EP1298195A1 - Semiautomatische Dosierung - Google Patents
Semiautomatische Dosierung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1298195A1 EP1298195A1 EP02021944A EP02021944A EP1298195A1 EP 1298195 A1 EP1298195 A1 EP 1298195A1 EP 02021944 A EP02021944 A EP 02021944A EP 02021944 A EP02021944 A EP 02021944A EP 1298195 A1 EP1298195 A1 EP 1298195A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- insoluble
- active substance
- active
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
- A47L15/42—Details
- A47L15/44—Devices for adding cleaning agents; Devices for dispensing cleaning agents, rinsing aids or deodorants
- A47L15/4445—Detachable devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
- C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F39/00—Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00
- D06F39/02—Devices for adding soap or other washing agents
- D06F39/024—Devices for adding soap or other washing agents mounted on the agitator or the rotating drum; Free body dispensers
Definitions
- the present application relates to the semi-automatic dosage of active substances. Especially The present application relates to a method for semiautomatic dosing of Detergents and cleaning agents such as those used for dishwashing in dishwashers be used.
- Detergents and cleaning agents and processes for their preparation are well known and in the state the technology thus broadly described. Usually, they are the consumer in the form of spray-dried or granulated powder products or provided as a liquid product. the Following the consumer's request for simple dosing, in addition to these two classic variants products in pre-portioned form established in the market and are in the state of the art Technique also comprehensively described, wherein in particular compressed molded articles, ie tablets, Blocks, briquettes and the like, and sachets packed in sachets solid or liquid Washing and cleaning agents are mentioned.
- EP 0 215 366 describes a detergent container with a melting closure, in which the melting closure melts at a certain operating temperature, whereby the cleaning agent is released.
- the closure of the container is not reusable, also a multiple dosing with this system is not possible.
- DE 39 02 356 discloses a Dosier aside, which can also be used only for a wash cycle, and its operating principle is also based on a temperature-dependent release of the detergent. By a resulting in increasing temperature overpressure in the dispenser a slide valve is moved to its open position and allows the exit of the detergent in the washing machine.
- the object of the present application was therefore to provide a metering method for active substances, preferably for active ingredients in the field of detergents and cleaners, which substantially simplifies the metering of these active substances, in particular in a reliable manner the prerequisites for a simple and time-saving repeated metering or Multiple dosing of these active ingredients creates, it was preferred to combine such a multiple dose in addition with mechanisms for the time-delayed release of the active substances (controlled release). The time required for the dosage of the funds should be minimized. The aim was also to provide funds for carrying out such a procedure. The possibility of direct contact of the consumer with the active substance should preferably be avoided. Finally, the process should be as flexible as possible to different requirements in the various conceivable application areas. Also, the means for performing the method should not limit the applicability of the method, in particular not, as in the case of DE 195 40 608 , be bound to a combination with another device.
- the subject of the present application is therefore a process for the dosage of active substances and / or active-substance preparations, characterized in that from a water-insoluble container, comprising at least two receiving troughs and at least one (n) in these receiving troughs active ingredient and / or active ingredient preparation, each of these receiving wells is closed by a single water-insoluble protective film, at least one of these water-insoluble protective films is removed and the container so with water or aqueous Solutions or water-containing solutions is brought into contact, that the / the active substance (s) and / or the active ingredient preparation (s) by dispersion and / or dissolution processes in the water or the aqueous solutions or water-containing solutions is / are released.
- the process of the invention provided that the water-insoluble container not only two but three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, includes twenty-four or more receiving troughs and each of these receiving troughs is closed by a single water-insoluble protective film.
- the aforementioned receiving troughs of the water-insoluble container not only allow the multiple portioning of active ingredients within a container, but allow it For example, to separate active ingredients and / or active substance preparations spatially from each other. This separation may be due, for example, to chemical incompatibility, but as in one the following paragraphs in detail, also with the purpose of controlled release of active substances or active substance preparations.
- a method characterized is that the water-insoluble container three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four or more receptacles, and respectively two, three, four or more of these receptacles by a single water-insoluble Protective film are therefore excluded in the context of the present application prefers.
- the dosing method described above is then particularly time-saving and consumer-friendly and thus in the context of the present application particularly preferred when the water-insoluble Before removing the protective film, the container is fixed inside the device, in which the subsequent contact with the water or the aqueous solution or the water-containing Solution should be done and after removing the protective film during the course of a manual and / or semiautomatic method and / or fully automatic method with water or aqueous Solutions or water-containing solutions is brought into contact.
- Such an approach Reduces the necessary operations for dosing the active ingredient (s) on the removal of the water-insoluble protective film.
- the device can depending on the field of application of the method according to the invention, for example dishwashing machines, Piping systems, mixers, spraying and pumping devices, storage tanks, Washers or washing machines act.
- the device is a dishwasher, in the process of a cleaning program.
- Preferred subject of the present application is thus also a method which is characterized in that the water-insoluble Before removing the protective film, place the container inside a dishwasher and after Remove the protective film during the course of a cleaning program with water or aqueous Solutions or water-containing solutions is brought into contact, depending on the device (dishwasher) may be advantageous, the attachment by a holding device inside this device (dishwasher) or by one on the water-insoluble Container located holding device takes place.
- the attachment of the holding device in the Machine can be done for example on locking, clamping, plug or snap closures. Also conceivable is the permanent bonding of the holding device, the use of Velcro fasteners or suction cups.
- the attachment can be made to the inside of the device, the door or the cutlery or crockery baskets.
- the water-insoluble dosing container or a second container contained in this container to make it on easy way in a cutlery basket or dish rack can be accommodated.
- the holding device described above is not only suitable, the water-insoluble Dosier spasier spasier spasier spasier there permanently, so at least for the number of feasible by means of the dosing Washing and cleaning operations, but protects in another preferred Embodiment also the water-insoluble dosing container before mechanical effects within the dishwasher, as for example by the rinsing liquor during the cleaning cycle caused.
- such holding devices are particularly preferred that not only attach the metering container but also clad, where a panel preferably only the part of the water-insoluble Dosier spasier spasier spasier spas from the outside accessible for the respective cleaning cycle by removing the water-insoluble Protective film should be activated.
- the preferred by the stability of the dosing itself or a dosing this included holding device is ensured, including the chemical stability of this container or the holding device against external influences of importance. Since the invention semiautomatic dosing the contact of the dosing with water or aqueous Solutions or water-containing solutions involves an obvious need
- This container made of a water-insoluble material to the possibility of a to ensure repeated use of this container.
- Plastics in particular polymers Plastics are among the most versatile materials for manufacturing industrial goods. Important Properties of Kunststoffoffen are, for example, their high mechanical strength, the favorable ratio of strength and density and high resistance to chemicals. in the Therefore, within the scope of the present invention, a method is preferred, characterized in that in that the water-insoluble container consists of water-insoluble polymers and / or polymer mixtures consists.
- polymers in the context of the present application polymers, Polyadducts and polycondensates summarized.
- polymers in this application are referred to such high molecular weight compounds, whose construction is based on a chain growth mechanism.
- Preferred polymers are in the context of the present application polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-1-butene, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene, Polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile and / or polystyrene.
- Polyadducts are formed by polyaddition, ie polyreactions in which many times repeating and independent linking reactions of bis- or polyfunctional Educts (monomers) via reactive oligomers eventually polymers arise.
- preferred Polyadducts are polyurethanes.
- polycondensates are formed by repetitive and mutually repeating processes independent linking reactions of discrete oligomers and monomers, but in the Contrary to the polyaddition simultaneously a cleavage of low molecular weight compounds takes place.
- Preferred polycondensates in the context of the present invention are polyamides, polycarbonates and polyester.
- Plastics are characterized by a special versatility also with regard to their processability out. Plastics can also be shaping by extrusion or injection molding be processed as by drawing process. When pulling (thermoforming) is a preheated Plastic sheet or foil between the two parts of the tool, the positive and the negative, introduced and then compressed, whereby the plastic part receives its shape. Similar runs the so-called cold deformation; Here is the plate or foil to be deformed but not preheated. If no negative tool is available, it is called deep drawing. In the context of the present invention, it is now particularly preferred that the water-insoluble Container is a thermoforming mold.
- a preferred water-insoluble container depending on the water-insoluble plastic used and the nature of the use of the dosing container has a wall thickness between 5 ⁇ m and 2000 ⁇ m, preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 1000 ⁇ m and in particular between 50 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
- the watertight cover of the receiving trough of the dosing with one or more water-insoluble protective films is a basic requirement for the use of this container for repeated dosing of active substances.
- water-insoluble polymers For the reasons mentioned above have become also proven for the production of these protective films water-insoluble polymers.
- a preferred Embodiment of the method according to the invention consists of the aforementioned water-insoluble Film therefore of water-insoluble polymers and / or polymer blends.
- Polymers and polymer mixtures are subject to the same explanations as already mentioned with regard to made the water-insoluble container forming preferred polymers and polymer blends were. To avoid repetition reference is made to these sections.
- these protective films can be in a preferred Variant of the method according to the invention be provided with a Metallevampfung or with be connected to a metal foil.
- the Metallevampfung or the metal foil can be up the receiving trough facing side or facing away from the receiving trough Side of the protective film or on both sides of this protective film.
- the thickness of said protective film is advantageous to adapt to the respective procedural requirements.
- water-insoluble protective films having a thickness between 1 ⁇ m and 1000 ⁇ m, preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m and in particular between 10 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m exhibit.
- volumes are determined by the size of the receiving wells and may vary depending strongly different from the application of the method according to the invention. As part of In this application, it is preferable that the ones sealed with the water-insoluble protective film Receiving wells a volume of 1 ml to 1000 ml, preferably from 1 ml to 100 ml and especially from 1 ml to 50 ml.
- the water-insoluble protective film in the receiving cavity sealed volume is in addition to the by the water-insoluble protective film in the receiving cavity sealed volume and thereby defined amount of an active substance or an active ingredient preparation and the depth of the receiving trough significant.
- the depth of the receiving trough in particular however, the ratio of the opening area of the receiving trough to its depth, among others Factors the duration of the solution and / or dispersion process of the active ingredients in the receiving trough affected.
- Particularly preferred methods according to the invention have now been found characterized in that the quotient of the dimensionless opening area of the receiving troughs and the dimensionless volume of the receiving wells at least 0.1, especially preferably at least 0.2 and in particular at least 0.4.
- the active substances present in the receiving troughs of the water-insoluble container in principle no restrictions are imposed on the present process according to the invention, that is, in addition to solid and gel-like liquid, preferably liquid, non-aqueous active ingredients and / or active substance preparations are present in the receiving troughs.
- the active substance preparations can be used as dispersions, that is, for example in the form of Suspensions or emulsions are present.
- solid active ingredients and / or active substance preparations are all amorphous, semi-crystalline and / or crystalline substances or substance mixtures, for example in the form of powders, Tablets or extrudates.
- the confectioning process of the particulate active substance and / or the particulate active substance preparation is responsible for the effectiveness of the method according to the invention not significant.
- the particulate located in the receiving wells Active substances by molding processes, such as thermoplastic processes or Pressing process, preferably by spray-drying, granulation, agglomeration, pelleting, Roll compaction, (co) extrusion, crimping, pasting, injection molding, molding, calendering, Crystallization, tabletting or a combination of these methods to assemble, as These methods are characterized by both high flexibility and high reliability.
- molding processes such as thermoplastic processes or Pressing process, preferably by spray-drying, granulation, agglomeration, pelleting, Roll compaction, (co) extrusion, crimping, pasting, injection molding, molding, calendering, Crystallization, tabletting or a combination of these methods to assemble, as These methods are characterized by both high flexibility and high reliability.
- preferred particulate compounds prepared by said processes may be used Active ingredients / Active substance preparations, one, two, three, four or more phases, wherein these multiphase solid confections, for example, by common tableting various powdery premixes, by coextrusion of various deformable By mass or by gluing different ingredients (e.g., tablet, extrudate and / or Casting) can be obtained.
- active ingredients / Active substance preparations one, two, three, four or more phases, wherein these multiphase solid confections, for example, by common tableting various powdery premixes, by coextrusion of various deformable By mass or by gluing different ingredients (e.g., tablet, extrudate and / or Casting) can be obtained.
- the spatial form of the above-mentioned confectioning produced solid active ingredients / active substance preparations it applies only to the compatibility of the dimension of the solids with the dimensions of the receiving well (s) of the water-insoluble container.
- the solids can be made by compaction or other methods suitable for the receiving troughs or parts of these Receiving troughs (bottom plate, side plate) are made.
- the Kompaktate produce within the wells, for example by tableting in the receiving trough.
- the combination of particulate substances with compactates and / or by solidification or crystallization solidified substances in the context of the invention Dosing process preferred type of packaging of active ingredients or active substance preparations.
- a receiving trough containing particulate or gel-like active substances or active substance preparations by pouring on and then Solidification of a fusible substance or the incorporation of compacts (tablets, Extrudates, etc.) in powdered, gelatinous and / or waxy active substances or active substance mixtures, for example, by pressing or sticking, wherein the inserted compactates preferably an added benefit, for example by (delayed release) release of a provide additional active substance.
- gel-like active ingredients and / or active-substance preparations are used in the context the present application viscous and highly viscous substances or mixtures of substances summarized to dimensionally stable gels, which understood as “dimensionally stable” such preparations which have an intrinsic dimensional stability which enables them, under usual conditions the manufacture, storage, transport and handling by the consumer to have a stable, non-disintegrating spatial form against breakage and / or pressure, which does not change even under the conditions mentioned for a long time, that is under the usual conditions of manufacture, storage, transport and handling by the consumer in the spatio-geometric shape resulting from the production persists, or after the end of the action of an external under the conditions of manufacture, the storage, transport and handling usual force, in these spatial geometric Form returns.
- the viscosity of the gel-like active substances and / or active substance preparations can by standard methods (for example, Brookfield LVT-II viscometer at 20 U / min and 20 ° C, spindle 3) are measured and is in the case of gel-like active substances and / or active mixtures in the context of the present invention at viscosities above or equal to 10000 mPas
- thickening agent contains one or more thickening agents.
- preferred Thickeners are, for example, substances from the group agar-agar, carrageenan, tragacanth, Gum arabic, alginates, pectins, polyoses, guar flour, locust bean gum, Starch, Dextrins, Gelatin, Casein, Carboxymethylcellulose, Kernmehlether, Polyacryl- u.
- Polymethacrylic Conn. Vinyl polymers, polycarboxylic acids, polyethers, polyimines, polyamides, polysilicic acids, Clay minerals such as montmorillonites, zeolites and silicas in the active ingredients and / or To incorporate active mixtures, wherein it has proved to be particularly advantageous if this Gels the thickener in amounts between 0.2 and 8 wt .-%, preferably between 0.3 and 6 Wt .-% and particularly preferably between 0.4 and 4 wt .-% based on the total weight of the active substance or the active substance preparation.
- Naturally derived polymers used as thickening agents in the context of the present invention are preferably used, as described above, for example, agar-agar, carrageenan, Tragacanth, gum arabic, alginates, pectins, polyoses, guar flour, locust bean gum, Starch, dextrins, gelatin and casein.
- Preferred modified natural products come from especially from the group of modified starches and celluloses, examples being carboxymethylcellulose and other cellulose ethers, hydroxyethyl and propyl cellulose, and gum ethers called.
- a large group of thickeners widely used in a wide variety of applications are the fully synthetic polymers such as polyacrylic and polymethacrylic compounds, Vinyl polymers, polycarboxylic acids, polyethers, polyimines, polyamides and polyurethanes.
- Thickeners from these classes of compounds are commercially available and are widely available for example under the trade names Acusol®-820 (methacrylic acid (stearyl alcohol-20-EO) ester-acrylic acid copolymer, 30% in water, Rohm & Haas), Dapral® GT-282-S (alkyl polyglycol ether, Akzo), Deuterol® polymer 11 (dicarboxylic acid copolymer, Schöner GmbH), Deuteron® XG (Anionic heteropolysaccharide based on ⁇ -D-glucose, D-mannose, D-glucuronic acid, more beautiful GmbH), Deuteron®-XN (nonionic polysaccharide, Schöner GmbH), Dicrylan®-thickener-O (Ethylene oxide adduct, 50% in water / isopropanol, Pfersse Chemie), EMA®-81 and EMA®-91 (Ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, Mons
- preferred gel forms may contain various solvents, wherein active ingredients or active substance preparations have proved to be particularly advantageous, the Water and / or one or more water-miscible solvents in amounts of from 25 to 70 Wt .-%, preferably from 30 to 65 wt .-% and particularly preferably from 35 to 60 wt .-% contain.
- the water-miscible solvents one or more substances from the group of the group ethanol, n- or i-propanol, n- or sec- or tert-butanol, glycol, propane or butanediol, glycerol, diglycol, propyl or butyldiglycol, Hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol propyl ether, Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl, ethyl or propyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl, or ethyl ether, diisopropylene glycol monomethyl, or -ethyl ether, methoxy, ethoxy or butoxytriglycol, 1-butoxyethoxy-2-propano
- liquid active ingredients and / or active mixtures are used in the context of the present inventions denotes substances or mixtures of substances with a viscosity below 10000 mPas exhibit.
- the determination of the viscosity can be carried out by conventional standard methods (for example Brookfield viscometer LVT-II at 20 rpm and 20 ° C, spindle 3).
- a method is preferred which is characterized in that the active substance (s) are in solid and / or gel and / or non-aqueous liquid form present in the receiving trough.
- the release of those in the receiving trough (s) is located Active ingredients / active substance preparations delayed for the period required for the disintegration of the water-soluble and / or water-dispersible film is needed.
- a modification of the aforementioned preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is further a method preferred, which is characterized in that between the water-insoluble film and the water-insoluble container two, three, four or more identical and / or different ones water-soluble and / or water-dispersible films, which after removal of the water-insoluble Completely seal one, two, three or more receiving troughs, However, in contact with water or aqueous solutions or water-containing Resolve solutions.
- the water-soluble and / or water-dispersible film are in principle suitable All substances or substance mixtures that can be made up in the form of a film.
- a method in which the water-soluble and / or water-dispersible Foil of (acetalised) polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, gelatin, Starch and starch derivative (s), cellulose and cellulose derivative (s), especially methylcellulose and / or mixtures of these substances this list being exemplary and the The invention is not limiting.
- the film (s) contains one or more materials from the group of acrylic acid-containing polymers, polyacrylamides, Oxazoline polymers, polystyrenesulfonates, polyurethanes, polyesters and polyethers and their mixtures include / include.
- the in the receiving troughs contained active ingredients and / or active substance preparations by a - preferably controllable - water solubility of the film material at a certain point in time of the washing, Cleaning or rinsing, for example, when reaching a certain temperature, or upon reaching a certain pH or ionic strength of the wash liquor or also fed into the aqueous liquor due to other controllable events or conditions can be.
- the quality of the material as well as its quantity / strength take on these solubility properties direct influence. It is therefore within the scope of the present invention, such a method particularly preferred, which is characterized in that the thickness of the water-soluble Film between 1 .mu.m and 1000 .mu.m, preferably between 5 .mu.m and 500 .mu.m and in particular between 10 .mu.m and 200 .mu.m.
- Different film thicknesses with the goal of a delayed Release of active substances and / or active substance preparations can also be advantageous, for example by the multiple sealing of one or more receiving wells by means of one or more realize several identical or different water-soluble films.
- the thickness of the water-soluble Film in the sense of the present invention then results as the sum of the thicknesses the one receiving trough sealing, superimposed water-soluble individual sheets.
- the latter can be different Quality of the material as well as by different amounts of material (thickness) or also different geometries of the water-insoluble container can be achieved. For example it is possible through the outer shape of the water-insoluble container to the water access complicate and thus delay the dissolution process.
- the foils of different thicknesses too design and thus allow earlier dissolving at the thinner areas. Be such different thickness water-soluble films to cover different receiving troughs used, the active substances contained in these receiving wells to different Times released.
- the films are made of materials of different water solubility, for example Polyvinalalkoholen (PVAL) with different residual acetate content.
- the water-soluble and / or water-dispersible Foil in addition to the ingredients mentioned also one or more washing and cleaning active Contain substances or consist of these substances (ex .: polyvinyl alcohols as Sheeting and builder).
- washing active, cleaning active or active ingredients which are present in the preparations and which are present only in small amounts are and their uniform incorporation therefore not unproblematic, in the film or a part of the film, for example one which is in the state of washing, cleaning or rinsing dissolves, in which just the active ingredient is needed to be incorporated, thereby it is released into the liquor at the right time when the film is dissolved.
- An example this may be fragrances in the last phase of the washing or cleaning or rinsing process but also optical brighteners, UV protectants, dyes and other detergent-active, cleansing or rinse-active preparations.
- inventive method for semiautomatic dosing in combination with a time controlled release of the active substances and / or active substance preparations consists in the use of Active substances and / or active substance preparations whose rate of release by dispersion and / or solution processes in water or aqueous solutions or water-containing Solutions are different.
- Preferred is therefore a method which is characterized that the receiving trough contains at least two active substances and / or active substance preparations whose Release rate by dispersion and / or dissolution processes in the water or the aqueous solutions or water-containing solutions are different.
- differences in the rate of release of active substances can be and / or active substance mixtures realize by their different melting temperatures, these different melting temperatures being at the melting temperatures relate to different matrices and / or different coatings.
- these different melting temperatures being at the melting temperatures relate to different matrices and / or different coatings.
- meltable or softenable Substances as matrix or coating material for the active substances or active substance preparations.
- coating means in the context of the present invention in addition to the coating of one or more sides or surfaces of an object such as a solid particulate agent, the one complete coating, ie the wrapping of this particulate object.
- fusible substances have a melting point above 30 ° C on. If active ingredient preparations by the inventive method to different Times, for example, during the various rinses of a cleaning process can be released, for example, through the use of various fusible Matrices or coatings are made, which differ in their melting point, wherein the melting points of these substances preferably to the temperature profile of this Cleaning process adapted and the difference of the melting points is sufficient to the separate Dissolve the individual matrices or coatings to ensure.
- Dosing for example, for the dosage of cleaning agents for the machine dishwashing and continue to be two or more different Matrices or coatings as a carrier material or coating material of active substances and / or active substance preparations with the aim of the time-separated release in the different Matrices or coatings included active ingredients and / or active ingredient preparations used, such substances for the different matrices and / or Coatings preferred with respect to their melting point by at least 5 ° C, preferably differ by 10 ° C, more preferably by 15 ° C and especially by at least 20 ° C, it being further preferred that the melting point of at least one of the fusible Substances that form a matrix or coating below 30 ° C while the melting point of at least one further substance, which is another matrix or coating form, is above 30 ° C.
- a softenable substance as a matrix for an active ingredient or an active ingredient preparation to be used, this can be made up under the action of heat softenable mass, by the desired further ingredients with this meltable or softenable Mixture mixed and the mixture heated to temperatures in the softening range of this substance and is processed molding at these temperatures.
- the softening substances used as a coating agent such a coating, for example by dipping, spraying or tumbling in a drum coater or coating pan.
- meltable or softenable substances are not sharp defined melting point, as it usually occurs in pure, crystalline substances, but may have a range of several degrees Celsius melting range.
- the Meltable or softenable substances preferably have a melting range which is between about 45 ° C and about 75 ° C. That is, in the present case, that the melting range within the specified temperature interval occurs and does not designate the width of the melting range.
- the width of the melting region is preferably at least 1 ° C., preferably about 2 to about 3 ° C.
- waxes are usually met by so-called waxes.
- “Waxing” is understood to mean a number of natural or artificial substances, usually melt above 40 ° C without decomposition and relatively little above the melting point low viscosity and non-stringy. They have a strong temperature-dependent consistency and solubility.
- the waxes are divided into three groups, the natural waxes, chemical modified waxes and the synthetic waxes.
- Natural waxes include, for example, vegetable waxes such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, Japan wax, Esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, Ouricury wax, or montan wax, animal waxes such as beeswax, shellac wax, Spermaceti, lanolin (wool wax), or raffia fat, mineral waxes such as ceresin or ozokerite (earth wax), or petrochemical waxes such as petrolatum, paraffin waxes or microwaxes.
- the chemically modified waxes include, for example, hard waxes such as montan ester waxes, Sassol waxes or hydrogenated jojoba waxes.
- Synthetic waxes are generally polyalkylene waxes or polyalkylene glycol waxes Understood. As meltable or softenable substances for the hardening by cooling Compounds which can also be used are compounds from other substance classes which meet the stated requirements regarding the softening point. As suitable synthetic compounds have For example, higher esters of phthalic acid, in particular dicyclohexyl phthalate, the commercial under the name Unimoll® 66 (Bayer AG). Also suitable are synthetic waxes prepared from lower carboxylic acids and fatty alcohols, for example dimyristyl tartrate, which is available under the name Cosmacol® ETLP (Condea). Conversely, synthetic ones too or partially synthetic esters of lower alcohols with fatty acids from natural sources.
- this class of substances includes Tegin® 90 (Goldschmidt), a glycerol monostearate palmitate.
- Shellac for example shellac KPS three-ring SP (Kalkhoff GmbH) is inventively as meltable or softenable substances used.
- Wax alcohols are higher molecular weight, water-insoluble fatty alcohols with usually about 22 to 40 carbon atoms.
- the wax alcohols come for example in the form of wax esters of higher molecular weight fatty acids (wax acids) as the main constituent of many natural waxes in front.
- wax alcohols are lignoceryl alcohol (1-tetracosanol), cetyl alcohol, Myristyl alcohol or melissyl alcohol.
- the envelope of the invention enveloped Solid particles may optionally also contain wool wax alcohols, of which triterpenoid and Steroidal alcohols, for example lanolin, understands, for example, under the trade name Argowax® (Pamentier & Co) is available. Also at least partially as part of the Meltable or softenable substances can be used in the context of the present invention fatty acid glycerol esters or fatty acid alkanolamides but optionally also water-insoluble or only sparingly water-soluble polyalkylene glycol compounds.
- meltable or softenable substances in the masses to be processed are those from the group of polyethylene glycols (PEG) and / or polypropylene glycols (PPG) Polyethylene glycols having molecular weights between 1500 and 36,000 are preferred, those with Molar masses of 2000 to 6000 are particularly preferred and those having molecular weights of 3000 to 5000 are particularly preferred. Also corresponding methods characterized that the plastically deformable mass (s) at least one substance from the group of Polyethylene glycols (PEG) and / or polypropylene glycols (PPG) are / are preferred.
- masses to be processed are particularly preferred, which contain propylene glycols (PPG) and / or polyethylene glycols (PEG) as sole meltable or softenable substances.
- PPG propylene glycols
- PEG polyethylene glycols
- Polypropylene glycols which can be used according to the invention are polymers of propylene glycol which have the following general formula satisfy, where n can take values between 10 and 2000.
- Preferred PPG have molecular weights between 1000 and 10,000, corresponding to values of n between 17 and about 170.
- Polyethylene glycols which can preferably be used according to the invention are polymers of ethylene glycol, those of the general formula H- (O-CH 2 -CH 2 ) n -OH satisfy, where n can take values between 20 and about 1000.
- the abovementioned preferred molecular weight ranges correspond to preferred ranges of the value n in formula IV of about 30 to about 820 (exactly: from 34 to 818), more preferably from about 40 to about 150 (exactly: from 45 to 136). and especially from about 70 to about 120 (exactly: from 68 to 113).
- the invention to be processed contain Masses in the majority of paraffin wax. That is, at least 50% by weight of the total contained meltable or softenable substances, preferably more, of paraffin wax consist. Particularly suitable are paraffin wax contents (based on the total amount of melt or softenable substances) of about 60% by weight, about 70% by weight or about 80% by weight, wherein even higher levels of, for example, more than 90 wt .-% are particularly preferred. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the total amount of the melt used or softenable substances of at least one mass exclusively of paraffin wax.
- Paraffin waxes have, compared to the other mentioned, natural waxes in the context of present invention has the advantage that in an alkaline detergent environment no hydrolysis the waxes take place (as is to be expected, for example, in the case of wax esters) Paraffin wax contains no hydrolyzable groups.
- Paraffin waxes consist mainly of alkanes, as well as low levels of iso- and cycloalkanes.
- the paraffin to be used according to the invention preferably has essentially no constituents with a melting point of more than 70 ° C, more preferably of more than 60 ° C on. shares refractory alkanes in paraffin can fall below this melting temperature in the Detergent liquor unwanted wax residue on the surfaces to be cleaned or leave the goods to be cleaned. Such wax residues usually lead to an unsightly Appearance of the cleaned surface and should therefore be avoided.
- Preferably to be processed masses contain as meltable or softenable substances at least a paraffin wax having a melting range of 50 ° C to 60 ° C, preferred methods characterized in that the deformable mass (s) comprises a paraffin wax a melting range of 50 ° C to 55 ° C contains / contain.
- the content of the paraffin wax used is at ambient temperature (in the Usually about 10 to about 30 ° C) solid alkanes, isoalkanes and cycloalkanes as high as possible.
- the meltable or softenable substances can in addition to paraffin as the main component or another or more of the above-mentioned waxes or waxy substances.
- the melting or softenable substances forming mixture be such that the mass and the resulting Shaped body or molded body component are at least largely water-insoluble.
- the Solubility in water at a temperature of about 30 ° C should not exceed about 10 mg / l, and preferably below 5 mg / l.
- meltable or softenable substances should be as small as possible Water solubility, even in water at elevated temperature, to have a temperature independent Avoid release of the active substances as much as possible.
- Preferred materials to be processed according to the invention are characterized in that they are used as meltable or softenable substances one or more substances with a melting range of 40 ° C to 75 ° C in amounts of 6 to 30 wt .-%, preferably from 7.5 to 25 wt .-% and in particular from 10 to 20 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the mass.
- Another preferred option for the delayed release of active substances or Active substance preparations is the staggered spatial arrangement of these substances in the receiving trough with the goal of a staggered release.
- a spatially staggered Arrangement is, for example, the layer or phase arrangement of the active substances or active substance preparations, for example, the layered tabletting performed above or the layered pouring liquid active substances or mixtures of active substances and their subsequent solidification by solidification and / or crystallization are suitable.
- Active substance preparations produced by the process according to the invention during the prewash cycle preferably include alkali sources or caustic alkali sources, such as Silicates, carbonates, sodium or potassium hydroxide and / or cobuilders (preferably citric acid) and / or enzymes (preferably lipases or amylases).
- alkali sources or caustic alkali sources such as Silicates, carbonates, sodium or potassium hydroxide and / or cobuilders (preferably citric acid) and / or enzymes (preferably lipases or amylases).
- Preferred active ingredients for the Rinse are, for example, nonionic surfactants.
- the semiautomatically dosed active substances by means of the method according to the invention and / or active ingredient formulations have limitations only in chemical compatibility these substances or mixtures with the. packaging-forming water-insoluble container, the water-insoluble protective film or the other optionally usable water-soluble and / or water-dispersible film.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention relates however, on the dosage of washing and cleaning active substances and therefore in particular a method characterized in that it is at the / Active substance (s) and / or the active substance preparation (s) (one) washing and cleaning substance (s) which is selected from the group of builders, cobuilders, surfactants, bleaches, Bleach activators, enzymes, dyes, fragrances, electrolytes, pH adjusters, perfume carriers, fluorescers, Hydrotopes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti redeposition agents, optical brighteners, Grayness inhibitors, anti-shrinkage agents, anti-crease agents, color transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial agents, germicides, fungicides, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, antistatic agents, Ironing aids, repellents and impregnating agents, swelling and anti-slip agents and / or UV absorbers.
- Suitable crystalline layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 H 2 O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2 , 3 or 4 are.
- Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M is sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both ⁇ - and ⁇ -sodium disilicates Na 2 Si 2 O 5 .yH 2 O are preferred.
- amorphous sodium silicates with a Na 2 O: SiO 2 modulus of from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, which Delayed and have secondary washing properties.
- the dissolution delay compared with conventional amorphous sodium silicates may have been caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / densification or by overdrying.
- the term "amorphous” is also understood to mean "X-ray amorphous”.
- the silicates do not yield sharp X-ray reflections typical of crystalline substances in X-ray diffraction experiments, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays which have a width of several degrees of the diffraction angle. However, it may well even lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles provide blurred or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline regions of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values of up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Particularly preferred are compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and overdried X-ray amorphous silicates.
- both the monoalkali metal salts and the dialkali metal salts of Carbonic acid and sesquicarbonates may be included in the compositions.
- Preferred alkali metal ions represent sodium and / or potassium ions.
- the carbonate and / or bicarbonate at least partially separately as another component or to be added later.
- compounds from, for example, carbonate, silicate and optionally further adjuvants such as anionic surfactants or others, In particular, organic builders, as a separate component in the finished Agents are present.
- the alkali metal phosphates have particular preference of pentasodium or Pentakaliumtriphosphat (sodium or Potassium tripolyphosphate) in the detergents and cleaning agents industry the greatest importance.
- Alkali metal phosphates is the summary term for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of various phosphoric acids, in which one can distinguish metaphosphoric acids (HPO 3 ) n and orthophosphoric H 3 PO 4 in addition to higher molecular weight representatives.
- the phosphates combine several advantages: they act as alkali carriers, prevent limescale deposits on machine parts or limescale deposits on the items to be washed and also contribute to the cleaning performance.
- Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, NaH 2 PO 4 exists as a dihydrate (density 1.91 gcm -3 , melting point 60 °) and as a monohydrate (density 2.04 gcm -3 ). Both salts are white powders which are very soluble in water and which lose their water of crystallization when heated and at 200 ° C into the weak acid diphosphate (disodium hydrogen diphosphate, Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7 ), at higher temperature in sodium trimetaphosphate (Na 3 P 3 O 9 ) and Maddrell's salt (see below).
- NaH 2 PO 4 is acidic; It arises when phosphoric acid is adjusted to a pH of 4.5 with sodium hydroxide solution and the mash is sprayed.
- Potassium dihydrogen phosphate potassium phosphate primary or monobasic potassium phosphate, KDP
- KH 2 PO 4 is a white salt of 2.33 gcm -3 density, has a melting point of 253 ° [decomposition to form potassium polyphosphate (KPO 3 ) x ] and is light soluble in water.
- Disodium hydrogen phosphate (secondary sodium phosphate), Na 2 HPO 4 , is a colorless, very slightly water-soluble crystalline salt. It exists anhydrous and with 2 moles (density 2.066 gcm -3 , loss of water at 95 °), 7 moles (density 1.68 gcm -3 , melting point 48 ° with loss of 5 H 2 O) and 12 moles water ( Density 1.52 gcm -3 , melting point 35 ° with loss of 5 H 2 O) becomes anhydrous at 100 ° C and, upon increased heating, passes into the diphosphate Na 4 P 2 O 7 .
- Disodium hydrogen phosphate is prepared by neutralization of phosphoric acid with soda solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator.
- Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (secondary or dibasic potassium phosphate), K 2 HPO 4 , is an amorphous, white salt that is readily soluble in water.
- Trisodium phosphate, tertiary sodium phosphate, Na 3 PO 4 are colorless crystals which have a density of 1.62 gcm -3 as dodecahydrate and a melting point of 73-76 ° C (decomposition), as decahydrate (corresponding to 19-20% P 2 O 5 ) have a melting point of 100 ° C and in anhydrous form (corresponding to 39-40% P 2 O 5 ) have a density of 2.536 gcm -3 .
- Trisodium phosphate is
- Tripotassium phosphate (tertiary or tribasic potassium phosphate), K 3 PO 4 , is a white, deliquescent, granular powder of density 2.56 gcm -3 , has a melting point of 1340 ° and is readily soluble in water with an alkaline reaction. It arises, for example, when heating Thomasschlacke with coal and potassium sulfate. Despite the higher price, the more soluble, therefore highly effective, potassium phosphates are often preferred over the corresponding sodium compounds in the detergent industry.
- Tetrasodium diphosphate (sodium pyrophosphate), Na 4 P 2 O 7 , exists in anhydrous form (density 2.534 gcm -3 , melting point 988 °, also indicated 880 °) and as decahydrate (density 1.815-1.836 gcm -3 , melting point 94 ° with loss of water) , For substances are colorless, in water with alkaline reaction soluble crystals.
- Na 4 P 2 O 7 is formed on heating of disodium phosphate to> 200 ° or by reacting phosphoric acid with soda in a stoichiometric ratio and dewatering the solution by spraying.
- the decahydrate complexes heavy metal salts and hardness agents and therefore reduces the hardness of the water.
- Potassium diphosphate (potassium pyrophosphate), K 4 P 2 O 7 , exists in the form of the trihydrate and is a colorless, hygroscopic powder with a density of 2.33 gcm -3 , which is soluble in water, the pH being 1% Solution at 25 ° 10.4.
- Sodium and potassium phosphates in which one can distinguish cyclic representatives, the sodium or Kaliummetaphosphate and chain types, the sodium or potassium polyphosphates. In particular, for the latter are a variety of names in use: hot or cold phosphates, Graham's salt, Kurrolsches and Maddrell's salt. All higher sodium and potassium phosphates are collectively referred to as condensed phosphates.
- pentasodium triphosphate Na 5 P 3 O 10 (sodium tripolyphosphate)
- sodium tripolyphosphate sodium tripolyphosphate
- n 3
- 100 g of water dissolve at room temperature about 17 g, at 60 ° about 20 g, at 100 ° around 32 g of the salt water-free salt; after two hours of heating the solution to 100 ° caused by hydrolysis about 8% orthophosphate and 15% diphosphate.
- pentasodium triphosphate In the preparation of pentasodium triphosphate, phosphoric acid is reacted with sodium carbonate solution or sodium hydroxide solution in a stoichiometric ratio and the solution is dehydrated by spraying. Similar to Graham's salt and sodium diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate dissolves many insoluble metal compounds (including lime soaps, etc.). Pentakaliumtriphosphat, K 5 P 3 O 10 (potassium tripolyphosphate), for example, in the form of a 50 wt .-% solution (> 23% P 2 O 5 , 25% K 2 O) in the trade. The potassium polyphosphates are widely used in the washing and cleaning industry.
- sodium potassium tripolyphosphates which can also be used in the context of the present invention. These arise, for example, when hydrolyzed sodium trimetaphosphate with KOH: (NaPO 3 ) 3 + 2 KOH ⁇ Na 3 K 2 P 3 O 10 + H 2 O
- sodium tripolyphosphate potassium tripolyphosphate or Mixtures of these two can be used; also mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and Sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of potassium tripolyphosphate and Sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and Potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate can be used according to the invention.
- preferred active ingredients or active substance preparations may also contain sodium and / or potassium hydroxide.
- sodium and / or potassium hydroxide as the alkali source has proved to be advantageous when used as zinc salts Zinc gluconate, zinc formate and zinc acetate are used.
- organic cobuilders can in the receiving wells in the context of the present invention in particular polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, Polyacetals, dextrins, other organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates used become. These classes of substances are described below.
- Useful organic builders are, for example, those in the form of their sodium salts usable polycarboxylic acids, understood by polycarboxylic acids such carboxylic acids which carry more than one acidity function.
- these are citric acid, Adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, Sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided such use of ecological reasons, as well as mixtures of these.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, Tartaric acid, methylglycine diacetic acid, sugar acids and mixtures thereof.
- the acids themselves can also be used.
- the acids are next to theirs Builder action typically also the property of an acidifying component and serve thus also for setting a lower and milder pH of washing or Detergents.
- polymeric polycarboxylates are suitable, these are for example the Alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those having a molecular weight of 500 to 70000 g / mol.
- the molecular weights stated for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M w of the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrenesulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights specified in this document.
- Suitable polymers are in particular polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of 1000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, this group may again, the short-chain polyacrylates, the molecular weights of 1000 to 10,000 g / mol, and especially preferably from 1200 to 4000 g / mol, have to be preferred.
- compositions are both polyacrylates and Copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, sulfonic acid-containing monomers and optionally further ionic or nonionic monomers used.
- Sulfonic acid-containing copolymers will be described in detail below.
- the invention is characterized by an improved "cleanability" of the treated substrates later cleaning operations and by a significant reduction in the drying time compared to comparable agents without the use of sulfonic acid-containing polymers.
- Drying time in the context of the teaching according to the invention is generally understood to mean the meaning of the word, ie the time that elapses until a dish surface treated in a dishwasher has dried, but in particular the time that elapses, up to 90% with a cleaning or Rinse aid is dried in concentrated or diluted form treated surface.
- R 1 to R 3 independently of one another are -H-CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH 2 , -OH or -COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or is -COOH or -COOR 4 , wherein R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- ionic or nonionic monomers are in particular ethylenic unsaturated compounds into consideration.
- the content is preferably according to the invention used polymers of monomers of the group iii) less than 20 wt .-%, based on the Polymer.
- Particularly preferred polymers to be used consist only of monomers of Groups i) and ii).
- copolymers according to the invention in the compositions can be selected from the monomers of the Groups i) and ii) and optionally iii) in varying amounts, all Representatives from group i) with all representatives from group ii) and all representatives from group iii) can be combined.
- Particularly preferred polymers have certain Structural units, which are described below.
- These polymers are prepared by copolymerization of acrylic acid with a sulfonic acid-containing acrylic acid derivative. Copolymerizing the sulfonic acid-containing acrylic acid derivative with methacrylic acid, one arrives at another polymer whose use in the agents according to the invention is also preferred and characterized in that the agents contain one or more copolymers, the structural units of the formula V.
- maleic acid can also be used as a particularly preferred monomer from group i).
- machine dishwashing detergents which comprise one or more copolymers as ingredient b), the structural units of the formulas IV and / or V and / or VI and / or VII and / or VIII and / or IX - [CH 2 -CHCOOH] m - [CH 2 -CHC (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p - - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) COOH] m - [CH 2 -CHC (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p - - [CH 2 -CHCOOH] m - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) C (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p - - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) COOH] m - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) C (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p - - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) COOH] m - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) C
- the sulfonic acid groups can be completely or partially neutralized present, i. that the acidic hydrogen atom of the sulfonic acid group in some or all Sulfonic acid groups against metal ions, preferably alkali metal ions and in particular against Sodium ions, can be replaced.
- Appropriate means which are characterized that the sulfonic acid groups are partially or fully neutralized in the copolymer, are preferred according to the invention.
- the monomer distribution of the copolymers used in the agents according to the invention is in copolymers containing only monomers from groups i) and ii), preferably in each case 5 to 95% by weight of i) or ii), particularly preferably 50 to 90% by weight of monomer from Group i) and 10 to 50 wt .-% monomer from group ii), each based on the polymer.
- terpolymers particular preference is given to those which contain from 20 to 85% by weight of monomer Group i), from 10 to 60% by weight of monomer from group ii) and from 5 to 30% by weight of monomer Group iii).
- the molecular weight of the polymers used in the agents according to the invention can be varied in order to adapt the properties of the polymers to the desired use.
- Preferred automatic dishwashing agents are characterized in that the copolymers have molar masses of from 2000 to 200,000 gmol -1 , preferably from 4000 to 25,000 gmol -1 and in particular from 5000 to 15,000 gmol -1 .
- the content of one or more copolymers in the compositions of the invention may vary depending on Purpose and desired product performance vary, with preferred inventive automatic dishwashing detergents are characterized in that they contain the copolymer (s) in amounts of from 0.25 to 50% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 35% by weight, especially preferably from 0.75 to 20 wt .-% and in particular from 1 to 15 wt .-%.
- compositions according to the invention both polyacrylates and the above-described copolymers of unsaturated Carboxylic acids, sulfonic acid-containing monomers and optionally further ionic or non-ionic monomers.
- the polyacrylates were higher up described in detail.
- Particularly preferred are combinations of the above described sulfonic acid-containing copolymers with low molecular weight polyacrylates, for example, in the range between 1000 and 4000 daltons.
- polyacrylates are commercial available under the trade names Sokalan® PA15 and Sokalan® PA25 (BASF).
- preferred automatic dishwashing detergents therefore comprise one or more zinc salts, preferably from the group consisting of zinc stearate, zinc oleate, zinc citrate, zinc gluconate, zinc lactate and / or zinc acetate, as well as one or more sulfonic acid groups.
- the preferred weight ratio of zinc salt (calculated on Zn 2+ ) to sulfonic acid group-containing copolymer in such a preferred automatic dishwashing detergent is between 20: 1 and 1: 500, in particular between 1: 1 and 1: 400 and particularly preferably between 1:10 and 1: 250th
- copolymeric polycarboxylates in particular those of acrylic acid Methacrylic acid and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
- copolymeric polycarboxylates in particular those of acrylic acid Methacrylic acid and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
- acrylic acid with maleic acid the 50 to 90 wt .-% acrylic acid and 50 to 10 wt .-% maleic acid.
- Their molecular weight relative to free Acids is generally 2000 to 100000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 90,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 80,000 g / mol.
- the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution become.
- the content of the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates is preferably 0.5 to 20 wt .-%, in particular 3 to 10 wt .-%.
- the polymers may also be allyl sulfonic acids, such as For example, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as a monomer.
- biodegradable polymers of more than two various monomer units for example those containing as monomers salts of acrylic acid and the maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or salts as monomers of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives.
- copolymers have as monomers preferably acrolein and Acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.
- builder substances are polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, their To name salts or their precursors. Particularly preferred are polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives.
- polyacetals which are prepared by reaction of dialdehydes with polyol carboxylic acids having 5 to 7 C atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups, can be obtained.
- Preferred polyacetals are selected from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, Glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and from Polyolcarbon Textren such Gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
- dextrins for example oligomers or Polymers of carbohydrates that can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches.
- the hydrolysis can be carried out by customary, for example acid or enzyme catalyzed processes be performed.
- they are hydrolysis products having average molecular weights in the range of 400 to 500,000 g / mol.
- This is a polysaccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range of 0.5 to 40, especially from 2 to 30 preferred, wherein DE a common measure of the reducing effect of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which has a DE of 100 is.
- DE dextrose equivalent
- Useful are both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glucose syrups with a DE between 20 and 37 and so-called Yellow dextrins and white dextrins with higher molecular weights in the range of 2000 to 30,000 g / mol.
- the oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
- a product oxidized to C 6 of the saccharide ring may be particularly advantageous.
- oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates are other suitable cobuilders.
- This is ethylenediamine-N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS) preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts.
- EDDS ethylenediamine-N, N'-disuccinate
- Glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates are also linked to this context. Suitable quantities are in zeolithissen and / or silicate-containing formulations at 3 to 15 wt .-%.
- organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may optionally also be present in lactone form and which at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxy group and a maximum of two Contain acid groups.
- phosphonates these are in particular hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonates.
- Hydroxyalkane phosphonates is the 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) of particular Meaning as a co-builder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, wherein the disodium salt neutral and the tetrasodium salt alkaline (pH 9).
- aminoalkanephosphonates preferably, ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologues in question. They are preferably in the form of neutral sodium salts, e.g. B.
- EDTMP EDTMP
- DTPMP DTPMP
- HEDP HEDP
- the aminoalkane phosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal binding capacity. Accordingly, it may, especially if the Agents also contain bleach, preferably, aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, to use or mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.
- Preferred active ingredients and / or active substance preparations are within the scope of the present invention Notification characterized in that it builders, preferably from the group of Silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and / or phosphates in amounts of from 0.1 to 99.5% by weight, preferably from 1 to 95 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 5 to 90 wt .-% and in particular from 10 to 80% by weight, based in each case on the composition.
- Preferred active ingredients or active substance preparations contain in the context of a preferred Embodiment of the method according to the invention one or more surfactant (s) from the Groups of anionic, nonionic, cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants.
- anionic surfactants for example, those of the sulfonate type and sulfates are used.
- the surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C 9-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, as are obtained, for example, from C 12-18 -monoolefins having terminal or internal double bonds by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acid hydrolysis of the sulfonation products into consideration.
- alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C 12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
- esters of ⁇ -sulfo fatty acids for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids are suitable.
- sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters.
- fatty acid glycerol esters are the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures to understand how they in the Preparation by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol.
- Preferred sulfated Fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids with 6 to 22 Carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, Lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
- Alk (en) ylsulfates are the alkali metal salts and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric monoesters of C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C 10 -C 20 oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of these chain lengths are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of said chain length, which contain a synthetic, produced on a petrochemical basis straight-chain alkyl radical having an analogous degradation behavior as the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
- C 12 -C 16 alkyl sulfates and C 12 -C 15 alkyl sulfates and C 14 -C 15 alkyl sulfates are preferred.
- 2,3-alkyl sulfates which can be obtained as commercial products of the Shell Oil Company under the name DAN®, are suitable anionic surfactants.
- EO ethylene oxide
- Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Due to their high foaming behavior, they are only used in detergents in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of from 1 to 5% by weight.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic esters and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- alcohols preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these.
- Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves constitute nonionic surfactants (see description below).
- Sulfosuccinates whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are again particularly preferred.
- alk (en) ylsuccinic acid having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
- anionic surfactants are particularly soaps into consideration.
- Suitable are saturated Fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular from natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut- , Palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.
- the anionic surfactants including the soaps may be in the form of their sodium, potassium or Ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine, available.
- the anionic surfactants are in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts.
- nonionic surfactants are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture can contain, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten.
- EO ethylene oxide
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are preferred.
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9-11 alcohols with 7 EO, C 13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12-14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C 12-18 -alcohol with 5 EO.
- the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- nonionic surfactants used either alone nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl ester.
- alkyl polyglycosides Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used to advantage are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG).
- APG alkyl polyglycosides
- Usable Alkypolyglycoside meet the general formula RO (G) z , in which R is a linear or branched, especially in the 2-position methyl branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the Is a symbol which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose.
- the degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.
- Preference is given to using linear alkyl polyglucosides, that is to say alkyl polyglycosides which consist of a glucose residue and an n-alkyl chain.
- nonionic surfactants used either alone nonionic surfactant or used in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated Fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
- Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamide be suitable.
- the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half of them.
- polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (X) wherein RCO is an aliphatic acyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 1 is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
- the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (XI) in the R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R 1 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R 2 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, with C 1-4 alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated Derivatives of this residue.
- R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 1 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl
- [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example Glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- a reduced sugar for example Glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- the N-alkoxy or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then be converted by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as a catalyst in the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides be transferred.
- surfactants are generally suitable as surfactants.
- the nonionic surfactants described above and, above all, the low-foaming nonionic surfactants are preferred for this purpose.
- Particularly preferred are the alkoxylated alcohols, especially the ethoxylated and / or propoxylated alcohols.
- the reaction products of alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, with alcohols preferably in the context of the present invention, the longer-chain alcohols (C 10 to C 18 , preferably between C 12 and C 16 , such as, for example, C 11 -, C 12 -, C 13 -, C 14 -, C 15 -, C 16 -, C 17 - and C 18 -alcohols).
- the longer-chain alcohols C 10 to C 18 , preferably between C 12 and C 16 , such as, for example, C 11 -, C 12 -, C 13 -, C 14 -, C 15 -, C 16 -, C 17 - and C 18 -alcohols.
- a further embodiment consists in the use of mixtures of the alkylene oxides, preferably the mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Also, if desired, by a final etherification with short-chain alkyl groups, such as preferably the butyl group, the substance class of "closed" alcohol ethoxylates reach, which can also be used in the context of the invention. Very particularly preferred for the purposes of the present invention are highly ethoxylated fatty alcohols or mixtures thereof with end-capped fatty alcohol ethoxylates.
- nonionic surfactants have been low foaming nonionic surfactants which have alternating ethylene oxide and alkylene oxide units.
- surfactants with EO-AO-EO-AO blocks are preferred, wherein in each case one to ten EO or AO groups are bonded to each other before a block of the other groups follows.
- machine dishwashing detergents according to the invention are preferred which contain surfactants of the general formula XII as nonionic surfactant (s) in which R 1 is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C 6-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical; each group R 2 or R 3 is independently selected from -CH 3 ; -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH (CH 3 ) 2 and the indices w, x, y, z independently of one another are integers from 1 to 6.
- surfactants of the general formula XII as nonionic surfactant (s) in which R 1 is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C 6-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical; each group R 2 or R 3 is independently selected from -CH 3 ; -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH (CH 3 ) 2 and
- the preferred nonionic surfactants of formula XII can be prepared by known methods from the corresponding alcohols R 1 -OH and ethylene or alkylene oxide.
- the radical R 1 in the above formula XII may vary depending on the origin of the alcohol. If native sources are used, the radical R 1 has an even number of carbon atoms and is usually undisplayed, wherein the linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or Oleyl alcohol, are preferred.
- Alcohols accessible from synthetic sources are, for example, the Guerbet alcohols or methyl-branched or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the 2-position in the mixture, as they are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
- R 1 in formula I is an alkyl radical having 6 to 24, preferably 8 to 20, particularly preferably 9 to 15 and in particular 9 to 11 carbon atoms.
- alkylene oxide unit which is contained in the preferred nonionic surfactants in alternation with the ethylene oxide unit, in particular butylene oxide is considered in addition to propylene oxide.
- R 2 or R 3 are independently selected from -CH 2 CH 2 -CH 3 or -CH (CH 3 ) 2 are suitable.
- Preferred automatic dishwashing agents are characterized in that R 2 and R 3 are each a residue -CH 3 , w and x independently of one another for values of 3 or 4 and y and z independently of one another represent values of 1 or 2.
- nonionic surfactants which contain a C 9-15 -alkyl radical having 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units, followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units, followed by 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units, followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units exhibit.
- Low-foaming nonionic surfactants are used as preferred additional surfactants.
- the automatic dishwashing compositions of the invention are particularly preferred nonionic surfactant having a melting point above room temperature.
- preferred agents are characterized by containing nonionic surfactant (s) with a Melting point above 20 ° C, preferably above 25 ° C, more preferably between 25 and 60 ° C and especially between 26.6 and 43.3 ° C, included.
- nonionic surfactants are suitable which Have melting or softening points in said temperature range, such as low foaming nonionic surfactants which are solid or highly viscous at room temperature could be. If high-viscosity nonionic surfactants are used at room temperature, it is preferred that this has a viscosity above 20 Pas, preferably above 35 Pas and in particular above 40 Pas. Also nonionic surfactants, the waxy consistency at room temperature own, are preferred.
- Preferred nonionic surfactants to be used at room temperature are from the groups of alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary alcohols and mixtures thereof
- Surfactants with structurally complicated surfactants such as polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene (PO / EO / PO) surfactants.
- Such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants are outstanding out by good foam control.
- the nonionic surfactant is with a melting point above room temperature, an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant resulting from the reaction from a monohydroxyalkanol or alkylphenol having 6 to 20 C atoms, preferably at least 12 mol, particularly preferably at least 15 mol, in particular at least 20 mol of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol or alkylphenol emerged.
- a particularly preferred room temperature solid nonionic surfactant is obtained from a straight chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (C 16-20 alcohol), preferably a C 18 alcohol and at least 12 moles, preferably at least 15 moles and especially at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide , Of these, the so-called “narrow range ethoxylates" (see above) are particularly preferred.
- active ingredients or active compound formulations contain ethoxylated nonionic surfactant (s) consisting of C 6-20 monohydroxyalkanols or C 6-20 alkylphenols or C 16-20 fatty alcohols and more than 12 moles, preferably more than 15 Mol and in particular more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol was won (n).
- ethoxylated nonionic surfactant consisting of C 6-20 monohydroxyalkanols or C 6-20 alkylphenols or C 16-20 fatty alcohols and more than 12 moles, preferably more than 15 Mol and in particular more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol was won (n).
- the nonionic surfactant preferably additionally has propylene oxide units in the molecule.
- Especially preferred nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated monohydroxyalkanols or alkylphenols, which additionally comprise polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer units.
- the alcohol- or alkylphenol part of such nonionic surfactant molecules preferably makes up more than 30% by weight, more preferably more than 50% by weight and in particular more than 70% by weight of the total Molar mass of such nonionic surfactants.
- Preferred active ingredients or active substance preparations are characterized in that they contain ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic surfactants in which the Propylene oxide units in the molecule up to 25 wt .-%, preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15% by weight of the total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant, contain.
- nonionic surfactants with melting points above room temperature contain 40 to 70% of a polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer blend, 75% by weight of a reverse block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with 17 moles of ethylene oxide and 44 moles of propylene oxide and 25 wt% of a block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene initiated with trimethylolpropane and containing 24 Mole of ethylene oxide and 99 moles of propylene oxide per mole of trimethylolpropane.
- Nonionic surfactants which can be used with particular preference are, for example available under the name Poly Tergent® SLF-18 from Olin Chemicals.
- a further preferred active substance / active substance preparation according to the invention contains nonionic surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O] x [CH 2 CH 2 O] y [CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 ], in which R 1 is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, R 2 denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x for values between 0.5 and 1.5 and y is a value of at least 15.
- nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] j OR 2 in which R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n- Butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5.
- each R 3 in the above formula may be different.
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, with radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred.
- R 3 H, -CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 3 are particularly preferred.
- Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.
- each R 3 in the above formula may be different if x ⁇ 2.
- the alkylene oxide unit in the square bracket can be varied.
- the value 3 for x has been selected here by way of example and may well be greater, with the variation width increasing with increasing x values and including, for example, a large number (EO) groups combined with a small number (PO) groups, or vice versa ,
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined above and x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18.
- Particularly preferred are surfactants in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 has 9 to 14 C atoms, R 3 is H and x assumes values of 6 to 15.
- active compounds / active substance preparations are preferred in the process according to the invention, the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] j OR 2 in which R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, x is n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5, surfactants of the type R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x CH 2 CH (OH) CH 2 OR 2 in which x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from
- anionic, cationic and / or amphoteric Surfactants are used, these being because of their foaming behavior in machine Dishwashing have only minor importance and mostly only in quantities below from 10% by weight, in most cases even below 5% by weight, for example from 0.01 to 2.5% by weight, in each case based on the agent used.
- the active ingredients / active substance preparations can thus, as a surfactant component and anionic, cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants.
- the Active substances / active substance preparations Surfactant (s), preferably nonionic surfactant (s), in quantities from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.75 to 7.5% by weight, and more preferably from 1.0 to 5 % By weight, based in each case on the total active / active substance preparation.
- Bleaching agents and bleach activators are important constituents of detergents and cleaning agents, and an active substance or an active substance preparation may in the context of the present invention contain one or more substances from the groups mentioned.
- sodium percarbonate has particular significance.
- Further useful bleaching agents are, for example, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and the sodium perborate monohydrate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 O 2 -forming peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
- Sodium percarbonate is a term used in unspecified form for sodium carbonate peroxohydrates, which strictly speaking are not “percarbonates” (ie salts of percarbonic acid) but hydrogen peroxide adducts of sodium carbonate.
- the commercial product has the average composition 2 Na 2 CO 3 ⁇ 3 H 2 O 2 and is therefore no peroxycarbonate.
- Sodium percarbonate forms a white, water-soluble powder with a density of 2.14 gcm -3 , which readily decomposes into sodium carbonate and bleaching or oxidizing oxygen.
- the industrial production of sodium percarbonate is predominantly produced by precipitation from aqueous solution (so-called wet process).
- aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide, Kristallisierysstoff (for example, polyphosphates, polyacrylates) and stabilizers are combined and the sodium percarbonate by salting-out agent (mainly sodium chloride) (for example, Mg 2+ ions) like.
- the precipitated salt which still contains 5 to 12 wt .-% mother liquor is then removed by centrifugation and dried in fluidized bed driers at 90 ° C.
- the bulk density of the finished product may vary between 800 and 1200 g / l, depending on the manufacturing process.
- the percarbonate is stabilized by an additional coating. Coating methods and materials used for coating are widely described in the patent literature. In principle, all commercially available percarbonate types can be used according to the invention, as offered for example by the companies Solvay Interox, Degussa, Kemira or Akzo.
- the active substances or active substance preparations can also bleaches from the group of organic Contain bleach.
- Typical organic bleaches as ingredients in the frame of the present invention the diacyl peroxides, e.g. Dibenzoyl.
- Other typical organic bleaches are the peroxyacids, as examples especially the alkyl peroxyacids and the arylperoxy acids.
- Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy- ⁇ -naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic ones or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ⁇ -phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid [Phthaloiminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, Diperoxysebacic acid, diperoxybrassylic acid, the diperoxyphthalic acids, 2-de
- chlorine or bromine releasing substances be used as a bleaching agent according to the present invention.
- suitable chlorine or bromine releasing materials come for example heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloroamides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, Tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with cations such as potassium and sodium into consideration.
- Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.
- one or more bleaching agents preferably from the group of oxygen or halogen bleaches, in particular the chlorine bleach, with particular preference of sodium percarbonate and / or sodium perborate monohydrate, in amounts of from 0.5 to 40% by weight, preferably from 1 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 2.5 to 25 wt .-% and in particular from 5 to 20 % By weight, in each case based on the total active / active substance preparation (s).
- Bleach activators included.
- bleach activators compounds which are under perhydrolysis conditions aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C-atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid, are used become.
- Suitable substances are the O- and / or N-acyl groups of said C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
- acylated Alkylenediamines in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular Tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or Isononanoyloxybenzolsulfonat (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic acid anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.
- TAED tetraacetylethylene
- bleach catalysts in the detergents become.
- These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or Transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo saline complexes or carbonyl complexes.
- Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru ammine complexes are useful as bleach catalysts.
- active substances or active substance preparations which contain one or more Substances from the group of bleach activators, in particular from groups of multiple acylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), of N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), the acylated phenolsulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS) and n-methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methylsulfate (MMA), in amounts of 0.1 to 20 wt .-%, preferably from 0.5 to 15 wt .-% and in particular from 1 to 10% by weight, in each case based on the total active substance / active substance preparation (s), contain.
- TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
- NOSI N-nonanoylsuccinimide
- the bleach activators preferred in the context of the present invention furthermore include the "nitrile quats", cationic nitriles of the formula (XIII), in which R 1 is -H, -CH 3 , a C 2-24 -alkyl or -alkenyl radical, a substituted C 2-24 -alkyl or -alkenyl radical having at least one substituent from the group -Cl, -Br, - OH, -NH 2 , -CN, an alkyl or alkenylaryl radical having a C 1-24 -alkyl group, or represents a substituted alkyl or alkenylaryl radical having a C 1-24 -alkyl group and at least one further substituent on the aromatic ring, R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from -CH 2 -CN, -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 , -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 3 ,
- the general formula (XIII) includes a variety of cationic nitriles useful in the present invention.
- the detergent tablets according to the invention comprise cationic nitriles in which R 1 represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl or an n-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, n-butyl Tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl or n-octadecyl stands.
- R 2 and R 3 are preferably selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and hydroxyethyl, wherein one or both radicals may advantageously also be a Cyanomethylenrest.
- radicals R 1 to R 3 are identical, for example (CH 3 ) 3 N (+) CH 2 -CN X - , (CH 3 CH 2 ) 3 N (+) CH 2 -CN X -, (CH 3 CH 2 CH 2) 3 N (+) CH 2 -CN X -, (CH 3 CH (CH 3)) 3 N (+) CH 2 -CN X -, or (HO -CH 2 -CH 2 ) 3 N (+) CH 2 -CN X - , where X - is preferably an anion selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, hydrogensulfate, methosulfate, p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate) or xylenesulfonate is selected.
- X - is preferably an anion selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, hydrogensulfate, methosulfate, p-toluene
- preferred active substances or active substance preparations are characterized in that it contains the cationic nitrile of the formula (XIII) in amounts of from 0.1 to 20 Wt .-%, preferably from 0.25 to 15 wt .-% and in particular from 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, respectively based on the total active / active substance preparation.
- hydrolases such as proteases, Esterases, lipases or lipolytic enzymes, amylases, cellulases or others Glykosylhydrolasen and mixtures of the enzymes mentioned in question. All of these hydrolases carry in the laundry to remove stains such as proteinaceous, fatty or starchy stains and graying at. Cellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases may be over it In addition, by removing pilling and microfibrils for color retention and increasing the Softness of the textile contribute. For bleaching or for inhibiting the color transfer can Oxidoreductases are also used.
- subtilisin-type proteases and in particular proteases used from Bacillus lentus.
- enzyme mixtures for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or lipolytic acting Enzymes or protease and cellulase or cellulase and lipase or lipolytic Enzymes or protease, amylase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or Protease, lipase or lipolytic enzymes and cellulase, but especially protease and / or lipase-containing mixtures or mixtures with lipolytic enzymes of special interest. Examples of such lipolytic enzymes are known Cutinases.
- Peroxidases or oxidases have also proved suitable in some cases.
- Amylases include, in particular, alpha-amylases, iso-amylases, pullulanases and pectinases.
- the cellulases used are preferably cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and glucosidases, which are also called cellobiases, or mixtures thereof used. That I distinguish different cellulase types by their CMCase and avicelase activities, By targeted mixtures of cellulases the desired activities can be adjusted.
- the enzymes may be adsorbed to carriers or embedded in encapsulating substances to them to protect against premature decomposition.
- Preferred agents according to the invention contain enzymes preferably in the form of liquid and / or solid enzyme preparations, in amounts of from 0.1 to 10 Wt .-%, preferably from 0.5 to 8 wt .-% and in particular from 1 to 5 wt .-%, respectively based on the total active / active substance preparation (s).
- Dyes the selection of which does not cause any difficulty for the skilled person, have a high level of Shelf life and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the product.
- Preferred for use in the process according to the invention are all colorants which are used in the Washing process can be oxidatively destroyed as well as mixtures thereof with suitable blue Dyes, so-called blue toners. It has proved to be advantageous to use dyes which are in Water or at room temperature in liquid organic substances are soluble.
- anionic colorants e.g. anionic nitrosofarads.
- a possible dye is, for example, naphthol green (Color Index (CI) Part 1: Acid Green 1, Part 2: 10020), which is referred to as Commercial product, for example, as Basacid® Green 970 from BASF, Ludwigshafen, available is, as well as mixtures of these with suitable blue dyes.
- Pigmosol® Blue 6900 (CI 74160), Pigmosol® Green 8730 (Cl 74260), Basonyl® Red 545 FL (CI 45170), Sandolan® Rhodamine EB400 (Cl 45100), Basacid® Yellow 094 (Cl 47005), Sicovit® Patent Blue 85 E 131 (CI 42051), Acid Blue 183 (CAS 12217-22-0, CI Acid Blue 183), Pigment Blue 15 (Cl 74160), Supranol® Blue GLW (CAS 12219-32-8, Cl Acidblue 221)), Nylosan® Yellow N-7GL SGR (CAS 61814-57-1, CI Acidyellow 218) and / or Sandolan® Blue (CI Acid Blue 182, CAS 12219-26-0).
- the colorant When choosing the colorant, it must be taken into account that the colorants do not have too high an affinity for the textile surfaces and, in particular, for synthetic fibers. At the same time, it should also be taken into account when choosing suitable colorants that colorants have different stabilities to the oxidation. In general, water-insoluble colorants are more stable to oxidation than water-soluble colorants. Depending on the solubility and thus also on the sensitivity to oxidation, the concentration of the colorant in the detergents or cleaners varies. In the case of readily water-soluble colorants, for example the abovementioned Basacid® Green or the abovementioned Sandolan® Blue, colorant concentrations in the range from a few 10 -2 to 10 -3 % by weight are typically selected.
- the suitable concentration of the colorant in detergents or cleaners is typically between 10 -3 and 10 -4 % by weight.
- Fragrances are added to the compositions in the context of the present invention in order to enhance the aesthetic Impression of the products to improve and the consumer in addition to the performance of the product a visually and sensory "typical and unmistakable" product available too put.
- fragrance compounds e.g. the synthetic products of the ester type, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, Alcohols and hydrocarbons are used. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g.
- the ethers include Benzyl ethyl ether, to the aldehydes e.g.
- the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms Citral, Citronellal, Citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, Cyclamenaldehyde, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial and Bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g. the ionone, ⁇ -isomethylionone and methyl cedryl ketone, to the alcohols Anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, to the Hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes such as limonene and pinene.
- perfume oils can also be natural fragrance mixtures as available from plant sources, e.g. Pine, Citrus, Jasmine, Patchouly , Rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, Melissa oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, lime blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil, as well as orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.
- Active ingredients or active-product formulations for automatic dishwashing may contain corrosion inhibitors for the protection of the items to be washed or the machine, with silver protectants in particular being of particular importance in the field of automatic dishwashing. It is possible to use the known substances of the prior art. In general, silver protectants selected from the group of triazoles, benzotriazoles, bisbenzotriazoles, aminotriazoles, alkylaminotriazoles and transition metal salts or complexes can be used in particular. Particularly preferred to use are benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole. In addition, cleaner formulations often contain active chlorine-containing agents which can markedly reduce the corrosion of the silver surface.
- chlorine-free cleaners are particularly oxygen and nitrogen-containing organic redox-active compounds, such as di- and trihydric phenols, eg. As hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucinol, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds. Also, salt and complex inorganic compounds, such as salts of the metals Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Co and Ce are often used.
- transition metal salts which are selected from the group of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, more preferably the cobalt (amine) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes , the chlorides of cobalt or manganese and manganese sulfate, as well as the manganese complexes [Me-TACN) Mn IV (m-0) 3 Mn IV (Me-TACN)] 2+ (PF 6 - ) 2 , [Me-MeTACN) Mn IV (m-0) 3 Mn IV (Me-MeTACN)] 2+ (PF 6 - ) 2 .
- Me-TACN Mn III (m-0) (m-0Ac) 2 Mn III (Me-TACN)] 2+ (PF 6 - ) 2
- Me-TACN is 1,4,7-trimethyl-1, 4,7-triazacyclononane
- Me-MeTACN stands for 1,2,4,7-tetramethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane.
- zinc compounds can be used to prevent corrosion on the items to be washed.
- active substances or active substance preparations are preferred, in addition at least one silver protecting agent selected from the group of triazoles, the Benzotriazoles, bisbenzotriazoles, aminotriazoles, alkylaminotriazoles, preferably Benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole, in amounts of 0.001 to 1 wt .-%, preferably from 0.01 to 0.5 wt .-% and in particular from 0.05 to 0.25 wt .-%, each based on the / total active / active substance preparation.
- corrosion inhibitors which is a glass corrosion prevent or reduce it during machine dishwashing.
- particularly preferred means are the magnesium and / or Zinc salt (s) of monomeric and / or polymeric organic acids, in particular the zinc oleate, zinc stearate, zinc gluconate, zinc acetate, zinc lactate and / or zinc citrate.
- water-insoluble Containers comprising at least two receiving wells and at least one in this Receiving trough active and at least one of these receiving troughs occlusive water-insoluble protective film and at least one between this / these water-insoluble Foil (s) and the water-insoluble container water-soluble film for Dosing of active substances, as well as a water-insoluble container, comprising at least two Receiving troughs and at least one active substance located in these receiving troughs, at least one of these receiving wells completely occlusive water-insoluble film and at least one between this water-insoluble film (s) and the water-insoluble one Container located water-soluble film.
- the holding device preferred according to the invention is not necessarily an integral part of the water-insoluble container according to the invention, is a Kit of parts for the dosing of active ingredients, comprising a water-insoluble container according to the invention described above, and a holding device, a further subject of the present application.
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Abstract
Description
- die Zeit, d. h. der Ablauf einer bestimmten Zeit, in der die Wände der formstabilen Hohlkörper und/oder die Kompartimentierungs-Einrichtungen mit einem bestimmten Medium, beispielsweise mit einer wäßrigen Flotte, in Kontakt stehen, wobei eine zuverlässige Zeitsteuerung eine lineare Lösungskinetik voraussetzt;
- die Temperatur, d. h. das Erreichen eines bestimmten Temperaturwertes im Verlauf des Temperaturprofils des Wasch-, Reinigungs- oder Spülvorgangs; die Steuerung über die Temperatur stellt insbesondere bei Geschirrspülmitteln wegen der mit jeder Stufe des Spülvorgangs steigenden Temperatur eine zuverlässige und damit bevorzugte Ausführungsform dar;
- der pH-Wert, d. h. die Einstellung eines bestimmten pH-Wertes im Verlauf eines Wasch-, Reinigungs- oder Spülvorgangs durch Komponenten der waschaktiven, reinigungsaktiven oder spülaktiven Zubereitung oder das Verlassen eines bestimmten pH-Wertes nach Zerfall einer den pH-Wert beeinflussenden oder bestimmenden Komponente;
- die lonenstärke;
- die mechanische Stabilität, welche - in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit, von der Temperatur oder von anderen Parametern - ein die Desintegration bestimmender Faktor sein kann;
- die Permeabilität für eine bestimmte - vornehmlich gasförmige oder flüssige - Komponente; usw..
- Mischungen aus 50 bis 100 % Polyvinylalkohol oder Poly(vinylalkohol - co - vinylacetat) mit Molekulargewichten im Bereich von 10.000 bis 200.000 g/mol und Acetatgehalten von 0 bis 30 Mol-%; diese können Verarbeitungszusätze wie Weichmacher (Glycerin, Sorbit, Wasser, PEG usw.), Gleitmittel (Stearinsäure und andere Mono-, Di- und Tricarbonsäuren), sogenannte "Slipmittel" (z. B. "Aerosil"), organische und anorganische Pigmente, Salze, Blasformmittel (Citronensäure-Natriumbicarbonat-Mischungen) enthalten;
- Acrylsäure-haltige Polymere, wie z.B. Copolymere, Terpolymere oder Tetrapolymere, die mindestens 20 % Acrylsäure enthalten und ein Molekulargewicht von 5.000 bis 500.000 g/mol besitzen; als Comonomere sind besonders bevorzugt Acrylsäureester wie Ethylacrylat, Methylacrylat, Hydroxy-ethylacrylat, Ethylhexylacrylat, Butylacrylat, und Salze der Acrylsäure wie Natriumacrylat, Methacrylsäure und deren Salze und deren Ester wie Methylmethacrylat, Ethylmethacrylat, Trimethylammoniummethylmethacrylatchlorid (TMAEMC), Methacrylat-amidopropyl-trimethylammoniumchlorid (MAPTAC). Weitere Monomere wie Acrylamid, Styrol, Vinylacetat, Maleinsäureanhydrid, Vinylpyrrolidon sind ebenfalls mit Vorteil verwendbar;
- Polyalkylenoxide, bevorzugt Polyethylenoxide mit Molekulargewichten von 600 bis 100.000 g/mol und deren durch Pfropfcopolymerisation mit Monomeren wie Vinylacetat, Acrylsäure und deren Salzen und deren Estern, Methacrylsäure und deren Salzen und deren Estern, Acrylamid, Styrol, Styrolsulfonat und Vinylpyrrolidon modifizierte Derivate (Beispiel: Poly-(ethylenglykol - graft - vinylacetat). Der Polyglykol-Anteil sollte 5 bis 100 Gew.-% betragen, der Pfropfanteil sollte 0 bis 95 Gew.-% betragen; letzterer kann aus einem oder aus mehreren Monomeren bestehen. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein Pfropfanteil von 5 bis 70 Gew.-%; dabei sinkt die Wasserlöslichkeit mit dem Pfropfanteil;
- Polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP) mit einem Molekulargewicht von 2.500 bis 750.000 g/mol;
- Polyacrylamid mit einem Molekulargewicht von 5.000 bis 5.000.000 g/mol;
- Polyethyloxazolin und Polymethyloxazolin mit einem Molekulargewicht von 5.000 bis 100.000 g/mol;
- Polystyrolsulfonate und deren Copolymere mit Comonomeren wie Ethyl-(meth-)acrylat, Methyl-(meth-)acrylat, Hydroxyethyl(meth-)acrylat, Ethylhexyl(meth-)acrylat, Butyl(meth-)acrylat und den Salzen der (Meth-) Acrylsäure wie Natrium-(meth-)acrylat, Acrylamid, Styrol, Vinylacetat, Maleinsäureanhydrid, Vinylpyrrolidon; der Comonomer-Gehalt sollte 0 bis 80 Mol-% betragen, und das Molekulargewicht sollte im Bereich von 5.000 bis 500.000 g/mol liegen;
- Polyurethane, insbesondere die Umsetzungsprodukte von Diisocyanaten (z. B. TMXDI) mit Polyalkylenglykolen, insbesondere Polyethylenglykolen des Molekulargewichts 200 bis 35.000, oder mit anderen difunktionellen Alkoholen zu Produkten mit Molekulargewichten von 2.000 bis 100.000 g/mol;
- Polyester mit Molekulargewichten von 4.000 bis 100.000 g/mol, basierend auf Dicarbonsäuren (z.B. Terephthalsäure, Isophthalsäure, Phthalsäure, Sulfoisophthalsäure, Oxalsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Sulfobernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure, Adipinsäure, Sebacinsäure usw.) und Diolen (z.B. Polyethylenglykole, beispielsweise mit Molekulargewichten von 200 bis 35.000 g/mol);
- Celluloseether/ester, z.B. Celluloseacetate, Cellulosebutyrate, Methylcellulose, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Methylhydroxypropylcellulose usw.;
- Polyvinylmethylether mit Molekulargewichten von 5.000 bis 500.000 g/mol.
- Einsatz einer oder mehrer wasserlöslicher Folien, wobei diese Folien bevorzugt eine temperaturabhängige Löslichkeit aufweisen.
- Einsatz von Beschichtungen, wobei diese Beschichtungen zum einen anstelle einer wasserlöslichen Folie eine Aufnahmemulde abdecken können, zum anderen aber auch in Form von Beschichtungen von in den Aufnahmemulden befindlichen partikulären Mitteln eingesetzt werden können. Die Beschichtungen können sich untereinander in ihrer Löslichkeit unterscheiden.
- Einsatz von schmelzbaren Matrizes, wobei sich diese in ihrem Schmelzpunkt oder Schmelzbereich unterscheiden.
- Kombinationen der vorgenannten Methoden.
[Me-TACN)MnIV(m-0)3MnIV(Me-TACN)]2+(PF6 -)2,
[Me-MeTACN)MnIV(m-0)3MnIV(Me-MeTACN)]2+(PF6 -)2.
[Me-TACN)MnIII(m-0)(m-0Ac)2MnIII(Me-TACN)]2+(PF6 -)2 und
[Me-MeTACN)MnIII(m-0)(m-0Ac)2MnIII(Me-MeTACN)]2+(PF6 -)2, wobei Me-TACN für 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononan und Me-MeTACN für 1,2,4,7-tetramethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononan steht. Ebenfalls können Zinkverbindungen zur Verhinderung der Korrosion am Spülgut eingesetzt werden.
Kit of parts für die Dosierung von Aktivstoffen, umfassend ein vorstehend beschriebenes erfindungsgemäßes, wasserunlösliches Behältnis und eine Haltevorrichtung ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Anmeldung.
Claims (26)
- Verfahren zur Dosierung von Aktivstoffen und/oder Aktivstoffzubereitungen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß von einem wasserunlöslichen Behältnis, umfassend mindestens zwei Aufnahmemulden und mindestens eine(n) in diesen Aufnahmemulden befindlichen Aktivstoff und/oder Aktivstoffzubereitung, wobei jede dieser Aufnahmemulden durch eine einzelne wasserunlösliche Schutzfolie verschlossen ist, mindestens eine dieser wasserunlöslichen Schutzfolien entfernt wird und das Behältnis derart mit Wasser oder wässrigen Lösungen oder Wasser-haltigen Lösungen in Kontakt gebracht wird, daß der/die Aktivstoff(e) und/oder die Aktivstoffzubereitung(en) durch Dispersions- und/oder Lösungsvorgänge in das Wasser oder die wässrigen Lösungen oder Wasser-haltigen Lösungen freigesetzt wird/werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das wasserunlösliche Behältnis drei, vier, fünf, sechs, sieben, acht, neun, zehn, elf, zwölf, dreizehn, vierzehn, fünfzehn, sechzehn, siebzehn, achtzehn, neunzehn, zwanzig, einundzwanzig, zweiundzwanzig, dreiundzwanzig, vierundzwanzig oder mehr Aufnahmemulden umfaßt und jede dieser Aufnahmemulden durch eine einzelne wasserunlösliche Schutzfolie verschlossen ist.
- Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, das das wasserunlösliche Behältnis drei, vier, fünf, sechs, sieben, acht, neun, zehn, elf, zwölf, dreizehn, vierzehn, fünfzehn, sechzehn, siebzehn, achtzehn, neunzehn, zwanzig, einundzwanzig, zweiundzwanzig, dreiundzwanzig, vierundzwanzig oder mehr Aufnahmemulden umfaßt und jeweils zwei, drei, vier oder mehr dieser Aufnahmemulden durch eine einzelne wasserunlösliche Schutzfolie verschlossen sind.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das wasserunlösliche Behältnis vor Entfernen der Schutzfolie im Innern einer Geschirrspülmaschine befestigt und nach Entfernen der Schutzfolie beim Ablauf eines Reinigungsprogramms mit Wasser oder wässrigen Lösungen oder Wasser-haltigen Lösungen in Kontakt gebracht wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Befestigung durch eine Haltevorrichtung im Innern der Vorrichtung oder durch eine an dem wasserunlöslichen Behältnis befindliche Haltevorrichtung erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das wasserunlösliche Behältnis in der Haltevorrichtung relativ zu dieser Haltevorrichtung oder einem Teil dieser Haltevorrichtung zu bewegen ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das wasserunlösliche Behältnis aus wasserunlöslichen Polymeren und/oder Polymergemischen besteht.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das wasserunlösliche Behältnis eine Tiefziehform ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wanddicke des wasserunlöslichen Behältnissen zwischen 5 µm und 2000 µm, vorzugsweise zwischen 10 µm und 1000 µm und insbesondere zwischen 50 µm und 500 µm beträgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wasserunlösliche Schutzfolie aus wasserunlöslichen Polymeren und/oder Polymergemischen besteht.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke der wasserunlöslichen Schutzfolie zwischen 1 µm und 1000 µm, vorzugsweise zwischen 5 µm und 500 µm und insbesondere zwischen 10 µm und 200 µm beträgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mit der wasserunlöslichen Schutzfolie verschlossenen Aufnahmemulden ein Volumen von 1 ml bis 1000 ml, vorzugsweise von 1 ml bis 100 ml und insbesondere von 1 ml bis 50 ml aufweisen.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Quotient der dimensionslosen Öffnungsfläche der Aufnahmemulden und des dimensionslosen Volumens der Aufnahmemulden mindestens 0,1, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 0,2 und insbesondere mindestens 0,4 beträgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der/die Aktivstoff(e)/Aktivstoffzubereitung(en) in fester und/oder gelförmiger und/oder nichtwässriger-flüssiger Form in der Aufnahmemulde vorliegen.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich zwischen der wasserunlöslichen Folie und dem wasserunlöslichen Behältnis eine wasserlösliche Folie befindet, welche nach Entfernen der wasserunlöslichen Schutzfolie die Aufnahmemulde(n) vollständig verschließt, sich jedoch bei Kontakt mit Wasser oder wässrigen Lösungen oder Wasser-haltigen Lösungen auflöst.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich zwischen der wasserunlöslichen Folie und dem wasserunlöslichen Behältnis zwei, drei, vier oder mehr gleiche und/oder unterschiedlichen wasserlösliche Folien befinden, die nach Entfernen der wasserunlöslichen Schutzfolie jeweils eine, zwei, drei oder mehr Aufnahmemulde(n) vollständig verschließen, sich jedoch bei Kontakt mit Wasser oder wässrigen Lösungen oder Wasser-haltigen Lösungen auflösen.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die wasserlöslichen Folien durch ihre Dicke und/oder ihre Zusammensetzung unterscheiden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 17 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke der wasserlöslichen Folie zwischen 1 µm und 1000 µm, vorzugsweise zwischen 5 µm und 500 µm und insbesondere zwischen 10 µm und 200 µm beträgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wasserlösliche und/oder wasserdispergierbare Folie aus (acetalisiertem) Polyvinylakohol, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Polyethylenoxid, Gelatine, Stärke und Stärkederivat(en), Cellulose und Cellulosederivat(en), insbesondere Methylcellulose, und/oder Mischungen dieser Substanzen besteht.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aufnahmemulde mindestens zwei Aktivstoffe und/oder Aktivstoffzubereitungen enthält, deren Freisetzungsgeschwindigkeit durch Dispersions- und/oder Lösungsvorgänge in das Wasser oder die wässrigen Lösungen oder Wasser-haltigen Lösungen sich unterscheidet.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Freisetzungsgeschwindigkeit der Aktivstoffe und/oder der Aktivstoffzubereitungen augrund verschiedener Löslichkeit, verschiedener Schmelztemperatur, verschiedener Beschichtung und/oder verschiedener räumlicher Anordnung dieser Aktivstoffe in der Aufnahmemulde unterscheidet.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der/die Aktivstoff(e) und/oder die Aktivstoffzubereitung(en) aus der Gruppe der Anstrichstoffe, Arzneimittel, Desinfektionsmittel, Düngemittel, Futtermittel, Kosmetika, Lebensmittel, Pflanzenschutzmittel und/oder Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel stammt/stammen.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der/die Aktivstoff(e) und/oder die Aktivstoffzubereitung(en) (eine) wasch- und reinigungsaktive Substanz(en) enthält, die ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe der Builder, Cobuilder, Tenside, Bleichmittel, Bleichaktivatoren, Enzyme, Farbstoffe, Duftstoffe, Elektrolyte, pH-Stellmittel, Parfümträger, Fluoreszenzmittel, Hydrotope, Schauminhibitoren, Silikonöle, Antiredepositionsmittel, optischen Aufheller, Vergrauungsinhibitoren, Einlaufverhinderer, Knitterschutzmittel, Farbübertragungs-inhibitoren, antimikrobiellen Wirkstoffe, Germizide, Fungizide, Antioxidantien, Korrosionsinhibitoren, Antistatika, Bügelhilfsmittel, Phobier- und Imprägniermittel, Quell- und Schiebefestmittel und/oder UV-Absorber
- Verwendung von wasserunlöslichen Behältnissen, umfassend mindestens zwei Aufnahmemulden und mindestens einen in dieser Aufnahmemulde befindlichen Aktivstoff sowie mindestens eine diese Aufnahmemulden verschließende wasserunlösliche Schutzfolie und mindestens eine zwischen dieser/diesen wasserunlöslichen Folie(n) und dem wasserunlöslichen Behältnis befindlichen wasserlöslichen Folie zur Dosierung von Aktivstoffen.
- Wasserunlösliches Behältnis, umfassend mindestens zwei Aufnahmemulden sowie mindestens eine in diesen Aufnahmemulden befindliche Aktivsubstanz, mindestens eine diese Aufnahmemulden vollständig verschließende wasserunlösliche Folie und mindestens eine zwischen dieser/diesen wasserunlöslichen Folie(n) und dem wasserunlöslichen Behältnis befindliche wasserlösliche Folie.
- Kit of parts für die Dosierung von Aktivstoffen, umfassend ein Mittel gemäß Anspruch 26 und eine Haltevorrichtung.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10148571 | 2001-10-01 | ||
| DE10148571A DE10148571B4 (de) | 2001-10-01 | 2001-10-01 | Semiautomatische Dosierung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1298195A1 true EP1298195A1 (de) | 2003-04-02 |
| EP1298195B1 EP1298195B1 (de) | 2005-11-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02021944A Expired - Lifetime EP1298195B1 (de) | 2001-10-01 | 2002-09-30 | Semiautomatische Dosierung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1298195B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE309324T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10148571B4 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2253482T3 (de) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006106332A1 (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-12 | Reckitt Benckiser N.V. | Detergent body |
| US8163686B2 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2012-04-24 | Reckitt Benckiser N.V. | Delivery cartridge |
| GB2501503A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-10-30 | Reckitt & Colman Overseas | A dosing device |
| EP2414498B1 (de) * | 2009-04-01 | 2020-12-09 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Reinigungsmittel |
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| DE102009016313A1 (de) * | 2009-04-06 | 2010-12-02 | Miele & Cie. Kg | Verfahren zur Durchführung eines Spülprogramms in einer Haushaltsgeschirrspülmaschine und Klarspülmittel |
| FR2954159B1 (fr) | 2009-12-22 | 2012-02-10 | Oreal | Agent de coloration et/ou de decoloration des fibres keratiniques comprenant une composition comprenant un agent alcalinisant et une composition anhydre comprenant un oxydant, l'une ou l'autre des compositions pouvant contenir un corps gras |
| FR2954127B1 (fr) | 2009-12-22 | 2015-10-30 | Oreal | Agent de coloration et/ou de decoloration des fibres keratiniques en deux parties, comprenant un corps gras et un agent sequestrant. |
| FR2954121B1 (fr) | 2009-12-22 | 2016-03-25 | Oreal | Agent de coloration et/ou de decoloration des fibres keratiniques en deux parties, comprenant un corps gras particulier et une reductone. |
| FR2954160B1 (fr) | 2009-12-22 | 2012-03-30 | Oreal | Composition de coloration ou d'eclaircissement comprenant un corps gras et un polymere amphotere |
| DE102014210624A1 (de) | 2014-06-04 | 2015-12-17 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Haushaltsgerät mit einem Laugenbehälter |
| IT202100002051A1 (it) * | 2021-02-01 | 2022-08-01 | Deco Ind S Coop P A | Prodotto per il trattamento di un elettrodomestico configurato per il lavaggio |
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| US2514887A (en) * | 1946-11-05 | 1950-07-11 | Edwards Councilor Company | Cleaning agent dispenser |
| EP0218964A2 (de) * | 1985-10-05 | 1987-04-22 | Roth GmbH, Bad Ems | Behältersatz zur Aufnahme unterschiedlicher Reinigungstabletten |
| EP0553058A1 (de) * | 1992-01-21 | 1993-07-28 | Miele & Cie. GmbH & Co. | Geschirrspülmaschine oder Waschmaschine mit einer Dosiervorrichtung |
| DE19540608A1 (de) * | 1995-10-31 | 1997-05-07 | Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete | Vorrichtung zur Reinigerzugabe für Geschirrspülmaschinen |
| DE29811241U1 (de) * | 1998-06-24 | 1998-09-17 | Kaut, Andreas, 54516 Wittlich | Waschmittelvorratsbehälter |
| GB2351062A (en) * | 2000-06-14 | 2000-12-20 | Dalmian Frank Rapson | Sealable multi-compartment container |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3112515A1 (de) * | 1981-03-30 | 1982-12-02 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | "verfahren zum eindosieren eines zusatzmittels in eine fluessigkeit und vorrichtung zum durchfuehren des verfahrens" |
-
2001
- 2001-10-01 DE DE10148571A patent/DE10148571B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-09-30 AT AT02021944T patent/ATE309324T1/de active
- 2002-09-30 DE DE50204840T patent/DE50204840D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-30 EP EP02021944A patent/EP1298195B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-30 ES ES02021944T patent/ES2253482T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2514887A (en) * | 1946-11-05 | 1950-07-11 | Edwards Councilor Company | Cleaning agent dispenser |
| EP0218964A2 (de) * | 1985-10-05 | 1987-04-22 | Roth GmbH, Bad Ems | Behältersatz zur Aufnahme unterschiedlicher Reinigungstabletten |
| EP0553058A1 (de) * | 1992-01-21 | 1993-07-28 | Miele & Cie. GmbH & Co. | Geschirrspülmaschine oder Waschmaschine mit einer Dosiervorrichtung |
| DE19540608A1 (de) * | 1995-10-31 | 1997-05-07 | Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete | Vorrichtung zur Reinigerzugabe für Geschirrspülmaschinen |
| DE29811241U1 (de) * | 1998-06-24 | 1998-09-17 | Kaut, Andreas, 54516 Wittlich | Waschmittelvorratsbehälter |
| GB2351062A (en) * | 2000-06-14 | 2000-12-20 | Dalmian Frank Rapson | Sealable multi-compartment container |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006106332A1 (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-12 | Reckitt Benckiser N.V. | Detergent body |
| US8163686B2 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2012-04-24 | Reckitt Benckiser N.V. | Delivery cartridge |
| EP2414498B1 (de) * | 2009-04-01 | 2020-12-09 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Reinigungsmittel |
| GB2501503A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2013-10-30 | Reckitt & Colman Overseas | A dosing device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE309324T1 (de) | 2005-11-15 |
| DE50204840D1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
| EP1298195B1 (de) | 2005-11-09 |
| DE10148571B4 (de) | 2004-01-15 |
| DE10148571A1 (de) | 2003-04-24 |
| ES2253482T3 (es) | 2006-06-01 |
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