilled. Due to the density and viscosity of the drilling fluid, these large particles of the cuttings will nevertheless be carried along by the drilling fluid up to the surface through the annular space between the well wall and drill string, where the flow velocity typically may lie in the range 0.4-2 m/sec.
  • the cuttings pass up along the head of the bit through channels in the side surface of the head.
  • the drilling fluid is usually supplied through two or more openings in the front face of the bit, which at least partially direct the flow radially outward towards the periphery of the bit in order to flush the cuttings out to said channels.
  • the drilling fluid usually has a number of additives which makes it both expensive and harmful to the environment. Consequently, it is necessary to recover the drilling fluid, requiring a cleaning process, which in turn implies space consuming and expensive equipment for sifting and centrifuging the drilling fluid before it can be used over again.
  • the purpose of the present invention is therefore to avoid, or at least reduce, the drawbacks and casts connected to the use of common drilling fluids.
  • this is obtained by a method of the type mentioned by way of introduction where the characteristic features are that water is used as drilling fluid, and in that cuttings knocked loose by the drill bit are crushed to a predetermined maximum dimension before they are allowed to pass up along the bit to the annular space between the wall of the borehole and the drill string, said maximum dimension giving the cuttings a lower sinking velocity in water than the water velocity in the annular space.
  • the cuttings will have a much higher sinking velocity in water than in drilling fluids. This entails that the heavier particles of the cutting will not be carried along by the water in the annular space unless the flow velocity is increased correspondingly. Particularly when drilling at larger depths, e.g. by means of coiled tubing, the flow resistance in the drill string and other pressure losses will make it practically impossible to provide a sufficient flow rate to carry the largest particles up to the surface. As a result, the cuttings will pack in the annular space and make further drilling impossible.
  • the invention has solved this problem by ensuring that the cuttings, before being allowed to pass by the bit and up into the annular space, are crushed to such an extent that there do not exist particles of such a size that the water flow in the annular space is not able to carry these to the surface.
  • This maximum particle size will vary according to the type of rock to be drilled. In shale rock the large particles will generally take the form of flakes, which should be crushed to a length of maximum 6 mm. If the rock is gneiss or granite, the particles usually have a more rounded form and should in such cases be crushed to a largest dimension of about 4 mm.
  • a preferred solution according to the invention is, however, very simple, inexpensive and efficient. It consists of limiting the flow cross-section, particularly the depth, of the return channels in the side surface of the bit. As a result, the cuttings cannot pass by the bit until they have been crushed to a sufficient extent. This maximum depth will of course also be dependant upon the form of the cutting particles, but for bits above a certain size it will usually lie in the range of 1.5-4 mm.
  • the present invention has a solution also to this problem.
  • This consists of arranging a flushing channel opening, preferably as the only one, close to or even partly overlapping with the central axis of the bit.
  • This provides effective flushing also of the central portion of the bottom of the borehole, resulting in that any hard metal pieces are flushed out to the side and follow the drill fluid up through the side channels of the bit.
  • the hard metal pieces will often be too heavy to continue further up the annular space, but since they will be relatively few in number, they may be permitted to remain on the top side of the widest portion of the bit without doing noticeable harm.
  • buttons in the outermost row along the periphery of the bit are increased. Furthermore, it is suggested to provide these outermost buttons with a diamond coating which increases their service life, while in at least the majority of the buttons on the inside are not provided with such a coating. This insures that buttons on the inside are worn out and stop the penetration of the bit before the buttons along the periphery are worn to such an extent that the diameter of the hole has been reduced to a noticeable degree.
  • the percussive bit 1 according to the invention shown in the drawing comprises a head 2 and a peripheral side surface 4, where hard metal inserts or buttons 5, 6, 7, 8 are inserted in the front face 3 thereof.
  • the buttons 5 are arranged in an outer row adjacent the side surface 4 of the head 2 of the bit.
  • the number of buttons 5 is so large that the average distance between the buttons is less than the diameter of the buttons.
  • the buttons 5 are also coated with a diamond material, this being indicated in the drawing by a cross-hatching consisting of crossing lines.
  • the buttons 6 in the row on the inside have a much larger spacing and are not provided with a diamond coating.
  • Inside the buttons 6 is a further row consisting of two diametrally opposite buttons 7, and innermost there is a single button 8, which may have a diamond coating.
  • channels 9 in which drilling fluid, in this case water, carrying along cuttings may flow through up along the bit to the annular space between the wall of the hole made by the bit and the drill string (not shown).
  • the channels 9 can have somewhat varying shape and depth, but the depth, measured with respect to an imaginary continuation of the side surface 4, must not supersede a given value determined by i.a. the type of rock to be drilled, the cross-sectional area of the annular space and the flow rate of the drilling water.
  • a practical range for this maximum depth is 1.5-4 mm, the upper limit preferably being less than 5 mm, preferably maximum 3.5 mm in order to keep the flow rate of drilling water on a reasonable level.
  • the front face 3 of the bit has an outlet opening 10 for drilling water which is so centrally located in the bit that it overlaps with the central axis 11 of the bit. This ascertains effective flushing of the entire bottom area of the borehole.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Un procédé pour percer des trous profonds dans le sol, au moyen d'un train de tiges, de préférence du type à tubage bobiné, un marteau de forage à percussion, monté à l'extrémité inférieure du train de tiges, et un outil de forage (1) à percussion ayant un diamètre d'au moins 75 mm et étant relié au marteau de forage à percussion, dans lequel un fluide de forage est fourni au marteau de forage à percussion et à l'outil de forage (1), à travers le train de tiges, et est retourné, à une vitesse donnée, par un espace annulaire formé entre le train de tiges et le trou,
    caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise de l'eau comme fluide de forage, et en ce que des coupes, rendues lâches par le train de forage, sont écrasées à une dimension maximale prédéterminée, inférieure à 6 mm, avant d'être autorisées à passer dans le train de tiges et vers l'espace annulaire entre la paroi du trou de forage et le train de tiges, ledit écrasement à ladite dimension maximale étant rendu possible par une limitation de la profondeur de canaux d'écoulement de retour (9) pour le fluide de forage dans l'outil de forage (1), à une valeur inférieure à 5 mm, mesurée par rapport à une continuation imaginaire de la surface latérale (4) de l'outil de forage (1).
  2. Un procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite dimension maximale est maintenue à une valeur inférieure à 4 mm.
  3. Un procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite profondeur est limitée à une valeur dans la fourchette de 1,5 à 4 mm.
  4. Un outil de forage pour utilisation dans un procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant une tête, ayant un diamètre d'au moins 75 mm et comprenant une face avant (3) et une face latérale (4) périphérique, dans laquelle la face avant (3) de l'outil (2) est munie d'inserts (5 à 8) métalliques durs, agencés en plusieurs rangées à des distances radiales différentes depuis l'axe central (11) de l'outil de forage (1), et avec au moins une sortie (10) pour le fluide de forage, et dans lequel la surface latérale (4) de la tête (2) est munie de cavités s'étendant sensiblement axialement formant des canaux (9) pour le passage du fluide de forage qui, par utilisation de l'outil de forage, est fourni à travers ladite sortie (10),
    caractérisé en ce que la profondeur maximale des canaux (9) est d'au moins 5 mm, de préférence inférieure à 3,5 mm, mesuré par rapport à une continuation imaginaire de la surface latérale (4) de l'outil de forage (1), et en ce que la distance moyenne entre les inserts (5) métalliques durs, dans la rangée radialement la plus extérieure, est inférieure au diamètre des inserts au moins dans des groupes d'inserts (5).
  5. Un outil de forage à percussion selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le nombre de canaux (9) est à peu près égal au nombre d'inserts (5) métalliques durs, situés dans la rangée radialement la plus extérieure sur la face avant (3) de la tête (2).
  6. Un outil de forage à percussion selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que les inserts (5) métalliques durs, dans la rangée radialement la plus extérieure, comprennent un revêtement en matériau tel que du diamant, certains des boutons (6 à 8) situés à l'intérieur étant exempts d'un tel matériau.
  7. Un outil de forage à percussion selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la sortie (10) pour le fluide de forage est située de façon adjacente audit axe central (11), ou en chevauchement partiel avec lui.
EP01985461A 2000-12-21 2001-12-21 R duction des d blais de forage un calibre maximal et tr pan cet effet Expired - Lifetime EP1356185B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20006591A NO316856B1 (no) 2000-12-21 2000-12-21 Fremgangsmåte ved boring og slagborekrone for utførelse av denne
NO20006591 2000-12-21
PCT/NO2001/000506 WO2002052122A1 (fr) 2000-12-21 2001-12-21 Réduction des déblais de forage à un calibre maximal et trépan à cet effet

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1356185A1 EP1356185A1 (fr) 2003-10-29
EP1356185B1 true EP1356185B1 (fr) 2006-09-06

Family

ID=19911940

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01985461A Expired - Lifetime EP1356185B1 (fr) 2000-12-21 2001-12-21 R duction des d blais de forage un calibre maximal et tr pan cet effet

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1356185B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE338877T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60122933T2 (fr)
NO (1) NO316856B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002052122A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3918538A (en) * 1974-07-01 1975-11-11 Hughes Tool Co Rotary percussion earth boring bit
US4373592A (en) * 1980-11-28 1983-02-15 Mobil Oil Corporation Rotary drilling drill string stabilizer-cuttings grinder
NO892223L (no) * 1988-06-03 1989-12-04 Boart Int Ltd Borkrone.
US5366032A (en) * 1993-06-09 1994-11-22 Kay Mark A Rock bit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE338877T1 (de) 2006-09-15
DE60122933D1 (de) 2006-10-19
DE60122933T2 (de) 2007-09-06
WO2002052122A1 (fr) 2002-07-04
NO316856B1 (no) 2004-06-01
NO20006591D0 (no) 2000-12-21
NO20006591L (no) 2002-06-24
EP1356185A1 (fr) 2003-10-29

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