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EP1214551B1 - Bougie crayon de prechauffage en ceramique - Google Patents

Bougie crayon de prechauffage en ceramique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1214551B1
EP1214551B1 EP00960314A EP00960314A EP1214551B1 EP 1214551 B1 EP1214551 B1 EP 1214551B1 EP 00960314 A EP00960314 A EP 00960314A EP 00960314 A EP00960314 A EP 00960314A EP 1214551 B1 EP1214551 B1 EP 1214551B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glow plug
sheathed
temperature
element glow
heating layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00960314A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1214551B2 (fr
EP1214551A1 (fr
Inventor
Albrecht Geissinger
Gert Lindemann
Christoph Haluschka
Andreas Reissner
Wolfgang Dressler
Friederike Lindner
Wolfgang Otterbach
Christoph Kern
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority claimed from DE10020329A external-priority patent/DE10020329A1/de
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to SI200030550T priority Critical patent/SI1214551T1/xx
Publication of EP1214551A1 publication Critical patent/EP1214551A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1214551B1 publication Critical patent/EP1214551B1/fr
Publication of EP1214551B2 publication Critical patent/EP1214551B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ceramic glow plug for diesel engines according to the Genus of claim 1.
  • DE 198 44 347 describes a glow plug with a connecting element known that is electrically connected to the glow plug via a contacting element. As can be seen in FIG. 1, this contacting element is designed as a spring.
  • the ceramic glow plug according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that the temperature of the glow plug can be measured. It is in one ceramic glow plug possible for the first time without additional equipment the temperature of the glow plug directly in a selected area on the outside of the glow plug. The temperature is measured in a compared to the Volume of the entire glow plug small, selected area, eliminating the error, which occurs due to a temperature distribution over a large volume at which Temperature determination can be reduced. It is also advantageous that in the glow plug according to the invention a concentration of the heating power in one selected area of the glow plug can be realized without the cross section of the change conductive layer so that the surface in the area where the Concentration of the heating power should take place, remains constant and thus also Interaction surface is kept constant. Another advantage is that the Manufacturing such a ceramic temperature measuring glow plug inexpensively can be designed.
  • the glow plug according to the invention in passive operation, after it has fulfilled the heating function, to be used as a temperature sensor. It can in this way it can be determined whether the combustion in the respective cylinder is proceeding correctly. It is advantageous that on the basis of this information an influence on the Combustion relevant parameters can take place.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a longitudinal section through a ceramic according to the invention Glow plug 1 Contact via a circular connector 2, which is connected to the candle housing 4 via a seal 3 is separated and connected to the cylindrical feed line 5.
  • the fixation of the cylindrical feed line 5 in the candle housing 4 takes place via a metal ring 7 and electrically insulating ceramic sleeve 8.
  • the cylindrical feed line 5 is via a Contact pin 10, the cylindrical lead 5 also with the contact pin 10 in a component can be combined, and a suitable contacting element 12, the preferably as a contact spring or as an electrical conductive powder pack or as an electrically conductive Tablet with an elastic spring component, preferably made of Graphite is formed with the ceramic glow plug 14 connected.
  • the inside of the glow plug is covered by a Sealing packing 15 sealed against the combustion chamber.
  • the Sealing pack 15 consists of an electrically conductive Carbon compound.
  • the packing 15 can also through metals, a mixture of carbon and metal or a mixture of ceramic and metal can be formed.
  • the Glow plug 14 consists of a ceramic heating layer 18 and ceramic lead layers 20 and 21, the two supply layers 20, 21 through the heating layer 18 are connected and together with the heating layer 18 Form a guiding layer.
  • the supply layers 20, 21 have any shape, including the heating layer 18 have any shape.
  • the conductive layer is preferably U-shaped educated.
  • the lead layers 20 and 21 are via an insulation layer 22, which is also made of ceramic material exists, separately.
  • the illustrated embodiment is the glow plug 14 designed in such a way that the feed layers 20 and 21 and the heating layer 18 arranged on the outside of the glow plug 14 are.
  • at least the Arrange lead layers 20 and 21 so that they are are inside the glow plug and from the outside lying, ceramic, insulating layer.
  • the ceramic glow pencil Inside the candle case is the ceramic glow pencil through a glass layer, not shown, from the rest Components of the glow plug 4, 8, 12, 15 isolated.
  • the layer of glass is also interrupted for electrical contact between lead layer 21 and candle housing 4 via the Sealing packing 15 at the point 26.
  • the exemplary embodiment was the preferred embodiment Heating layer 18 placed at the tip of the glow plug. It it is also conceivable, this heating layer on another Place the guiding layer.
  • the heating layer 18 should be where the largest Heating effect should be achieved.
  • the ceramic heating element is again in one View shown from the side.
  • the Embodiment in which the heating layer 18 on the Tip of the glow plug is shown. Furthermore are the lead layers 20, 21 and Insulation layer 22 can be seen.
  • the embodiment is shown in which the conductive layer, consisting of the supply layers 20 and 21 and the Heating layer 18, has a U-shaped shape.
  • the ceramic glow plug according to the invention that is Material of the heating layer 18 chosen so that the absolute electrical resistance of the heating layer 18 is greater than that absolute electrical resistance of the lead layers 20, 21. (In the following, resistance without Addition understood the absolute electrical resistance to cross currents between the conductive layer avoid the resistance of the insulation layer chosen that it is significantly larger than the resistance of the Heating layer 18 and the supply layers 20, 21 is.
  • FIG 3 is shown schematically which devices with the glow plug 1 communicate.
  • the one computer and one Storage unit includes.
  • Be in the engine control unit 30 the engine-dependent parameters of the glow plug saved. This can be the resistance-temperature maps, for example depending on load and speed of the engine.
  • the memory of the engine control unit contains also one or more temperature reference values for one correct combustion.
  • the engine control unit can set parameters taxes that affect combustion, for example the injection duration, the start of injection and the end of injection of fuel.
  • the control device 32 regulates a voltage, specified by the engine control unit. This tension represents the total voltage used for the glow plug
  • the control unit 32 also houses Current measuring device, with which the amperage, which over the Glow plug flows, is measured. It also includes Control unit 32 a memory and a computing unit.
  • the Engine control unit 30 and control unit 32 can also be used in be united in one device.
  • FIG 4 illustrates the glow plug occurring resistances.
  • the resistor 41 with a value R20 is the resistance of the ceramic lead layer 20.
  • the resistor 43 with a value R1 contains the Resistance of the heating layer.
  • the resistor 45 with a value R21 includes the resistance of the ceramic Supply layer 21. Added to this are the resistances of the other supply and return lines, but all small against resistors R20 and R21 and therefore are not taken into account. They are not in Figure 4 drawn.
  • Resistors 41, 43 and 45 are in series connected. For those carried out on the basis of FIG Any cross currents that may arise should be considered be ignored. This results in the Total resistance R from the sum of resistances R20, R1 and R21. Resistor R1 forms the largest summand.
  • the measured current I is measured by the control unit 32 a stored map into a temperature converted, which is due to the significantly higher Resistor R1 compared to resistors R20 and R21 results mainly from the temperature of the heating layer 18. This temperature is sent to the engine control unit 30 returned, the due to the determined temperature RMS voltage is newly specified for the glow plug.
  • the temperature of the heating layer 18 can spend the glow pencil elsewhere, for example on a display. It is also possible to use the determined temperature, for example, taking into account of one or more in engine control unit 30 stored, reference temperatures conclusions about derive the quality of the combustion on a cylinder-specific basis. In the event of incorrect combustion, from Control unit cylinder-specific measures are taken, that affect the combustion process and so again for can ensure correct combustion. Then it could for example the injection duration, the start of injection or the injection pressure of the fuel can be varied.
  • p (T) the specific resistance as a function of the temperature T, ⁇ 0 the specific resistance at room temperature T 0 and ⁇ (T) a temperature coefficient that is temperature-dependent.
  • the specific resistance of the heating layer 18 can be chosen such that ⁇ 0 of the heating layer is greater than ⁇ 0 of the supply layers.
  • the temperature coefficient ⁇ of the heating layer 18 can be greater in the operating range of the glow plug than the temperature coefficient ⁇ of the supply layers 20, 21. It is also possible to choose both ⁇ 0 and ⁇ for the heating layer 18 larger for the operating range of the glow plug than for Lead layers 20, 21.
  • the composition of the heating layer 18 and the supply layers 20, 21 is selected such that the ⁇ 0 of the supply layers 20, 21 is at least 10 times smaller than the ⁇ 0 of the heating layer 18.
  • the temperature coefficient ⁇ of the heating layer 18 and the supply layers 20, 21 is approximately the same. This ensures an accuracy of 20 Kelvin in the entire operating range of the glow plug.
  • the specific one Resistance of the insulation layer 22 as a whole Operating range of the glow plug at least 10 times larger than the specific resistance of the heating layer 18.
  • the heating layer, the supply layers and the insulation layer consist of ceramic composite structures which contain at least two of the compounds Al 2 O 3 , MoSi 2 , Si 3 N 4 and Y 2 O 3 . These composite structures can be obtained by a single or multi-stage sintering process.
  • the specific resistance of the layers can preferably be determined by the MoSi 2 content and / or the grain size of MoSi 2 , preferably the MoSi 2 content of the supply layers 20, 21 is higher than the MoSi 2 content of the heating layer 18, the Heating layer 18 in turn has a higher MoSi 2 content than the insulation layer 22.
  • the heating layer 18, supply layers 20, 21 and the insulation layer 22 consist of a composite precursor ceramic with different proportions of fillers.
  • the matrix of this material consists of polysiloxanes, polysilsequioxanes, polysilanes or polysilazanes, which can be doped with boron or aluminum and which are produced by pyrolysis.
  • the filler forms at least one of the compounds Al 2 O 3 , MoSi 2 and SiC for the individual layers.
  • the MoSi 2 content and / or the grain size of MoSi 2 can preferably determine the specific resistance of the layers.
  • the MoSi 2 content of the supply layers 20, 21 is preferably set higher than the MoSi 2 content of the heating layer 18, the heating layer 18 in turn having a higher MoSi 2 content than the insulation layer 22.
  • compositions of the insulation layer, the Lead layers and the heating layer are in the above specified embodiments chosen so that their thermal expansion coefficient and during the Shrinkage occurring during the sintering or pyrolysis process of the individual supply, heating and insulation layers are the same, so that there are no cracks in the glow plug.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further preferred exemplary embodiment the invention using a schematic longitudinal section a glow plug 1 according to the invention is shown.
  • the in electrical contact with the cylindrical feed line 5 is located.
  • the cylindrical feed line 5 is over the Contact pin 10 and the contacting element 12 with the ceramic glow plug 14 electrically connected.
  • the cylindrical lead 5, the contact pin 10, the Contacting element 12 and the ceramic glow plug 14 are consecutive in this order, as in Figure 5 shown, arranged in the direction of the combustion chamber.
  • the Ceramic glow plug 14 has in the in FIG. 5 shown preferred embodiment on the distant combustion chamber End a pin 11 on.
  • the pin 11 forms a Extension of the glow plug 14 in the direction of end away from the combustion chamber by a cylindrical Leading out of the ceramic supply layers 20, 21 and the insulation layer 22, the pin 11 a has a smaller outer diameter than that in Part of the glow plug adjoining the combustion chamber 14, the Bund 13. It is still not necessary for the Glow plug 14 at the combustion chamber end of a heating layer 18 having. In a preferred embodiment, you can the two supply layers 20 and 21 only on be connected to the combustion chamber end of the glow plug in such a way how this is done via the heating element 18.
  • a flange is provided, which together with the pin 11, the contacting element 12 in the direction limited to the axis of the glow plug.
  • the contacting element 12 which consists of a tablet electrically conductive powder, is preferably as Graphite or a metal powder or an electric conductive ceramic powder.
  • the tablet can be made electrically conductive powder also at least from a predominant Portion from graphite or from the metal powder or from the electrically conductive ceramic powder exist. Due to the Formation of the contacting element 12 as electrical The contacting element ensures conductive powder 12 a resilient contact that is capable of high To carry currents without thermal destruction. The size Surface of the powder provides good thermal conductivity for sure. For the same reason, a small one can Contact resistance with good conductivity can be realized. Graphite and ceramic conductive materials are also corrosion resistant. The elastic part of the spring Tablet made of electrically conductive powder ensures that the tablet through thermal movements of the components compensates for different coefficients of thermal expansion.
  • the tablet is made of electrically conductive powder limited by a cylindrical adapter sleeve 9, which here instead of the ceramic sleeve 8 shown in Figure 1 as a independent component is present.
  • the adapter sleeve 9 is analogous to the ceramic sleeve 8 as an insulating component provided, it consists in a preferred Embodiment made of ceramic material.
  • the glow plug is made from the tablet electrically conductive powder firmly between the flange of the Connection element on the end remote from the combustion chamber, the Pin 11 of the glow plug 14 on the combustion chamber side End face and the clamping sleeve 9 pressed.
  • the fixation between these fixed components, especially the Fixed stop of the clamping sleeve 9 on the ceramic sleeve 8, i.e. the limited pressing height prevents the surrounding Clamping sleeve 9 is not due to excessive internal pressure build-up due to the pressing of the contacting element 12 tears.
  • the by clamping the tablet from electrical conductive powder reached axial preload of the elastic spring component can cause thermal expansion, Settling behavior and vibration stress Balanced shaking stress of the glow plug become.
  • a glow plug according to Figure 5 with a tablet electrically conductive powder as contacting element 12 is made as follows. First is the Sealing packing 15 from the top of the combustion chamber ceramic glow plug 14 over the ceramic glow plug 14 performed and as a composite in the candle housing 4 from Inserted end distant from the combustion chamber. Then that will be Contacting element 12, the clamping sleeve 9, the Connection element 5, 10, the ceramic sleeve 8 and the metal ring 7 arranged in a holding element and then also from Inserted end distant from the combustion chamber into the candle housing 4.
  • the contacting element 12 is made of one tablet consists of electrically conductive powder, and compresses the packing 15. It is on the Contacting element 12 only exerted a force as long as until the contact pin 10 of the connecting element 5, 10th has completely pressed into the clamping sleeve 9 and the Face of the ceramic sleeve 8 on the face of the Adapter sleeve 9 rests.
  • the tablet is compressed electrically conductive powder also ensures that the elastic spring portion of the tablet is biased.
  • by means of a radially from the outside on the Candle housing 4 applied force of the metal ring 7th caulked.
  • the seal 3 and the circular connector 2 assembled and also by means of a radial from the outside the candle housing 4 applied force.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Bougie crayon de préchauffage comportant un dispositif de chauffage céramique, ayant une couche électro-conductrice céramique et une couche céramique isolante électrique,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la couche conductrice se compose de couches d'alimentation (20, 21) reliées par une couche de chauffage (18) ;
    la résistance électrique spécifique de la matière de la couche chauffante (18) dans la plage de température de fonctionnement de la bougie crayon de préchauffage étant :
    indépendante de la température ;
    plus grande que la résistance électrique spécifique de la matière des couches d'alimentation (20, 21) ; et
    inférieure à la résistance électrique spécifique de la couche isolante (22).
  2. Bougie crayon de préchauffage selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la résistance électrique spécifique de la couche chauffante (18) à température ambiante est supérieure à la résistance électrique spécifique à la température ambiante des couches d'alimentation (20, 21).
  3. Bougie crayon de préchauffage selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le coefficient de température des couches d'alimentation (20, 21) est inférieur au coefficient de température de la couche chauffante (18) dans toute la plage de fonctionnement de la bougie crayon de préchauffage.
  4. Bougie crayon de préchauffage selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la résistance électrique spécifique à température ambiante et le coefficient de température des couches d'alimentation (20, 21) est inférieure à la résistance électrique spécifique à température ambiante et au coefficient de température de la couche chauffante (18).
  5. Bougie crayon de préchauffage selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la résistance électrique spécifique de la matière de la couche chauffante à température ambiante est au moins dix fois supérieure à la plus grande résistance électrique spécifique des couches d'alimentation (20, 21) à température ambiante.
  6. Bougie crayon de préchauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la couche chauffante se trouve à la pointe de la bougie crayon.
  7. Bougie crayon de préchauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la couche chauffante (18), les couches d'alimentation (20, 21) et la couche d'isolation (22) sont formées d'un réseau céramique composite résultant d'un procédé de frittage en une ou plusieurs étapes d'au moins deux compositions Al2O3, MoSi2, Si3N4 et Y2O3.
  8. Bougie crayon de préchauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la couche chauffante (18), les couches d'alimentation (20, 21) et la couche d'isolation (22) sont formées d'un composé précurseur de céramique, la matière de la matrice comprenant des polysiloxanes, polysilsequioxane, polysilanes ou polysilasanes, dopés avec du bore, ou de l'aluminium et obtenus par pyrolyse, la charge étant formée par au moins l'une des compositions Al2O3, MoSi2 et SiC.
  9. Bougie crayon de préchauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la température de la couche chauffante (18) se définit à l'aide de sa résistance (RI).
  10. Bougie crayon de préchauffage selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la valeur de température obtenue est transmise à un appareil de commande de moteur (30) qui compare alors la valeur de la température à une valeur de référence et assure un asservissement de la tension fournie par l'appareil de commande (32) à la bougie crayon de préchauffage.
  11. Bougie crayon de préchauffage selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la valeur de température obtenue est transmise à un appareil de commande de moteur (30) qui compare cette température à une ou plusieurs valeurs de référence pour une combustion correcte et assure l'asservissement des grandeurs concernant la combustion.
  12. Bougie crayon de préchauffage selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la mesure de la température, la comparaison à une ou plusieurs valeurs de référence pour une combustion correcte et l'asservissement des grandeurs concernant la combustion se font en mode passif de la bougie crayon de préchauffage.
  13. Bougie crayon de préchauffage selon l'une des revendications 11 ou 12,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les paramètres concernant la combustion sont les suivants : durée d'injection, début de l'injection et pression d'injection du carburant.
EP00960314A 1999-08-27 2000-07-25 Bougie crayon de prechauffage en ceramique Expired - Lifetime EP1214551B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200030550T SI1214551T1 (en) 1999-08-27 2000-07-25 Ceramic sheathed element glow plug

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19940668 1999-08-27
DE19940668 1999-08-27
DE10020329A DE10020329A1 (de) 1999-08-27 2000-04-26 Keramische Glühstiftkerze
DE10020329 2000-04-26
PCT/DE2000/002418 WO2001016528A1 (fr) 1999-08-27 2000-07-25 Bougie crayon de prechauffage en ceramique

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1214551A1 EP1214551A1 (fr) 2002-06-19
EP1214551B1 true EP1214551B1 (fr) 2004-10-27
EP1214551B2 EP1214551B2 (fr) 2010-09-08

Family

ID=26005465

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00960314A Expired - Lifetime EP1214551B2 (fr) 1999-08-27 2000-07-25 Bougie crayon de prechauffage en ceramique

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6660970B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1214551B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003508712A (fr)
AT (1) ATE280928T1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ300980B6 (fr)
ES (1) ES2231250T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUP0202789A2 (fr)
PL (1) PL195123B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001016528A1 (fr)

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DE19844347A1 (de) 1998-09-28 2000-03-30 Bosch Gmbh Robert Keramische Glühstiftkerze
DE19860919C1 (de) * 1998-12-04 2000-02-10 Bosch Gmbh Robert Keramisches Heizelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

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EP1214551B2 (fr) 2010-09-08
CZ300980B6 (cs) 2009-09-30
US6660970B1 (en) 2003-12-09
ATE280928T1 (de) 2004-11-15
HUP0202789A2 (en) 2003-01-28
PL195123B1 (pl) 2007-08-31
JP2003508712A (ja) 2003-03-04
EP1214551A1 (fr) 2002-06-19
ES2231250T3 (es) 2005-05-16
WO2001016528A1 (fr) 2001-03-08
PL353309A1 (en) 2003-11-17
CZ2002629A3 (cs) 2002-10-16

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