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EP1234361A2 - Gaz-filled surge diverter with electrode connections in the shape of band-type clips - Google Patents

Gaz-filled surge diverter with electrode connections in the shape of band-type clips

Info

Publication number
EP1234361A2
EP1234361A2 EP00945608A EP00945608A EP1234361A2 EP 1234361 A2 EP1234361 A2 EP 1234361A2 EP 00945608 A EP00945608 A EP 00945608A EP 00945608 A EP00945608 A EP 00945608A EP 1234361 A2 EP1234361 A2 EP 1234361A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
clamp
gas
surge arrester
filled surge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00945608A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1234361B1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Boy
Peter Bobert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Electronics AG
Original Assignee
Epcos AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Epcos AG filed Critical Epcos AG
Publication of EP1234361A2 publication Critical patent/EP1234361A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1234361B1 publication Critical patent/EP1234361B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of surge protection for communication networks and is concerned with the design of the power supply elements to the electrodes of a gas-filled surge arrester.
  • gas-filled surge arresters are used in communication networks and the associated devices, which have one or two or three discharge paths and for this purpose consist of two end electrodes and possibly a further electrode in the form of a central electrode and one or two hollow cylindrical ceramic insulators.
  • the ceramic insulator is usually soldered to the end electrodes on the face (US 4,266,260 A), in the case of three-electrode surge arresters, the ceramic insulators are either on the circumference or on the face both with the center electrode and with one each End electrode soldered (US 3,885,203 A, US
  • the electrodes are contacted on their outer circumference either within a housing with the aid of resilient clamps or with the aid of connecting wires which are soldered or welded to one electrode tangentially, radially or axially at one end and which are welded at their other end are provided with a plug-in contact element or are designed for soldering (US 4,212,047, US 4,984,125 A).
  • a plug-in contact element or are designed for soldering US 4,212,047, US 4,984,125 A.
  • Riveting or ultrasonic welding can also be considered as an inseparable tension lock.
  • the band-like clamps can also be designed so wide that they enclose not only the electrically conductive foot region of the respective end electrode but also the subsequent ceramic insulator in each case over a part of its axial length. This can have a positive influence on the electrical behavior of the surge arrester (DE 196 41 385 AI / US 5,768,082 A).
  • each clamp associated with an end electrode is designed to be resilient in the circumferential direction. This can be achieved, for example, by providing the clamp with a two-leg, bracket-like bulge.
  • the clamp can also be given the shape of a cap which has a hollow cylindrical edge region and a planar cover region provided with a central opening, the edge region being provided on the periphery with a plurality of bead-like impressions which bear against the foot part of the respective end electrode.
  • the electrical connection of the respective end electrode can be prefabricated as part of an automatic production process and can also be pushed onto the respective end electrode.
  • the spring tension of the clamp is sufficient to ensure reliable contacting of the respective end electrode under normal and medium current loads.
  • a clamp designed according to the invention can also perform other functions if it is used with three-electrode
  • the clamp can be placed on the surge arrester in such a way that it axially projects beyond the base of the respective end electrode by a certain length.
  • This protruding area of the clamp can be assigned parts of a short-circuit device electrically connected to the center electrode, and optionally also parts of an auxiliary discharge path electrically connected in parallel with the gas discharge path.
  • the clamp can be assigned parts of a short-circuit device electrically connected to the center electrode, and optionally also parts of an auxiliary discharge path electrically connected in parallel with the gas discharge path.
  • the clamp can still be provided with a disk-shaped auxiliary electrode. arrange, the diameter of which is at least equal to the outer diameter of the clamp and which is held at a distance from the edge of the clamp by means of the melting disk and the spacer and is pressed against the spacer by means of a spring.
  • This spring can be a known spring clip (US 4,984,125, Fig. 1). But you can also use a spiral spring or a spring washer, which is fixed by means of a U-shaped bracket attached to the center electrode.
  • the spacer holding the disk-shaped auxiliary electrode at a distance from the edge of the clamp can be an insulating body or - preferably - a varistor in a known manner (see US Pat. No. 5,388,023, FIG. 1).
  • a cap-like auxiliary electrode (similar to US Pat. No. 5,633,777, FIG. 3, part 37 and US Pat. No. 5,388,023, FIG. 1, part 15) can also be provided, which is under the action of a spring clip electrically connected to the central electrode and those with their edge in the area formed by the protruding area of the clamp
  • the short-circuiting device is formed by the flat top surface of the cap and by the free end of a spring clip which engages in the central opening of the cap, the short-circuiting device being formed by the flat top surface of the cap and by the free in the center opening of the
  • Cap engaging end of a spring clip connected to the center electrode is formed, the free end of the spring clip by means of a melting disc and the auxiliary discharge. tion path, which are arranged within the cap
  • the auxiliary discharge path consists of a varistor, which is arranged in isolation by means of the insulating centering piece.
  • a perforated mica foil can also serve as an auxiliary discharge path, on which the melting disk lies against the cap in an insulated manner.
  • FIGS. 1 to 8 Several exemplary embodiments of surge arresters designed according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 1 to 8. It shows
  • FIG. 1 shows a three-electrode arrester with the clamps associated with the end electrodes of a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows a two-electrode arrester with the clamps associated with the two electrodes of a first embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a partial view of a three-electrode arrester with clamps according to FIG 1 and with the short-circuit device associated with an end electrode, which is combined with an auxiliary discharge path
  • FIG. 4 shows a variant of FIG. 3 with an auxiliary electrode designed as a cap
  • FIG. 5 shows a variant of FIG. 3 with a rigid retaining bracket for the short-circuit device and a spring washer assigned to the auxiliary electrode.
  • FIG. 6 shows a two-electrode arrester with a clamp to be assigned in a second embodiment
  • Figure 7 shows a three-electrode arrester with clamps associated with the end electrodes in the form of a cap and 8 shows a partial view of a three-electrode arrester with clamps according to FIG. 7 and with the short-circuit device associated with an end electrode, which is combined with an auxiliary discharge path.
  • Figure 1 shows a basic representation of a three-electrode arrester 1, which has the two ceramic insulators 11 and 12 on both sides of a central electrode 13 and on whose one end electrode, not shown, an electrical connection in the form of a tight-fitting clamp 2 is placed.
  • a similar clamp 2 is shown next to the end electrode 14.
  • This clamp which consists of an annular metal band 21, the ends of which are soldered or welded to a connection 22, is provided on the circumference, approximately opposite to the connection 22, with a two-legged, clamp-like bulge 23, so that the clamp 2 in catch direction is resilient.
  • the clamp can be pushed onto the flange-like foot part 15 of the end electrode 14, the dimensions of the foot part 15 of the end electrode 14 and the clamp 2 being chosen so that there is sufficient contact pressure.
  • the diameter of the foot part 15 should be slightly larger than the diameter of the ceramic insulator 11 or 12.
  • FIG. 2 shows a two-electrode arrester which has a ceramic insulator 31, a first end electrode 33 and a second end electrode (not shown in more detail), a spring-elastic clamp 2 being placed on each end electrode.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section of a three-electrode arrester according to FIG. 1, which is supplemented by a short-circuit device and combined with auxiliary discharge paths.
  • Part of the surface of the ceramic insulator 12 includes, but also protrudes axially beyond the end electrode 14. This forms a cylindrical space in which a disc 4 made of a fusible material and a spacer 5 in the form of a varistor are arranged, the spacer 5 being arranged centered within the clamp 24 by means of a rubber-like ring 6.
  • the assembly consisting of melting disk 4 and vario-sturgeon 5 is also assigned a disk-shaped, centrally perforated auxiliary electrode 7, which rests on the spacer / varistor 5 and is held by means of the free end of a spring clip 8 fixed to the center electrode 13. - In the event of an overload, the melting disk 4 melts, whereupon the auxiliary electrode 7 contacts the edge of the clamp 24.
  • FIG. 4 shows a variant of FIG. 3, the essential difference being that instead of a disk-shaped auxiliary electrode, a cap-shaped auxiliary electrode 84 is provided, in which a melting disk 41 and a spacer / varistor 5 are arranged and the edge 85 of which is within the outstanding one Area of the clamp 24 faces the foot part 15 of the end electrode.
  • the auxiliary electrode 84 is centered by means of an insulating ring 10 and is kept isolated from the clamp 24 at a distance.
  • FIG. 5 shows another variant of FIG. 3, the essential difference being that the contact to the center electrode 13 is made via a non-resilient, U-shaped bracket 82 which presses a spring washer 83 against the auxiliary electrode 71.
  • the spring washer - shown in the relaxed state to the right of the Abieiter - lies on the ben-shaped auxiliary electrode 71, which is provided on both sides with centering surfaces 72 and 73 for the central assignment of the spring washer 83 and for the central assignment of the 7 spacer / varistor 5 within the projecting area of the clamp 24.
  • FIG. 6 shows a two-electrode arrester 3 with ceramic insulator 31 and end electrodes 33 and 34, with each end electrode being assigned a clamp 25 in the form of a cap with a hollow cylindrical edge region 26 and a flat cover region 27 provided with a central opening 28 .
  • the cap 25 is also designed with a power connection 29.
  • the cap is provided on the circumference of the edge region 26 with a plurality of point-like or bead-like indentations 30 which, when the cap 25 is pushed onto an end electrode, cause the cap to resiliently rest against the foot region of the respective end electrode and make contact with it.
  • FIG. 7 shows a three-electrode arrester 1, on the end electrodes of which a cap 25 is placed. - According to
  • FIG. 8 can also be part of a short-circuit device connected to the center electrode 13 and, if appropriate, additionally of an auxiliary discharge path which is electrically connected in parallel with the gas discharge path of the conductor.
  • a cap 25 is used with a sufficient height h in order to be able to arrange a melting disk 4 and a spacer 5 within the cap, the spacer being arranged in the form of a varistor using an insulating centering piece 9 in order to prevent a short circuit between the two in the normal operating state prevent free end 84 of the spring clip 8 and the cap 25.

Landscapes

  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Abstract

In order to simplify the mountability of electrode terminals in the form of band-like clips on either two-electrode or three-electrode arresters, the clips are resiliently fashioned in a circumferential direction. When such a clip axially projects beyond a foot part of the respective end electrode, the projecting region in a three-electrode arrester can be part of a short-circuit device which electrically connects to the middle electrode, potentially in combination with an auxiliary discharge path.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Gasgefüllter Überspannungsabieiter mit Elektrodenanschlüssen in Form bandartiger SchellenGas-filled surge arrester with electrode connections in the form of band-like clamps
Die Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet des Überspannungsschutzes für Kommunikationsnetze und befaßt sich mit der konstruktiven Ausgestaltung der Stromzuführungselemente zu den Elektroden eines gasgefüllten Überspannungsabieiters.The invention is in the field of surge protection for communication networks and is concerned with the design of the power supply elements to the electrodes of a gas-filled surge arrester.
Zum Schutz gegen Überspannungen, wie sie u.a. durch Blitzschläge auftreten können, werden in Kommunikationsnetzen und den zugehörigen Geräten gasgefüllte Überspannungsabieiter verwendet, die eine oder zwei bzw. drei Entladungsstrecken aufweisen und hierzu aus zwei Endelektroden und gegebenenfalls einer weiteren Elektrode in Form einer Mittelelektrode sowie aus einem oder zwei hohlzylindrischen Keramikisolatoren bestehen.To protect against overvoltages such as can occur due to lightning strikes, gas-filled surge arresters are used in communication networks and the associated devices, which have one or two or three discharge paths and for this purpose consist of two end electrodes and possibly a further electrode in the form of a central electrode and one or two hollow cylindrical ceramic insulators.
Bei Zwei-Elektroden-Überspannungsableitern ist der Keramikisolator in aller Regel stirnseitig mit den Endelektroden verlötet (US 4,266,260 A) , bei Drei-Elektroden-Überspannungs- ableitern sind die Keramikisolatoren entweder am Umfang oder stirnseitig sowohl mit der Mittelelektrode als auch mit je- weils einer Endelektrode verlötet (US 3,885,203 A, USIn the case of two-electrode surge arresters, the ceramic insulator is usually soldered to the end electrodes on the face (US 4,266,260 A), in the case of three-electrode surge arresters, the ceramic insulators are either on the circumference or on the face both with the center electrode and with one each End electrode soldered (US 3,885,203 A, US
4,212,047 A) . Die Kontaktierung der Elektroden an ihrem äußeren Umfang erfolgt dabei entweder innerhalb eines Gehäuses mit Hilfe von federnden Klemmen oder mit Hilfe von Anschlußdrähten, die mit ihrem einen Ende tangential, radial oder axial an jeweils eine Elektrode angelötet oder angeschweißt sind und die an ihrem anderen Ende mit einem steckbaren Kontaktelement versehen oder für eine Verlötung ausgebildet sind (US 4,212,047, US 4,984,125 A) . - Um bei gasgefüllten Über- spannungsableitern der höchsten Leistungsklasse die Stromzuführungselemente so auszubilden, daß sie auch extremen Strombelastungen sicher standhalten, ist es weiterhin bekannt, Stromzuführunselemente in Form einer bandartigen Schelle zu verwenden, die am Umfang des Überspannungsabieiters mittels eines lösbaren Spannverschlusses fixiert werden. Als unlösbarer Spannverschluß kommt auch eine Vernietung oder eine Ul- traschallschweißung in Betracht. - Die bandartigen Schellen können weiterhin so breit ausgebildet sein, daß sie nicht nur den elektrisch leitenden Fußbereich der jeweiligen Endelektrode sondern auch den anschließenden Keramikisolator jeweils auf einem Teil seiner axialen Länge umschließen. Dadurch kann das elektrische Verhalten des Überspannungsabieiters positiv beeinflußt werden (DE 196 41 385 AI/US 5,768,082 A) .4,212,047 A). The electrodes are contacted on their outer circumference either within a housing with the aid of resilient clamps or with the aid of connecting wires which are soldered or welded to one electrode tangentially, radially or axially at one end and which are welded at their other end are provided with a plug-in contact element or are designed for soldering (US 4,212,047, US 4,984,125 A). - In order to avoid gas voltage arresters of the highest performance class to design the power supply elements so that they withstand even extreme current loads, it is also known to use power supply elements in the form of a band-like clamp which are fixed to the circumference of the surge arrester by means of a releasable tension lock. Riveting or ultrasonic welding can also be considered as an inseparable tension lock. - The band-like clamps can also be designed so wide that they enclose not only the electrically conductive foot region of the respective end electrode but also the subsequent ceramic insulator in each case over a part of its axial length. This can have a positive influence on the electrical behavior of the surge arrester (DE 196 41 385 AI / US 5,768,082 A).
Es ist weiterhin bekannt, am stirnseitigen Ende der Endelektroden von Drei-Elektroden-Ableitern weitere Bauteile anzuordnen, um Kurzschlußeinrichtungen (Fail-Safe-Mechanismus) zu realisieren und/oder Hilfsentladungsstrecken elektrisch par- allel zu den Gasentladungsstrecken zu schalten. Zur radialen Fixierung der Bauteile werden dabei spezielle Ausgestaltungen im Fußbereich der Endelektroden und eine unter Federeinwirkung stehende und mit der Mittelelektrode des Überspannungs- ableiters elektrische verbundene Kappe verwendet (US 5,388,023 A, US 5,633,777 A, US 4,984,125 A/Figur la) .It is also known to arrange further components at the front end of the end electrodes of three-electrode arresters in order to implement short-circuit devices (fail-safe mechanism) and / or to electrically connect auxiliary discharge sections in parallel with the gas discharge sections. For the radial fixation of the components, special configurations are used in the foot region of the end electrodes and a cap which is under spring action and is electrically connected to the central electrode of the surge arrester (US 5,388,023 A, US 5,633,777 A, US 4,984,125 A / FIG. 1a).
Ausgehend von einem gasgefüllten Überspannungsabieiter mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Patentanspruches 1 liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Montierbarkeit der bandartigen Schellen zu vereinfachen und dabei möglichst ihre Funktion zu erweitern. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist zunächst vorgesehen, daß jede einer Endelektrode zugeordnete Schelle in Umfangsrichtung federelastisch ausgebildet ist. Dies läßt sich beispielsweise dadurch realisieren, daß die Schelle mittels einer zwei- schenkligen, klammerartigen Ausbuchtung versehen ist. Man kann der Schelle aber auch die Form einer Kappe geben, die einen hohlzylindrischen Randbereich und einen planen, mit einer Mittenδffnung versehenen Deckbereich aufweist, wobei der Randbereich am Umfang mit mehreren sickenartigen, am Fußteil der jeweiligen Endelektrode anliegenden Eindrückungen versehen ist. - Bei einer derartigen Ausgestaltung der Schelle kann der elektrische Anschluß der jeweiligen Endelektrode im Rahmen eines automatischen Fertigungsablaufes vorgefertigt und auch auf die jeweilige Endelektrode aufgeschoben werden. Die Federspannung der Schelle reicht dabei aus, um bei normaler und mittlerer Strombelastung eine sichere Kontaktierung der jeweiligen Endelektrode zu gewährleisten.Starting from a gas-filled surge arrester with the features of the preamble of claim 1, the invention has for its object to simplify the assembly of the band-like clamps and thereby expand their function as possible. To solve this problem it is initially provided that each clamp associated with an end electrode is designed to be resilient in the circumferential direction. This can be achieved, for example, by providing the clamp with a two-leg, bracket-like bulge. However, the clamp can also be given the shape of a cap which has a hollow cylindrical edge region and a planar cover region provided with a central opening, the edge region being provided on the periphery with a plurality of bead-like impressions which bear against the foot part of the respective end electrode. With such a configuration of the clamp, the electrical connection of the respective end electrode can be prefabricated as part of an automatic production process and can also be pushed onto the respective end electrode. The spring tension of the clamp is sufficient to ensure reliable contacting of the respective end electrode under normal and medium current loads.
Eine gemäß der Erfindung ausgebildete Schelle kann auch wei- tere Funktionen ausüben, wenn man sie bei Drei-Elektroden-A clamp designed according to the invention can also perform other functions if it is used with three-electrode
Ableitern zur Kontaktierung der beiden Endelektroden einsetzt und genügend breit ausbildet. In diesem Fall kann die Schelle so auf den Überspannungsabieiter aufgesetzt werden, daß sie das Fußteil der jeweiligen Endelektrode axial um eine gewisse Länge überragt. Diesem überragenden Bereich der Schelle können Teile einer mit der Mittelelektrode elektrisch verbundenen Kurzschlußeinrichtung zugeordnet werden, gegebenenfalls zusätzlich auch Teile einer zur Gasentladungsstrecke elektrisch parallel geschalteten Hilfsentladungsstrecke . Zu die- sem Zweck werden innerhalb des überragenden Bereiches derArresters used for contacting the two end electrodes and formed sufficiently wide. In this case, the clamp can be placed on the surge arrester in such a way that it axially projects beyond the base of the respective end electrode by a certain length. This protruding area of the clamp can be assigned parts of a short-circuit device electrically connected to the center electrode, and optionally also parts of an auxiliary discharge path electrically connected in parallel with the gas discharge path. For this purpose, the
Schelle eine Schmelzscheibe und ein Abstandhalter angeordnet; im Fall einer Schelle mit klammerartiger Ausbuchtung kann man der Schelle weiterhin eine scheibenförmige Hilfselektrode zu- ordnen, deren Durchmesser wenigstens gleich dem Außendurchmesser der Schelle ist und die mittels der Schmelzscheibe und des Abstandhalters auf Abstand zum Rand der Schelle gehalten und mittels einer Feder gegen den Abstandhalter gedrückt wird. Bei dieser Feder kann es sich um einen bekannten Federbügel (US 4,984,125, Fig. 1) handeln. Man kann aber auch eine Spiralfeder oder eine Federscheibe verwenden, die mittels eines an der Mittelelektrode befestigten, U-förmigen Bügels fixiert wird. - Bei dem die scheibenförmige Hilfselektrode auf Abstand zum Rand der Schelle haltenden Abstandhalter kann es sich in bekannter Weise um einen Isolierkörper oder - vorzugsweise - um einen Varistor handeln (siehe US 5,388,023, Figur 1) .Clamp a melting disc and a spacer arranged; in the case of a clamp with a clamp-like bulge, the clamp can still be provided with a disk-shaped auxiliary electrode. arrange, the diameter of which is at least equal to the outer diameter of the clamp and which is held at a distance from the edge of the clamp by means of the melting disk and the spacer and is pressed against the spacer by means of a spring. This spring can be a known spring clip (US 4,984,125, Fig. 1). But you can also use a spiral spring or a spring washer, which is fixed by means of a U-shaped bracket attached to the center electrode. The spacer holding the disk-shaped auxiliary electrode at a distance from the edge of the clamp can be an insulating body or - preferably - a varistor in a known manner (see US Pat. No. 5,388,023, FIG. 1).
Anstelle einer scheibenförmigen Hilfselektrode kann auch eine kappenartige Hilfselektrode (ähnlich US-PS 5,633,777, Fig. 3, Teil 37 und US-PS 5,388,023, Fig. 1, Teil 15) vorgesehen werden, die unter der Einwirkung eines mit der Mittelelektrode elektrisch verbundenen Federbügels steht und die mit ihrem Rand in den vom überragenden Bereich der Schelle gebildetenInstead of a disk-shaped auxiliary electrode, a cap-like auxiliary electrode (similar to US Pat. No. 5,633,777, FIG. 3, part 37 and US Pat. No. 5,388,023, FIG. 1, part 15) can also be provided, which is under the action of a spring clip electrically connected to the central electrode and those with their edge in the area formed by the protruding area of the clamp
Raum hineinragt, die Schmelzscheibe und den Abstandhalter aufnimmt und von der Schelle durch ein ringartiges Isolierteil isoliert auf Abstand gehalten wird.Protrudes into space, takes up the melting disc and the spacer and is kept at a distance from the clamp by means of a ring-shaped insulating part.
Im Fall einer Schelle in Form einer Kappe wird die Kurzschlußeinrichtung von der planen Deckfläche der Kappe und von dem freien, in die Mittenöffnung der Kappe eingreifenden Ende eines mit der Mittelelektrode verbundenen Federbügels gebildet, wobei die Kurzschlußeinrichtung von der planen Deckflä- ehe der Kappe und von dem freien in die Mittenöffnung derIn the case of a clamp in the form of a cap, the short-circuiting device is formed by the flat top surface of the cap and by the free end of a spring clip which engages in the central opening of the cap, the short-circuiting device being formed by the flat top surface of the cap and by the free in the center opening of the
Kappe eingreifenden Ende eines mit der Mittelelektrode verbundenen Federbügels gebildet wird, wobei das freie Ende des Federbügels mittels einer Schmelzscheibe und der Hilfsentla- dungsstrecke, die innerhalb der Kappe angeordnet sind, aufCap engaging end of a spring clip connected to the center electrode is formed, the free end of the spring clip by means of a melting disc and the auxiliary discharge. tion path, which are arranged within the cap
Abstand zur planen Deckfläche der Kappe gehalten wird und die Schmelzscheibe oder die Hilfsentladungsstrecke mittels eines isolierenden Zentrierstückes von der planen Deckfläche der Kappe isoliert ist. Auch hier besteht die Hilfsentladungsstrecke aus einem Varistor, der mittels des isolierenden Zentrierstückes isoliert angeordnet ist. Als Hilfsentladungsstrecke kann aber auch eine gelochte Glimmerfolie dienen, an der die Schmelzscheibe isoliert gegenüber der Kappe anliegt.Distance to the flat top surface of the cap is kept and the melting disk or the auxiliary discharge path is insulated from the flat top surface of the cap by means of an insulating centering piece. Here too, the auxiliary discharge path consists of a varistor, which is arranged in isolation by means of the insulating centering piece. However, a perforated mica foil can also serve as an auxiliary discharge path, on which the melting disk lies against the cap in an insulated manner.
Mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele von gemäß der Erfindung ausgebildeten Überspannungsableitern sind in den Figuren 1 bis 8 dargestellt. Dabei zeigtSeveral exemplary embodiments of surge arresters designed according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 1 to 8. It shows
Figur 1 einen Drei-Elektroden-Ableiter mit den Endelektro- den zugeordneten Schellen einer ersten Ausführungsform, Figur 2 einen Zwei-Elektroden-Ableiter mit den beiden Elektroden zugeordneten Schellen einer ersten Ausführungsform, Figur 3 eine Teilansicht eines Drei-Elektroden-Ableiters mit Schellen gemäß Figur 1 und mit der einen Endelektrode zugeordneter Kurzschlußeinrichtung, die mit einer Hilfsentladungsstrecke kombiniert ist, Figur 4 eine Variante zu Figur 3 mit einer als Kappe ausge- bildeten Hilfselektrode,1 shows a three-electrode arrester with the clamps associated with the end electrodes of a first embodiment, FIG. 2 shows a two-electrode arrester with the clamps associated with the two electrodes of a first embodiment, FIG. 3 shows a partial view of a three-electrode arrester with clamps according to FIG 1 and with the short-circuit device associated with an end electrode, which is combined with an auxiliary discharge path, FIG. 4 shows a variant of FIG. 3 with an auxiliary electrode designed as a cap,
Figur 5 eine Variante zu Figur 3 mit starrem Haltebügel für die Kurzschlußeinrichtung und einer der Hilfselektrode zugeordneten Federscheibe. Weiterhin zeigen Figur 6 einen Zwei-Elektroden-Ableiter mit einer zuzuord- nenden Schelle in einer zweiten Ausführungsform5 shows a variant of FIG. 3 with a rigid retaining bracket for the short-circuit device and a spring washer assigned to the auxiliary electrode. Furthermore, FIG. 6 shows a two-electrode arrester with a clamp to be assigned in a second embodiment
(Kappe) , Figur 7 einen Drei-Elektroden-Ableiter mit den Endelektroden zugeordneten Schellen in Form einer Kappe und Figur 8 eine Teilansicht eines Drei-Elektroden-Ableiters mit Schellen gemäß Figur 7 und mit der einen Endelektrode zugeordneter Kurzschlußeinrichtung, die mit einer Hilfsentladungsstrecke kombiniert ist.(Cap), Figure 7 shows a three-electrode arrester with clamps associated with the end electrodes in the form of a cap and 8 shows a partial view of a three-electrode arrester with clamps according to FIG. 7 and with the short-circuit device associated with an end electrode, which is combined with an auxiliary discharge path.
Figur 1 zeigt in prinzipieller Darstellung einen Drei- Elektroden-Ableiter 1, der beidseits einer Mittelelektrode 13 die beiden Keramikisolatoren 11 und 12 aufweist und auf dessen eine, nicht dargestellte Endelektrode ein elektrischer Anschluß in Form einer eng anliegenden Schelle 2 aufgesetzt ist. Eine gleichartige Schelle 2 ist neben der Endelektrode 14 dargestellt. Diese Schelle, die aus einem ringförmigen Metallband 21 besteht, dessen Enden zu einem Anschluß 22 verlötet oder verschweißt sind, ist am Umfang, etwa gegenüberlie- gend zum Anschluß 22, mit einer zweischenkligen, klammerartigen Ausbuchtung 23 versehen, wodurch die Schelle 2 in Um- fangsrichtung federelastisch ausgebildet ist. Die Schelle kann auf das flanschartige Fußteil 15 der Endelektrode 14 aufgeschoben werden, wobei die Abmessungen des Fußteiles 15 der Endelektrode 14 und der Schelle 2 so gewählt sind, daß ein ausreichender Kontaktdruck gegeben ist. Insbesondere sollte der Durchmesser des Fußteiles 15 geringfügig größer sein als der Durchmesser des Keramikisolators 11 bzw. 12.Figure 1 shows a basic representation of a three-electrode arrester 1, which has the two ceramic insulators 11 and 12 on both sides of a central electrode 13 and on whose one end electrode, not shown, an electrical connection in the form of a tight-fitting clamp 2 is placed. A similar clamp 2 is shown next to the end electrode 14. This clamp, which consists of an annular metal band 21, the ends of which are soldered or welded to a connection 22, is provided on the circumference, approximately opposite to the connection 22, with a two-legged, clamp-like bulge 23, so that the clamp 2 in catch direction is resilient. The clamp can be pushed onto the flange-like foot part 15 of the end electrode 14, the dimensions of the foot part 15 of the end electrode 14 and the clamp 2 being chosen so that there is sufficient contact pressure. In particular, the diameter of the foot part 15 should be slightly larger than the diameter of the ceramic insulator 11 or 12.
Figur 2 zeigt einen Zwei-Elektroden-Ableiter, der einen Keramikisolator 31, eine erste Endelektrode 33 sowie eine zweite nicht näher dargestellte Endelektrode aufweist, wobei auf jede Endelektrode eine federelastisch ausgebildete Schelle 2 aufgesetzt ist.FIG. 2 shows a two-electrode arrester which has a ceramic insulator 31, a first end electrode 33 and a second end electrode (not shown in more detail), a spring-elastic clamp 2 being placed on each end electrode.
Figur 3 zeigt ausschnittsweise einen Drei-Elektroden-Ableiter gemäß Figur 1, der um eine Kurzschlußeinrichtung ergänzt und mit Hilfsentladungsstrecken kombiniert ist. In diesem Fall ist die Breite b der auf die Endelektrode 14 aufgesetztenFIG. 3 shows a section of a three-electrode arrester according to FIG. 1, which is supplemented by a short-circuit device and combined with auxiliary discharge paths. In this case is the width b of that placed on the end electrode 14
Schelle 24 so groß gewählt, daß die Schelle nicht nur einenClamp 24 chosen so large that the clamp is not just one
Teil der Oberfläche des Keramikisolators 12 umfaßt, sondern auch axial über die Endelektrode 14 hinausragt . Dadurch ist ein zylindrischer Raum gebildet, in dem eine Scheibe 4 aus einem schmelzbaren Material und ein Abstandhalter 5 in Form eines Varistors angeordnet sind, wobei der Abstandhalter 5 mittels eines gummiartigen Ringes 6 innerhalb der Schelle 24 zentriert angeordnet ist. Der aus Schmelzscheibe 4 und Vari- stör 5 bestehenden Baugruppe ist noch eine scheibenförmige, mittig gelochte Hilfselektrode 7 zugeordnet, die an dem Abstandhalter/Varistor 5 anliegt und mittels des freien Endes eines an der Mittelelektrode 13 fixierten Federbügels 8 gehalten ist. - Im Überlastfall schmilzt die Schmelzscheibe 4, woraufhin die Hilfselektrode 7 den Rand der Schelle 24 kontaktiert .Part of the surface of the ceramic insulator 12 includes, but also protrudes axially beyond the end electrode 14. This forms a cylindrical space in which a disc 4 made of a fusible material and a spacer 5 in the form of a varistor are arranged, the spacer 5 being arranged centered within the clamp 24 by means of a rubber-like ring 6. The assembly consisting of melting disk 4 and vario-sturgeon 5 is also assigned a disk-shaped, centrally perforated auxiliary electrode 7, which rests on the spacer / varistor 5 and is held by means of the free end of a spring clip 8 fixed to the center electrode 13. - In the event of an overload, the melting disk 4 melts, whereupon the auxiliary electrode 7 contacts the edge of the clamp 24.
Figur 4 zeigt eine Variante zu Figur 3, wobei der wesentliche Unterschied darin besteht, daß anstelle einer scheibenförmi- gen Hilfselektrode eine kappenförmige Hilfselektrode 84 vorgesehen ist, in welcher eine Schmelzscheibe 41 und ein Abstandhalter/Varistor 5 angeordnet sind und deren Rand 85 innerhalb des überragenden Bereiches der Schelle 24 dem Fußteil 15 der Endelektrode gegenübersteht. Die Hilfselektrode 84 ist mittels eines Isolierringes 10 zentriert angeordnet und zur Schelle 24 isoliert auf Abstand gehalten.FIG. 4 shows a variant of FIG. 3, the essential difference being that instead of a disk-shaped auxiliary electrode, a cap-shaped auxiliary electrode 84 is provided, in which a melting disk 41 and a spacer / varistor 5 are arranged and the edge 85 of which is within the outstanding one Area of the clamp 24 faces the foot part 15 of the end electrode. The auxiliary electrode 84 is centered by means of an insulating ring 10 and is kept isolated from the clamp 24 at a distance.
Figur 5 zeigt eine andere Variante zu Figur 3, wobei der wesentliche Unterschied darin besteht, daß der Kontakt zur Mit- telelektrode 13 über einen nicht federnden, U-förmigen Bügel 82 hergestellt ist, der eine Federscheibe 83 gegen die Hilfselektrode 71 drückt. Die Federscheibe - rechts vom Abieiter im entspannten Zustand gezeigt - liegt an der schei- benförmigen Hilfselektrode 71 an, die beidseits mit Zentrierflächen 72 bzw. 73 zur zentrischen Zuordnung der Federscheibe 83 und zur zentrischen Zuordnung des 7Abstandhalters/Varistors 5 innerhalb des überragenden Bereiches der Schelle 24 verse- hen ist.FIG. 5 shows another variant of FIG. 3, the essential difference being that the contact to the center electrode 13 is made via a non-resilient, U-shaped bracket 82 which presses a spring washer 83 against the auxiliary electrode 71. The spring washer - shown in the relaxed state to the right of the Abieiter - lies on the ben-shaped auxiliary electrode 71, which is provided on both sides with centering surfaces 72 and 73 for the central assignment of the spring washer 83 and for the central assignment of the 7 spacer / varistor 5 within the projecting area of the clamp 24.
Figur 6 zeigt einen Zwei-Elektroden-Ableiter 3 mit Keramikisolator 31 und Endelektroden 33 und 34, wobei jeder Endelektrode eine Schelle 25 in Form einer Kappe mit einem hohlzy- lindrischen Randbereich 26 und einem planen, mit einer Mittelöffnung 28 versehenen Deckbereich 27 zugeordnet werden soll. Die Kappe 25 ist weiterhin mit einem Stromanschluß 29 ausgeführt. Weiterhin ist die Kappe am Umfang des Randbereiches 26 mit mehreren punkt- oder sickenartigen Eindrückungen 30 versehen, die beim Aufschieben der Kappe 25 auf eine Endelektrode bewirken, daß die Kappe federnd am Fußbereich der jeweiligen Endelektrode anliegt und diese kontaktiert.FIG. 6 shows a two-electrode arrester 3 with ceramic insulator 31 and end electrodes 33 and 34, with each end electrode being assigned a clamp 25 in the form of a cap with a hollow cylindrical edge region 26 and a flat cover region 27 provided with a central opening 28 . The cap 25 is also designed with a power connection 29. Furthermore, the cap is provided on the circumference of the edge region 26 with a plurality of point-like or bead-like indentations 30 which, when the cap 25 is pushed onto an end electrode, cause the cap to resiliently rest against the foot region of the respective end electrode and make contact with it.
Figur 7 zeigt einen Drei-Elektroden-Ableiter 1, auf dessen Endelektroden jeweils eine Kappe 25 aufgesetzt ist. - GemäßFIG. 7 shows a three-electrode arrester 1, on the end electrodes of which a cap 25 is placed. - According to
Figur 8 kann bei einem Drei-Elektroden-Ableiter gemäß Figur 7 die Kappe ebenfalls Teil einer mit der Mittelelektrode 13 verbundenen Kurzschlußeinrichtung und gegebenenfalls zusätzlich einer zur Gasentladungsstrecke des Abieiters elektrisch parallel geschalteten Hilfsentladungsstrecke sein. Hierzu ist eine Kappe 25 mit ausreichender Höhe h verwendet, um innerhalb der Kappe eine Schmelzscheibe 4 und einen Abstandhalter 5 anordnen zu können, wobei der Abstandhalter in Form eines Varistors unter Verwendung eines isolierenden Zentrierstückes 9 angeordnet ist, um im normalen Betriebszustand einen Kurzschluß zwischen dem freien Ende 84 des Federbügels 8 und der Kappe 25 zu unterbinden. In the case of a three-electrode arrester according to FIG. 7, FIG. 8 can also be part of a short-circuit device connected to the center electrode 13 and, if appropriate, additionally of an auxiliary discharge path which is electrically connected in parallel with the gas discharge path of the conductor. For this purpose, a cap 25 is used with a sufficient height h in order to be able to arrange a melting disk 4 and a spacer 5 within the cap, the spacer being arranged in the form of a varistor using an insulating centering piece 9 in order to prevent a short circuit between the two in the normal operating state prevent free end 84 of the spring clip 8 and the cap 25.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Gasgefüllter Überspannungsabieiter mit wenigstens zwei Elektroden, von denen zwei Elektroden als Endelektroden mit einem flanschartigen Fußteil ausgebildet sind, und mit wenigstens einem hohlzylindrischen Keramikisolator, der stirnseitig mit dem Fußteil einer Endelektrode und mit einer weiteren Elektrode verlötet ist, wobei dem Fußteil jeder Endelektrode ein elektrischer An- schluß in Form einer eng anliegenden Schelle zugeordnet ist, die auch den an das Fußteil angrenzenden Keramikisolator auf einem Teil seiner axialen Länge umschließt und deren radial abstehenden Enden stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß jede Schelle (2; 24,25) in Umfangsrichtung federelastisch ausgebildet ist.1. Gas-filled surge arrester with at least two electrodes, of which two electrodes are designed as end electrodes with a flange-like foot part, and with at least one hollow cylindrical ceramic insulator, which is soldered on the end face to the foot part of an end electrode and to another electrode, the foot part of each end electrode electrical connection is assigned in the form of a tight-fitting clamp, which also encloses the ceramic insulator adjacent to the foot part over a part of its axial length and whose radially projecting ends are integrally connected to one another, characterized in that each clamp (2; 24, 25) is designed to be resilient in the circumferential direction.
2. Gasgefüllter Überspannungsabieiter nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Schelle mittels einer zweischenkligen, klammerartigen Ausbuchtung (23) versehen ist.2. Gas-filled surge arrester according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the clamp is provided by means of a two-leg, bracket-like bulge (23).
3. Gasgefüllter Überspannungsabieiter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem außer zwei Endelektroden als dritte Elektrode eine Mittelelektrode angeordnet ist, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Schelle (24) das Fußteil (14) der jeweiligen Endelektrode axial überragt, wobei dem überragenden Bereich Teile einer mit der Mittelelektrode elektrisch verbundenen Kurz- Schlußeinrichtung (4,7,24) (Fail-Safe-Mechanismus) zugeordnet sind.3. Gas-filled surge arrester according to claim 1 or 2, in which, in addition to two end electrodes as a third electrode, a central electrode is arranged, characterized in that the clamp (24) axially projects beyond the foot part (14) of the respective end electrode, the projecting region being part of one with the Center electrode electrically connected short-circuit device (4,7,24) (fail-safe mechanism) are assigned.
4. Gasgefüllter Überspannungsabieiter nach Anspruch 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß dem überragenden Bereich der Schelle (24) zusätzlich Teile einer zur Gasentladungsstrecke elektrisch parallel geschalteten Hilfsentladungsstrecke (5) zugeordnet sind.4. Gas-filled surge arrester according to claim 3, characterized in that the projecting region of the clamp (24) is additionally assigned parts of an auxiliary discharge path (5) which is electrically connected in parallel with the gas discharge path.
5. Gasgefüllter Uberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Kurzschlußeinrichtung eine scheibenförmige Hilfselektrode (7) aufweist, deren Durchmesser wenigstens gleich dem Außendurchmesser der Schelle (24) ist und die mittels einer Schmelzscheibe (4) und eines Abstandhalters (5) , die innerhalb des überragenden Teiles der Schelle angeordnet sind, auf Abstand zum Rand der Schelle gehalten und mittels einer Feder (8) gegen den Abstandhalter (5) gedrückt ist.5. Gas-filled surge arrester according to claim 4, characterized in that the short-circuiting device has a disk-shaped auxiliary electrode (7), the diameter of which is at least equal to the outside diameter of the clamp (24) and by means of a melting disk (4) and a spacer (5) inside of the projecting part of the clamp are arranged, held at a distance from the edge of the clamp and pressed against the spacer (5) by means of a spring (8).
6. Gasgefüllter Uberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß der Abstandhalter (5) aus einem Varistor besteht.6. Gas-filled surge arrester according to claim 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the spacer (5) consists of a varistor.
7. Gasgefüllter Uberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Feder (81) mittels eines an der Mittelelektrode befestigten U-förmigen Bügels (82) fixiert ist.7. Gas-filled surge arrester according to Claim 5 or 6, that the spring (81) is fixed by means of a U-shaped bracket (82) fastened to the central electrode.
8. Gasgefüllter Uberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Feder als Spiralfeder (81) oder als Federscheibe (83) ausgebildet ist.8. Gas-filled surge arrester according to claim 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the spring is designed as a spiral spring (81) or as a spring washer (83).
9. Gasgefüllter Uberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Schelle die Form einer Kappe (25) mit einem hohlzy- lindrischen Randbereich (26) und einem planen, mit einer Mittelöffnung (28) versehenen Deckbereich (27) aufweist, wobei der Randbereich (26) am Umfang mit mehreren sickenarti- gen, am Fußteil der jeweiligen Endelektrode (33) anliegenden Eindrückungen (30) versehen ist.9. Gas-filled surge arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamp has the shape of a cap (25) with a hollow cylindrical edge area (26) and a flat cover area (27) provided with a central opening (28), the edge area (26) having a plurality of beads-like at the periphery, indentations (30) resting on the foot part of the respective end electrode (33) are provided.
10. Gasgefüllter Uberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 9, bei dem außer zwei Endelektroden als dritte Elektrode eine Mittelelektrode angeordnet ist, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Schelle (25) das Fußteil (15) der jeweiligen Endelektrode (14) axial überragt, wobei der überragende Bereich Teil einer mit der Mittelelektrode (13) elektrisch verbundenen Kurzschlußeinrichtung (4; 84) (Fail-Safe-Mechanismus) ist.10. Gas-filled surge arrester according to claim 9, in which, in addition to two end electrodes as a third electrode, a central electrode is arranged, characterized in that the clamp (25) axially projects beyond the foot part (15) of the respective end electrode (14), the projecting area being part of one the center electrode (13) is an electrically connected short-circuit device (4; 84) (fail-safe mechanism).
11. Gasgefüllter Uberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Schelle (25) zusätzlich Teil einer zur Gasentladungs- strecke elektrisch parallel geschalteten Hilfsentladungsstrecke (5) ist.11. Gas-filled surge arrester according to claim 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n z e i c h n e t that the clamp (25) is also part of an auxiliary discharge path (5) electrically connected in parallel to the gas discharge path.
12. Gasgefüllter Uberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 11, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Kurzschlußeinrichtung von der planen Deckfläche (27) der Kappe (25) und von dem freien, in die Mittenöffnung (28) der Kappe eingreifenden Ende (84) eines mit der Mittelelektrode (13) verbundenen Federbügels (8) gebildet wird, wobei das freie Ende (84) des Federbügels mittels einer Schmelz- scheibe (4) und der Hilfsentladungsstrecke (5), die innerhalb der Kappe (25) angeordnet sind, auf Abstand zur planen Deckfläche (27) der Kappe gehalten wird und die Schmelzscheibe (4) oder die Hilfsentladungsstrecke (5) mittels eines isolie- renden Zentrierstückes (9) von der planen Deckfläche (27) der12. Gas-filled surge arrester according to claim 11, characterized in that the short-circuit device from the flat top surface (27) of the cap (25) and from the free, in the central opening (28) of the cap engaging end (84) of one with the center electrode (13) connected spring clip (8) is formed, the free end (84) of the spring clip using a melting disc (4) and the auxiliary discharge path (5), which are arranged within the cap (25), at a distance from the flat top surface (27) the cap is held and the melting disc (4) or the auxiliary discharge path (5) by means of an insulating Renden centering piece (9) from the flat top surface (27)
Kappe (25) isoliert ist.Cap (25) is insulated.
13. Gasgefüllter Uberspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 12, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Hilfsentladungsstrecke (5) aus einem Varistor besteht, der mittels des isolierenden Zentrierstückes (9) isoliert angeordnet ist. 13. Gas-filled surge arrester according to claim 12, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the auxiliary discharge path (5) consists of a varistor, which is arranged isolated by means of the insulating centering piece (9).
EP00945608A 1999-06-16 2000-06-07 Gaz-filled surge diverter with electrode connections in the shape of band-type clips Expired - Lifetime EP1234361B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19928322A DE19928322A1 (en) 1999-06-16 1999-06-16 Gas-filled surge arrester with electrode connections in the form of band-like clamps
DE19928322 1999-06-16
PCT/DE2000/001862 WO2000077900A2 (en) 1999-06-16 2000-06-07 Gaz-filled surge diverter with electrode connections in the shape of band-type clips

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EP1234361A2 true EP1234361A2 (en) 2002-08-28
EP1234361B1 EP1234361B1 (en) 2007-08-22

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EP (1) EP1234361B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003502811A (en)
AT (1) ATE371284T1 (en)
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WO2000077900A2 (en) 2000-12-21
EP1234361B1 (en) 2007-08-22
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US6724605B1 (en) 2004-04-20
DE19928322A1 (en) 2000-12-21
CA2376905A1 (en) 2000-12-21
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WO2000077900A3 (en) 2002-06-20
ATE371284T1 (en) 2007-09-15

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