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EP1238251A1 - Dispositif pour mesurer un angle et/ou la vitesse angulaire d'un corps rotatif et/ou le couple de rotation applique a ce dernier - Google Patents

Dispositif pour mesurer un angle et/ou la vitesse angulaire d'un corps rotatif et/ou le couple de rotation applique a ce dernier

Info

Publication number
EP1238251A1
EP1238251A1 EP00993336A EP00993336A EP1238251A1 EP 1238251 A1 EP1238251 A1 EP 1238251A1 EP 00993336 A EP00993336 A EP 00993336A EP 00993336 A EP00993336 A EP 00993336A EP 1238251 A1 EP1238251 A1 EP 1238251A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
angle
markings
devices
field
torque
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP00993336A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
David Heisenberg
Thomas Klotzbuecher
Gunther Haas
Lutz Dorfmueller
Henrik Siegle
Axel Wenzler
Klaus Marx
Franz Jost
Ralf Noltemeyer
Martin Freitag
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10041095.2A external-priority patent/DE10041095B4/de
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1238251A1 publication Critical patent/EP1238251A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D15/00—Steering not otherwise provided for
    • B62D15/02—Steering position indicators ; Steering position determination; Steering aids
    • B62D15/021—Determination of steering angle
    • B62D15/0215—Determination of steering angle by measuring on the steering column
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D6/00—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits
    • B62D6/08—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits responsive only to driver input torque
    • B62D6/10—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits responsive only to driver input torque characterised by means for sensing or determining torque
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G01D5/245—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains using a variable number of pulses in a train
    • G01D5/2451—Incremental encoders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
    • G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
    • G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
    • G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
    • G01L3/12—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving photoelectric means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/22—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force applied to control members, e.g. control members of vehicles, triggers
    • G01L5/221—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force applied to control members, e.g. control members of vehicles, triggers to steering wheels, e.g. for power assisted steering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/12—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by observing elastic covers or coatings, e.g. soapy water
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/486—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by photo-electric detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/487—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by rotating magnets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/11—Mounting of sensors thereon

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to a device for measuring the angle and / or the angular velocity of a rotatable body, and in particular to a device for measuring the angle and / or the angular velocity of a rotatable body and / or the torque acting on it.
  • DE-A-195 06 938 by the applicant discloses a device for measuring the angle and / or the angular velocity of the rotatable body, in particular a body rotatable by more than 360 ° according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the first and second devices are each formed by a gearwheel with an associated angle sensor, the two gearwheels having a gearwheel with different numbers of teeth are engaged, which is mounted on the steering wheel shaft.
  • the angle of the steering axis can thus be determined from the existing angle and / or phase difference of the two gear wheels.
  • This device thus offers the advantage that multiple revolutions can be detected, but is disadvantageous in that the detection takes place with the interposition of gears and thus not without contact.
  • angle sensors are also known, which are based on contactless detection. However, these are generally not suitable for capturing angles very precisely. These devices and methods also require complex evaluation circuits and algorithms or alternatively have insufficient accuracy or an insufficient measuring range, e.g. if the device is only suitable for small angles.
  • the invention proposes that, in the generic device, the rotatable body and a stationary part of the device as part of each device are assigned a field-generating and / or changing or an arrangement responsive to the field.
  • each of the devices that respond in different ways to a rotation of the body provides an output signal that can be detected without contact.
  • the influence of errors, due to the tolerances of previously used gears, can be avoided. Wear-free and low-noise operation is advantageous.
  • the arrangement responsive to the field can advantageously contain a field-generating and / or changing arrangement, which makes it possible to evaluate the mutually influencing or influenced fields in order to arrive at the angle of rotation to be detected.
  • At least one field flow guiding element is provided, in particular to form closed field lines. In this way, tolerances and temporal changes in the Manage fields more easily, for example the pole width is less critical when using magnets.
  • At least one of the field-generating and / or changing arrangements provides a periodically changing field, in particular an electric and / or magnetic field.
  • a periodically changing field the detection accuracy can be increased if the sensors are designed accordingly, and in particular even minimal angular steps can be determined more precisely by a periodically changing magnetic field.
  • the accuracy increases with the number of pole pairs.
  • At least one of the field-generating and / or changing arrangements is formed peripherally circumferentially with respect to the rotatable body, in particular fixed to it or integrated in it.
  • This preferred embodiment enables a device which only has minimal space requirements, so that it can easily be used as a steering angle sensor.
  • At least one of the field generating and / or changing arrangements can have a radial field, e.g. Form magnetic field, electric field or an electromagnetic field.
  • the sensors could be provided radially with respect to the rotating body.
  • At least one of the field-generating and / or changing arrangements to form an axial field, with the detection sensors being positioned accordingly.
  • At least two field-generating and / or changing arrangements are provided which form different fields, in particular one defining a different number of field poles, which in particular can be different by one.
  • Detection arrangements are formed at appropriate locations.
  • At least one of the field-generating and / or changing arrangements is designed as a multi-pole wheel or multi-pole ring.
  • a multi-pole wheel or ring is an arrangement of poles which alternately have inverse poles or alternately contain sections which produce field and non-field or field and non-field sections.
  • the field-changing arrangement can advantageously take the form of a punched, slotted or perforated disc or a punched, slotted or perforated ring, depending on whether radial or axial fields are used.
  • At least one of the arrangements responsive to the field can contain at least two field sensors that provide sinusoidal or asinusoidal output signals, in particular by a quarter period of the one that generates and / or changes the corresponding field Arrangement formed periodic field spaced.
  • the field can be an electric field, a magnetic field or any electromagnetic field.
  • the sensors are advantageously connected in a bridge circuit, in particular a Wheatstone bridge circuit, and transmit their signals to them from.
  • the bridge circuit can be used to form a difference, the use of elements with a linear characteristic additionally leading to the result that the respective angle value output can be determined directly without using a complex arctangent method.
  • each sensor of a device is connected in a partial bridge circuit, in particular a half bridge of the bridge circuit.
  • the device according to the invention is used as a steering wheel angle sensor, at least two field-generating and / or changing arrangements being assigned to the steering shaft as field pole code tracks, in particular magnetic code tracks.
  • An alternative embodiment is provided as essential to the invention for measuring an angle and / or a torque, which detects an angle of rotation relative to the fixed sensors with the aid of first and second optical devices.
  • the optical devices are attached to the rotatable body, in this case the steering axle of a motor vehicle.
  • the two devices essentially have two optically scannable code tracks, each code track being assigned an optical sensor.
  • the optical scanning has the advantage that the light beams are easier to detect and cannot be influenced by electromagnetic interference fields.
  • the optically scanned signal can be easily converted into an electrical signal using a photo sensor. It is also advantageous that a digital output signal is obtained by the optical scanning, from which angle or angle changes with high Have accuracy and immunity to contamination determined.
  • the code signal is recorded in digital and uniform form by a large number of optically recognizable markings, so that the angle of rotation can be determined by simple phase comparison between assigned code tracks.
  • the fields of the markings can be distinguished with regard to their light intensity, color and / or size.
  • there are clear Pontoscuro transitions which are recognizable due to the steep voltage jump in the electrical signal. This results in a clear demarcation that is largely immune to interference.
  • the contrast between the Corposcuro or at the Corposcuro transitions can be further improved by illuminating the markings with a luminous element.
  • the number of markings of adjacent tracks of a device is advantageously selected differently in order to achieve a phase shift which can be varied over the circumference of the axis of rotation.
  • the vernier in particular that, use a modified vernier method to determine the angle.
  • the measurement accuracy is advantageously increased in that the results of the measurements from the code tracks are corrected again using the modified vernier method.
  • a torsion element with known torsional rigidity is used between the two devices. If the angles of rotation are then measured both in the first and in the second device, the torque can advantageously be determined from the difference between the two angles and the known torsional rigidity. In this way, two parameters can be measured simultaneously with the device according to the invention.
  • the markings of the two devices are preferably selected such that the classic or modified vernier method can be applied again to the respective measurement results. This increases the measuring accuracy and / or the measuring range of the device without the need for additional devices.
  • an encapsulation for the device appears to be particularly advantageous.
  • the device is seen in a steering axle of a motor vehicle in order to measure the angle of rotation and / or the torque.
  • These variables can be used for other vehicle functions that are required, for example, to determine the dynamic vehicle stability, to support the steering force and / or the navigation.
  • the solution according to the invention provides a simple detection of angles and / or angular velocities of a rotatable body, which also includes a torque measurement, the evaluation circuit can be designed in a simple manner and the space required to implement the device is very small.
  • FIG. 1 shows a steering wheel angle sensor according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention in systematic supervision (FIG. 1A), in a tangential sectional view (FIG. 1B) and in radial sectional views at different angular positions (FIGS. IC and 1D)
  • FIG. 2 shows a variant of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in a corresponding representation, with field-changing devices being implemented instead of the field-generating devices used in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows yet another
  • Steering wheel angle encoder device as a third preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which a radial field is used instead of the axial field used in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 4 is an embodiment variant of FIG. 3, with, as in FIG. 2, field-changing devices instead of field-generating devices.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment variant to FIG. 3, in different angular positions (FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B), a field-generating arrangement serving as a field-changing arrangement.
  • FIG. 6 shows schematically the position detection in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 using field flow control elements.
  • Figure 7 represents an embodiment of a combined
  • FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of a combined steering angle / steering torque sensor (schematically).
  • FIG. 9 shows different designs of the sensors according to FIG. 7 or 8, it also being possible for a plurality of sensors to be present per magnetic track for the purpose of averaging.
  • Figure 10 shows the evaluation of the signals of a combined steering angle / steering torque sensor.
  • FIG. 11 shows an optical device with two optical devices arranged one above the other, each with two code tracks and four sensors.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 comprises a disc mounted on the steering axle 10, on which code tracks 20, 22 are provided.
  • Each of the code tracks 20, 22 comprises a plurality of alternately arranged permanent magnets, as indicated by the arrows with different orientations.
  • the two code tracks 20, 22 have a different division, with the smallest possible difference being particularly advantageous, such as a difference of just one pair of poles.
  • one of the tracks 20, 22 contains a division of n-pole pairs, while the other comprises division of n + 1-pole pairs.
  • the code tracks 20, 22 are thus rotated by a corresponding angle in the embodiment shown.
  • sensor arrangements 12 and 14 are provided above each of the code tracks 20, 22. The relative position of the underlying magnetic code track 20 or 22 can thus be detected by the sensor arrangement 12, 14.
  • the sensing sensor elements can customary sine / cosine signals generating measuring elements, for. B. AMR, GMR Hall sensors.
  • the evaluation algorithm can be carried out using the arc tangent method.
  • each of the sensor arrangements 12, 14 comprises two sensors 12a, 12b and 14a, 14b, respectively.
  • the sensors 12a and 12b or 14a and 14b, which are provided in pairs, are advantageously spaced apart by a quarter or eighth period of the periodically changing magnetic field formed by the code tracks 20, 22.
  • Such a distance enables the sensors to be connected in each case as a half-bridge of a Wheatstone bridge circuit, so that a simple evaluation circuit can be implemented since, on the one hand, a difference is formed and, on the other hand, when using elements with an essentially linear characteristic curve, an approximately linear, almost linear angle signal can be evaluated provided.
  • the angular positions thus detected can be related to one another, so that the real angle of the rotatable body 10 can be determined using the generally known vernier method or better using a modified vernier method or a combination of both methods.
  • the extended vernier process is described in the document DE-A-195 06 938, so that this process need not be explained in more detail.
  • a field-changing device is used instead of the magnetic tracks, which also defines code tracks 24, 26.
  • the mode of operation and the general structure are similar to FIG. 1, so that a repeated description is not intended here.
  • a fixed permanent magnet 28 is positioned below the disk, which moves with the rotatable body 10 and contains code tracks 24, 26.
  • the code tracks are formed by simple cutouts, but the person skilled in the art should recognize that a wide variety of options can be used here. So it would be e.g. conceivable to provide areas with a different magnetic permeability instead of the simple cutouts. If other than magnetic fields are used, a corresponding configuration would be conceivable, taking into account different dielectric properties, optical properties or combined dielectric and magnetic permeability properties.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which the code tracks 20, 22 are not arranged on a disk, but rather are embedded directly in the steering axle 10.
  • the code tracks thus provide a radially periodically changing field, for example a magnetic field, which can be detected by correspondingly arranged sensor arrangements 12, 14.
  • the evaluation is the same as for the previous embodiments using the vernier method, so that the present phase difference between the detection signals can be used to determine the total angle of rotation of the steering axis.
  • each sensor arrangement 12, 14 comprises two sensors which are spaced apart by a quarter period ⁇ / 4 of the changing field in order to enable simple evaluation.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, which essentially combines the principles of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the rotating body 10 is designed as a hollow tube, in the center of which a simple current-carrying wire or an optical waveguide can be arranged as a field-generating device.
  • the rotating body 10 contains two recessed rings which, as before, form code tracks 24, 26.
  • each of the code tracks should have a different division, in particular a division that differs by one, i.e. one of the code tracks should have a number of n openings, while the other should have a number of n + 1 recesses.
  • the sensors are arranged in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 3 in order to detect the respectively changing field above a respective track 24, 26 when the rotating body 10 rotates.
  • the entire angle of rotation is determined by means of an evaluation circuit and using the vernier method from the difference, in particular phase difference, of the two signals.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b schematically show one of the first and second devices which, in response to the rotation of the body 10, sends different signals to one Output evaluation circuit, not shown.
  • ring-like magnetic multipole wheels 20, 22 and 24, 26 are used similarly to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the inner multipole ring being connected to the rotating body 10, as in the previous embodiments.
  • the outer magnetic pole ring 24, 26 is designed to be rotatable with respect to the rotatable body 10 and the inner magnetic pole ring 20, 22, so that a periodically changing mutual influence of the respective fields formed results.
  • the respective magnetic poles oppose each other in such a way that the fields essentially cancel each other out.
  • the poles are arranged in such a way that the respective field strengths add up.
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b show, as a further component of the arrangement responding to the field, a field evaluation device which in the present case comprises two Hall sensors 12, 14.
  • the fields generated by the multipole rings shown in FIG. 5 are conducted to the Hall sensors 12, 14 by field guiding elements 32, 34, 36.
  • an upper flux guide piece 32 is provided, which leads field lines in the transition area between the two multipole rings 20, 22 and 24, 26 to one of the Hall sensors.
  • closed field lines are thus formed in the upper section with an antiparallel pole position, as shown in FIG. 5a, a T-piece 36 being provided as a further field flow guiding element behind the upper Hall sensor 12, 14.
  • the device according to the invention enables an exact and simple determination of the angle of the rotatable body, with no intervention by e.g. Gears or the like is necessary.
  • a simple and exact angular measurement or angular velocity measurement is carried out on a non-contact basis using simple known components which, as mentioned, should advantageously contain elements with a linear characteristic.
  • the different adaptations to different field-generating and / or field-influencing devices should be familiar to the person skilled in the art and therefore do not require any further detailed description here. Since there is no need for any moving parts whatsoever, the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for use as a steering wheel angle sensor, in particular since a high measuring accuracy is given with a minimal installation space required.
  • FIGS. 7 to 11 show different embodiments of combined steering angle / steering torque sensors, including the associated evaluation methods.
  • the multipole wheels are each scanned by sensor elements delivering sine / cosine signals.
  • the output signals from the sensor elements are evaluated using the modified vernier method, whereby the following must be observed:
  • Errors that are included in the evaluation can be reduced using special correction methods that take into account the principles of the classic and / or the modified vernier principle.
  • the acting torque for example the steering torque
  • the acting torque can also be determined.
  • the torque applied during the steering process causes the torsion bar integrated in the steering column to twist.
  • the upper end rotates relative to the lower end, for example, by a maximum of +/- 5 °.
  • this relative angle of rotation In order to record the steering torque, this relative angle of rotation, the so-called torsion angle, must be measured.
  • Either the absolute steering angle of the upper and lower ends of the torsion bar is determined using the methods described under 1). The difference between the two angles then corresponds to the torsion angle. Or you can measure it directly via the relative displacement of two identically coded pole wheels, one of which is attached to the upper and the other to the lower end of the torsion bar. At least three pole wheels are necessary for this.
  • Magnet wheel combinations Each magnet wheel can also be viewed as a magnetic code track.
  • pole wheels whose number of poles is prime, e.g. with n and n + 1 pole pairs; these can also be attached as two code tracks on a magnet wheel;
  • the proposal relates e.g. B. for the simultaneous measurement of the steering angle and the steering torque.
  • a magnetic measuring method is shown as a measuring principle.
  • the proposal is not limited to this magnetic method. Any principle - optical, eddy current, inductive ... that is based on analog sine-cosine signals can be used.
  • a torsion bar is installed in the steering in order to measure the angle of rotation and the torque.
  • At one end of the torsion bar T there are two multipole rings with M and M + X magnetic poles.
  • At the other end there is a third multipole ring with M magnetic poles.
  • There is a sensor above each ring (AMR, Hall, GMR, field plate). Each sensor supplies a sine and a cosine signal, which depends on the mechanical angle.
  • the torque is measured via the angle difference.
  • the torque is proportional to the angle difference in the elastic measuring range of the torsion element.
  • the angular difference is recorded at the torsion ends via the two signals S1 (Usin (l), Ucos (D) and S3 (Usin (3), Ucos (3)).
  • the sensor delivers two signals:
  • U are the electrical signals at the respective mechanical angle w.
  • A are amplitudes and 0 are the offset values of the sensors.
  • the amplitudes and offsets of the four signals from maxima and minima can be determined by the mechanical rotation.
  • An alternative method for offset determination and offset adjustment has been shown in DE-P 199 28482.
  • the corrected signals U # are offset-adjusted.
  • the angular difference wl-w3 is sought.
  • This evaluation method is very sensitive to the smallest angle differences. Using the procedure described above, the moment can be determined directly from the angle difference. Another approach would be to regulate the difference to zero by means of a closed control loop. The controlled variable would correspond to the angle difference.
  • Absolute angle The known method of the modified vernier principle is used for the absolute angle. Tracking the integer k (allowed / not allowed) jumps enables error detection and the implementation of a withdrawal strategy. Torque: - If the angle difference exceeds the maximum permissible range, e.g. B. +/- 4 °, an error message is issued. In the event of an overload, for example, the system no longer intervenes.
  • the two devices 7 and 8 are arranged on a rotatable body 3.
  • the rotatable body 3 is preferably designed as a steering axle in a motor vehicle and has a torsion element 5 with which a torque acting on the steering axle 3 can be measured.
  • the two devices 7, 8 are arranged at the two ends of the torsion element 5, so that when a torque acts on the torsion element 5, a different angle of rotation can be measured as an angle difference ⁇ - ⁇ .
  • the two devices 7, 8 each have two code tracks la, lb and 2a, 2b.
  • the code tracks have the same structure with regard to the width of their neighboring fields, but have different numbers of markings 9 calculated over their circumference.
  • the code track la has 45 markings 9
  • the code track 1b has 50 markings 9
  • the code track 2a has 44 markings 9
  • the code track 2b has 48 markings 9 distributed over its circumference.
  • Two adjacent markings or fields 9 differ in terms of their light intensity, their color and / or their size. They are preferably designed as light-dark fields, so that there are sharp and high-contrast light-dark transitions. To increase the contrast, are
  • Lighting fixtures 6 are provided, which are arranged in relation to the devices 7, 8 in such a way that they throw the light reflected by the markings 9 into assigned sensors 4.
  • each code track la, lb, 2a, 2b is assigned a sensor 4, which essentially only receives the reflected light of the assigned code track.
  • the sensor 4 converts the received light signal into uniform electrical signals which can be tapped as digital signals Sla, Slb, S2a and S2b at the output of the sensors 4 and are fed to an evaluation circuit (not shown).
  • the markings 9 of the code tracks 1a, 1b and 2a, 2b are formed uniformly.
  • Each of the two code tracks la, lb and 2a, 2b of the devices 7 and 8 are exactly matched to one another and have a relative phase offset.
  • This phase shift also has an effect in the electrical signal Sla, Slb, S2a, S2b, as can be seen in FIG. 12 by the lines shown in broken lines.
  • the offset from one pulse to the next pulse increases with increasing angle of rotation, so that this difference is evaluated with a standard or in particular with the known modified vernier method, which is also known from DE 195 06 938 AI.
  • the smallest unit of a marking 9 is determined in particular by the light-dark transition.
  • an encapsulating encapsulation 10 is preferably provided which surrounds the rotatable body 3 as tightly as possible.
  • markings 9 were chosen for each of the four code tracks la, lb, 2a and 2b, in order to achieve high measurement accuracy and angular resolution for the angle of rotation as far as possible with the modified vernier method.
  • the measurement values from tracks la, lb are repeated five times per circumference and with tracks 2a, 2b four times per circumference. If these measured values are subjected to the modified vernier procedure again, a measured value is obtained which is unique over the entire circumference ⁇ 2 ⁇ ). This achieves a high resolution for the angle, which results from the large number of divisions.
  • a measured value is obtained which is unique over the entire circumference ⁇ 2 ⁇ ). This achieves a high resolution for the angle, which results from the large number of divisions.
  • a high resolution for the angle which results from the large number of divisions.
  • the modified vernier method allows, without reducing the accuracy, that there can be a difference angle between the first code tracks la, lb and the second code tracks 2a, 2b. This difference angle can also result, for example, from the twisting of the torsion bar 5. If the difference angle ⁇ - ⁇ is measured in accordance with the two devices 7, 8, then, if the torsional stiffness of the torsion element 5 is known, the torque transmitted through the steering axis 3 can also be determined in addition to the angle of rotation.
  • one or more further optical code tracks are a third Device predictable, as previously described in connection with the magnetic devices.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif pour mesurer un angle et/ou le couple de rotation appliqué à un corps rotatif, la rotation angulaire étant détectée au moyen de détecteurs magnétiques ou optiques. Dans un mode de réalisation préférée de l'invention, on utilise deux unités (7, 8) qui présentent chacune deux voies d'information pouvant être lues par voie optique. Ces deux voies d'information (1a, 1b ou 2a, 2b) d'une unité (7 ou 8) se présentent sous la même forme et sont décalées l'une par rapport à l'autre de sorte que des détecteurs associés (4) émettent un signal numérique. L'angle de rotation est calculé à partir du décalage des deux signaux numériques. En variante, un élément de torsion (5) présentant une rigidité en torsion connue est placé entre les deux unités (7, 8). Il est ainsi possible de calculer également un couple de rotation transmis par le corps rotatif (3) à partir de la différence angulaire entre les deux unités (7, 8). Ce dispositif s'utilise de préférence dans l'essieu directeur d'un véhicule automobile.
EP00993336A 1999-12-06 2000-12-05 Dispositif pour mesurer un angle et/ou la vitesse angulaire d'un corps rotatif et/ou le couple de rotation applique a ce dernier Ceased EP1238251A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19958598 1999-12-06
DE19958598 1999-12-06
DE10041095.2A DE10041095B4 (de) 1999-12-06 2000-08-22 Vorrichtung zur Messung eines Winkels und/oder eines Drehmomentes eines drehbaren Körpers
DE10041095 2000-08-22
PCT/DE2000/004335 WO2001042753A1 (fr) 1999-12-06 2000-12-05 Dispositif pour mesurer un angle et/ou la vitesse angulaire d'un corps rotatif et/ou le couple de rotation applique a ce dernier

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1238251A1 true EP1238251A1 (fr) 2002-09-11

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EP00993336A Ceased EP1238251A1 (fr) 1999-12-06 2000-12-05 Dispositif pour mesurer un angle et/ou la vitesse angulaire d'un corps rotatif et/ou le couple de rotation applique a ce dernier

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6935193B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1238251A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU775247B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001042753A1 (fr)

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AU775247B2 (en) 2004-07-22
US20030145663A1 (en) 2003-08-07
WO2001042753A1 (fr) 2001-06-14
AU2828501A (en) 2001-06-18

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