EP1239847A1 - Flat medicinal preparation for transmucosal administration of oxycodon or a comparable active ingredient in the oral cavity, for use in pain therapy and in addiction therapy - Google Patents
Flat medicinal preparation for transmucosal administration of oxycodon or a comparable active ingredient in the oral cavity, for use in pain therapy and in addiction therapyInfo
- Publication number
- EP1239847A1 EP1239847A1 EP00993377A EP00993377A EP1239847A1 EP 1239847 A1 EP1239847 A1 EP 1239847A1 EP 00993377 A EP00993377 A EP 00993377A EP 00993377 A EP00993377 A EP 00993377A EP 1239847 A1 EP1239847 A1 EP 1239847A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- preparation according
- active ingredient
- pharmaceutical preparation
- dose
- therapy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- BRUQQQPBMZOVGD-XFKAJCMBSA-N Oxycodone Chemical compound O=C([C@@H]1O2)CC[C@@]3(O)[C@H]4CC5=CC=C(OC)C2=C5[C@@]13CCN4C BRUQQQPBMZOVGD-XFKAJCMBSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 230000036407 pain Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 206010012335 Dependence Diseases 0.000 title description 7
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229960002085 oxycodone Drugs 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000003232 mucoadhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940127240 opiate Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical group O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000002200 mouth mucosa Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960003920 cocaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003401 opiate antagonist Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- OZYUPQUCAUTOBP-QXAKKESOSA-N Levallorphan Chemical compound C([C@H]12)CCC[C@@]11CCN(CC=C)[C@@H]2CC2=CC=C(O)C=C21 OZYUPQUCAUTOBP-QXAKKESOSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036592 analgesia Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000263 levallorphan Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UZHSEJADLWPNLE-GRGSLBFTSA-N naloxone Chemical compound O=C([C@@H]1O2)CC[C@@]3(O)[C@H]4CC5=CC=C(O)C2=C5[C@@]13CCN4CC=C UZHSEJADLWPNLE-GRGSLBFTSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004127 naloxone Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- DQCKKXVULJGBQN-XFWGSAIBSA-N naltrexone Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2CC3=CC=C(C=4O[C@@H]5[C@](C3=4)([C@]2(CCC5=O)O)CC1)O)CC1CC1 DQCKKXVULJGBQN-XFWGSAIBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003086 naltrexone Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009757 thermoplastic moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 206010013663 drug dependence Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- NETZHAKZCGBWSS-CEDHKZHLSA-N nalbuphine Chemical compound C([C@]12[C@H]3OC=4C(O)=CC=C(C2=4)C[C@@H]2[C@]1(O)CC[C@@H]3O)CN2CC1CCC1 NETZHAKZCGBWSS-CEDHKZHLSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960000805 nalbuphine Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 206010052804 Drug tolerance Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000202 analgesic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N morphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical group CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CC(C)N(C)C)(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IJVCSMSMFSCRME-KBQPJGBKSA-N Dihydromorphine Chemical class O([C@H]1[C@H](CC[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O IJVCSMSMFSCRME-KBQPJGBKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000730 antalgic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N buprenorphine Chemical compound C([C@]12[C@H]3OC=4C(O)=CC=C(C2=4)C[C@@H]2[C@]11CC[C@]3([C@H](C1)[C@](C)(O)C(C)(C)C)OC)CN2CC1CC1 RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001736 buprenorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002428 fentanyl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PJMPHNIQZUBGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fentanyl Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=O)CC)C(CC1)CCN1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 PJMPHNIQZUBGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010579 first pass effect Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940014259 gelatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026781 habituation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007757 hot melt coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001797 methadone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002900 methylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005181 morphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940005483 opioid analgesics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008058 pain sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003285 pharmacodynamic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- CMDGQTVYVAKDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,2,3-triol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OCC(O)CO CMDGQTVYVAKDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/485—Morphinan derivatives, e.g. morphine, codeine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/006—Oral mucosa, e.g. mucoadhesive forms, sublingual droplets; Buccal patches or films; Buccal sprays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
- A61P25/36—Opioid-abuse
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/16—Otologicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sheet-like pharmaceutical preparation for the transmucosal administration of oxycodone or a pharmacologically comparable active substance in the area of the oral cavity, and to the use of such a pharmaceutical preparation in pain therapy and in substitution therapy for the treatment of opiate and cocaine dependency.
- the invention relates to sheet-like medicinal preparations of the type mentioned which are disintegrable in aqueous media and are in the form of foils, films, papers or wafers.
- the invention further encompasses methods which are suitable for producing such pharmaceutical preparations.
- the use of opiates in pain therapy places special demands on the dosage forms used for this.
- the main difficulty is to adjust the dose to the individual patient's subjective pain experience, ie as needed. It is important to avoid that the patient is exposed to unacceptable pain conditions and that tolerance development and possibly dependency develop as a result of overdosing. For this reason, it is desirable and necessary that suitable active ingredients and administration forms are available which enable a rapidly occurring analgesic effect in order to rapidly bring about a dose adjustment that is necessary if required. Therefore, the active ingredient or the dosage form should be characterized by the shortest possible flooding time. In addition, such a dosage form should be such that it can be applied by the patient himself in an uncomplicated and at the same time reliable manner.
- flat dosage forms such as. B. film or wafer-like preparations
- the small thickness compared to the surface results in a short diffusion path when such a dosage form is applied to the oral mucosa, for example. This leads to a rapid dissolution of the preparation under the influence of saliva and to a correspondingly quick release of the active ingredient, which can be quickly and directly absorbed through the oral mucosa.
- DE-OS 27 46 414 which describes a film-like band of active ingredient, binder and other auxiliaries, can be regarded as fundamental for this dosage form. Due to the homogeneous thickness, density and width, there is a direct relationship between a unit length of the strip and the dose of active ingredient contained therein. The advantages of Continuous meterability was also recognized by other applicants and described in special individual variants. So DE-PS 36 30 603 describes a flat carrier material, for. B. in the form of a release paper with an active ingredient-containing coating, the latter being pre-divided in dosage units from the carrier material in a dose.
- DE-OS 196 52 188 AI describes a flat medicinal preparation which is suitable for the application and release of the opiate anaesthetic buprenorphine in the oral cavity.
- this dosage form a large part of the amount of active ingredient contained therein is transported and metabolized via the saliva into the stomach, since this dosage form is not or not sufficiently mucoadhesive.
- the analgesic agents that are well suited for oral administration also include the opiate oxycodone, which has been used successfully in pain therapy for years. After oral administration, two thirds of it is bioavailable, i. H. it appears to a good effect in the bloodstream.
- the oral mucosa for the active ingredient has sufficient permeability, taking into account the necessary dose.
- the permeability in turn depends to a large extent on the physicochemical properties of the active ingredient.
- Oxycodone is already effective in small amounts and has good oral absorption, the average duration of action being 4-6 h.
- the flooding times for normal oral application are 15-30 min. This period is too long for dose adjustment as required and means an unnecessarily long waiting time for the patient to experience relief.
- the object of the invention was therefore to provide pharmaceutical preparations based on and with the general advantages of flat active substance carriers, which by the combination with a special active substance have additional therapeutic and / or economic advantages over pharmaceutical preparations of the same active ingredient based on conventional dosage forms.
- the active ingredient mentioned is to be released in the oral cavity in a manner without the disadvantages described in the prior art occurring.
- the object was to provide an application form for oxycodone which releases the active ingredient in the oral cavity without having the disadvantages described in the prior art.
- the dosage forms should also be safe and easy to use and meet the practical requirements in pain therapy or addiction weaning therapy.
- the object of the invention was furthermore to specify production processes for such preparations which would enable production under competitive conditions.
- the object is surprisingly achieved by a flat, film, film, paper or wafer-shaped medicinal preparation which can disintegrate in aqueous media and which contains oxycodone, or an active ingredient comparable to oxycodone, or a therapeutically suitable salt of oxycodone or the pharmacologically comparable one Has active ingredient.
- a medicinal preparation according to the invention as claimed in claim 1 is, as will be explained in the following, far superior to a conventional dosage form for the administration of oxycodone both from an economic and therapeutic point of view and is particularly suitable on the one hand for analgesia in severe pain conditions and on the other hand also for the therapy of Addiction to opiate or cocaine in the sense of substitution therapy or a weaning program.
- the pharmaceutical preparation according to claim 1 can be brought directly into contact with the oral mucosa during application. Due to the flat design, at least about half of the already large surface of the dosage form is immediately on the mucosa immediately after application. The oxycodone released from the preparation therefore finds two particularly favorable factors for entry into the body, namely a short diffusion path and a large diffusion area.
- the disintegration time being a few minutes after application or after introduction into an aqueous medium
- the superiority of an oxycodone-containing film over an oxycodone-containing tablet will therefore become apparent.
- the advantageous properties of the preparations according to the invention appear so clearly because oxycodone is effective even in small doses.
- the present invention combines the high effectiveness of the oxycodone with the advantageous release and release characteristics of sheet-like transmucosal dosage forms.
- the invention thus provides pharmaceutical preparations which are capable of making a highly effective analgesic available in the body in an efficient and rapid manner.
- the invention makes use of the fact that the oral mucosa has a good permeability for this active substance due to the physicochemical characteristics of the oxycodone, which is why it is particularly well suited for buccal or sublingual application.
- the pharmaceutical preparation according to the invention is preferably used for the transmucosal administration of oxycodone or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts or other pharmacologically acceptable derivatives of oxycodone.
- oxycodone possibly in the form of one of its therapeutically acceptable salts - is the most preferred active ingredient
- the invention also includes active ingredients which are pharmacologically similar or comparable to oxycodone, since the advantages of the invention described, albeit to different degrees , can also come into play here.
- active ingredients which are pharmacologically similar or comparable to oxycodone” are understood in particular to be those which are attributable to the opiates or opioids, since many of them have not only pharmacodynamic but also pharmacokinetic similarities to oxycodone, ie. H. Efficacy at a relatively low dose, good membrane permeability and high first-pass effect. From this group of active substances, morphine or dihydromorphine derivatives and substances from the methadone and fentanyl groups are particularly preferred.
- the active ingredient is released by permeation through the oral mucosa.
- the prerequisite for this is that the flat preparation is in close contact with the mucosa during the application period, that is, until the dissolution or disintegration of the preparation has taken place.
- the pharmaceutical preparation contains an adhesion-promoting auxiliary or an auxiliary mixture which imparts bio- or mucoadhesive properties to the preparation.
- Certain pharmaceutically customary, orally administrable auxiliaries are known to have mucosal properties.
- mucoadhesive substances examples include polyacrylic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, tragacanth, alginic acid, gelatin and gum arabic.
- various non-mucoadhesive substances are known to also form mucoadhesive properties in certain mixing ratios.
- An example of such a mixture is glycerol monooleate / water in the ratio 84:16 (Engström et al., Pharm. Tech. Eur. 7 [1995], No. 2, pp. 14-17).
- a two- or multi-layer structure of the dosage form of the preparation according to the invention is preferred.
- Preferred embodiments are therefore constructed in two or more layers, one of the two layers or, in the case of a multilayer structure, one of the layers having bio- or mucoadhesive properties.
- the latter are preferably designed such that they have or have a lower permeability for the active substance than the bio- or mucoadhesive layer. In this way it can be avoided that active substance is released into the saliva of the oral cavity, which would lead to loss of active substance.
- the present invention also includes those preparations which, in addition to oxycodone or a comparable active ingredient, contain at least one further active ingredient for transmucosal application.
- a preparation can be advantageous in several ways. For one thing, it is a recognized method of treating multiple symptoms or conditions that occur at the same time to administer a fixed combination of active ingredients in a single medication.
- any therapeutically useful active ingredients can be incorporated into the preparation according to the invention.
- the combination of an opiate active ingredient with another substance which is provided in a further embodiment of the invention and which can reduce the specific risks of opiate administration is particularly useful and advantageous.
- opiate antagonists - or also partial opiate antagonists - such as B.
- the medicinal preparation according to the invention is preferably pre-divided in doses and separated from one another in suitable packaging so that each dose unit can be removed, for example in the form of a blister pack, in which each dose unit is individually sealed in a deep-drawing bowl.
- the dosage may have to be adjusted.
- the analgesic single dose will be 5 to 20 mg, but may be significantly higher for use in addiction therapy or substitution therapy.
- the pharmaceutical preparations are produced in several steps.
- Two basic process variants are suitable for producing a web-shaped starting material, from which either the individual cans or entire packaging units are finally divided by cutting or punching.
- the first group of processes includes those in which with aqueous or solvent-containing liquids, some of which are increased Can have viscosity, a tape or a process film coated evenly and then subjected to a drying process.
- the coating composition is first produced, for which purpose at least one water-soluble polymer capable of film formation, as well as the active ingredient (s) and a suitable, vaporizable liquid must be mixed intimately.
- the sheet-like starting material can be produced by thermoplastic molding, ie without the use of liquids. This includes all hot melt coating processes and all extrusion processes. A prerequisite in this case is that the polymer or polymer mixture capable of film formation is thermoplastic.
- the required ingredients are mixed and shaped under the action of pressure and / or heat by extrusion, blowing or by coating tapes or foils and, after solidification, passed on for further processing.
- Appropriately modified methods are suitable for the production of preparations according to the invention with a multilayer structure, it being irrelevant whether a plurality of sheet-like materials are produced and joined together at the same time or in succession.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Addiction (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a flat, foil-film, paper or rectangular-shaped medicinal preparation which is degradable in aqueous media and is intended for use in the transmucosal administration of active ingredients in the oral cavity characterized in that said preparation contains oxycodon, or an active ingredient comparable to oxycodon, or a therapeutically suitable salt of oxycodon or of a pharmacologically comparable active ingredient.
Description
Flache Arzneizubereitung zur transmucosalen Verabreichung von Oxycodon oder einem vergleichbaren Wirkstoff in der Mundhöhle, für die Anwendung in der Schmerztherapie und Suchttherapie.Flat pharmaceutical preparation for transmucosal administration of oxycodone or a comparable active ingredient in the oral cavity, for use in pain therapy and addiction therapy.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine flächenförmige Arzneizubereitung zur transmucosalen Verabreichung von Oxycodon oder einem pharmakologisch vergleichbaren Wirkstoff im Bereich der Mundhöhle, sowie die Anwendung einer solchen Arzneizubereitung bei der Schmerztherapie und bei der Substitutionstherapie zur Behandlung der Opiat- und Kokainabhängigkeit . Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung flächenförmige ArzneiZubereitungen der genannten Art, die in wässri- gen Medien zerfallsfähig und folien-, film-, papier- oder oblatenförmig ausgestaltet sind. Die Erfindung umfaßt ferner Verfahren, welche zur Herstellung derartiger ArzneiZubereitungen geeignet sind.The present invention relates to a sheet-like pharmaceutical preparation for the transmucosal administration of oxycodone or a pharmacologically comparable active substance in the area of the oral cavity, and to the use of such a pharmaceutical preparation in pain therapy and in substitution therapy for the treatment of opiate and cocaine dependency. In particular, the invention relates to sheet-like medicinal preparations of the type mentioned which are disintegrable in aqueous media and are in the form of foils, films, papers or wafers. The invention further encompasses methods which are suitable for producing such pharmaceutical preparations.
Die Verwendung von Opiaten in der Schmerztherapie stellt besondere Anforderungen an die hierfür eingesetzten Darreichungsformen. Die Hauptschwierigkeit besteht darin, die Dosis dem jeweiligen subjektiven Schmerzerlebnis des einzelnen Patienten anzupassen, d. h. nach Bedarf. Dabei gilt es sowohl zu vermeiden, daß der Patient unzumutbaren Schmerz- zuständen ausgesetzt wird, als auch, daß es infolge von Überdosierung zu einer Toleranzentwicklung und möglicherweise zur Abhängigkeit kommt. Aus diesem Grund ist es wünschenswert und notwendig, daß geeignete Wirkstoffe und Dar- reichungsformen verfügbar sind, welche eine schnell eintretende analgetische Wirkung ermöglichen, um bei Bedarf eine notwendig gewordene Dosisanpassung rasch herbeizuführen. Deshalb sollte sich der Wirkstoff bzw. die Darreichungsform durch eine möglichst kurze Anflutungszeit auszeichnen. Zu- dem sollte eine solche Darreichungsform so beschaffen sein,
daß sie vom Patienten selbst auf unkomplizierte und gleichzeitig zuverlässige Weise appliziert werden kann.The use of opiates in pain therapy places special demands on the dosage forms used for this. The main difficulty is to adjust the dose to the individual patient's subjective pain experience, ie as needed. It is important to avoid that the patient is exposed to unacceptable pain conditions and that tolerance development and possibly dependency develop as a result of overdosing. For this reason, it is desirable and necessary that suitable active ingredients and administration forms are available which enable a rapidly occurring analgesic effect in order to rapidly bring about a dose adjustment that is necessary if required. Therefore, the active ingredient or the dosage form should be characterized by the shortest possible flooding time. In addition, such a dosage form should be such that it can be applied by the patient himself in an uncomplicated and at the same time reliable manner.
Herkömmliche Darreichungsformen, wie z. B. Tabletten, wel- ehe im Magen zerfallen und dort den Wirkstoff freisetzen, sind deshalb weniger geeignet, da die Wirkung in der Regel erst mit erheblicher Verzögerung eintritt. Bei Tabletten, die bereits im Mund zerfallen und deren Wirkstoff über die Mundschleimhaut aufgenommen wird, ist dieser Nachteil zwar abgemildert, allerdings ist dabei zu beachten, daß ein beträchtlicher Anteil der WirkstoffZubereitung mit dem Speichel in den Magen gelangt und deshalb nicht für eine schnelle Resorption via Mundschleimhaut zur Verfügung steht. Zudem kommt es nach gastrointestinaler Resorption zu einem relativ raschen metabolischen Abbau des Wirkstoffs in der Leber ("First-pass"-Effekt) .Conventional dosage forms, such as. B. Tablets, which disintegrate in the stomach and release the active ingredient there, are therefore less suitable, since the effect usually only occurs after a considerable delay. This disadvantage is alleviated for tablets that are already disintegrating in the mouth and whose active ingredient is absorbed through the oral mucosa, but it should be noted that a considerable proportion of the active ingredient preparation reaches the stomach with the saliva and therefore does not ensure rapid absorption via Oral mucosa is available. In addition, after gastrointestinal absorption, there is a relatively rapid metabolic breakdown of the active substance in the liver ("first pass" effect).
Aus diesen und anderen Gründen sind flache Darreichungsformen, wie z. B. film- oder oblatenförmige Zubereitungen, von Vorteil. Durch die geringe Dicke im Vergleich zur Fläche ergibt sich ein kurzer Diffusionsweg, wenn eine solche Arzneiform beispielsweise auf die Mundschleimhaut appliziert wird. Dies führt zu einer raschen Auflösung der Zubereitung unter Speicheleinwirkung und zu entsprechend schneller Freisetzung des Wirkstoffs, welcher schnell und direkt über die Mundschleimhaut resorbiert werden kann.For these and other reasons, flat dosage forms, such as. B. film or wafer-like preparations, advantageous. The small thickness compared to the surface results in a short diffusion path when such a dosage form is applied to the oral mucosa, for example. This leads to a rapid dissolution of the preparation under the influence of saliva and to a correspondingly quick release of the active ingredient, which can be quickly and directly absorbed through the oral mucosa.
Flache Wirkstoffträger wurden bereits für verschiedene Zwecke entwickelt und hergestellt. Als gründlegend für die- se Darreichungsform kann die DE-OS 27 46 414 angesehen werden, die ein folienartiges Band aus Wirkstoff, Bindemittel und weiteren Hilfsstoffen beschreibt. Dabei besteht aufgrund der homogenen Dicke, Dichte und Breite ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen einer Längeneinheit des Bandes und der darin enthaltenen Wirkstoffdosis . Die Vorteile der kon-
tinuierlichen Dosierbarkeit wurden auch von anderen Anmeldern erkannt und in speziellen Einzelvarianten beschrieben. So beschreibt DE-PS 36 30 603 ein flächiges Trägermaterial, z. B. in Form eines Trennpapiers mit einer wirkstoffhalti- gen Beschichtung, wobei letztere nach Vorzerteilung in Do- siereinheiten vom Trägermaterial dosisweise abziehbar ist.Flat active ingredient carriers have already been developed and manufactured for various purposes. DE-OS 27 46 414, which describes a film-like band of active ingredient, binder and other auxiliaries, can be regarded as fundamental for this dosage form. Due to the homogeneous thickness, density and width, there is a direct relationship between a unit length of the strip and the dose of active ingredient contained therein. The advantages of Continuous meterability was also recognized by other applicants and described in special individual variants. So DE-PS 36 30 603 describes a flat carrier material, for. B. in the form of a release paper with an active ingredient-containing coating, the latter being pre-divided in dosage units from the carrier material in a dose.
In der DE-OS 196 52 188 AI wird eine flache Arzneizubereitung beschrieben, die für die Applikation und Freisetzung des Opiat-Anaigetikums Buprenorphin in der Mundhöhle geeignet ist. Allerdings wird bei dieser Darreichungsform ein Großteil der darin enthaltenen Wirkstoffmenge über den Speichel in den Magen transportiert und metabolisiert, da diese Darreichungsform nicht bzw. in nicht ausreichendem Maße mucoadhäsiv ist.DE-OS 196 52 188 AI describes a flat medicinal preparation which is suitable for the application and release of the opiate anaesthetic buprenorphine in the oral cavity. However, in this dosage form, a large part of the amount of active ingredient contained therein is transported and metabolized via the saliva into the stomach, since this dosage form is not or not sufficiently mucoadhesive.
Zwar sind die generellen Vorteile flacher Darreichungsformen im Stand der Technik bekannt, z. B. die bereits erwähnte schnellere Wirkstoffabgabe und einfachere Dosierbarkeit, ferner die Möglichkeit einer diskreten Einnahme, d. h. ohne Zuhilfenahme von Flüssigkeit, ferner Vorteile bei der Herstellung sowie die Möglichkeit der Bedruckung während der Herstellung, wodurch die Einnah esicherheit erhöht werden kann.The general advantages of flat dosage forms are known in the prior art, e.g. B. the faster delivery of active ingredient and easier dosing, as well as the possibility of discrete intake, d. H. without the use of liquid, further advantages in the manufacture and the possibility of printing during the manufacture, whereby the revenue security can be increased.
Trotz der geschilderten Vorteile haben sich solche flächen- förmige Darreichungsformen bisher kaum durchgesetzt. Vermutlich schätzen viele Hersteller von Pharmazeutika den Nutzen gegenüber herkömmlichen Darreichungsformen für zu gering ein, so daß es nicht lohnenswert erscheint, Produkte dieser Art zu entwickeln und deren arzneimittelrechtliche Zulassung zu betreiben. Hinzu kommt, daß ein hoher Investitionsbedarf entstehen würde, da vorhandene Maschinen und existierendes Know-how für diese neuartigen Produkte nicht genutzt werden könnte. Offensichtlich erscheinen die Kosten
einer solchen Umstellung nicht gerechtfertigt, da der therapeutische oder wirtschaftliche Nutzen dieser flächigen Darreichungsformen gegenüber herkömmlichen Arzneiformen wie z. B. Tabletten gewöhnlich als nicht ausreichend groß eingestuft wird. Insbesondere dann, wenn es sich um einen ohnehin oral applizierbaren Wirkstoff handelt, wird der Aufwand zur Entwicklung einer alternativen Darreichungsform gescheut, selbst wenn die damit verbundenen Vorteile bekannt sind.In spite of the advantages described, such flat dosage forms have so far hardly become established. Presumably, many manufacturers of pharmaceuticals estimate the benefits compared to conventional dosage forms to be too low, so that it does not seem worthwhile to develop products of this type and to practice their approval under pharmaceutical law. In addition, there would be a high investment requirement, since existing machines and existing know-how could not be used for these new products. Obviously the cost appears such a change is not justified, since the therapeutic or economic benefit of these two-dimensional dosage forms compared to conventional pharmaceutical forms such. B. tablets are usually classified as not large enough. In particular, if it is an active substance that can be administered orally anyway, the effort to develop an alternative dosage form is spared, even if the associated advantages are known.
Zu den analgetischen Wirkstoffen, die sich gut für eine perorale Verabreichung eignen, zählt auch das in der Schmerztherapie seit Jahren erfolgreich eingesetzte Opiat Oxycodon. Nach peroraler Applikation ist es zu zwei Drit- teln bioverfügbar, d. h. es erscheint in einem gut wirksamen Ausmaß im Blutkreislauf.The analgesic agents that are well suited for oral administration also include the opiate oxycodone, which has been used successfully in pain therapy for years. After oral administration, two thirds of it is bioavailable, i. H. it appears to a good effect in the bloodstream.
Voraussetzung für eine transmucosale, z. B. buccale oder sublinguale, Applikation im Mundraum ist jedoch, daß die orale Mucosa für den Wirkstoff eine ausreichende Permeabilität aufweist, unter Berücksichtigung der notwendigen Dosis. Die Permeabilität wiederum hängt in hohem Maße von den physikochemischen Eigenschaften des Wirkstoffs ab. Oxycodon ist bereits in geringen Mengen wirksam und weist eine gute perorale Resorption auf, wobei die durchschnittliche Wirkdauer bei 4-6 h liegt. Die Anflutungszeiten bei normaler peroraler Applikation liegt bei 15-30 min. Dieser Zeitraum ist für eine Dosisanpassung nach Bedarf zu lang und bedeutet für den Patienten eine unnötig länge Wartezeit bis zum Eintritt der Erleichterung.Prerequisite for a transmucosal, e.g. B. buccal or sublingual, application in the oral cavity, however, is that the oral mucosa for the active ingredient has sufficient permeability, taking into account the necessary dose. The permeability in turn depends to a large extent on the physicochemical properties of the active ingredient. Oxycodone is already effective in small amounts and has good oral absorption, the average duration of action being 4-6 h. The flooding times for normal oral application are 15-30 min. This period is too long for dose adjustment as required and means an unnecessarily long waiting time for the patient to experience relief.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung bestand deshalb darin, Arzneimittelzubereitungen auf der Basis von und mit den allgemeinen Vorteilen von flächigen Wirkstoffträgern bereitzustellen, welche durch die Kombination mit einem speziellen Wirkstoff
zusätzliche therapeutische und / oder wirtschaftliche Vorteile gegenüber Arzneizubereitungen desselben Wirkstoffs auf der Basis konventioneller Darreichungsformen aufweisen. Dabei soll der genannte Wirkstoff in der Mundhöhle auf eine Weise freigesetzt werden, ohne daß die im Stand der Technik beschriebenen Nachteile auftreten. Insbesondere bestand die Aufgabe darin, eine Applikationsform für Oxycodon bereitzustellen, die den Wirkstoff in der Mundhöhle freisetzt, ohne die im Stand der Technik beschriebenen Nachteile zu besit- zen. Die Arzneiformen sollen ferner zugleich sicher und einfach anzuwenden sein und den praktischen Anforderungen bei der Schmerztherapie oder Suchtentwöhnungstherapie genügen. Weiter bestand die Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, Herstel- lungsverfahren für derartige Zubereitungen anzugeben, welche eine Produktion unter konkurrenzfähigen Bedingungen ermöglicht .The object of the invention was therefore to provide pharmaceutical preparations based on and with the general advantages of flat active substance carriers, which by the combination with a special active substance have additional therapeutic and / or economic advantages over pharmaceutical preparations of the same active ingredient based on conventional dosage forms. The active ingredient mentioned is to be released in the oral cavity in a manner without the disadvantages described in the prior art occurring. In particular, the object was to provide an application form for oxycodone which releases the active ingredient in the oral cavity without having the disadvantages described in the prior art. The dosage forms should also be safe and easy to use and meet the practical requirements in pain therapy or addiction weaning therapy. The object of the invention was furthermore to specify production processes for such preparations which would enable production under competitive conditions.
Die Aufgabe wird überraschenderweise gelöst durch eine in wässrigen Medien zerfallsfähige, flache, folien-, film-, papier- oder oblatenförmige Arzneizubereitung, welche einen Gehalt an Oxycodon, oder einem dem Oxycodon vergleichbaren Wirkstoff, oder einem therapeutisch geeigneten Salz des Oxycodons oder des pharmakologisch vergleichbaren Wirkstof- fes aufweist.The object is surprisingly achieved by a flat, film, film, paper or wafer-shaped medicinal preparation which can disintegrate in aqueous media and which contains oxycodone, or an active ingredient comparable to oxycodone, or a therapeutically suitable salt of oxycodone or the pharmacologically comparable one Has active ingredient.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Arzneizubereitung nach Anspruch 1 ist, wie im Folgenden dargelegt wird, einer konventionellen Darreichungsform zur Verabreichung von Oxycodon sowohl un- ter wirtschaftlichen als auch unter therapeutischen Gesichtspunkten weit überlegen und eignet sich insbesondere einerseits zur Analgesie bei starken Schmerzzuständen, andererseits aber auch zur Therapie der Opiat- oder Cocainab- hängigkeit im Sinne einer Substitutionstherapie oder eines Entwöhnungsprogramms .
Die Arzneizubereitung nach Anspruch 1 kann bei der Applikation direkt mit der Mundschleimhaut in Kontakt gebracht werden. Durch die flächige Ausgestaltung befindet sich so- fort nach der Applikation mindestens etwa die Hälfte der ohnehin großen Oberfläche der Darreichungsform unmittelbar auf der Mucosa. Das aus der Zubereitung freigesetzte Oxycodon findet also für den Eintritt in den Körper zwei besonders günstige Faktoren vor, nämlich eine kurze Diffusions- strecke und eine große Diffusionsfläche.A medicinal preparation according to the invention as claimed in claim 1 is, as will be explained in the following, far superior to a conventional dosage form for the administration of oxycodone both from an economic and therapeutic point of view and is particularly suitable on the one hand for analgesia in severe pain conditions and on the other hand also for the therapy of Addiction to opiate or cocaine in the sense of substitution therapy or a weaning program. The pharmaceutical preparation according to claim 1 can be brought directly into contact with the oral mucosa during application. Due to the flat design, at least about half of the already large surface of the dosage form is immediately on the mucosa immediately after application. The oxycodone released from the preparation therefore finds two particularly favorable factors for entry into the body, namely a short diffusion path and a large diffusion area.
Bereits bei der einfachsten erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung - wobei die Zerfallszeit wenige Minuten nach Applikation bzw. nach Einbringen in ein wäßriges Medium beträgt - wird sich daher die Überlegenheit eines Oxycodon-enthaltenden Films gegenüber einer Oxycodon-enthaltenden Tablette zeigen. Die vorteilhaften Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Zubereitungen treten deshalb so deutlich in Erscheinung, da Oxycodon bereits in geringen Dosen wirksam ist. Die vorlie- gende Erfindung kombiniert die hohe Wirksamkeit des Oxyco- dons mit der vorteilhaften Freisetzungs- und Abgabecharak- teristik von flächenförmigen transmucosalen Darreichungsformen. Damit werden durch die Erfindung Arzneizubereitungen bereitgestellt, die in der Lage sind, ein hochwirksames Analgetikum auf effiziente und schnelle Weise im Körper verfügbar zu machen. Die Erfindung macht sich dabei zunutze, daß die orale Mucosa aufgrund der physikochemisehen Charakteristika des Oxycodons eine gute Permeabilität für diesen Wirkstoff aufweist, weshalb dieser für eine buccale oder sublinguale Applikation besonders gut geeignet ist .Even in the simplest embodiment according to the invention - the disintegration time being a few minutes after application or after introduction into an aqueous medium - the superiority of an oxycodone-containing film over an oxycodone-containing tablet will therefore become apparent. The advantageous properties of the preparations according to the invention appear so clearly because oxycodone is effective even in small doses. The present invention combines the high effectiveness of the oxycodone with the advantageous release and release characteristics of sheet-like transmucosal dosage forms. The invention thus provides pharmaceutical preparations which are capable of making a highly effective analgesic available in the body in an efficient and rapid manner. The invention makes use of the fact that the oral mucosa has a good permeability for this active substance due to the physicochemical characteristics of the oxycodone, which is why it is particularly well suited for buccal or sublingual application.
Durch die nur kurze Zeitverzögerung zwischen der Applikation der erfindungsgemäßen ArzneiZubereitung und der Aufnahme in den Organismus erfährt der Patient eine schnell eintretende Erleichterung, und er kann sich bei Bedarf weitere
Dosiseinheiten der ArzneiZubereitung zuführen, um so die Dosis stufenweise - nach Bedarf - zu erhöhen, so daß eine unangemessen hohe Dosierung oder Überdosierung vermieden werden kann. Es ist also möglich, die auftretenden Schmerz- empfindungen gewissermaßen bedarfsgerecht zu "titrieren" . Eine solche Vorgehensweise ist auch zur Vermeidung einer Toleranzentwicklung angebracht.As a result of the short time delay between the application of the pharmaceutical preparation according to the invention and the absorption into the organism, the patient experiences a rapid onset of relief, and can take further measures if necessary Add dose units to the drug preparation in order to gradually increase the dose as required so that an inappropriately high dosage or overdose can be avoided. It is therefore possible to "titrate" the pain sensations that arise, as it were, as required. Such an approach is also appropriate to avoid tolerance development.
Vorzugsweise wird die erfindungsgemäße Arzneizubereitung zur transmucosalen Verabreichung von Oxycodon oder seiner pharmazeutisch akzeptablen Salze oder anderer pharmakolo- gisch akzeptabler Derivate des Oxycodons verwendet. Wenn auch Oxycodon - gegebenenfalls in Form eines seiner therapeutisch akzeptablen Salze - der am meisten bevorzugte Wirkstoff ist, schließt die Erfindung auch solche Wirkstoffe mit ein, die dem Oxycodon pharmakologisch ähnlich oder vergleichbar sind, da die beschriebenen Vorteile der Erfindung, wenn auch in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß, auch hier zum Tragen kommen können. Als weitere geeignete Wirkstoffe, "die dem Oxycodon pharmakologisch ähnlich oder vergleichbar sind", werden insbesondere solche verstanden, die den Opiaten oder Opioiden zuzurechnen sind, da viele von ihnen nicht nur pharmakodynamische, sondern auch pharmakokineti- sche Ähnlichkeiten mit Oxycodon aufweisen, d. h. Wirksam- keit bei relativ niedriger Dosis, gute Membrangängigkeit und hoher First-Pass-Effekt. Besonders bevorzugt sind aus dieser Wirkstoffgruppe Morphin- oder Dihydromorphinderivate sowie Substanzen aus der Methadon- und Fentanylgruppe .The pharmaceutical preparation according to the invention is preferably used for the transmucosal administration of oxycodone or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts or other pharmacologically acceptable derivatives of oxycodone. Although oxycodone - possibly in the form of one of its therapeutically acceptable salts - is the most preferred active ingredient, the invention also includes active ingredients which are pharmacologically similar or comparable to oxycodone, since the advantages of the invention described, albeit to different degrees , can also come into play here. Further suitable active ingredients “which are pharmacologically similar or comparable to oxycodone” are understood in particular to be those which are attributable to the opiates or opioids, since many of them have not only pharmacodynamic but also pharmacokinetic similarities to oxycodone, ie. H. Efficacy at a relatively low dose, good membrane permeability and high first-pass effect. From this group of active substances, morphine or dihydromorphine derivatives and substances from the methadone and fentanyl groups are particularly preferred.
Die Wirkstoffabgabθ erfolgt bei den erfindungsgemäßen Zubereitungen auf dem Wege der Permeation durch die orale Mucosa. Voraussetzung hierfür ist, daß die flächige Zubereitung während der Applikationsdauer, d. h. möglichst bis zur erfolgten Auflösung bzw. Zerfall der Zubereitung, in engem Kontakt mit der Mucosa steht. Durch die Auswahl geeigneter
Hilfsstoffe läßt sich ein verbesserter Kontakt der erfindungsgemäßen ArzneiZubereitung mit der Mundschleimhaut herbeiführen. Deshalb enthält die ArzneiZubereitung gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung einen haf- tungsvermittelnden Hilfsstoff oder ein Hilfsstoffgemisch, welches der Zubereitung bio- oder mucoadhäsive Eigenschaften verleiht. Von bestimmten pharmazeutisch gebräuchlichen, oral applizierbaren Hilfsstoffen ist bekannt, daß sie schleimhauthaftende Eigenschaften aufweisen. Beispiele für solche mucoadhäsiven Substanzen sind Polyacrylsäure, Car- boxymethylcellulose, Hydroxymethylcellulose, Methylcellulo- se, Traganth, Alginsäure, Gelatine und Gummi arabicum. Darüber hinaus ist von verschiedenen nicht mucoadhäsiven Stoffen bekannt, daß sie in bestimmten Mischungsverhältnissen ebenfalls mucoadhäsive Eigenschaften ausbilden. Ein Beispiel für ein solches Gemisch ist Glycerinmonooleat/Wasser im Verhältnis 84:16 (Engström et al . , Pharm. Tech. Eur. 7 [1995], Nr. 2, S. 14-17) .In the preparations according to the invention, the active ingredient is released by permeation through the oral mucosa. The prerequisite for this is that the flat preparation is in close contact with the mucosa during the application period, that is, until the dissolution or disintegration of the preparation has taken place. By choosing suitable ones Auxiliaries can bring about an improved contact of the pharmaceutical preparation according to the invention with the oral mucosa. Therefore, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pharmaceutical preparation contains an adhesion-promoting auxiliary or an auxiliary mixture which imparts bio- or mucoadhesive properties to the preparation. Certain pharmaceutically customary, orally administrable auxiliaries are known to have mucosal properties. Examples of such mucoadhesive substances are polyacrylic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, tragacanth, alginic acid, gelatin and gum arabic. In addition, various non-mucoadhesive substances are known to also form mucoadhesive properties in certain mixing ratios. An example of such a mixture is glycerol monooleate / water in the ratio 84:16 (Engström et al., Pharm. Tech. Eur. 7 [1995], No. 2, pp. 14-17).
Bei der Verwendung bio- oder mucoadhäsiver Hilfsstoffe ist ein zwei- oder mehrschichtiger Aufbau der Darreichungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Zubereitung zu bevorzugen. Dadurch, daß nur die der Mundschleimhaut zugewandte bzw. mit dieser in Kontakt befindliche Schicht oder Schichten mucoadhäsiv ausgerüstet ist bzw. sind, nicht aber die distal oder außen gelegene Schicht oder Schichten, kann vermieden werden, daß die Zubereitung während der Anwendungsdauer verschiedene Schleimhautpartien miteinander verklebt, was zu erheblichen Mißempfindungen bei der Anwendung führen würde. Bevorzugte Ausführungs ormen sind deshalb zwei- oder mehrschichtig aufgebaut, wobei eine der beiden Schichten, bzw. bei mehrschichtigem Aufbau eine der Schichten, bio- oder mucoadhäsive Eigenschaften besitzt.
Bei Ausführungsformen, welche neben mucoadhäsiven auch nicht mucoadhäsive Schichten enthalten, werden die letztgenannten vorzugsweise so ausgestaltet, daß sie eine im Vergleich zur bio- oder mucoadhäsiven Schicht geringere Per- meabilität für den Wirkstoff besitzt bzw. besitzen. Hierdurch kann vermieden werden, daß Wirkstoff in den Speichel der Mundhöhle freigesetzt wird, was zu Wirkstoffverlusten führen würde.When using bio- or mucoadhesive auxiliaries, a two- or multi-layer structure of the dosage form of the preparation according to the invention is preferred. The fact that only the layer or layers facing or in contact with the oral mucosa is or are mucoadhesive, but not the distal or external layer or layers, can prevent the preparation from sticking together different parts of the mucous membrane during the period of use , which would lead to considerable misperceptions when used. Preferred embodiments are therefore constructed in two or more layers, one of the two layers or, in the case of a multilayer structure, one of the layers having bio- or mucoadhesive properties. In the case of embodiments which, in addition to mucoadhesive layers, also contain non-mucoadhesive layers, the latter are preferably designed such that they have or have a lower permeability for the active substance than the bio- or mucoadhesive layer. In this way it can be avoided that active substance is released into the saliva of the oral cavity, which would lead to loss of active substance.
Die vorliegende Erfindung umfaßt auch solche Zubereitungen, welche zusätzlich zu Oxycodon oder einem vergleichbaren Wirkstoff mindestens einen weiteren Wirkstoff zur transmucosalen Applikation enthalten. Eine solche Zubereitung kann in mehrfacher Hinsicht vorteilhaft sein. Zum einen ist es eine anerkannte Methode zur Behandlung mehrerer gleichzeitig auftretender Symptome oder Zustände, eine fixe Wirkstoffko bination in einem einzigen Medikament zu verabreichen. Hierzu lassen sich beliebige, therapeutisch sinnvolle Wirkstoffe in die erfindungsgemäße Zubereitung einarbeiten. Zum anderen ist die in einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung vorgesehene Kombination eines Opiatwirkstoffes mit einer anderen Substanz, welche die spezifischen Risiken einer Opiatverabreichung reduzieren kann, besonders sinnvoll und vorteilhaft. So lassen sich beispielsweise Opia- tantagonisten - oder auch partielle Opiatantagonisten - , wie z. B. Nalbuphin, Naloxon, Naltrexon oder Levallorphan mit dem Opiatwirkstoff kombinieren, was zur Folge hat, daß die Sucht- bzw. Gewöhnungsgefahr durch die wiederholte Verabreichung der Zubereitung dadurch verringert wird, daß sich die Dosis nicht steigern läßt, ohne gleichzeitig eine Steigerung des antagonistischen Effekts in Kauf zu nehmen. Der Erfolg einer solchen Strategie wird im wesentlichen von der Wahl eines geeigneten Antagonisten sowie des Dosisverhältnisses in der Zubereitung abhängen.
Um einer mißbräuchlichen oder nicht bestimmungsgemäßen Anwendung keinen Vorschub zu leisten, wird die erfindungsgemäße Arzneizubereitung vorzugsweise dosisweise vorzerteilt und voneinander separiert in einer geeigneten Verpackung vorliegen, so daß zur Entnahme einer Dosiseinheit jeweils diese entnehmbar gemacht wird, beispielsweise in Form einer Blisterpackung, in welcher jede Dosiseinheit in einem Tief- ziehnapf einzeln eingesiegelt ist. Im Rahmen von Programmen zur Behandlung der Opiat- oder Co- cainabhängigkeit kann es jedoch auch sinnvoll sein, z. B. den betreuenden Ärzten die Zubereitung in Form von Verpak- kungseinheiten anzubieten, in denen sie als unzerteiltes blatt- oder bandförmiges Material vorliegt, von welchem sich die Dosiseinheiten zum Zwecke der Applikation abteilen lassen. Dies erleichtert eine Massenapplikation und gibt den verabreichenden Ärzten die Möglichkeit, unterschiedliche Dosiseinheiten je nach Dosisbedarf aus ein und demselben Material abzutrennen.The present invention also includes those preparations which, in addition to oxycodone or a comparable active ingredient, contain at least one further active ingredient for transmucosal application. Such a preparation can be advantageous in several ways. For one thing, it is a recognized method of treating multiple symptoms or conditions that occur at the same time to administer a fixed combination of active ingredients in a single medication. For this purpose, any therapeutically useful active ingredients can be incorporated into the preparation according to the invention. On the other hand, the combination of an opiate active ingredient with another substance which is provided in a further embodiment of the invention and which can reduce the specific risks of opiate administration is particularly useful and advantageous. For example, opiate antagonists - or also partial opiate antagonists - such as B. nalbuphin, naloxone, naltrexone or levallorphan combine with the opiate active ingredient, with the result that the addiction or habituation risk is reduced by the repeated administration of the preparation by the fact that the dose cannot be increased without simultaneously increasing the antagonistic To accept effects. The success of such a strategy will essentially depend on the choice of a suitable antagonist and the dose ratio in the preparation. In order not to encourage misuse or improper use, the medicinal preparation according to the invention is preferably pre-divided in doses and separated from one another in suitable packaging so that each dose unit can be removed, for example in the form of a blister pack, in which each dose unit is individually sealed in a deep-drawing bowl. In the context of programs for the treatment of opiate or cocain addiction, however, it can also be useful, e.g. B. to offer the attending physicians the preparation in the form of packaging units in which it is present as undivided sheet or strip material from which the dose units can be divided for the purpose of application. This facilitates mass application and gives the administering physicians the option of separating different dose units from one and the same material depending on the dose requirement.
Da von der erfindungsgemäßen Arzneizubereitung ein gegenüber bekannten Zubereitungen erhöhtes Ausmaß an Bioverfügbarkeit zu erwarten ist, muß die Dosierung gegebenenfalls angepaßt werden. Im Falle des Oxycodons wird die analgeti- sche Einzeldosis bei 5 bis 20 mg liegen, für die Anwendung in der Suchttherapie bzw. Substitutionstherapie jedoch möglicherweise deutlich höher.Since an increased degree of bioavailability is to be expected from the pharmaceutical preparation according to the invention compared to known preparations, the dosage may have to be adjusted. In the case of the oxycodone, the analgesic single dose will be 5 to 20 mg, but may be significantly higher for use in addiction therapy or substitution therapy.
Die Herstellung der ArzneiZubereitungen erfolgt erfindungsgemäß in mehreren Schritten. Zur Herstellung eines bahnför- migen Ausgangsmaterials, aus dem schließlich entweder die Einzeldosen oder aber ganze Verpackungseinheiten durch Schneiden oder Stanzen abgeteilt werden, sind zwei grundlegende Verfahrensvarianten geeignet . Die erste Gruppe von Verfahren umfaßt jene, bei denen mit wäßrigen bzw. lösemit- telhaltigen Flüssigkeiten, welche teilweise eine erhöhte
Viskosität aufweisen können, ein Band oder eine Prozeßfolie gleichmäßig beschichtet und anschließend einem Trocknungs- prozeß unterworfen wird. Hierzu wird zunächst die Beschich- tungsmasse hergestellt, wozu mindestens ein wasserlösli- ches, zur Filmbildung befähigtes Polymer, sowie der oder die Wirkstoffe und eine geeignete, verdampfbare Flüssigkeit innig gemischt werden müssen. Bedarfsweise können weitere Hilfsstoffe, wie zerfallmodifizierende Polymere, bio- oder mucoadhäsive Hilfsstoffe, Weichmacher, Füllstoffe, textur- vermittelnde Substanzen, Pigmente, Farbstoffe, Geschmacks- korrigenzien, Löslichkeitsvermittler, Substanzen zur Einstellung des pH-Wertes, Glättungsmittel, Mattierungsmittel, Zerfallbeschleuniger etc. eingearbeitet werden. Alternativ läßt sich das bahnförmige Ausgangsmaterial durch thermoplastische Formung, d. h. ohne Zuhilfenahme von Flüssigkeiten, herstellen. Hierzu gehören alle Hot-Melt- Beschichtungsverfahren und alle Extrusionsverfahren. Eine Voraussetzung ist in diesem Fall, daß das zur Filmbildung befähigte Polymer oder Polymergemisch thermoplastisch form- bar ist. Die erforderlichen Zutaten werden gemischt und unter Einwirkung von Druck und/oder Wärme durch Extrudieren, Blasen oder durch Beschichten von Bändern oder Folien geformt und nach dem Erstarren der weiteren Verarbeitung zugeführt . Für die Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen Zubereitungen mit mehrschichtigem Aufbau eignen sich entsprechend modifizierte Verfahren, wobei es unerheblich ist, ob mehrere bahnförmige Materialien gleichzeitig oder nacheinander hergestellt und zusammengefügt werden.
According to the invention, the pharmaceutical preparations are produced in several steps. Two basic process variants are suitable for producing a web-shaped starting material, from which either the individual cans or entire packaging units are finally divided by cutting or punching. The first group of processes includes those in which with aqueous or solvent-containing liquids, some of which are increased Can have viscosity, a tape or a process film coated evenly and then subjected to a drying process. For this purpose, the coating composition is first produced, for which purpose at least one water-soluble polymer capable of film formation, as well as the active ingredient (s) and a suitable, vaporizable liquid must be mixed intimately. If necessary, other auxiliaries, such as disintegration-modifying polymers, bio- or mucoadhesive auxiliaries, plasticizers, fillers, texture-imparting substances, pigments, dyes, taste correctants, solubilizers, substances for adjusting the pH, smoothing agents, matting agents, decay accelerators etc. can be incorporated become. Alternatively, the sheet-like starting material can be produced by thermoplastic molding, ie without the use of liquids. This includes all hot melt coating processes and all extrusion processes. A prerequisite in this case is that the polymer or polymer mixture capable of film formation is thermoplastic. The required ingredients are mixed and shaped under the action of pressure and / or heat by extrusion, blowing or by coating tapes or foils and, after solidification, passed on for further processing. Appropriately modified methods are suitable for the production of preparations according to the invention with a multilayer structure, it being irrelevant whether a plurality of sheet-like materials are produced and joined together at the same time or in succession.
Claims
1. Flache, in wässrigen Medien zerfausfällige, folien-, film-, papier- oder oblatenförmige ArzneiZubereitung zur transmucosalen Verabreichung von Wirkstoffen in der Mundhöhle, gekennzeichnet durch einen Gehalt an Oxycodon, oder einem dem Oxycodon vergleichbaren Wirkstoff, oder einem therapeutisch geeigneten Salz des Oxycodons oder des pharmakologisch vergleichbaren Wirkstoffes.1. Flat, film-like, film-like, paper-like or wafer-like medicinal preparation that is disintegrable in aqueous media for transmucosal administration of active substances in the oral cavity, characterized by a content of oxycodone, or an active substance comparable to oxycodone, or a therapeutically suitable salt of oxycodone or the pharmacologically comparable active ingredient.
2. ArzneiZubereitung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie durch Zusatz eines haftungsvermittelnden Hilfsstoffes oder Hilfsstoffgemisches mit bio- oder mucoadhäsiven Eigenschaften ausgerüstet ist.2. Pharmaceutical preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with bio- or mucoadhesive properties by adding an adhesion-promoting auxiliary or auxiliary mixture.
3. Arzneizubereitung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie zwei- oder mehrschichtig aufgebaut ist, wobei eine der beiden Schichten, bzw. bei mehrschichtigem Aufbau eine der Schichten, bio- oder mucoadhäsive Ei- genschaften besitzt.3. Medicament preparation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is constructed in two or more layers, one of the two layers, or in the case of a multilayer structure, one of the layers having bio- or mucoadhesive properties.
4. Arzneizubereitung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nicht bio- oder mucoadhäsive (n) Schicht oder Schichten eine im Vergleich zur bio- oder mucoadhäsiven Schicht geringere Permeabilität für den Wirkstoff besitzt bzw. besitzen.4. Pharmaceutical preparation according to claim 3, characterized in that the non-bio- or mucoadhesive layer (s) has or have a lower permeability for the active substance than the bio- or mucoadhesive layer.
5. ArzneiZubereitung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie mindestens einen wei- teren Wirkstoff zur transmucosalen Applikation enthält.5. Pharmaceutical preparation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains at least one further active ingredient for transmucosal application.
6. ArzneiZubereitung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der besagte weitere Wirkstoff geeignet ist, eine Abhängigkeit von Opiaten zu verhindern, abzumildern oder zu verzögern. 6. Pharmaceutical preparation according to claim 5, characterized in that said further active ingredient is suitable for preventing, ameliorating or delaying dependence on opiates.
7. ArzneiZubereitung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der besagte weitere Wirkstoff zumindest partiell als Opiat-Antagonist wirken kann.7. Pharmaceutical preparation according to claim 6, characterized in that said further active ingredient can act at least partially as an opiate antagonist.
8. ArzneiZubereitung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der besagte weitere Wirkstoff ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe, welche Nalbuphin, Naloxon, Naltrexon und Levallorphan umfaßt.8. Pharmaceutical preparation according to claim 7, characterized in that said further active ingredient is selected from the group comprising nalbuphine, naloxone, naltrexone and levallorphan.
9. ArzneiZubereitung nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als un- zerteiltes, blatt- oder bandförmiges Material vorliegt, von welchem sich Dosiseinheiten zum Zwecke der Applikation ab- teilen lassen.9. Pharmaceutical preparation according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is in the form of undivided, sheet-like or tape-like material, from which dose units can be divided for the purpose of application.
10. ArzneiZubereitung nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie dosis- weise vorzerteilt vorliegt.10. Pharmaceutical preparation according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is pre-divided in doses.
11. ArzneiZubereitung nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie pro Dosiseinheit einen Wirkstoffgehalt aufweist, der zur Analgesie geeignet ist, vorzugsweise einen Wirkstoffgehalt von 5-20 mg pro Dosiseinheit.11. Pharmaceutical preparation according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that it has an active substance content per dose unit which is suitable for analgesia, preferably an active substance content of 5-20 mg per dose unit.
12. Arzneizubereitung nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie pro Dosiseinheit einen Wirkstoffgehalt aufweist, der zur Opiat- oder Cocain-Substitutions- therapie geeignet ist. 12. Pharmaceutical preparation according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that it has an active ingredient content per dose unit which is suitable for opiate or cocaine substitution therapy.
13. Verfahren zur Herstellung von ArzneiZubereitungen nach einem oder mehreren der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Schritte:13. A method for producing pharmaceutical preparations according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by the following steps:
a) Herstellung einer Lösung, welche den oder die Wirkstoff (e) und ein zur Filmbildung befähigtes Polymer, gegebenenfalls in Gegenwart weiterer gelöster oder suspendierter Hilfsstoffe, in einem geeigneten hydrophilen Lösemittel enthält; b) Auftragen der so erhaltenen Lösung oder Suspension mit gleichmäßiger Dicke auf ein Band oder eine Prozeßfolie in einem kontinuierlichen Verfahren; c) Entfernen des Lösemittel, wodurch ein blatt- oder bandförmiges Ausgangsmaterial entsteht; d) Abteilen der Dosis- oder Mehrdoseneinheiten aus dem blatt- oder bandförmigen Ausgangsmaterial durch Schneiden oder Stanzen.a) preparation of a solution which contains the active ingredient (s) and a polymer capable of film formation, optionally in the presence of further dissolved or suspended auxiliaries, in a suitable hydrophilic solvent; b) applying the solution or suspension thus obtained with a uniform thickness to a belt or a process film in a continuous process; c) removing the solvent, whereby a sheet or ribbon-shaped starting material is formed; d) dividing the dose or multi-dose units from the sheet or ribbon-shaped starting material by cutting or punching.
14. Verfahren zur Herstellung von ArzneiZubereitungen nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Schritte:14. A method for producing pharmaceutical preparations according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized by the following steps:
a) Herstellung einer zur thermoplastischen Formung geeigneten Mischung, welche den oder die Wirkstoff (e) und ein wasserlösliches, thermoplastisches, zur Filmbildung befähigtes Polymer, sowie gegebenenfalls weitere Hilfs- stoffe enthält; b) Formung dieser Mischung unter Einwirkung von Wärme und/oder Druck zu einem blatt- oder bandförmigen Aus- gangsmaterial; c) Abteilen der Dosis- oder Mehrdoseneinheiten aus dem blatt- oder bandförmigen Ausgangsmaterial durch Schneiden oder Stanzen. a) production of a mixture suitable for thermoplastic molding, which contains the active ingredient (s) and a water-soluble, thermoplastic polymer capable of film formation, and optionally further auxiliaries; b) shaping this mixture under the action of heat and / or pressure into a sheet-like or ribbon-shaped starting material; c) dividing the dose or multi-dose units from the sheet or ribbon-shaped starting material by cutting or punching.
15. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Arzneizubereitung nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere gleichzeitig oder nacheinander hergestellte blatt- oder bandförmige Ausgangsmaterialien zu einem mehrschichtigen Laminat zusammengefügt werden, aus dem durch Schneiden oder Stanzen die Dosis- oder Mehrdoseneinheiten abgeteilt werden.15. A method for producing a pharmaceutical preparation according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that a plurality of sheet or ribbon-shaped starting materials produced simultaneously or in succession are combined to form a multilayer laminate, from which the dose or multi-dose units are divided by cutting or punching.
16. Verwendung einer Arzneizubereitung nach einem oder eh- reren der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 zur Herstellung eines oral applizierbaren Arzneimittels zur Schmerzbehandlung.16. Use of a medicament preparation according to one or more of claims 1 to 12 for the manufacture of an orally administrable medicament for the treatment of pain.
17. Verwendung einer ArzneiZubereitung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 zur Herstellung eines oral applizierbaren Arzneimittels zur Opiat- oder Cocain- Substitutionstherapie oder -entwöhnungstherapie.17. Use of a medicament preparation according to one or more of claims 1 to 12 for the manufacture of an orally administrable medicament for opiate or cocaine substitution therapy or weaning therapy.
18. Methode zur Behandlung von Schmerzzuständen durch Applikation einer Arzneizubereitung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 auf die Mundschleimhaut.18. Method for the treatment of pain conditions by applying a pharmaceutical preparation according to one or more of claims 1 to 12 to the oral mucosa.
19. Methode zur Behandlung von Opiat- oder Cocain-Abhängig- keit im Rahmen einer Entwöhnungs- oder Substitutionstherapie durch Applikation einer Arzneizubereitung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 auf die Mundschleimhaut. 19. Method for the treatment of opiate or cocaine dependency in the context of weaning or substitution therapy by applying a medicinal preparation according to one or more of claims 1 to 12 to the oral mucosa.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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| DE19960154 | 1999-12-14 | ||
| DE19960154A DE19960154A1 (en) | 1999-12-14 | 1999-12-14 | Flat pharmaceutical preparation for transmucosal administration of oxycodone or a comparable active ingredient in the oral cavity, for use in pain therapy and addiction therapy |
| PCT/EP2000/012093 WO2001043728A1 (en) | 1999-12-14 | 2000-12-01 | Flat medicinal preparation for transmucosal administration of oxycodon or a comparable active ingredient in the oral cavity, for use in pain therapy and in addiction therapy |
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| EP1239847A1 true EP1239847A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 |
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| MX2022008554A (en) | 2020-01-10 | 2022-08-10 | Trevi Therapeutics Inc | Methods of administering nalbuphine. |
| US12465564B2 (en) | 2021-10-25 | 2025-11-11 | Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. | Oral and nasal compositions and methods of treatment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4626539A (en) * | 1984-08-10 | 1986-12-02 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Trandermal delivery of opioids |
| WO1988009676A1 (en) * | 1987-06-01 | 1988-12-15 | Warner-Lambert Company | Fatty acids and their small chain esters as penetration enhancers in aqueous systems |
| US5236714A (en) * | 1988-11-01 | 1993-08-17 | Alza Corporation | Abusable substance dosage form having reduced abuse potential |
| DE19642043A1 (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 1997-04-24 | Hexal Ag | Transdermal therapeutic system for treating drug dependency |
| DE19652188C2 (en) * | 1996-12-16 | 2002-02-14 | Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts | Flat drug preparation for application and release of buprenorphine or a pharmacologically comparable substance in the oral cavity and process for its preparation |
| ES2252865T3 (en) * | 1997-09-26 | 2006-05-16 | Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | BIOADHESIVE COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THE TOPICAL ADMINISTRATION OF ACTIVE AGENTS. |
| DE19923551A1 (en) * | 1999-05-21 | 2000-11-30 | Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts | Pharmaceutical preparation with the active ingredient diamorphine and its use in a method for treating opiate addiction |
-
1999
- 1999-12-14 DE DE19960154A patent/DE19960154A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-12-01 AU AU28392/01A patent/AU781946B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-12-01 IL IL15012700A patent/IL150127A0/en unknown
- 2000-12-01 BR BR0016504-2A patent/BR0016504A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-12-01 HU HU0203733A patent/HUP0203733A2/en unknown
- 2000-12-01 PL PL00355816A patent/PL355816A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-12-01 KR KR1020027007565A patent/KR100597806B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-01 CN CN00816787A patent/CN1407889A/en active Pending
- 2000-12-01 MX MXPA02005857A patent/MXPA02005857A/en unknown
- 2000-12-01 WO PCT/EP2000/012093 patent/WO2001043728A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-12-01 US US10/149,980 patent/US20040024003A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-01 CZ CZ20022063A patent/CZ20022063A3/en unknown
- 2000-12-01 CA CA002393838A patent/CA2393838A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-01 RU RU2002115277/15A patent/RU2002115277A/en unknown
- 2000-12-01 EP EP00993377A patent/EP1239847A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-12-01 JP JP2001544667A patent/JP2003516961A/en active Pending
- 2000-12-13 AR ARP000106618A patent/AR027902A1/en unknown
-
2002
- 2002-05-28 ZA ZA200204225A patent/ZA200204225B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| MUTSCHLER E.: "Arzneimittelwirkungen", 1986, WISSENSCHAFTLICHE VERLAGSGESELLSCHAFT, STUTTGART * |
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|---|---|
| KR20020067544A (en) | 2002-08-22 |
| BR0016504A (en) | 2002-11-05 |
| AR027902A1 (en) | 2003-04-16 |
| US20040024003A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
| AU781946B2 (en) | 2005-06-23 |
| KR100597806B1 (en) | 2006-07-10 |
| CN1407889A (en) | 2003-04-02 |
| IL150127A0 (en) | 2002-12-01 |
| CZ20022063A3 (en) | 2002-09-11 |
| HUP0203733A2 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
| WO2001043728A1 (en) | 2001-06-21 |
| ZA200204225B (en) | 2003-03-03 |
| AU2839201A (en) | 2001-06-25 |
| PL355816A1 (en) | 2004-05-17 |
| CA2393838A1 (en) | 2001-06-21 |
| MXPA02005857A (en) | 2002-10-23 |
| JP2003516961A (en) | 2003-05-20 |
| DE19960154A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
| RU2002115277A (en) | 2004-01-10 |
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