EP1202795B1 - Method for making emulsions and implementing devices - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a method and an implementing device, for making a mixture or and emulsion from at least an emulsifier and at least two fluids known to be immiscible, said fluids defining a dispersed phase and a continuous phase. The method is characterised in that the dispersed phase being either contained in an adapted tank, or continuously supplied, it comprises a first step which consists in pressurising the dispersed phase; then in suddenly depressurising said dispersed phase using means generating a coherent jet (5). Then an appropriate emulsifier is introduced into said coherent jet (5) with means for mixing the dispersed phase with said emulsifier thereby providing a resulting coherent jet (9) which is finally contacted with the continuous phase to obtain the mixture or the emulsion.

Description

The present invention relates to a method of manufacture of emulsions as well as an emulsifier this process. Such a process will find many applications, particularly in the fields of cosmetology, food industry for the making salad dressings for example, pharmacy, petrochemicals, etc.

In general, the manufacture of an emulsion consists of the mixture of two fluids, i.e. two liquids, determining two phases, by hypotheses not miscible, one being called dispersed phase and the other dispersing phase, one of which forms droplets microscopic in the other. This mixture or emulsion, and more particularly the size of the droplets of the dispersed phase in the dispersing phase, depends in particular of energy supplied in the form of agitation to the medium which shears the fluid and thus allows the reduction in the size of the emulsion droplets.

In addition, it is often necessary to add a emulsifier to stabilize the emulsion over time while avoiding the coalescence of the dispersed phase and allowing thus storing the emulsion. Indeed, in a oil in water type emulsion where the water corresponds to the dispersing phase and the dispersed phase oil, the oil and water is immiscible, the oil droplets will tend to group together to form larger droplets creating a phenomenon of coalescence.

We know well, especially in the area of the food industry, foam concentrates such as high pressure homogenizers or even "microfluidizers" producing emulsions comprising a emulsifier, for example an oil type emulsion in water.

Homogenizers are conventionally made up a homogenization head and a high pressure pump to pressurize a fluid contained in a tank. The pressurized fluid is usually a pre-emulsion, i.e. it is a mixture partial of the dispersed phase, the dispersing phase and emulsifier; this fluid is then sent through the homogenization head mainly consisting of a base, valve and impact plates. The fluid is brutally relaxed through an appropriate opening, to reach a speed of the order of several hundreds of meters per second and then comes into contact with the valve which splits the fluid and projects it on the impact plates thus providing the necessary energy, in the form of agitation in the middle, for the manufacture of the emulsion. These homogenizers, benefiting from current technologies operate at pressures up to 200 MPa.

These homogenizers have as main disadvantages due to wear of the homogenization head high friction of the fluid on the valve and the impact plates and heating of the emulsion. Furthermore, for these devices operating from of a pre-emulsion, a pre-emulsion process is necessary upstream of homogenizers, thereby increasing costs of production.

In this regard, we have designed homogenization heads significantly reducing their wear; it's for example the case of French patent FR 2748954 concerning a module homogenizer-emulsifier. This module is mainly consisting of a cylindrical body each having its ends respectively a direct input block and an output block. The cylindrical body contains a succession of hollow and open cylindrical cartridges on one of their transverse faces and they are connected between them by springs. These cartridges contain a plurality of vibrating discs which can slide the along the central hollow axis of the cylindrical body of the module. When a pressurized fluid is introduced through the block direct entry into the cylindrical body, all of the vibrating discs set in motion thus creating a fluid shear effect which allows reduction of the size of the emulsion drops.

There are also "microfluidizers" conventionally made up of an interaction chamber and a high pressure pump to pressurize a fluid contained in a suitable reservoir. The fluid under pressure is usually a pre emulsion which is sent to the interaction room in which this last one is bombarded by itself with energy important brought by the pressurization of the fluid, this which allows the manufacture of the emulsion.

A disadvantage of these devices is the important amount of emulsifier required to stabilize such emulsion. This high supply of emulsifier is then reflected by an excess of said emulsifier in the dispersing phase of the emulsion after its manufacture, which affects in particular the organoleptic qualities of the emulsion and increases the production costs.

Document DE-A-2549026 describes, moreover, a emulsification process comprising the introduction of the dispersed phase in a jet of the dispersing phase and the mixing in a chamber of this jet with a part additional of the dispersing phase.

Another disadvantage of all these devices is that provide an emulsion whose droplets have a average diameter of the order of a micrometer, which is not fully satisfactory for applications in food and cosmetology, by example.

One of the aims of the invention is therefore to overcome these disadvantages by proposing a method of manufacturing a mixture or emulsion, for example of the oil type in water, to obtain greater fineness of the droplets using a minimum amount of emulsifier for stabilize said emulsion over time.

In this regard and in accordance with the invention, the process for the continuous or batch production of a mixture or an emulsion from at least one emulsifier and at least two fluids known to be immiscible, for example a body fatty liquid mixed with water and an appropriate emulsifier, said fluids defining a dispersed phase and a dispersing phase, is remarkable in that, the dispersed phase being either contained in a suitable tank, or delivered continuously, it comprises a first step of pressurizing the dispersed phase by conventional high-pressure pumping means, then a sudden depressurization of said dispersed phase is carried out using means making it possible to create a needle jet, that is to say a jet of narrow section, or coherent jet in which the dispersed phase can reach a speed of about 900 ms ^-1 . It is then conceivable to introduce the coherent jet of the dispersed phase into a dispersing phase in which an appropriate emulsifier has been dissolved to obtain the emulsion.

Such a method does not make it possible to obtain a size average droplet size small enough why, we prefer to introduce the appropriate emulsifier in said coherent jet by means ensuring the mixing the dispersed phase with said emulsifier. We then gets a resulting coherent throw which includes the dispersed phase and emulsifier. This resulting coherent jet is finally brought into contact with the dispersing phase to obtain the mixture or the emulsion.

An emulsion is thus obtained, the droplets of which have an average diameter of between a few tens and a few hundred nanometers, depending on the fluids used, while requiring a reduced intake emulsifier unlike the prior art where the decreasing droplet diameter, i.e. their increasing total surface, a greater quantity additive would have been necessary.

Furthermore, bringing the coherent jet into contact resulting with the dispersing phase, according to a first variant of the process, is obtained by positioning said jet coherent resulting in immersion in the dispersing phase in a static or quasi-static position in means of racking.

According to a second variant of the method, the implementation contact of the resulting coherent jet with the dispersing phase is obtained by means ensuring the introduction of the dispersing phase in said resulting coherent jet and simultaneously their emulsion which then constitutes a jet consistent final.

During the abrupt depressurization of the phase dispersed, the latter undergoes heating which can notably modify its hydrodynamic characteristics and organoleptics, that's why the temperature of the phase dispersed under pressure is regulated according to a range of temperature between -20 ° C and + 80 ° C so that the the emulsion is more homogeneous over time.

In addition, the dispersed phase is pressurized to a pressure greater than or equal to 200 MPa.

Another object of the invention relates to a device foam concentrate for continuous or batch production a mixture or an emulsion from at least one emulsifier and at least two fluids known to be immiscible, for example a fatty liquid product mixed with water and an emulsifier, said fluids defining a phase dispersed and a dispersing phase, and said device comprising a high pressure pump the inlet of which is connected to a fluid source such as a reservoir containing a dispersed phase; this device is remarkable in that the high pump output pressure is connected, by connection means, to means for projecting the dispersed phase in the form of a coherent jet cooperating with means of introduction, connected to an open tank and using the Venturi effect, of an emulsifier in said jet coherent emerging, in immersion, in the phase dispersant contained in means of continuous or discontinuous withdrawal of the emulsion.

According to an alternative embodiment of the device comprising a high pressure pump the inlet of which is connected to a fluid source such as a reservoir containing a dispersed phase, the pump outlet at high pressure is connected, by connection means, to means for projecting the phase dispersed under the form of a coherent jet, provided at their outlet with at least two introduction means which are mounted in series connected to an open tank respectively and using the Venturi effect, respectively at least the emulsifier in said coherent jet and phase dispersant in the resulting coherent jet, to provide the emulsion which is advantageously continuously recovered at the output of said introduction means or discontinuously.

According to a secondary characteristic of the devices according to the invention, the connection means, between the high pressure pump and the projection means, are provided with temperature regulation means on all or part of their length.

• la figure 1 est une représentation schématique du dispositif émulseur selon l'invention,
• la figure 2 est un schéma partiel en légère perspective du dispositif émulseur selon l'invention comportant le réservoir de phase dispersée, la pompe à haute pression, les moyens de raccordement et les moyens de régulation de la température,
• la figure 3 est un schéma partiel de la première variante d'exécution du dispositif émulseur selon l'invention comportant les moyens de projection de la phase dispersée, les moyens d'introduction de l'émulsifiant dans le jet et les moyens de soutirage,
• la figure 4 est un schéma partiel de la seconde variante d'exécution du dispositif émulseur selon l'invention comportant les moyens de projection de la phase dispersée, deux moyens d'introduction respectivement de l'émulsifiant et de la phase dispersante montés en série et les moyens de soutirage,
• la figure 5 est un graphique représentant le pourcentage (%) des gouttelettes en fonction de leur diamètre exprimé en nanomètre (nm) pour un exemple d'émulsion du type huile dans eau, comprenant 10% d'huile de tournesol, 89% d'eau et 1% d'émulsifiant Tween 20 (marque déposée), et obtenue en projetant un jet d'huile de tournesol, pressurisée à 200 MPa, dans de l'eau dans laquelle a été préalablement dissout le Tween 20 (marque déposée),
• la figure 6 est un graphique représentant le pourcentage (%) des gouttelettes en fonction de leur diamètre exprimé en nanomètre (nm) pour une émulsion du type huile dans eau, comprenant 10% d'huile de tournesol, 89.5% d'eau et 0.5% d'émulsifiant Tween 20 (marque déposée) et obtenue selon le procédé.
• la figure 7 est un graphique représentant l'influence du rapport émulsifiant/phase dispersante sur la stabilité d'une émulsion du type eau dans huile.

Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of several alternative embodiments, given by way of nonlimiting examples, of the process and of the foam concentrate device implementing it in accordance with the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. on which ones :

• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the foam concentrate device according to the invention,
• FIG. 2 is a partial diagram in slight perspective of the foam concentrate device according to the invention comprising the dispersed phase reservoir, the high pressure pump, the connection means and the temperature regulation means,
• FIG. 3 is a partial diagram of the first alternative embodiment of the foam concentrate device according to the invention comprising the means for projecting the dispersed phase, the means for introducing the emulsifier into the jet and the withdrawal means,
• FIG. 4 is a partial diagram of the second alternative embodiment of the foam concentrate device according to the invention comprising the means for projecting the dispersed phase, two means for introducing the emulsifier and the dispersing phase respectively mounted in series and withdrawal means,
• FIG. 5 is a graph representing the percentage (%) of the droplets as a function of their diameter expressed in nanometers (nm) for an example of an emulsion of the oil in water type, comprising 10% of sunflower oil, 89% of water and 1% of Tween 20 emulsifier (registered trademark), and obtained by spraying a jet of sunflower oil, pressurized to 200 MPa, in water in which the Tween 20 (registered trademark) has previously been dissolved,
• FIG. 6 is a graph representing the percentage (%) of the droplets as a function of their diameter expressed in nanometers (nm) for an emulsion of the oil in water type, comprising 10% of sunflower oil, 89.5% of water and 0.5 % of Tween 20 emulsifier (registered trademark) and obtained according to the process.
• FIG. 7 is a graph representing the influence of the emulsifier / dispersing phase ratio on the stability of a water in oil type emulsion.

For reasons of clarity, the following will be designated by emulsion all mixtures and emulsions obtained according to the invention and by emulsifier all the mixing devices, homogenizer, "microfluidizer", foam concentrate and homogenizer-emulsifier.

The device for continuous or discontinuous emulsion which is represented on the Figures 1 to 4, includes a tank 1 containing a phase dispersed and the output of which is connected to a pump high pressure 2. A booster pump, not shown on the figures, will advantageously be positioned between the tank 1 and the high pressure pump 2 to prime the latter in a conventional manner. Leaving the high pressure pump 2 is connected, with reference to the Figure 1, by connection means 3, to means of projection 4 of the dispersing phase in the form of a jet needle or coherent jet 5. Furthermore, the means of connection 3, between the high pressure pump 2 and the projection means 4, are provided with means for regulation 6 of the temperature of the dispersed phase, under pressure in said connection means 3, on all or part of their length. The output of the means of projection 4 is provided with introduction means 7 into the coherent jet 5 of an emulsifier contained in a second tank 8 connected to said means of introduction 7 of such so that when they come out a coherent jet resulting 9 consisting of the dispersed phase and the emulsifier. The resulting coherent jet 9 is then set contact with the dispersing phase contained in means withdrawal 10 continuously or discontinuously as is will see further. The resulting coherent throw 9 is preferably positioned in immersion in said phase dispersant to benefit from optimal energy, said resulting coherent jet, necessary to obtain a fine emulsion.

According to an alternative embodiment of the foam concentrate device according to the invention, the output of the introduction means 7 is provided with second introduction means 11, shown in dotted lines in FIG. 1, in the coherent jet resulting from a dispersing phase contained in a third tank 12, also shown in lines dashed in Figure 1, connected to said means introduction 11 so that when they come out a final coherent jet 13 consisting of the emulsion. The jet coherent final 13, i.e. the emulsion, is then collected continuously or discontinuously in the means of racking 10.

With reference to FIG. 2, the reservoir 1, containing the dispersed phase, is connected to the high pump pressure 2 by a pipe 14. The high pressure pump 2 is advantageously a return pump which has a very short time constant which therefore does not present time out. It provides a pressure of 400 MPa while ensuring high flow and pressure constant. The connection means 3 between the pump high pressure 2 and the projection means 4, not shown in Figure 2, are constituted by a pipe armored 15 capable of carrying the dispersed pressurized phase and they have a branch circuit 16 provided with control valves 17 such as solenoid valves. The branch circuit 16 includes means for regulation 6 of the temperature of the dispersed phase pressurized, shown in dotted lines on the Figure 2. The regulating means 6 are, moreover, consisting of a coil of coils 18 surrounding the pipe shielded 15 on part of the branch circuit 16 and connected to a heat exchanger 19.

It goes without saying that the length of the coil 18 depends, in particular, on the heat coefficients of the fluid calorific circulating in said coil with turns 18 and of the dispersed phase used. In addition, the means of connection 3 may not include a circuit bypass 16 and the coil 18 will then be positioned directly around the armored pipe 15.

Furthermore, the regulating means 6 comprise also a probe 20, preferably mounted upstream of the coil with turns 18 on the branch circuit 16, allowing to control the phase temperature dispersed in the armored pipe 15.

According to a first variant of the foam concentrate device according to the invention shown in Figure 3, the means projection 4 are conventionally mounted at the end of the armored pipe 15, facing the ground and they are made up a nozzle 21 supported by a nozzle holder 22 comprising a calibrated hole 23. The nozzle 21 is conventionally constituted a body 24 comprising at its lower end a second calibrated hole 25 and a needle 26 having a third hole calibrated 27 coaxial with first 23 and at second 25. The diameter of the calibrated hole 26 is advantageously between 0.08 and 0.15 mm for a pressure delivered by the high pressure pump 2 of 200 MPa in order to prevent said calibrated hole 26 from clogs.

It goes without saying that the projection means 4 can be directed upward to provide a straight stream.

The nozzle 21 provides a needle jet, that is to say a jet of narrow section, or coherent jet 5 of the phase dispersed which is brutally depressurized and which gushes out in the introduction means 7. Said means introduction 7 are positioned at the lower end of the nozzle holder 22 and are constituted by a Venturi tube 28, with a length of about 15 mm for a pressure included between 200 MPa and 300 MPa, forming in its central part a mixing chamber 29 and at its lower end a focusing tube 30. The coherent jet 5 thus springs in the mixing chamber 29 where the emulsifier, initially contained in the reservoir 8 and which is brought, by a flexible conduit 31 provided with a control valve 17 and a flow control system 32, in the room 29 by Venturi effect, mix to provide in the focusing tube 30 a coherent jet resulting 9.

It should be noted that the reservoir 8 is a reservoir open so that the emulsifier is under pressure atmospheric and can benefit from the Venturi effect for be brought into the mixing chamber 29. Furthermore, there it would be possible to introduce the emulsifier into the jet coherent dispersed phase by means of an incident jet making a very small angle with said coherent jet 5.

The focusing tube 30 is positioned in immersion in a static or quasi-static dispersing phase contained in the withdrawal means 10 which are consisting of a main cylindrical container 33, a median cylindrical container 34 and a central cylinder 35 coaxial. The main cylindrical container 33 has the larger section and includes two openings 36.37 in its upper part for the introduction of a fluid calorific and two other openings 38.39 in its part lower for the output of said heat fluid, as we will see it later. The openings 36, 37, 38 and 39 of the main cylindrical container 33 are advantageously connected to the heat exchanger 19 by means of conventional connections not shown in the figures. The median cylindrical container 34, positioned inside of the main cylindrical container 33, includes a bottom reinforced 40 to avoid its deformation due to the pressure of the coherent jet resulting 9. The central cylinder 35, open to its two ends is positioned in the container cylindrical median 34 so that its end lower 41 is not in contact with the bottom reinforced 40. Furthermore, the cylindrical container median 34 and central cylinder 35 include respectively an opening 42 in its central part for drawing off the emulsion and an opening 43 in its upper part for the introduction of the phase dispersing as we will see later.

It goes without saying that the withdrawal means 10 can consist of a single cylindrical container comprising the dispersed phase and whether or not provided with a opening in its upper part for the introduction of the dispersing phase and another opening in its lower part for drawing off the emulsion either continuous, or discontinuous.

According to a second variant of the foam concentrate device according to the invention, shown in Figure 4, the projection means 4, as described above, provide a coherent jet 5 which springs in a first Venturi tube 28 as described above allowing the mixture of the emulsifier, previously contained in the tank 8, with the phase dispersed and providing a jet coherent resulting 9 as already seen. Said jet resulting coherent 9 then springs into a second tube Venturi 44 mounted in series with the first 28 and forming a second mixing chamber 45 in its central part and a second focusing tube 46 in its lower part. The resulting coherent jet 9 thus flows in the second mixing chamber 45 where the dispersing phase, initially contained in the reservoir 12 then brought, by a conduit flexible 31 provided with a control valve 17 and a system flow control 32, in the second chamber mix 45 by Venturi effect, mix with said jet coherent resulting 9 to provide the flowing emulsion in the second focusing tube 46 in the form of a final coherent stream 13.

It goes without saying that the device can include several Venturi tubes mounted in series allowing to successively introduce into the coherent jet 5 several emulsifiers and several dispersing phases to manufacture so-called ternary emulsions such as water / oil / water type emulsions.

The final coherent jet 13, that is to say the emulsion, is collected in the withdrawal means 10 placed at the vertical under the second focusing tube 46. The withdrawal means 10 then consist of a simple cylindrical container 47 provided with an opening 48 in its lower part to continuously draw the emulsion as indicated by arrow 49.

Naturally, the emulsion could be drawn off in discontinuous using a simple cylindrical container.

The operation of the foam concentrate device according to the invention will now be explained with reference to FIGS. 2, 3, 5 and 6. To produce an oil-in-water type emulsion for example, place in sunflower oil 1 which will correspond in this case in the dispersed phase; then by means of a booster pump, not shown in FIG. 2, the high-pressure pump 2 is primed which then pressurizes the oil in the armored pipe 15. Then actuates, if necessary, the various valves of control 17 so that the oil circulates in the bypass circuit 16 in order to regulate it in temperature. The pressurized oil spurts from the nozzle 21 (FIG. 3) to form a coherent jet 5 through the venturi tube 28. The oil is pressurized, preferably, at a pressure greater than or equal to 200 MPa so that the coherent jet 5 has sufficient energy to form the emulsion without the nozzle 21 becoming blocked. The oil speed can then reach 900 ms ^-1 for a pressure of 200 MPa and a diameter of the nozzle 21 of between 0.08 and 0.15 mm.

For reasons of clarity, we will denote by Tween 20 the emulsifier used, Tween 20 being a registered trademark for an emulsifier. which we will call later "Tween 20".

By Venturi effect the "Tween 20" is sucked in by the jet coherent 5 of oil with which it mixes to form the resulting coherent jet 9.

It should be noted that the "Tween 20" does not dissolve in the dispersed phase, that is to say the oil. On the one in general, the emulsifier dissolves only in the dispersing phase; thus, the "Tween 20" mixes with a homogeneously in coherent jet 5 without being there dissolves.

The resulting coherent jet 9 is then introduced in immersion in water, corresponding to the dispersing phase, which is continuously injected into the central cylinder 35 through opening 43 as indicated by arrow 50 of the figure 3.

When the resulting coherent jet 9 which consists in the mixture of oil and "Tween 20" comes into contact with water, oil droplets form in the water and the "Tween 20" is positioned around these droplets to prevent them from coming together and we thus obtains an oil-in-water emulsion. The emulsion thus obtained continues its descent into the central cylinder 35 to then go up between the walls of the middle cylindrical container 34 and said cylinder central 35, as indicated by the arrows 51, and to be finally drawn off through opening 42 as indicated by arrow 52. The emulsion can then be regulated by temperature thanks to the passage of a heat fluid between the main cylindrical container 33 and the container cylindrical median 34. The heat fluid enters through the upper openings 36.37, as indicated by arrows 53 and exits through the lower openings 38.39, as indicated by the arrows 54 in FIG. 3.

The size of the emulsion droplets, and more precisely their diameter, depends in particular on the energy brought in the form of agitation in the middle as we have already seen but also fluids used. For an emulsion of type oil in water for example, the size of the droplets will depend in particular on the type of oil used.

Figure 5 shows the percentage of droplets according to their diameter, expressed in nanometer (nm) for an oil-in-water type emulsion, including 10% sunflower oil, 89% water and 1% of emulsifier "Tween 20", and obtained by projecting a jet sunflower oil, pressurized to 200 MPa, in water in which the "Tween 20" was previously dissolved. The general shape of the curve and the peak around 500 nm indicate that the average droplet diameter of the emulsion is between 500 and 600 nm. For a emulsion comprising 10% sunflower oil, 89.5% water and 0.5% "Tween 20" emulsifier and obtained according to the invention, the percentage of droplets as a function of their diameter, expressed in nanometers, represented on the Figure 6 shows a different curve. We see, in effect, a first peak around 200 nm and a second peak around 450 nm indicating more stabilization rapid dispersed phase, i.e. oil, then a slight phenomenon of coalescence. So we get a emulsion with smaller droplet size for a lesser amount of emulsifier as specified in the figure 7.

The graph in Figure 7 represents the destabilization expressed as a percentage, on the ordinate, which corresponds to the percentage of the quantity of the phase destabilized compared to its initial quantity, in function of the emulsifier / dispersed phase ratio, abscissa, i.e. the ratio of percentages emulsifier and dispersed phase of the emulsion. The curve in dotted lines corresponds to an emulsion obtained by introducing a jet of water, pressurized to 200 MPa, in oil in which been previously mixed the "Tween 20" and the curve in solid line corresponds to an emulsion obtained according to the invention. We observes, with reference to FIG. 7, that the stabilization, i.e. zero destabilization, is obtained at a ratio of about 0.03 for an emulsion conforming to the invention and at a ratio of about 0.12 for the other emulsion conventionally obtained. Therefore, one more small amount of emulsifier is required to stabilize the emulsion. Indeed, one can reasonably consider that the "Tween 20" not being introduced in a way homogeneous in oil only a few milliseconds before impact with water, due to the dimensions of the tube Venturi 28 and the speed of the oil in the jet coherent 5, only the emulsifier necessary for the stabilization of the dispersed phase interface and dispersant is not required and therefore is not provided.

It is obvious that the values carried on the Figures 5, 6 and 7 are purely indicative and vary in depending on the types of emulsion. Furthermore, according to types of emulsion and their applications, an emulsifier appropriate will be used.

Finally, it goes without saying that the method according to the invention and the foaming device using it make it possible to make all types of emulsion, especially emulsions of the water in oil type or of the ternary type, and the examples that we just gave are just illustrations particular in no way limiting as to the fields of application of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A process for manufacturing continuously or discontinuously a mixture or an emulsion from at least one emulsifying agent and at least two fluids considered to be immiscible, for example a fatty substance mixed with water and an appropriate emulsifying agent, said fluids defining a dispersed phase and a dispersing phase, characterised in that since the dispersed phase is either contained in an adapted tank or delivered continuously, at least the following steps are performed in order:

   the dispersed phase is pressurised by conventional high-pressure pumping means then,

   the dispersed phase is abruptly depressurised using means able to create a coherent jet (5) then,

   an appropriate emulsifying agent is then introduced into said coherent jet (5) using means of mixing the dispersed phase with said emulsifying agent and thus obtaining a resulting coherent jet (9) then,

   said resulting coherent jet (9) is brought into contact with the dispersing phase in order to obtain, finally, the emulsion.
2. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that the fluid or fluids forming the dispersed phase is pressurised at a pressure above or equal to 200 Mpa.
3. A process according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the temperature of the pressurised dispersed phase is controlled in accordance with a temperature scale of between -20°C and +80°C.
4. A process according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the resulting coherent jet (9) is brought into contact with the dispersing phase by positioning said resulting coherent jet (9) in immersion in the dispersing phase in a static or quasi-static position.
5. A process according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the resulting coherent jet (9) is brought into contact with the dispersing phase using means of introducing the dispersing phase into said resulting coherent jet (9) and simultaneously emulsifying them so forming a final coherent jet (13).
6. A device for continuously or discontinuously manufacturing a mixture or an emulsion from at least one emulsifying agent and at least two fluids considered to be immiscible, for example a fatty liquid product mixed with water and an appropriate emulsifying agent, said fluids defining a dispersed phase and a dispersing phase, implementing the process according to claim 4 and comprising a high-pressure pump (2) the inlet of which is connected to a fluid source such as a tank (1) containing a dispersed phase, characterised in that the outlet of the high-pressure pump (2) is connected, by connection means (6), to means (4) of discharging the dispersed phase in the form of a coherent jet (5) engaging with means (7), connected to an open tank (8) and using the Venturi effect, of introducing an emulsifying agent into said coherent jet (5) so as to form a resulting coherent jet (9) in a focus tube (30) integral with the introduction means (7) and running, in immersion, into the dispersing phase contained in continuous or discontinuous emulsion bleed-off means (10).
7. A device for continuously or discontinuously manufacturing a mixture or an emulsion from at least one additive and at least two fluids considered to be immiscible, for example a fatty liquid product mixed with water and an appropriate emulsifying agent, said fluids defining a dispersed phase and a dispersing phase, implementing the process according to claim 5 and comprising a high-pressure pump (2) the inlet of which is connected to a fluid source such as a tank (1) containing a dispersed phase, characterised in that the outlet of the high-pressure pump (2) is connected, by connection means (6), to means (4) of discharging the dispersed phase in the form of a coherent jet (5), fitted at their outlet with at least two means (7, 11) which are mounted in series, connected to an open tank (8) and (12) respectively and using the Venturi effect, of introducing respectively at least the emulsifying agent into said coherent jet (5) to form a resulting coherent jet (9) and the dispersing phase into said resulting coherent jet (9) to form a final coherent jet (13) and so to obtain the emulsion which is recovered continuously or discontinuously at the outlet of the second introduction means (11) by bleed-off means (10).
8. An emulsifier device according to any one of the claims 6 and 7, characterised in that the connection means (3) between the high-pressure pump (2) and the discharging means (4), are fitted with temperature control means (6) over all or part of their length.
9. An emulsifier device according to claim 8, characterised in that the temperature control means (8) are constituted by a heat sensor (20) positioned on the connection means (3) and by a spiral coil (18), connected to a heat exchanger (13), which surrounds said connection means (3).
10. An emulsifier device according to any one of claims 6 to 9 characterised in that the bleed-off means (10) are fitted with temperature control means (33, 36, 37, 38, 39) connected to the heat exchanger (13).

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