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EP1348907A1 - Method of minimizing the concentration of toxic organic substances in fly-ash - Google Patents

Method of minimizing the concentration of toxic organic substances in fly-ash Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1348907A1
EP1348907A1 EP03001177A EP03001177A EP1348907A1 EP 1348907 A1 EP1348907 A1 EP 1348907A1 EP 03001177 A EP03001177 A EP 03001177A EP 03001177 A EP03001177 A EP 03001177A EP 1348907 A1 EP1348907 A1 EP 1348907A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
return
fly ash
combustion
incinerator
exhaust gas
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Application number
EP03001177A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1348907B1 (en
Inventor
Johannes Martin
Oliver Dr. Gohlke
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Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/30—Solid combustion residues, e.g. bottom or flyash
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55003—Sensing for exhaust gas properties, e.g. O2 content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55005—Sensing ash or slag properties

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for minimizing the concentration of toxic organic pollutants in aeronautical dust from incineration plants, in particular waste incineration plants, at least at intervals Part of the dust generated in the incinerator is returned to the combustion process.
  • the toxic organic pollutants in the aerosols are in particular polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated Dibenzofurane (PCDF), precursor compounds, the is called precursor compounds of PCDD and PCDF such as e.g. Mono- and dichlorobenzene, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other compounds comparable in structure or effect.
  • PCDD polychlorinated dibenzodioxins
  • PCDF polychlorinated Dibenzofurane
  • precursor compounds of PCDD and PCDF such as e.g. Mono- and dichlorobenzene, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other compounds comparable in structure or effect.
  • PCDD polychlorinated dibenzodioxins
  • PCDF polychlorinated Dibenzofurane
  • precursor compounds such as e.g. Mono- and dichlorobenzene, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other compounds comparable
  • the object of the invention is the return of airborne dusts in the combustion process to control that as possible large proportion of precursors or other organic Pollutants destroyed and thus the amount of toxic organic Connections with the incinerator Leaving fly dusts is minimized.
  • This task is based on a method of the beginning explained type solved according to the invention that the return of fly ash depending on particular combustion conditions occur in which in increased levels of toxic organic pollutants such as PCDD and PCDF and / or precursor compounds, that is Precursor compounds of PCDD and PCDF arise.
  • toxic organic pollutants such as PCDD and PCDF and / or precursor compounds
  • Airborne dusts are deducted if due to special combustion conditions the possible minimized precursors or other toxic organic pollutants increasingly present are.
  • This is particularly important because precursor compounds on the contact surfaces of the Combustion process downstream steam generator, the a certain temperature, for example from 200 to 400 ° C exhibit, stick and especially in presence converted from copper, soot and chlorine to dioxins / furans become.
  • the conversion reaction may vary depending on the prevailing Temperature conditions and the concentration of acting as catalysts and reactants substances Copper, chlorine and soot within a few minutes all the way to a few hours.
  • the return of the flue dusts takes place as a function of the exhaust gas of the incinerator Measurands that are influenced by the combustion process become.
  • the concentration of carbon monoxide in normal combustion operation is about 5 to 20 mg / m 3, while a CO content of 100 mg / m 3 above would be regarded as a special combustion condition and would trigger intervention in the sense of the invention.
  • the temperature in the combustion chamber of the incineration plant can be used as one of the measured variables if it falls below 800 ° C. in about 6 to 10 meters above the main combustion zone.
  • the determination of the measured variables through an online analysis in the exhaust.
  • the return of the fly ash occurs as a function of a predetermined I-TEQ limit value.
  • the threshold value which defines the particular combustion conditions, could be chosen between 0.1 to 5 ng I-TEQ / m 3 exhaust gas.
  • gaseous and Particulate organic pollutants include and on Kesselende or held before the exhaust gas purification in the raw gas.
  • These are, for example, analysis methods described in the literature like the Resonance Enhanced Multiple Photon Ionization and Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS) suitable for direct online analysis of e.g. Allow monochlorobenzene.
  • REMPI-TOFMS Resonance Enhanced Multiple Photon Ionization and Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
  • Such an online measuring device can therefore also TEQ sensor to be named.
  • sensors can also be used according to the invention be used for other molecules or groups of substances, if the signal of these sensors is characteristic of the content toxic organic pollutants in the exhaust gas.
  • the return occurs the flying dust during a definable period of time after determining the particular combustion conditions.
  • experience plays a role here.
  • the return of the flue dust occurs during a period of 10 minutes to 6 hours after detection the special combustion conditions.
  • the Return period for the fly dust can also be dependent from the height of the measured according to claims 2 to 4 Measured variables are determined.
  • the invention advantageous if the fly dust in the Main temperature range of the incinerator returned become.
  • the return of flying dust after finding the particular Combustion conditions or during or after boiler cleaning follows, the above-mentioned disadvantageous Consequence avoided that the flying dust during this operating period stick on the boiler tubes and there the Precursors contained in the fly ash react to dioxins can.
  • the returns are not only subject to the won Flying dust, but also the dust conglomerates.
  • the boiler is cleaned by knocking, brushing or soot blowing.
  • the return of the downstream of the steam generator Filter systems obtained fly dust may additionally in According to the invention, if special combustion conditions be determined.
  • the boiler cleaning is in the normal cycle performed. This is often a time interval between two cleaning phases of about 4 hours scheduled. The then incurred airborne dusts are in the normal disposal route forwarded.
  • a Online raw gas measurement e.g. of a toxic organic Pollutant, of CO or a representative temperature in the Exhaust gas of the combustion carried out.
  • the usual boiler cleaning at normal intervals. The case Any received fly ash will be removed from the process for disposal discharged.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

Das Verfahren zum Minimieren der Konzentration an toxischen organischen Verbindungen in- den Flugstäuben von Verbrennungsanlagen besteht darin, dass bei Feststellung von besonderen Verbrennungsbedingungen, die zur Bildung von organischen Schadstoffen, insbesondere Dioxine/Furane und/oder Precursor-Verbindungen der Dioxine/Furane führen, die in der Verbrennungsanlage anfallenden Flugstäube wieder in den Verbrennungsprozess zur Zerstörung dieser Verbindungen zurückgeführt werden.

Figure 00000001
The method for minimizing the concentration of toxic organic compounds in airborne dusts of incineration plants is that upon detection of particular combustion conditions that lead to the formation of organic pollutants, in particular dioxins / furans and / or precursor compounds of the dioxins / furans, the In the incinerator incurred flue dusts are returned to the combustion process to destroy these compounds.
Figure 00000001

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Minimieren der Konzentration an toxischen organischen Schadstoffen in den Flugstäuben von Verbrennungsanlagen, insbesondere Abfallverbrennungsanlagen, bei denen in Zeitabständen zumindest ein Teil der in der Verbrennungsanlage anfallenden Flugstäube wieder dem Verbrennungsprozess zugeführt wird.The invention relates to a method for minimizing the concentration of toxic organic pollutants in aeronautical dust from incineration plants, in particular waste incineration plants, at least at intervals Part of the dust generated in the incinerator is returned to the combustion process.

Die toxischen organischen Schadstoffe in den Flugstäuben sind insbesondere Polychlorierte Dibenzodioxine (PCDD), Polychlorierte Dibenzofurane (PCDF), Precursor-Verbindungen, das heißt Vorläuferverbindungen der PCDD und PCDF wie z.B. Mono- und Dichlorbenzol, Polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB) und weitere in Struktur oder Wirkung vergleichbare Verbindungen. Diese organischen Schadstoffe werden in der Literatur sowie Emissionsgesetzgebung vielfach mit einem international angewendeten Toxizitätsäquivalent in ng pro kg Flugstaub (ng I-TEQ/kg) zusammenfassend beschrieben und quantifiziert. Der I-TEQ bezieht sich hierbei auf eine äquivalente Toxizität der Summe einer Vielzahl von organischen Schadstoffen zum Seveso - Dioxin 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin.The toxic organic pollutants in the aerosols are in particular polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated Dibenzofurane (PCDF), precursor compounds, the is called precursor compounds of PCDD and PCDF such as e.g. Mono- and dichlorobenzene, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other compounds comparable in structure or effect. These organic pollutants are used in the literature as well Emission legislation often with an internationally applied Toxicity equivalent in ng per kg of flue dust (ng I-TEQ / kg) summarized and quantified. Of the I-TEQ refers to an equivalent toxicity of the Sum of a variety of organic pollutants to Seveso Dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin.

Aus der EP 0 862 019 A1 ist es bekannt, zumindest einen Teil der aus der Verbrennungsanlage kommenden Flugstäube dem Hochtemperaturbereich der Verbrennungsanlage zurückzuführen, um eine Verglasung und eine Sinterung der Stäube herbeizuführen, damit die nach diesem Verfahren erhaltenen Produkte wieder der Rostasche zugegeben oder separat verwertet werden können. Die verbleibende Flugstaubmenge kann dadurch reduziert werden. Die Flugstäube werden durch Abreinigung des Kessels oder durch Abziehen aus den Filteranlagen erhalten und dann, bei Verwendung einer Rostfeuerung, dem Feuerraum der Verbrennungsanlage oberhalb des Brennbettes wieder zugeführt. Dieses Verfahren nimmt keine Rücksicht auf das Vorhandensein von toxischen Verbindungen, wie z.B. Dioxinen oder Precursoren.From EP 0 862 019 A1 it is known, at least a part the coming from the incinerator dust the High temperature range of the incinerator, to bring about glazing and sintering of the dusts, thus the products obtained by this process again added to the grate ash or recycled separately can be. The remaining amount of dust can thereby be reduced. The flue dusts are going through Cleaning the boiler or by removing from the Filter systems and then, when using a Grate firing, the firebox of the incinerator fed back above the fuel bed. This method takes no account of the presence of toxic Compounds, such as e.g. Dioxins or precursors.

Aus der DE 33 20 466 C3 ist ebenfalls bekannt, die Flugstäube in den Verbrennungsraum einer Verbrennungsanlage zurückzuführen. Hier werden die Flugstäube vor der Rückführung chemisch behandelt mit dem Ziel der Reduzierung der Schadstoffe außerhalb des Brennraumes der Verbrennungsanlage. Rückgeführt wird also eine schadstoffarme Fraktion der Flugstäube, die dann in einem Hochtemperaturprozess in die Schlacke eingebunden wird.From DE 33 20 466 C3 is also known, the fly ash in the combustion chamber of an incinerator due. Here are the dust particles in front of the Return chemically treated with the goal of Reduction of pollutants outside the combustion chamber of the Incinerator. Is returned so a Low-emission fraction of the flue dust, which is then in a High-temperature process is involved in the slag.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Rückführung von Flugstäuben in den Verbrennungsprozess so zu steuern, dass ein möglichst großer Anteil an Precursoren oder anderen organischen Schadstoffen zerstört und somit die Menge an toxischen organischen Verbindungen, die die Verbrennungsanlage mit den Flugstäuben verlassen, minimiert wird.The object of the invention is the return of airborne dusts in the combustion process to control that as possible large proportion of precursors or other organic Pollutants destroyed and thus the amount of toxic organic Connections with the incinerator Leaving fly dusts is minimized.

Diese Aufgabe wird ausgehend von einem Verfahren der eingangs erläuterten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Rückführung von Flugstäuben in Abhängigkeit von besonderen Verbrennungsbedingungen erfolgt, bei denen in erhöhtem Maße toxische organische Schadstoffe wie PCDD und PCDF und/oder Precursor-Verbindungen, das heißt Vorläuferverbindungen von PCDD und PCDF entstehen.This task is based on a method of the beginning explained type solved according to the invention that the return of fly ash depending on particular combustion conditions occur in which in increased levels of toxic organic pollutants such as PCDD and PCDF and / or precursor compounds, that is Precursor compounds of PCDD and PCDF arise.

Gemäß dieser Verfahrensweise werden immer dann gezielt Flugstäube abgezogen, wenn aufgrund besonderer Verbrennungsbedingungen die möglichst zu minimierenden Precursoren oder andere toxische organische Schadstoffe verstärkt vorhanden sind. Dies ist deshalb besonders wichtig, weil Precursor-Verbindungen auf den Berührungsheizflächen des dem Verbrennungsprozess nachgeschalteten Dampferzeugers, die eine bestimmte Temperatur, beispielsweise von 200 bis 400°C aufweisen, kleben bleiben und insbesondere bei Anwesenheit von Kupfer, Ruß und Chlor zu Dioxinen/Furanen umgewandelt werden. Die Umwandlungsreaktion kann je nach den vorherrschenden Temperaturbedingungen und der Konzentration der als Katalysatoren und Reaktionspartner wirkenden Stoffe Kupfer, Chlor und Ruß innerhalb einiger Minuten bis hin zu wenigen Stunden erfolgen.According to this procedure are always targeted Airborne dusts are deducted if due to special combustion conditions the possible minimized precursors or other toxic organic pollutants increasingly present are. This is particularly important because precursor compounds on the contact surfaces of the Combustion process downstream steam generator, the a certain temperature, for example from 200 to 400 ° C exhibit, stick and especially in presence converted from copper, soot and chlorine to dioxins / furans become. The conversion reaction may vary depending on the prevailing Temperature conditions and the concentration of acting as catalysts and reactants substances Copper, chlorine and soot within a few minutes all the way to a few hours.

In vorteilhafter Weise erfolgt die Rückführung der Flugstäube in Abhängigkeit von im Abgas der Verbrennungsanlage festgestellten Messgrößen, die von dem Verbrennungsprozess beeinflusst werden.Advantageously, the return of the flue dusts takes place as a function of the exhaust gas of the incinerator Measurands that are influenced by the combustion process become.

In besonders einfacher Weise kann als Messgrößen die Konzentration an Kohlenstoffmonoxid oder Sauerstoff im Abgas, der Luftüberschuss der Verbrennung oder die Temperatur im Verbrennungsraum dienen.In a particularly simple manner can be measured as the concentration at carbon monoxide or oxygen in the exhaust gas, the excess air of combustion or the temperature in the Serve combustion chamber.

Bei modernen Abfallverbrennungsanlagen beträgt die Konzentration an Kohlenstoffmonoxid im Normalbetrieb der Verbrennung ca. 5 bis 20 mg/m3, während ein CO-Gehalt von 100mg/m3 darüber als besondere Verbrennungsbedingung anzusehen wäre und ein Eingreifen im Sinne der Erfindung auslösen würde.In modern waste incineration plants, the concentration of carbon monoxide in normal combustion operation is about 5 to 20 mg / m 3, while a CO content of 100 mg / m 3 above would be regarded as a special combustion condition and would trigger intervention in the sense of the invention.

Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, den Sauerstoffgehalt in den Abgasen als eine der Messgrößen heranzuziehen, und zwar insbesondere dann, wenn bei Abfallverbrennungsanlagen der Sauerstoffgehalt unter 5 Vol.-% O2 oder bei der Messung des Luftüberschusses der Luftüberschussfaktor der Verbrennung unter λ=1,4 fällt. Ebenso kann als eine der Messgrößen die Temperatur im Brennraum der Verbrennungsanlage herangezogen werden, wenn diese unter 800°C gemessen in ca. 6 bis 10 Meter Höhe oberhalb der Hauptverbrennungszone fällt.Furthermore, it is advantageous to use the oxygen content in the exhaust gases as one of the measured variables, in particular if in waste incineration plants, the oxygen content below 5 vol .-% O 2 or in the measurement of excess air, the excess air factor of combustion below λ = 1.4 falls. Likewise, the temperature in the combustion chamber of the incineration plant can be used as one of the measured variables if it falls below 800 ° C. in about 6 to 10 meters above the main combustion zone.

In vorteilhafter Weise kann in Weiterbildung der Erfindung die Rückführung der Flugstäube in Abhängigkeit von im Abgas der Verbrennungsanlage festgestellten organischen Schadstoffen, insbesondere PCDD/PCDF und deren Precursoren, erfolgen.Advantageously, in a further development of the invention Return of the fly ash depending on the exhaust of the Incinerator identified organic pollutants, especially PCDD / PCDF and their precursors.

In vorteilhafter Weise erfolgt die Feststellung der Messgrößen durch eine Online-Analyse im Abgas.Advantageously, the determination of the measured variables through an online analysis in the exhaust.

Insbesondere erfolgt die Rückführung der Flugstäube in Abhängigkeit eines vorgegebenen I-TEQ-Grenzwertes. Dabei könnte der Schwellenwert, der die besonderen Verbrennungsbedingungen definiert, zwischen 0,1 bis 5 ng I-TEQ/m3 Abgas gewählt werden.In particular, the return of the fly ash occurs as a function of a predetermined I-TEQ limit value. The threshold value, which defines the particular combustion conditions, could be chosen between 0.1 to 5 ng I-TEQ / m 3 exhaust gas.

Diese Messung wird bevorzugt sowohl gasförmige als auch partikelgebundene organische Schadstoffe umfassen und am Kesselende bzw. vor der Abgasreinigung im Rohgas stattfinden. Hierzu sind beispielsweise in der Literatur beschriebene Analysemethoden wie die Resonance Enhanced Multiple Photon Ionization and Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS) geeignet, die eine direkte Online Analyse von z.B. Monchlorbenzol ermöglichen. Dabei zeigen Erfahrungswerte, daß Monochlorbenzol sehr gut zum I-TEQ im Abgas korreliert. Ein solches Online Messgerät kann deshalb auch TEQ-Sensor genannt werden. Erfindungsgemäß können jedoch auch Sensoren für andere Moleküle oder Stoffgruppen eingesetzt werden, wenn das Signal dieser Sensoren charakteristisch mit dem Gehalt toxischer organischer Schadstoffe im Abgas korreliert.This measurement is preferred both gaseous and Particulate organic pollutants include and on Kesselende or held before the exhaust gas purification in the raw gas. These are, for example, analysis methods described in the literature like the Resonance Enhanced Multiple Photon Ionization and Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS) suitable for direct online analysis of e.g. Allow monochlorobenzene. Here are empirical values, that monochlorobenzene correlates very well with the I-TEQ in the exhaust gas. Such an online measuring device can therefore also TEQ sensor to be named. However, sensors can also be used according to the invention be used for other molecules or groups of substances, if the signal of these sensors is characteristic of the content toxic organic pollutants in the exhaust gas.

In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung erfolgt die Rückführung der Flugstäube während einer festlegbaren Zeitspanne nach der Feststellung der besonderen Verbrennungsbedingungen. Hier spielen insbesondere Erfahrungswerte eine Rolle. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the return occurs the flying dust during a definable period of time after determining the particular combustion conditions. In particular, experience plays a role here.

Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Rückführung der Flugstäube während einer Zeitspanne von 10 Minuten bis 6 Stunden nach der Feststellung der besonderen Verbrennungsbedingungen. Die Rückführungsdauer für die Flugstäube kann auch in Abhängigkeit von der Höhe der gemäß den Ansprüchen 2 bis 4 gemessenen Messgrößen festgelegt werden.Preferably, the return of the flue dust occurs during a period of 10 minutes to 6 hours after detection the special combustion conditions. The Return period for the fly dust can also be dependent from the height of the measured according to claims 2 to 4 Measured variables are determined.

Wenn zur Bestimmung der besonderen Verbrennungsbedingungen Analysegeräte eingesetzt werden, die eine rasche Ermittlung des Messwertes ermöglichen (wie dies bei den vorstehend genannten Messtechniken und Messgrößen der Fall ist), dann ist es in weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung zweckmäßig, die Rückführungsdauer für die Flugstäube in Abhängigkeit von der Höhe des gemessenen Wertes festzulegen. Eine deutliche Überschreitung des vorgegebenen Schwellenwertes würde demgemäß eine längere Rückführungszeit bedingen als eine geringe Überschreitung.When to determine the particular combustion conditions Analyzers are used, providing a rapid identification allow the measured value (as in the above the measuring techniques and variables mentioned above are the case), then it is useful in a further embodiment of the invention, the return period for the fly ash depending on from the height of the measured value. A significant exceeding of the given threshold value would accordingly require a longer return time than a slight overrun.

Um eine sichere Vernichtung der toxischen, organischen Verbindungen oder der Precursoren zu erreichen, ist es in Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorteilhaft, wenn die Flugstäube in den Haupttemperaturbereich der Verbrennungsanlage zurückgeführt werden.To ensure safe destruction of toxic, organic compounds or to reach the precursors, it is in further education the invention advantageous if the fly dust in the Main temperature range of the incinerator returned become.

Bei Verwendung einer Rostfeuerung als Verbrennungsanlage kann in vorteilhafter Weise die Rückführung der Flugstäube auf das Brennbett der Hauptbrennzone erfolgen.When using a grate firing as an incinerator can advantageously return the fly ash take place on the fuel bed of the main combustion zone.

Wenn in weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die Rückführung der Flugstäube nach Feststellung der besonderen Verbrennungsbedingungen oder während oder nach einer Kesselreinigung folgt, so wird die weiter oben erwähnte nachteilige Folge vermieden, dass die Flugstäube während dieser Betriebsperiode auf den Kesselrohren kleben bleiben und dort die in den Flugstäuben enthaltenen Precursoren zu Dioxinen reagieren können. Der Rückführung unterliegen nicht nur die gewonnenen Flugstäube, sondern auch die gewonnenen Staubkonglomerate.If, in a further embodiment of the invention, the return of flying dust after finding the particular Combustion conditions or during or after boiler cleaning follows, the above-mentioned disadvantageous Consequence avoided that the flying dust during this operating period stick on the boiler tubes and there the Precursors contained in the fly ash react to dioxins can. The returns are not only subject to the won Flying dust, but also the dust conglomerates.

Die Kesselreinigung erfolgt durch Klopfen, Bürsten oder Rußblasen.The boiler is cleaned by knocking, brushing or soot blowing.

Es empfiehlt sich, dass gemeinsam mit den gemäß den Ansprüchen 13 bis 15 erhaltenen Flugstäuben, diejenigen Flugstäube rückgeführt werden, die in einer dem Dampferzeuger nachgeschalteten Abgasreinigungsanlage anfallen. Diese Maßnahme erfolgt dann, wenn besondere Verbrennungsbedingungen festgestellt werden.It is recommended that together with the according to the claims 13 to 15 airborne dusts, those airborne dusts be recycled, in a steam generator incurred downstream emission control system. This measure occurs when special combustion conditions be determined.

Die Rückführung der in den dem Dampferzeuger nachgeschalteten Filteranlagen gewonnenen Flugstäube kann zusätzlich in erfindungsgemäßer Weise erfolgen, wenn besondere Verbrennungsbedingungen festgestellt werden.The return of the downstream of the steam generator Filter systems obtained fly dust may additionally in According to the invention, if special combustion conditions be determined.

Selbstverständlich wird der Betreiber einer Verbrennungsanlage immer zusätzlich bemüht sein, die besonderen Verbrennungsbedingungen durch geeignete Maßnahmen schnellstmöglich wieder zu beheben, falls dies nicht automatisch z.B. durch die Verbrennungsregelung erfolgt.Of course, the operator of a combustion plant always make an additional effort to the particular combustion conditions by suitable measures as fast as possible if this does not happen automatically, e.g. by the combustion control takes place.

Für den Fall, dass keine Störungen des Verbrennungsablaufs und somit auch keine besonderen Verbrennungsbedingungen feststellbar sind, wird die Kesselreinigung im normalen Zyklus vorgenommen. Dabei wird häufig ein Zeitabstand zwischen zwei Reinigungsphasen von etwa 4 Stunden angesetzt. Die dann anfallenden Flugstäube werden in den normalen Entsorgungsweg weitergeleitet. In the event that no disturbances of the combustion process and thus no special combustion conditions are detectable, the boiler cleaning is in the normal cycle performed. This is often a time interval between two cleaning phases of about 4 hours scheduled. The then incurred airborne dusts are in the normal disposal route forwarded.

Das aufgezeigte Flußdiagramm dient zur beispielsweisen zusammenfassenden Erläuterung der erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahme.The flowchart shown serves for example summary explanation of the measure according to the invention.

Wie aus diesem Flußdiagramm ersichtlich, wird zunächst eine Online-Rohgas-Messung z.B. eines toxischen organischen Schadstoffs, von CO oder einer repräsentativen Temperatur im Abgas der Verbrennung durchgeführt. Werden dabei besondere Verbrennungsbedingungen durch eine erhöhte Konzentration an organischen Schadstoffen, CO oder eine starke Abweichung der Temperatur vom Sollwert festgestellt, so wird ab einer vorher festgelegten Überschreitung oder Abweichung eine Kesselreinigung mittels Klopfen, Bürsten oder Rußblasen durchgeführt und die dabei erhaltenen Flugstäube bzw. Flugaschen in die Verbrennungsanlage zurückgeführt. Wird dagegen keine Störung festgestellt, d.h. es liegen keine besonderen Verbrennungsbedingungen vor, so erfolgt die übliche Kesselreinigung in normalen Zeitabständen. Die dabei erhaltene Flugasche wird zur Entsorgung aus dem Prozess ausgeschleust.As can be seen from this flow chart, a Online raw gas measurement e.g. of a toxic organic Pollutant, of CO or a representative temperature in the Exhaust gas of the combustion carried out. Be special Combustion conditions due to an increased concentration of organic pollutants, CO or a strong deviation the temperature is determined by the setpoint, it will start from one predetermined excess or deviation Boiler cleaning by tapping, brushing or soot blowing carried out and the flue dust or Fly ash returned to the incinerator. Becomes whereas no disturbance is detected, i. there are none special combustion conditions, then the usual boiler cleaning at normal intervals. The case Any received fly ash will be removed from the process for disposal discharged.

Claims (16)

Verfahren zum Minimieren der Konzentration an toxischen organischen Verbindungen in den Flugstäuben von Verbrennungsanlagen, insbesondere Abfallverbrennungsanlagen, bei denen in Zeitabständen zumindest ein Teil der in der Verbrennungsanlage anfallenden Flugstäube wieder der Verbrennungsanlage zugeführt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückführung von Flugstäuben in Abhängigkeit von besonderen Verbrennungsbedingungen erfolgt, bei denen in erhöhtem Maße toxische organische Schadstoffe wie PCDD/PCDF und/oder Precursor-Verbindungen, d.h. Vorläuferverbindungen von PCDD und PCDF entstehen.A method for minimizing the concentration of toxic organic compounds in the flue dust of incinerators, in particular waste incineration plants in which at least a portion of the flue gas produced in the incinerator are returned to the incinerator at intervals, characterized in that the return of flue dust depending on particular combustion conditions takes place, in which to a greater extent toxic organic pollutants such as PCDD / PCDF and / or precursor compounds, ie precursor compounds of PCDD and PCDF arise. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückführung der Flugstäube in Abhängigkeit von im Abgas der Verbrennungsanlage festgestellten Messgrößen erfolgt, die von dem Verbrennungsprozess beeinflusst werden.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the return of the fly ash takes place as a function of determined in the exhaust gas of the incinerator measured variables, which are influenced by the combustion process. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Messgrößen Konzentration an Kohlenstoffmonoxid oder Sauerstoff im Abgas, der Luftüberschuss der Verbrennung oder die Temperatur im Verbrennungsraum dienen.A method according to claim 2, characterized in that serve as measured quantities concentration of carbon monoxide or oxygen in the exhaust gas, the excess air of the combustion or the temperature in the combustion chamber. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückführung der Flugstäube in Abhängigkeit von im Abgas der Verbrennungsanlage festgestellten organischen Schadstoffe, insbesondere PCDD/PCDF und deren Precursoren erfolgt.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the return of the fly ash in dependence on detected in the exhaust gas of the incinerator organic pollutants, in particular PCDD / PCDF and their precursors. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Feststellung der Messgrößen durch ein Online-Analyse im Abgas erfolgt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the determination of the measured variables is carried out by an online analysis in the exhaust gas. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückführung der Flugstäube in Abhängigkeit eines vorgegebenen I-TEQ-Grenzwertes erfolgt.A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the return of the fly ash takes place in dependence on a predetermined I-TEQ limit value. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der I-TEQ-Grenzwert zwischen 0,1 bis 5 ng I-TEQ/m3 Abgas gewählt wird.A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the I-TEQ limit value between 0.1 to 5 ng I-TEQ / m 3 exhaust gas is selected. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückführung der Flugstäube während einer festlegbaren Zeitspanne nach der Feststellung der besonderen Verbrennungsbedingungen erfolgt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the return of the fly ash takes place during a definable period of time after the determination of the particular combustion conditions. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückführung der Flugstäube während einer Zeitspanne von 10 Minuten bis 6 Stunden nach der Feststellung der besonderen Verbrennungsbedingungen erfolgt.A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the return of the fly ash occurs during a period of 10 minutes to 6 hours after the determination of the particular combustion conditions. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückführungsdauer für die Flugstäube in Abhängigkeit von der Höhe der gemäß den Ansprüchen 2 bis 4 gemessenen Messgrößen festgelegt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the return time for the fly ash is determined depending on the height of the measured according to claims 2 to 4 measured variables. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flugstäube in den Haupttemperaturbereich der Verbrennungsanlage zurückgeführt werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the flue dusts are returned to the main temperature range of the incinerator. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Verwendung einer Rostfeuerung als Verbrennungsanlage die Rückführung der Flugstäube auf das Brennbett der Hauptbrennzone erfolgt.A method according to claim 11, characterized in that when using a grate furnace as a combustion system, the return of the fly ash is carried out on the fuel bed of the main combustion zone. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückführung der Flugstäube nach Feststellung der besonderen Verbrennungsbedingungen erfolgt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the return of the fly ash takes place after determining the particular combustion conditions. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückführung der Flugstäube während oder nach einer Kesselreinigung erfolgt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the return of the fly ash occurs during or after a boiler cleaning. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kesselreinigung durch Klopfen, Bürsten oder Rußblasen erfolgt.A method according to claim 14, characterized in that the boiler cleaning is done by tapping, brushing or Rußblasen. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass - gemeinsam mit den gemäß Ansprüchen 13 bis 15 erhaltenen Flugstäuben - diejenigen Flugstäube rückgeführt werden, die in einer dem Dampferzeuger nachgeschalteten Abgasreinigungsanlage anfallen.Method according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that - in common with the received according to claims 13 to 15 airborne dusts - those flue dusts are recovered, which are incurred in a downstream of the steam generator exhaust purification system.
EP03001177A 2002-03-27 2003-01-21 Method of minimizing the concentration of toxic organic substances in fly-ash Expired - Lifetime EP1348907B1 (en)

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RU2005141462A (en) 2007-07-10
BR0300822A (en) 2004-08-17
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KR100530725B1 (en) 2005-11-23
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US6986312B2 (en) 2006-01-17
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PL359319A1 (en) 2003-10-06
MY134269A (en) 2007-11-30
TW200305702A (en) 2003-11-01
BR0300822B1 (en) 2011-06-28
CA2423452A1 (en) 2003-09-27
DE50300354D1 (en) 2005-04-21
JP3825410B2 (en) 2006-09-27
JP2003322322A (en) 2003-11-14
DK1348907T3 (en) 2005-06-06
KR20030077975A (en) 2003-10-04
DE10213787C1 (en) 2003-11-27
PL196283B1 (en) 2007-12-31
US20030213417A1 (en) 2003-11-20
HK1057601A1 (en) 2004-04-08
ATE291200T1 (en) 2005-04-15
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