EP1353772A1 - Electrode guide for spark-erosion machines and a method for the spark-erosion of workpieces - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrode guide and to a method for the spark-erosion of workpieces. Said electrode guide (1), consisting of a two-piece prism-shaped (2, 3) guide with a pretensioning device (6), enables an electrode (4) to be guided in a play-free manner, thus allowing the production of bores that is accurate to within 1 νm. A pivoting device (10) for pivoting the electrode guide and an alignment device (14) for the parallel displacement of said electrode guide (1) are also provided, enabling the production of conical bores.

Description

description

Electrode guide for eroding machines and method for eroding workpieces

The present invention relates to an electrode guide for eroding machines and a method for eroding workpieces.

Spark erosion machines are known in a variety of configurations in the prior art. Such machines are used, for example, to produce bores. Ceramic tubes are used as electrode guides, for example, or hard metal collets with a lateral clamping mechanism are used. With these known electrode guides, the tolerances of the clamping position of the electrode with respect to the axis of rotation are 5 μm, as a result of which they are relatively imprecise for producing microbores.

In addition to the production of micro bores, the production of conical micro bores with a precisely defined front or rear width is particularly problematic. Such micro bores have so far not been achieved in series production with an acceptable tolerance of 1 μm. In particular, conical micro-holes can only be created to a limited extent through adjustments to the erosion parameters. For example, conical bores are generated by an increased removal rate as the depth of the bore increases, or a rotating wire electrode is excited to vibrate with increasing depth of the bore in order to describe a cone-shaped path. With such methods, however, only bores with imprecise dimensions and relatively large tolerances of over 5 μm can be obtained. For example, in the production of micro-bores for fuel injection valves, tolerances in the range of 1 μm would be desirable. There is therefore a need for an electrical w uo tt HH in oo Lπ O in

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In order to have exactly three contact points between the electrode and the electrode guide, the groove-shaped recess is preferably V-shaped in section and formed either only in the holding part or only in the pressing part.

In order to provide safe and continuous guidance of the electrode in the electrode guide, the pressing part is pressed against the holding part by means of a spring element or by means of a weight. Precise guidance can thus be ensured.

In order to provide optimum pressure forces for electrodes with different diameters, the pressure force of the pressure part can be adjusted. For example, at

Providing the pressing force by means of a weight can be arranged displaceably via a lever arm and exert a different force on the pressing part depending on its position. To enable a fine adjustment, the weight is preferably adjustable via a thread. Furthermore, for example, a spring plate can be provided as a spring element, the spring force of which can be adjusted via adjustable stops. The pressing force is selected in each case in such a way that the eroding process can run smoothly.

The electrode guide is preferably arranged in a rotating manner

The electrode is particularly preferably arranged in a rotating manner. If the electrode guide is also arranged to rotate, the electrode preferably rotates at the same speed as the electrode guide.

A pivoting device is also provided in order to pivot the electrode guide. In this case, the electrode guide is preferably pivoted by a swivel angle of ± 2 ° about an axis in the feed direction in which the electrode wire is arranged. With a rotating electrode falls the axis in the feed direction and the axis of rotation together. The pivoting device allows the electrode guide to be set at an angle relative to the axis of rotation. This makes it possible, in particular, to produce bores which have a taper, it being possible for bores to be produced which decrease conically from the side of the electrode insertion (bores with a protrusion), and for bores which are based on flaring the side of the electrode entry (holes with a rear width). The conical holes can be made with a smooth surface line. Thus, according to the invention, in particular bores of injection nozzles for fuel injection valves can be produced with the highest accuracy.

In order to be able to move the electrode guide parallel to the axis in the feed direction or parallel to the axis of rotation, an alignment device is further preferably provided.

The alignment device is particularly preferred in one

Turret arranged. The alignment device can e.g. be constructed in such a way that it has four screws arranged in the rotary head, each of which abuts from a different side of the electrode guide and the electrode guide is centered between them. As a result, the position of the electrode guide can be moved in any radial direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the electrode.

The pressing part is advantageously formed with a further recess in its central region towards the electrode. As a result, the electrode is pressed and guided against the holding part only over two regions of the pressing part. In other words, the electrode is pressed against the holding part only at the two ends of the pressing part. The electrode guide is particularly preferably arranged in the rotary head, which is mounted in a bridge. Precision bearings are used to support the rotary head.

The bridge is preferably mounted so as to be displaceable in the axial direction in a spindle of the eroding machine via play-free ball guides.

The electrode guide is preferably located axially between the spindle and the workpiece to be machined.

In order to limit a feed of the bridge, a stop is advantageously provided.

The stop is particularly preferably designed to be adjustable.

In order to enable a simple construction of the rotary head, the rotary head is preferably driven by the spindle via a driver.

The electrode guide is advantageously produced from an Al ₂ 0 ₃ ceramic or from hard metal or from steel.

According to the method according to the invention for eroding recesses, in particular micro bores, in workpieces, an electrode guide comprises a holding part and a pressing part, a groove-shaped recess being provided in the holding part and / or in the pressing part. An electrode is arranged between the holding part and the pressing part. The pressing part is pressed against the holding part by means of a pretensioning device. The electrode is also arranged to rotate, with only the electrode being advanced for eroding and the electrode guide remaining at a defined distance from the workpiece in the direction of advance. Thus, bores with a tolerance of + 1 μm can be produced according to the invention. In the method according to the invention, the electrode guide is preferably arranged in a rotating manner.

The electrode guide can preferably be pivoted by means of a pivoting device, so that the electrode guide and thus also the electrode emerging from the electrode guide is inclined to the axis of rotation. In this way, in particular, conical bores can be produced both with a protrusion and with a rear width in a rotating electrode guide. To drill holes with a

To produce the rear width, the electrode guide is displaced parallel to the axis of rotation of the electrode in such a way that the point of entry of the electrode on the workpiece, which was tilted by means of the swivel device, lies exactly on the axis of rotation of the electrode guide. If the electrode is now advanced, the rotating electrode is described as a conical movement, so that a conical bore with a rear width is produced, the central axis of the bore being located on the axis of rotation of the electrode guide. If a conical bore with a protrusion is to be produced, the electrode guide is displaced in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation in such a way that an entry position of the electrode in the workpiece is due to the large diameter of the bore (27) to be produced. Thus, according to the invention, e.g. conical bores with a back width of 0 to 100 μm to a depth of 1 mm with a straight surface line. It should be noted that the parallel displacement or the pivoting of the electrode guide can also be carried out by an automatic control and can also be changed during the machining process.

The invention is described below on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing. In the drawing is: Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of an eroding machine with an electrode guide according to the invention according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the electrode guide according to the invention shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is an enlarged side view of the electrode guide according to the first embodiment;

Figure 4 is a schematic representation of the invention

Electrode guide in the production of a hole with a rear width;

Figure 5 is a schematic representation of the invention

Electrode guide in the production of a bore with a lump;

FIG. 6 shows an enlarged side view of an electrode guide according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 shows an enlarged side view of an electrode guide according to a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and

Figure 8 is a plan view of an electrode guide according to the invention according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

A first exemplary embodiment of an electrode guide according to the invention according to a first exemplary embodiment is described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. As shown in FIG. 1, the electrode guide 1 according to the invention includes a holding part 2 and a pressing part 3. The pressing part 3 is pressed against the holding part 2 via a pretensioning device 6. A rotating electrode 4 in the form of a wire is guided between the holding part and the pressing part. The electrode 4 is driven by an electrode spindle 18.

A recess 25 is provided in the pressing part 3 (see FIG. 3), so that the electrode rests on the pressing part 3 only at its two ends. As can be seen from Figure 2, the holding part 2 has a groove-shaped recess 5, which is V-shaped in section and partially receives the electrode 4. Exactly three contact points are thus provided between the electrode guide 1 and the electrode 4.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 3, the pretensioning device 6 comprises a spring element 7, the spring force of which acts on the pressing part 3 via a fastening device 9. As a result, the electrode 4 is securely in the electrode guide

1 performed without a play of the electrode 4 in the electrode guide 1 is possible. The strength of the spring force can be adjusted using an adjusting screw 28. A screw 29 is used to fix the spring element.

As shown in Figure 3, a pivot device 10 is further provided. The pivoting device 10 comprises a first screw 12 and a second screw 13. By adjusting the screws, the electrode guide 1 can be pivoted about a pivot point 11. As a result, the electrode guide 1 can be inclined at a certain angle relative to the axis of rotation X-X of the electrode 4.

Furthermore, an alignment device 14 is provided, which is adjustable via four adjusting screws 24. For reasons of a simplified representation, only one adjusting screw 24 is shown in FIG. Via the alignment device 14 the electrode guide 1 can be moved parallel to the axis of rotation XX.

The electrode guide 1 is arranged in a rotary head 15 via the alignment device 14. The rotary head 15 is mounted in a bridge 17 by means of precision bearings 16. The bridge 17 is mounted with two guide rods via play-free ball guides 20 in the spindle of the eroding machine so that it can be displaced in the axial direction. The eroding spindle 18 drives the rotary head 15 via a driver 19. Thus, the electrode guide 1 also rotates at the same speed as the electrode 4. The electrode 4 can be clamped by means of an electrode clamp 23 and can thereby be pushed out of the electrode guide 1 stepwise or continuously in order to erode a bore in a workpiece 26.

To erode, the bridge 17 strikes an adjustable stop 21 which is arranged on a machine table 22. As a result, the distance between the electrode 4 and the workpiece 26 can be continuously adjusted in accordance with the requirements of the eroding process. To erode, the rotating electrode 4 is now advanced by means of the electrode clamp 23. The likewise rotating electrode guide 1 remains at a defined distance A from the workpiece 26 (cf. FIG. 1). When the electrode is pushed forward, the electrode clamp 23 does not influence the position of the electrode relative to the axis of rotation XX, so that the concentricity of the electrode 4 can be maintained with an accuracy of <1 μm by the electrode guide 1. Likewise, there is no influence on the electrode position during the eroding process due to the drive via the driver 19 by the uncoupled eroding spindle 18. In particular, micro-bores can be produced with the highest accuracy. Due to the rotating electrode 4, any existing minimal shape errors of the electrode 4 are not transferred to the bore shape, since the electrode rotates and thus improves the circular shape of the bore. It should be noted that the electrode guide 1 according to the invention also is suitable for standing electrodes and thus other hole shapes or recesses can also be produced, for example by means of profile electrodes.

Furthermore, conical bores and in particular conical bores with a rear width can also be produced by means of the electrode guide 1 according to the invention and the method according to the invention. In the case of conical bores with a rear width, the bore is designed such that the bore diameter increases with increasing depth of the bore.

Such a bore 27 with rear width is e.g. shown in Figure 4.

To produce the bore shown in FIG. 4 with the rear face, the electrode guide 1 is first pivoted about the pivot point 11 by means of the screws 12, 13 of the pivoting device 10. The extent of the pivoting movement depends on the type of taper desired. The electrode guide 1 is usually pivoted through an angle α of 0 ° to approximately 2 °. This will slightly bend the electrode wire. The electrode guide 1 is then moved parallel to the axis of rotation X-X by means of the alignment device 14. The electrode guide 1 is displaced parallel to the axis of rotation X-X until the point of entry of the electrode 4 into the workpiece 26 lies exactly on the original axis of rotation X-X (cf. FIG. 4). The electrode guide 1 thus rotates about the axis of rotation X-X, its tip being close to the axis of rotation. If the rotating electrode 4 is now advanced, it describes a movement on a conical jacket, as a result of which a conical bore 27 with a rear width is produced.

FIG. 5 shows the production of a bore with a forerunner. As in the production of a bore with a rear width, the electrode guide 1 is pivoted through an angle α and then moved parallel to the axis of rotation XX. In this case, however, the electrode guide 1 is shifted in parallel such that the entry point HS c

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Claims

claims 1. Electrode guide for an electrode (4) of an eroding machine, the electrode guide (1) comprising a holding part (2) and a pressing part (3), a groove-shaped recess (5) being formed in the holding part (2) or in the pressing part (3) the pressing part (3) is prestressed against the holding part (2) by means of a prestressing device (6) and the electrode (4) is arranged between the pressing part (3) and the holding part (2) and is guided without play. 2. Electrode guide according to claim 1, characterized in that a groove-shaped recess (5) is formed in the pressing part and in the holding part. 3. Electrode guide according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the groove-shaped recess (5) is V-shaped in section. 4. Electrode guide according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the biasing device (6) for pressing the pressing part (3) against the holding part (2) is designed as a spring element (7) or as a weight (8). 5. Electrode guide according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pressing force of the pressing part (3) is adjustable. 6. Electrode guide according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the electrode guide (1) is arranged rotating. 7. Electrode guide according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the electrode (4) rotating - ^ 3aτnιrgτ (e-.oιτr-Hdnnet ii Qsft- 8. Electrode guide according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the electrode guide (1) further comprises a pivoting device (10) to pivot the electrode guide. 9. Electrode guide according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an alignment device (14) is provided to move the electrode guide (1) parallel to an axis of rotation (X-X). 10. Electrode guide according to claim 9, characterized in that the alignment device (14) is arranged in a rotary head (15). 11. Electrode guide according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the pressing part (3) is formed in its central region towards the electrode (4) with a further recess (25). 12. Electrode guide according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the electrode guide is arranged in the rotary head (15) which is mounted in a bridge (17). 13. Electrode guide according to claim 12, characterized in that the bridge (17) is displaceably mounted in the spindle (18) of the eroding machine in the axial direction (X-X) via play-free ball guides (20). 14. Electrode guide according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that a stop (21) for limiting the feed of the bridge (17) is provided. 15. Electrode guide according to claim 14, characterized in that the stop (21) is arranged to be adjustable. 16. Electrode guide according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the rotary head (15) via a driver (19) is driven by the spindle (18). 17. Electrode guide according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the electrode guide (1) is made of an Al ₂ 0 ₃ ceramic or hard metal or steel. 18. Electrode guide according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the electrode guide is arranged axially between the spindle (18) and the workpiece (26) to be machined. 19. A method for eroding recesses (27), in particular micro bores, in workpieces (26) characterized by an electrode guide (1) comprising a holding part (2) and a pressing part (3), a groove-shaped recess (5) being provided in the holding part (2) and / or in the pressing part (3), an electrode (4) between the holding part (2) and the pressing part (3) is arranged and guided without play, the electrode (4) is arranged in a rotating manner and the pressing part (3) is pressed against the holding part (2) by means of a pretensioning device (6), only the being used for eroding Electrode (4) is advanced and the electrode guide (1) remains at a defined distance from the workpiece (26) in the direction of advance. 20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the electrode guide (1) is arranged rotating. 21. The method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the electrode guide (1) is arranged axially between a spindle (18) and the workpiece (26). 22. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the electrode guide (1) is pivoted by means of a pivoting device (10), so that the electrode guide is inclined to the axis of rotation (X-X). 23. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that the electrode guide (1) for producing conical bores can be displaced parallel to the axis of rotation (XX), so that an entry position of the electrode (4) into the workpiece (26) at the intersection of the axis of rotation (XX) with the workpiece (26) or at the large diameter of the bore (27) to be produced.