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EP1342039B1 - A vacuum-breaking valve for a refrigerated compartment - Google Patents

A vacuum-breaking valve for a refrigerated compartment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1342039B1
EP1342039B1 EP01913411A EP01913411A EP1342039B1 EP 1342039 B1 EP1342039 B1 EP 1342039B1 EP 01913411 A EP01913411 A EP 01913411A EP 01913411 A EP01913411 A EP 01913411A EP 1342039 B1 EP1342039 B1 EP 1342039B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slide
valve
valve seat
end portion
tubular body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01913411A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1342039A1 (en
Inventor
Jacqueline Lampert Bellini
Guido Garcia Bernardelli
Juarez Medeiros De Souza
Edson Adriano Da Silva
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Whirlpool SA
Original Assignee
Multibras SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Multibras SA filed Critical Multibras SA
Publication of EP1342039A1 publication Critical patent/EP1342039A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1342039B1 publication Critical patent/EP1342039B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F25D17/042—Air treating means within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/047—Pressure equalising devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/7904—Reciprocating valves
    • Y10T137/7908—Weight biased
    • Y10T137/7909—Valve body is the weight
    • Y10T137/7913—Guided head
    • Y10T137/7915—Guide stem
    • Y10T137/7918—Head slidable on guide rod
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/7904—Reciprocating valves
    • Y10T137/7922—Spring biased
    • Y10T137/7929—Spring coaxial with valve
    • Y10T137/7931—Spring in inlet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/7904—Reciprocating valves
    • Y10T137/7922—Spring biased
    • Y10T137/7929—Spring coaxial with valve
    • Y10T137/7932—Valve stem extends through fixed spring abutment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/7904—Reciprocating valves
    • Y10T137/7922—Spring biased
    • Y10T137/7929—Spring coaxial with valve
    • Y10T137/7935—Head slides on guide-rod concentric with spring

Definitions

  • the constructive arrangement of the seal suggested in the prior art uses the force of gravity to keep the seal, in the form of a sphere, seated on the valve seat, sealing the fluid communication between the inside and the outside of the cabinet.
  • the slide 20 takes the form of an elongated prismatic body having a cross-section similar to and slightly smaller than the cross-section of the valve seat 15, preferably cylindrical, said slide having a closed end portion 21 and an opposite end portion 22, which are interconnected by a peripheral lateral contour 23.
  • the slide 20 is tubular, with the opposite end portion 22 opened and with the peripheral lateral contour 23 provided with at least one window 24, which defines, with the hollow interior and the open opposite end portion 22, an air passage, whose function will be described below.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Details Of Valves (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Cold Air Circulating Systems And Constructional Details In Refrigerators (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Self-Closing Valves And Venting Or Aerating Valves (AREA)
  • Check Valves (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)

Description

Field of the Invention
The present invention refers to a vacuum - breaking valve according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a vacuum - breaking valve is known from document US 5836170 and is to be used in refrigeration appliances in general, such as vertical freezers and refrigerators combined with a freezing compartment, in order to increase the internal pressure inside these appliances and facilitate the reopening of the door.
Background of the Invention
In refrigeration appliances, such as vertical freezers and refrigerators combined with a freezing compartment which have, inside a cabinet G, at least one compartment, which is hermetically closed with good sealing and thermically insulated and inside which the temperature is lower than the temperature of the surrounding external environment, there is observed an undesired effect which tends to make difficult the immediate reopening of the door of said refrigeration appliance after it has been opened and closed.
This phenomenon is due to the decrease in the pressure of the air mass admitted to the inside of the refrigerated compartment upon the opening of the door, which is inherent to the decrease in temperature of said air mass after the closing of the door, producing an unbalance between the internal pressure, which is lower, and the external pressure, which is higher.
As a result, a strong vacuum is produced inside the cabinet, resulting in a force on the door acting to keep it closed, and consequently making difficult the immediate reopening thereof. At present, it is recommended that the user wait a few minutes before reopening the door.
In order to overcome this problem and allow users to reopen the cabinet door immediately after its closing and with less effort, a device known as vacuum-breaking valve is used, whose function is to promote the equalization of the internal and external pressures. This valve is comprised of a generally cylindrical and rectilinear tubular body, which crosses one of the walls of the cabinet G of the refrigeration appliance, in order to promote a fluid communication between the inside and the outside thereof and to allow, in certain occasions (notably when the internal pressure is lower than the external pressure), the external air to enter the cabinet, thus increasing the internal pressure until it becomes close to the external pressure, represented by the atmospheric pressure. The tubular body is open on its inner side and has on its outer side a sealing system consisting of a movable seal, which is activated by gravity and is movable between a sealing position when in rest, seated on a valve seat and promoting the sealing of the air passage, and a spaced position, when it is maintained suspended and spaced from the valve seat, due to the difference between the external and internal pressures of the cabinet, thus enabling the air flow to the inside thereof.
The tubular body of the valve may be formed of a thermically conductive material, having its outer end arranged in order to define a heat collector to collect thermal radiation coming from a heat source available in the refrigeration appliance and which can be defined by the compressor. This construction allows the tubular body of the valve to be kept warm enough to prevent ice formation therein, due to the condensation of the air that enters when the valve is open, without interfering with the cooling inside the cabinet. This construction is described in the patent application BR PI0001249-1, of the same applicant.
While operating adequately, mainly when the tubular body of the valve is built of a material with good thermal conductivity and is kept slightly heated, the constructive arrangement of the seal suggested in the prior art uses the force of gravity to keep the seal, in the form of a sphere, seated on the valve seat, sealing the fluid communication between the inside and the outside of the cabinet.
Due to the fact that the seal is gravitationally and vertically displaced between a closed position, seated on the valve seat, and an open position, elevated in relation to the valve seat by action of the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet ends of the tubular body, it should be built in order to be light enough to be suspended by the "vacuum" formed inside the cabinet, particularly when the user starts the movement of reopening the door immediately after a closing thereof.
The construction of the usual spherical seal with a light spherical body is relatively costly and complex, besides allowing surface irregularities, such as barbs, to be formed on the spherical body of the seal. The low weight of these seals and the presence of surface irregularities thereon makes little efficient the closing of the valve seat only by the gravitational seating of a very light and small sphere against the sealing seat of the valve. On the other hand, the use of a heavier seal would make impracticable its upward displacement by pressure difference.
Therefore, in these known solutions, the construction of the seal is determined by the weight limitations, which weight should also be determined so that the valve only opens when the user starts a door reopening, in order to avoid that the presence of the pressure difference after each closing of the door causes the opening of the valve and the admission of external humid air inside the cabinet, even without an immediate reopening of the door. The adequate operation of the valve thus depends on the weight of the seal and the precision of its finishing, even if the limit weight is insufficient to promote an efficient sealing in the closed valve condition.
An inadequate sealing of the valve seat allows the occurrence of a flow of external humid air to the inside of the cabinet any time the internal pressure thereof is lower than the external pressure, causing undue ice formation inside the refrigerated compartment.
Objective of the Invention
It is the object of the present invention to provide a vacuum-breaking valve for refrigerated compartments of simple construction and reliable operation, which allows the admission of external air to the inside of the cabinet to which it is installed only when the cabinet door is reopened by the user, immediately after a previous closing, assuring a high degree of sealing when in a closed position.
Disclosure of the Invention
The objective above is achieved with the provision of a vacuum-breaking valve having the features defined in claim 1.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The invention will be described below, with reference to the appended drawing, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a rather schematic representation of a vertical longitudinal section of the vacuum-breaking valve of the present invention in the closed position and installed through a wall of a refrigerated cabinet;
  • Figure 2 is a view similar to that of Figure 1, illustrating the valve in the open condition.
    • Best Mode of Carrying Out the Invention
    As mentioned above, the present vacuum-breaking valve is of the type comprising a tubular body 10, which is preferably cylindrical and formed of a thermically conductive material, mounted through one of the walls P of a refrigerated cabinet G, closed by a door (not illustrated) to be operated by the user.
    The tubular body 1 has an inner end 11 open to the inside of cabinet G and an outer end 12 open to the outside of the cabinet and preferably arranged in order to define a collector for the heat irradiated by the compressor of the refrigeration system or by any other heat source available to the refrigeration appliance.
    Inside the outer end 12 of the tubular body 10 a valve seat 15 is incorporated, defining a generally circular opening in order to establish fluid communication between the inside and the outside of cabinet G through the tubular body 10.
    In the illustrated embodiment, the valve seat 15 is defined by an annular flange internally incorporated in an elongated portion 13 of the outer end 12 of the tubular body 10, which elongated portion 13 coaxially projects from the outer face of the wall P of cabinet G and may present a contour that is geometrically equal to, similar to or different from the rest of the tubular body 10 and may be constructed as a separate piece.
    The vacuum-breaking valve further comprises a seal in the form of a slide 20, which is axially and slidingly mounted through a valve seat 15 so that it may be displaced between a closed position, in which it blocks the valve seat 15 and the fluid communication between the inside and the outside of cabinet G, and an open position, allowing the establishment of said fluid communication through the valve seat 15.
    In the illustrative configuration shown in the drawings, the slide 20 takes the form of an elongated prismatic body having a cross-section similar to and slightly smaller than the cross-section of the valve seat 15, preferably cylindrical, said slide having a closed end portion 21 and an opposite end portion 22, which are interconnected by a peripheral lateral contour 23. In the illustrated construction, the slide 20 is tubular, with the opposite end portion 22 opened and with the peripheral lateral contour 23 provided with at least one window 24, which defines, with the hollow interior and the open opposite end portion 22, an air passage, whose function will be described below.
    The slide 20 carries, externally, on its closed end portion 21, a surrounding sealing ring 25 located downstream the valve seat 15 and seated against the latter when the slide 20 is displaced to the closed seal position, blocking the fluid communication between the inside and the outside of cabinet G. The sealing ring 25 is preferably built of an elastomer, in order to facilitate the achievement of a high level of tightness at the interfaces thereof with the slide 20 to which it is mounted and with the valve seat 15 when seated thereon.
    The positioning of the valve seat 15 and sealing ring 25 on the respective parts that carry them is made in order that, when the slide 20 is in the closed seal position, with the sealing ring 25 seated against the valve seat 15, the opposite end portion 22 of the slide 20 remains markedly projected outwardly from the tubular body 10.
    In order that the slide 20 be constantly biased towards the closed seal position (figure 1), a spring 30 is provided around the slide 20 and upstream the sealing ring 25 and has an end seated against a stop 22a incorporated to the opposite end portion 22 of the slide 20 and the other end seated against the outer end 12 of the tubular body 10.
    The spring 30 is dimensioned to be compressed, allowing the displacement of the slide 20 towards the tubular body 10, spacing the sealing ring 25 from the valve seat 15 and opening the valve when a reopening of the cabinet door is started immediately after a previous closing.
    The spring 30 is dimensioned to yield only upon the sudden increase of the level of "vacuum" or of the sub-pressure present in cabinet G soon after the closing of the door, when the user starts an immediate reopening. If the door is not reopened, the sub-pressure level present soon after a closing of the door is not sufficient to provide, on the slide 20, enough axial force to compress the spring 30. While only one embodiment of the vacuum-breaking valve has been illustrated, it should be understood that modifications could be made within the same constructive concept disclosed herein. For example, the slide 20 is not necessarily tubular, since each air passage may be formed by a respective longitudinal groove provided on the lateral peripheral contour 23 of the slide 20, upstream the sealing ring 25. The spring 30 may also take different forms, as long as it assures the closing of the valve during the usual operation of cabinet G, allowing its opening only when a reopening of the door is started immediately after being closed.
    When the slide 20 is displaced towards the open seal position, each window 24 occupies a position at least partially located downstream the valve seat 15 (figure 2), establishing a fluid communication between the inside and the outside of cabinet G through the tubular body 10,valve seat 15 and each air passage 24, 22 provided on the slide 20.
    The constructive arrangement described above allows the door to be easily reopened by the user, without the need of additional effort or special handles for increased manual grip, besides allowing an efficient sealing of the valve when in the closed position.

    Claims (8)

    1. A vacuum-breaking valve for a refrigerated cabinet closed by a door operated by the user, said valve comprising: a tubular body (10) mountable through one of the walls (P) of the cabinet (G) and having inner (11) and outer (12) ends, which when mounted are respectively opened to the inside and to the outside of cabinet (G); a valve seat (15) provided on the outer end (12) of the tubular body (10) and able to define a fluid communication between the inside and the outside of the cabinet; and a seal mounted to the tubular body (10) and constantly biased towards a closed position, in which it is seated against said valve seat (15), blocking the latter, and displaceable towards an open position, spaced from the valve seat (15), opening the latter, the seal comprising a slide (20), which is axially and slidingly mounted through the valve seat (15) and has a closed end portion (21) and an opposite end portion (22), characterized in that the closed end portion (21) and the opposite end portion (22) are interconnected by a peripheral lateral contour (23) carrying a surrounding sealing ring (25), which is seated against the valve seat (15) when the slide (20) is displaced to the closed seal position and which is spaced away from the valve seat (15) when the slide (20) is displaced to the open seal position, the slide (20) being provided with at least one air passage (24) connecting the opposite end portion (22) of the slide (20) with a region of the lateral peripheral contour (23) located between said opposite end portion (22) and the sealing ring (25), said air passage (24) being upstream the valve seat (15) when the slide (20) is in the closed seal position and interconnecting the upstream and downstream sides of the valve seat (15) when the slide (20) is in the open seal position.
    2. Valve, according to claim 1, characterized in that the slide (20) is constantly biased towards the closed seal position by action of a spring (30) with its ends respectively acting against the opposite end portion (22) of the slide (20) and the outer end (12) of the tubular body (10).
    3. Valve, according to claim 2, characterized in that the spring (30) is provided around the peripheral lateral contour (23) of the slide (20) upstream the sealing ring (25).
    4. Valve, according to claim 1, characterized in that the slide (20) has a cross-section similar to and slightly smaller than the cross-section of the valve seat (15).
    5. Valve, according to claim 4, characterized in that the slide (20) has a tubular shape, with the opposite end portion (22) axially opened, each air passage being defined by a window (24) provided on the peripheral lateral contour (23), connecting the latter with the open opposite end portion (22) of the slide (20).
    6. Valve, according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve seat (15) is defined by an annular flange internally incorporated in an elongated portion (13) of the outer end (12) of the tubular body (10).
    7. Valve, according to claim 6, characterized in that the elongated portion (13) is coaxial to the tubular body (10).
    8. Valve, according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing ring (25) is an elastomer.
    EP01913411A 2000-12-11 2001-03-15 A vacuum-breaking valve for a refrigerated compartment Expired - Lifetime EP1342039B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    BR0006442 2000-12-11
    BR0006442-4A BR0006442A (en) 2000-12-11 2000-12-11 Vacuum break valve for refrigerated cabinet
    PCT/BR2001/000025 WO2002048626A1 (en) 2000-12-11 2001-03-15 A vacuum-breaking valve for a refrigerated compartment

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1342039A1 EP1342039A1 (en) 2003-09-10
    EP1342039B1 true EP1342039B1 (en) 2005-11-09

    Family

    ID=3946063

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP01913411A Expired - Lifetime EP1342039B1 (en) 2000-12-11 2001-03-15 A vacuum-breaking valve for a refrigerated compartment

    Country Status (11)

    Country Link
    US (1) US7107780B2 (en)
    EP (1) EP1342039B1 (en)
    AR (1) AR031498A1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE309511T1 (en)
    AU (1) AU3904001A (en)
    BR (1) BR0006442A (en)
    DE (1) DE60114875T2 (en)
    ES (1) ES2251466T3 (en)
    MX (1) MXPA02008318A (en)
    UY (1) UY27025A1 (en)
    WO (1) WO2002048626A1 (en)

    Cited By (1)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    CN103438653A (en) * 2013-09-12 2013-12-11 合肥美的电冰箱有限公司 Refrigerator

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    TWM392286U (en) * 2010-05-03 2010-11-11 Rebecca Lin Internat Corp Checking unit and fluid unidirectional flow control valve having the same
    DE102005021587A1 (en) * 2005-05-10 2006-11-16 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Refrigeration appliance and operating method for it
    US7340916B2 (en) * 2005-11-17 2008-03-11 Kim Brian S Pressure equalizing device for refrigerators
    DE202006013229U1 (en) * 2006-08-29 2006-10-26 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Cooling device e.g. refrigerator/freezer, has opening parallel to pressure balancing valve, where conductance of housing is smaller than that of valve in penetrable direction and larger than leakage conductance of valve in closing direction
    WO2010039800A2 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-08 Thermo Fisher Scientific (Asheville) Llc Frost reduction by active circulation
    IT1395269B1 (en) * 2009-08-05 2012-09-05 Indesit Co Spa COMPENSATING VALVE FOR COOLING APPLIANCES, IN PARTICULAR REFRIGERATORS OR FREEZERS
    KR101923475B1 (en) * 2012-06-26 2019-02-22 엘지전자 주식회사 A device protecting the over-degree of a vaccum for a vegetables container of a refrigerator and a vegetables container having it
    US9296543B2 (en) 2012-07-31 2016-03-29 Heb Grocery Company, Lp Vacuum cooler
    JP6085368B2 (en) * 2012-07-31 2017-02-22 グローバル・クーリング・インクＧｌｏｂａｌＣｏｏｌｉｎｇ， Ｉｎｃ． Passive vacuum relief valve
    EP2808630B1 (en) * 2013-05-28 2019-08-21 LG Electronics Inc. -1- Airtight container for refrigerator and refrigerator including the same
    DE102015220351A1 (en) * 2015-10-20 2017-04-20 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Household refrigerator with a refrigerator and a freezer compartment and a pressure balance valve
    CN108106301A (en) * 2015-11-06 2018-06-01 胡振华 Low pressure seal door
    US10830384B2 (en) * 2016-10-11 2020-11-10 Whirlpool Corporation Structural cabinet for an appliance incorporating unitary metallic boxes
    DE102019121874A1 (en) * 2019-08-14 2021-02-18 Liebherr-Hausgeräte Lienz Gmbh Fridge and / or freezer
    JP7329076B2 (en) * 2019-12-18 2023-08-17 Ｐｈｃホールディングス株式会社 refrigeration equipment
    CN115435126A (en) * 2021-06-03 2022-12-06 青岛海尔特种电冰柜有限公司 Air pressure balance valve and freezer with the air pressure balance valve
    CN217183666U (en) * 2021-11-17 2022-08-12 富联精密电子(天津)有限公司 Two-phase immersion cooling device with movable second condenser

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    ES2251466T3 (en) 2006-05-01
    BR0006442A (en) 2002-08-20
    ATE309511T1 (en) 2005-11-15
    DE60114875D1 (en) 2005-12-15
    AR031498A1 (en) 2003-09-24
    UY27025A1 (en) 2002-01-31
    WO2002048626A8 (en) 2003-03-13
    US7107780B2 (en) 2006-09-19
    EP1342039A1 (en) 2003-09-10
    DE60114875T2 (en) 2006-07-20
    MXPA02008318A (en) 2002-12-09
    US20030054752A1 (en) 2003-03-20
    AU3904001A (en) 2002-06-24
    WO2002048626A1 (en) 2002-06-20

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