EP1268164B1 - Component consisting of a fibre-reinforced synthetic material and a method for producing same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is directed to components of fiber-reinforced plastics which can also be used as load-bearing components in mechanical and automotive engineering. A construction for such components is created that can be used flexibly and enables a defined design of the components. A method is created for this purpose that makes it possible to design and produce such load-bearing components to specific requirements. The method can be automatable and can make highly replicable results possible. The components thus produced of a fiber-reinforced plastic can have low weight with high strength properties and can be economical to produce.

Description

The invention relates to a component made of fiber-reinforced plastic according to the preamble of Claim 1. The invention further relates to a method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic wound component, such as a carrier or a rim.

Fiber-reinforced plastics are increasingly used in the manufacture of components in Lightweight construction. By advances in material development in the field of plastics and The fiber materials and the low weight of the components are especially important in vehicle construction for the production of body parts, in the construction of rail vehicles for passenger cells, but also used in aircraft construction. Depending on the type of component used to manufacture the Components laminating techniques, injection processes (resin transfer molding) or fiber winding processes used.

The fiber winding process is one of the first manufacturing processes for the processing of Composites were developed. The advantage of the method is that the fibers in one continuous process can be wound on a mandrel. The fibers are often in the impregnated with a resin and wet impregnated in the same operation. The fiber winding process is characterized by a high laminate quality and a high accuracy in the fiber resin content and in fiber orientation with a high degree of automation and high economic efficiency out. In addition to the manufacture of smaller special components, such as cover caps for rotors and the like, the fiber winding process also comes for the production of cover layers used, for example, in the case of passenger compartments around a large rectangular hollow core is wound from rigid foam.

For the production of load-bearing components, for example beams in machine and vehicle construction, despite the well-known advantages of composites, they are still mainly conventional Materials such as steel, aluminum or titanium for use. These are poured in Forms pressed or machined from solid. Such components are also made Thermoplastics known, but also either cast or pressed into molds.

The known materials for the production of load-bearing components all have either heavy weight or they are complex and expensive to manufacture and process. The Use of plastic composite materials in the manufacture of lightweight vehicles has so far not led to the desired results. Especially when it comes to crash behavior known plastic designs only insufficient results, which is why they generally by comparatively heavy metal structures for the crash-relevant, load-bearing components added become.

The object of the present invention is to remedy these disadvantages of the prior art. Components are to be created from fiber-reinforced plastics, in particular as load-bearing components can be used in mechanical engineering and vehicle construction. It's supposed to be a construction be created for such components, which can be used flexibly and a defined design of the components. For this purpose, a process is to be created that enables such to design and manufacture load-bearing components in accordance with the specific requirements. The procedure should be automatable and enable reproducible results to a high degree. The components made in this way from a fiber-reinforced plastic are said to have high strength properties have a low weight and be inexpensive to manufacture.

The solution to these tasks consists in a component made of fiber-reinforced plastic with the im characterizing section of claim 1. Advantageous further training and / or variants of the invention are the subject of the dependent device claims. The method according to the invention is characterized in particular by that in the characterizing section of the independent procedural claim. Advantageous further training and / or variants of the procedure are the subject of the dependent claims.

In the case of a component made of fiber-reinforced plastic, a semi-finished fiber product impregnated with synthetic resin is preferably in several layers, with preferably directed fibers around one Winding core wound. The component is designed as a load-bearing element and includes wound Outer belt parts, which are connected to each other by a half-timbered intermediate structure are. The cavities between the outer belt parts and the intermediate structure are at least Filled with a filling material.

Due to the inventive design of the load-bearing component, it can be designed relatively easily. In contrast to previous, cast or pressed components, the truss-like support structure gives the possibility to calculate the load-bearing behavior. In the In practice, the reverse process takes place by an expected or predetermined load based on the required structure, the winding course and the winding density becomes. The truss-like component is then produced as a function of the determined one Values through the well-known fiber winding process, the voids between the Outer belt parts and the intermediate structure are at least partially filled with a filler filled. The filling material supports the sections of the lattice-like intermediate structure that are subjected to pressure and prevents an uncontrolled buckling of the same when the Load for which they are designed.

The load-bearing components produced in this way have, for example, opposite beams Steel have a decisive weight advantage and are always compared to aluminum supports even easier by a factor of 1.5 - 2. The wound from preferably directed semi-finished fiber Beam has a tensile strength 1.5 - 2 times higher than a high-strength steel beam. When the component is used as a carrier in a vehicle chassis, the filling material in the cavities of the component in the event of a crash as an energy absorber. As filling materials come physically or chemically foamed plastics, which meet the requirements Have temperature resistance and / or are flame retardant. Alternatively or a metal or ceramic foam can also be used in combination with the plastic foams Filling material can be used.

The components wound from fiber-reinforced plastic have the advantage of being suitable for all weather conditions and can therefore be used all year round without restrictions. To the Ensure use in extremely adverse environmental influences of physical or chemical origin, the wound support structure can be overmolded conventionally. This allows you to Easiest way to combine surface protection and A class surface quality. The temperature resistance the plastic used can be designed according to the area of application. For economic For reasons, a temperature resistance of up to about 180 ° C seems sufficient. The inventive load-bearing components are suitable, for example, for use as supports or stiffening elements in lightweight vehicles, for example in the category up to approx. 800 kg. In this category, collision partners are in a phase ratio of about 1: 2 to expected about 1: 3. Such vehicles are mainly in the vicinity and therefore exposed to an increased risk of crash. The from the use of the inventive load-bearing components as chassis components achievable weight saving proves in particular in the specified area of application as energetically particularly favorable. The inventive load-bearing components are not only limited to the specified purpose. Your relative simple construction and the design of their strength properties also allows use as a carrier for trucks or in general for transport vehicles without further restrictions to. The load-bearing components made of fiber-reinforced plastic are also from environmental aspects advantageous. After the life of a vehicle, for example, simply processed into granules, which can then be used in other applications, for example can be used as a filler. Their disposal is also relatively easy, that the entire construction contains no environmentally hazardous substances.

To improve the load-bearing capacity of the component, it is additionally compressed. this happens for example, in the case of wound components that are filled with foamable filling material during the drying and foaming of the filling material within a closed Shape. For example, the winding core is heated for this purpose. This triggers the foaming reaction which in the closed form can generate a relatively large pressure, which causes it to the compression of the component comes.

In an advantageous variant of the invention, the outer belt parts and the truss-like intermediate structure are integrally wound from a quasi-endless semi-finished fiber. While it is principally it is possible to wind the outer belt parts and the intermediate structure separately and afterwards Putting them together, for example gluing them together, is for manufacturing reasons an integral production of the elements in one work step is an advantage. It will practically endless fiber semifinished product on the winding core according to a predetermined sequence wound. In this way, the outer belt parts and the intermediate structure in the manufactured in the same operation. Subsequent joining of the elements is not necessary since they are integral are manufactured together and are practically available as a single component. The integral manufacture has a significant influence on the rigidity of the component.

The method used for the production of the component according to the invention is a fiber winding method, in particular a fiber winding process. It proves to be firm of the component is advantageous if the semi-finished fiber as a synthetic resin impregnated roving of about 1.5 mm to about 4 mm, preferably about 2.5 mm, thickness is present.

The semi-finished fiber does not necessarily have to contain only one type of fiber. For strength reasons it can be advantageous if the semi-finished fiber is a combination of different types Fiber structures, for example carbon, aramid or glass fibers, preferably with the same type aligned fiber arrangement.

The resin matrix of the fiber-reinforced plastic can be thermosetting or thermoplastic Base based. The decision about this depends on qualitative and quantitative requirements to the component.

The winding core for the production of the structural component according to the invention comprises a number of winding spools that are detachably mounted on a winding plate for the winding process. The Winding spools can be in the form of lost parts or even after the wound winding has been completed Removable component and be reusable for the production of other components.

It proves to be advantageous if some of the winding coils are lost parts, in particular as Inserts are formed. The inserts are provided with connection devices, for example with threaded holes, equipped for connecting additional components.

For the strength of the component wound from a fiber-reinforced plastic, it is advantageous if the synthetic resin-impregnated fiber semi-finished product is unidirectional for as long as possible before it is deflected is led. In the component according to the invention, the windings are impregnated with synthetic resin Semi-finished fiber therefore always has at least in the framework-like intermediate structure led two adjacent winding coils before changing its winding direction.

Different types of winding are known for the fiber winding process. For example, there is the cross winding process, in which the fiber rovings are each crossed on a winding core be wrapped. In polar winding technology, the rovings are each over the poles of a winding core wound. These techniques are used in particular in connection with losing cores Application. For the strength of the structural component according to the invention made of fiber-reinforced Plastic proves to be of advantage if the synthetic resin-impregnated fiber semi-finished product essentially parallel webs are present side by side and / or wound one above the other.

The outer belt parts and the intermediate structure are usually not wound homogeneously. Much more the component designed according to the invention offers the possibility of individual areas of the Outer belt parts and the lattice-like intermediate structure depending on requirements with a different Number of windings to be provided. In this way, the load-bearing component can be specific requirements will be strengthened accordingly in individual areas while other sections of the component are provided with targeted weakenings. The structure the framework can be symmetrical as well as asymmetrical. In case of use As a carrier in a vehicle chassis, crumplings and crates can be calculated very precisely in this way Compression zones can be created.

In the case of a carrier component, the outer belt parts each comprise a wound upper belt and one coiled lower chord, which through the integral, half-timbered intermediate structure with each other are connected. This relatively simple, truss-like design of the support allows good predictability of its properties.

In a variant of the carrier, which is also transverse to the longitudinal extension of the upper and lower chord has increased strength, the upper and lower chords are connected by two coiled side straps connected. In addition to their stiffening function, the side straps also form a cover for the intermediate structure. This prevents foreign bodies from entering the intermediate structure and may also be desirable for aesthetic reasons. For manufacturing reasons and because of the better integration of the side straps into the overall structure, the side straps are included Advantage wrapped integrally with the top and bottom straps and the intermediate structure. To this Formed in this way, the entire load-bearing component is present as an integral individual body.

In a variant of the invention, the outer belt parts are arranged in a circle and form an inside essentially annular outer surface. For example, the wound component is a rim. The Composite rim has a sufficiently high strength. It is much lighter than comparable ones Rims of conventional steel construction. Even compared to aluminum rims, the Composite rim weight advantages. The circular arrangement of the outer belt parts through a half-timbered intermediate structure is connected to each other, also allows the production other rotationally symmetrical components, for example gripper wheels, used for manufacturing of tapes, belts and the like are used.

Depending on the application, the component can be designed to be largely closed Outer skin to be provided, the penetration and deposition of contaminants prevented inside the component.

In the method according to the invention for producing a component from a synthetic resin impregnated Semi-finished fiber is the semi-finished fiber in a winding process, preferably straightened, wound on a winding core and then cured and dried. The process draws is characterized in particular by the fact that in the winding of the semi-finished fiber an arrangement of Winding spools created a number of outer belt parts and integrally with a winding technology truss-like intermediate structure can be wound. In the method according to the invention the upper and lower chord and the truss-like intermediate structure of the wound component integrally, in the same operation from a quasi-infinite semi-finished fiber wound. As a result, the outer belt parts lie the intermediate structure connecting them as a single element in front. The voids between the outer belt parts and the intermediate structure are at least partially filled with a filling material. The constructive design and the filling The cavities increase the overall strength of the component and facilitate the manufacturing process. Due to the integral winding process, the component is very simple, according to the requirements, can be laid out and wound. The filling material supports the sections of the truss-like sections that are subjected to pressure Intermediate structure and prevents an uncontrolled buckling of the same when exceeded the load for which they are designed.

When using the component as a carrier in vehicle construction, the filling material can include the energy intake favor in the event of a crash and an uncontrolled buckling of those under pressure Prevent branches of the truss-like intermediate structure. As a filler, for example we chose a technical plastic foam that is physically or chemically foamable. alternative in addition or in addition, a metal or ceramic foam can also be used as a filling material in the Spaces are introduced.

• das quasi-endlose kunstharzimprägnierte Faserhalbzeug wird über Wickelspulen gewickelt, die für die Zwecke des Wickelvorgangs lösbar auf einer Wickelplatte befestigt werden;
• das gewickelte Bauteil wird in einer rahmenartigen Schliessform angeordnet, die sich auf der Wickelplatte abstützt und das Bauteil an den Längs- und Querseiten umschliesst;
• die Schliessform wird mit einem Deckel verschlossen, der mit verschliessbaren Einfüllöffnungen für das Füllmaterial, insbesondere einen physikalisch oder chemisch schäumbaren, technischen Schaum und/oder einen Metall oder Keramikschaum, versehen ist, um die in dem Bauteil verbleibenden Zwischenräume bei Bedarf wenigstens bereichsweise zu verfüllen;
• das gewickelte Bauteil wird beispielsweise durch Erhitzen des Wickelkerns derart erhitzt, dass das Füllmaterial expandiert, wobei das Bauteil verdichtet wird;
• das gewickelte Bauteil wird entfonnt wobei es vor oder gegebenenfalls nach der Entformung in einer Tempereinrichtung getempert wird.
  Durch die Verdichtung des Bauteils bei der geschilderten Verfahrensführung wird dieses hinsichtlich der Stöchiometrie optimiert, und seine Festigkeit wird noch zusätzlich erhöht.

An expedient process variant for the production of components from fiber-reinforced plastic, the strength of which is further improved, comprises in particular the following process steps:

• the quasi-endless resin-impregnated fiber semi-finished product is wound over winding spools, which are detachably fastened to a winding plate for the purposes of the winding process;
• the wound component is arranged in a frame-like closing shape, which is supported on the winding plate and encloses the component on the long and short sides;
• the closing mold is closed with a lid which is provided with closable filling openings for the filling material, in particular a physically or chemically foamable technical foam and / or a metal or ceramic foam, in order to fill the gaps remaining in the component at least in certain areas, if necessary;
• the wound component is heated, for example, by heating the winding core in such a way that the filling material expands, the component being compressed;
• the wound component is removed, and is annealed in a tempering device before or, if necessary, after removal from the mold.
  By compressing the component in the process described, it is optimized in terms of stoichiometry, and its strength is further increased.

The method according to the invention for producing fiber-reinforced components makes it possible to the number of windings created one above the other and / or next to one another and the course of the windings over the coils arranged side by side and one behind the other depending on the to select the forces to be absorbed by the wound component. This allows the component to be specific be designed for the planned load. The structural design of the component according to the type of truss enables a relatively simple calculation of the component and the specific one Interpretation.

The winding coils can be removed from the component after the winding process in order for them continue to use the manufacture of additional components. It is also possible to provide individual winding coils, which were designed as inserts and with connection devices, for example threaded holes, were equipped for the attachment of further connection components, such as in the integrated component that they form an integral part of the component.

This ensures the excellent strength of the semi-finished fiber in the component in the longitudinal direction of the fibers comes into its own, the semifinished fiber product becomes during the winding process in the framework-like Intermediate structure in each case via at least two winding coils arranged next to one another of the winding core before the longitudinal alignment of the fibers by changing the Winding direction is changed.

A parallel winding process has proven to be advantageous for the strength of the load-bearing component which the semifinished fiber product in essentially parallel windings over the individual winding coils is wound. Crossings of the windings come on the winding spools practically only with superimposed winding layers.

The method according to the invention can be carried out manually, semi-automatically or fully automatically become. The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for CNC path-controlled Winding machines, which offer the possibility of changing the fiber layer, the winding pattern, the thread tension, the stoichiometric ratio of fibers to the resin matrix, etc. microprocessor controlled to control and regulate. In connection with a programmable machine computer the determined load values can be directly converted into design data and be used for the control and regulation of the winding machine.

In the process according to the invention, carbonized natural fibers are advantageously used as semi-finished products made of flax, hemp or Chinese reed or carbon, aramid and / or e-glass rovings Application that is done beforehand or just before the winding process in an impregnation device with a thermosetting or thermoplastic matrix of a two-component resin be soaked. The thickness of the impregnated roving is preferably about 1.5 mm to about 4 mm about 2.5 mm.

The field of application of the wound, load-bearing components according to the invention extends from use in vehicle construction to mechanical engineering applications, civil engineering to to space applications. Applications can be found wherever lightweight construction is required or is desired. Vehicle construction is highlighted as a special area of application, where the construction of the components according to the invention and the manufacturing process simple design of the components for use as crash elements in chassis construction. in the In the case of beams, the component is wrapped with a top and a bottom flange manufactured by an integrally wound, truss-like intermediate structure connected to a unit. In an alternative embodiment, one is used for winding Number of outer belt parts made, which are arranged in a circle. They switch on Circumference with large winding spools. The semi-finished fiber-impregnated resin is thereby before and after winding an outer belt part each over a large winding spool. The semi-finished fiber is between the winding over two large winding coils arranged on the circumference each led through a section of the truss-like intermediate structure.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Prinzipdarstellung des Wickelverfahrens;

Fig. 2

eine schematische Darstellung der Komponenten einer Wickelanlage;

Fig. 3

einen Grundaufbau eines Beispiels eines Wickelbauteils mit angedeutetem Wicklungsverlauf;

Fig. 4

eine teilweise auseinandergezogene Darstellung eines Wickelbauteils mit für die Durchführung des Herstellungsverfahrens benötigten Elementen;

Fig. 5

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines entformten Bauteils; und

Fig. 6

ein Ausführungsbeispiel für ein rotationssymmetrisches Wickelbauteil mit angedeutetem Wicklungsverlauf.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. In a representation that is not to scale,

Fig. 1

a schematic diagram of the winding process;

Fig. 2

a schematic representation of the components of a winding system;

Fig. 3

a basic structure of an example of a winding component with indicated winding course;

Fig. 4

a partially exploded view of a winding component with elements required for performing the manufacturing process;

Fig. 5

an embodiment of a demolded component; and

Fig. 6

an embodiment for a rotationally symmetrical winding component with indicated winding course.

Fig. 1 shows schematically a process known as bulk fiber winding method, which is preferably for Production of the components according to the invention from fiber-reinforced plastic is used. In this case, a semi-finished fiber P held by a tensioning unit 2 is pretensioned by one Supply spool 1 is removed and passed through an impregnation unit 3. The impregnation unit 3 can as a dip impregnation device or, as shown for example, as a roller impregnation device be trained. The various forms of impregnation units are sufficient for the person skilled in the art known, so that a further explanation can be omitted. That in the impregnation unit 3 Semi-finished fiber P impregnated with a synthetic resin system is then by means of a guide unit 4, which is connected to a computer-controlled winding machine, on a with the guide unit 4 synchronized rotating winding core 5 stored. Then the Dried bobbin. The semi-finished fiber includes, for example, directional carbon, aramid or glass fibers as individual fibers or, as required, in any combination with each other and is a roving with a thickness of about 1.5 mm to about 4 mm, preferably 2.5 mm, before. Carbonized natural fibers from flax, hemp or Chinese reed can also be used become. The synthetic resin is advantageously a thermoplastic or thermosetting two-component resin,

2 shows an example of a winding system 10, in particular a computer-controlled CNC winding system. This comprises a winding machine 11, a machine controller 12 and one Machine computer 13. The interaction of the individual system components is with each other illustrated by the double arrows 14 and 15. The machine computer 13 is used for real-time control of the machine and for real-time management of the control data in control mode. He allows programming, management and graphical representation of the control data in program mode. In addition, the control data, for example the Optimize the speed of the winding core. The machine controller 12 of the winding system 10 is responsible for regulation, control and communication. For the regulation of the winding process, in particular of the winding path axes, the temporal actual value curve of the axis positions continuously adapted to a pre-programmed or previously calculated setpoint curve. The Machine control also controls other relevant process parameters, for example the thread tension of the semi-finished fiber. The communication function enables one Data exchange between the winding machine 11 and the machine computer 13. The winding machine 10 is preferred as a rotary winding machine with an axis of rotation for the winding head, a slide adjustable in the plane and an infeed axis. The elements of the Winding machine have the required number of degrees of freedom of movement, thus components of the desired type can be wound. For the production of somewhat more complex components are preferred six degrees of freedom are provided.

3 shows an initial situation for the production of a component according to the invention. there is a number of winding coils, numbered 21-30, next to and below mounted one behind the other on a winding plate 20. The winding plate 20 forms a component of the winding core 5 (Fig. 1). The winding spools 21-30 can be made of metal or plastic his. The impregnated semi-finished fiber P drawn off as roving from the supply reel becomes deposited on the winding spools 21-30 according to a predetermined winding plan. The winding plan depends on the control data stored in the machine computer, which is preferably dependent was determined from the expected load on the component to be manufactured. On Such a winding plan can, for example, by specifying the one to be started Winding spools are set. For example, such a winding plan could do the following Show course: S; 21; 23; 26; 28; 29; 30; 29; 30; 28; 25; 23; 22; 21; 22; 21; 24; 26; 27; 29; 30; 27; 25; 24; 22; 21; 23; 25; 27; 29; 30; 28; 26; 24; 22; 21; etc.; E. S denote the beginning of the stored roving P, the reference symbols the winding coils which follow one another in the winding direction and E the end of the roving P. The winding plan given serves only to explain the Winding process and therefore does not represent a mandatory scheme. Rather, it depends on the one to be created Component geometry to define a new winding plan. It should be borne in mind that The roving is guided for as long as possible before being loaded the winding direction and thus the direction of the fibers is changed.

Fig. 4 shows the apparatus structure for a further advantageous process step in the manufacture of a load-bearing component made of fiber-reinforced plastic according to the invention. That done The wound component is provided with the reference symbol 40 as a whole. In the illustration it is indicated that some of the winding coils 21-30 can be designed as lost parts. These remain in the wound component and form an integral part. For example, they can be designed as inserts 21, 22, 29, 30, with threaded bores 35 for connecting further Components on the component 40 are equipped. The remaining winding spools 23 - 28 can be from Component 40 can be removed in order to use them further for the production of further wound components. The finished wound component 40 is still arranged on the winding plate 20 in FIG. 4. For the next step, it is surrounded by a frame-like closing shape 31, whose inner contour is matched to the shape of the component. The closing form 31 is supported on the winding plate 20 and can be closed by a cover 32. The lid is with holes and closable filler openings 33 through which a filler material into the wound component 40 remaining cavities can be filled. Preferred is the filler a physically or chemically foamable engineering plastic or a metal or ceramic foam used. Due to the expansion of the filling material while the component is drying 40 in the closed closing form 31, the windings are compressed. Thereby the strength of the wound component 40 is increased still further. After compression, it will Component 40 annealed in the closing mold or after it has been removed from the mold.

5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a completely wound and demolded component 40 Component comprises an upper chord 41 and a lower chord 42, which are constructed by a framework Intermediate structure 43 are integrally connected to one another. It has on its longitudinal ends Component 40 each have a side belt 44, 45 which is also integral with the upper and lower belts 41, 42 and the truss-like intermediate structure 43 is wound. Integrated in the side straps 44, 45 are the inserts 21, 22 and 29, 30, each with threaded holes 35 for connecting further Structural elements are equipped. That is the spaces between the upper and lower chords 42, 42 and the intermediate structure 43 filling, foamed filler is with the reference numeral 46 provided. For the purpose of illustration, the foamed packing elements 46 are of different widths shown inserted. The wall thicknesses of the upper and lower chords 41, 42, the side chords 44, 45 and the truss-like intermediate structure 43 can, depending on the expected load on the Component, according to the calculated design to be different in some areas. This can be achieved by a different winding density. As a result, the component can fiber-reinforced plastic can be tailored with regard to its later use. For example weakened areas can be built in in order to use the component to realize a crumple zone in a vehicle chassis. As a cover against dirt The component 40 can also have an outer skin, for example a sprayed-on one Be plastic skin. To be used in extremely adverse physical environmental conditions or to ensure chemical origin, the wound support structure can be overmolded conventionally become. This allows surface protection and A class surface quality in the simplest way combine.

The winding component indicated in FIG. 6 is essentially rotationally symmetrical and bears the reference number 50 in its entirety. The illustration shows a ring-shaped arrangement Profile in which large winding spools 57-61 arranged on the circumference with outer belt parts 62-66 alternate. The outer belt parts 62-66 are preferably curved in the manner of a segment of a circle Outside molded parts wrapped. The truss-like intermediate structure has winding coils 51-56. The winding sequence can, for example, have the following course: from the one in the center Winding spool 51 becomes the semi-finished fiber P, for example an impregnated fabric tape, to the winding spool 52 and from there to the large winding spool 57 located on the circumference. The large winding spool 57 is preferably wrapped before the fabric tape P to the segment of a circle curved outer molded part to form the outer belt part 62 is passed this is wound and passed to the next large winding spool 61. Following the big one Winding reel 61, the fabric tape P is again guided into the framework-like intermediate structure, where it is first unidirectionally over the winding coils 56 and 51 before its Winding direction is changed in the direction of the winding spool 54. Arrived from the winding spool 54 the fabric tape P to large winding spool 59 arranged on the circumference. This is preferred at least once rounds before the fabric tape P on the outer molded part for the outer belt part 64 is directed. Following the outer belt part 64, the belt P is around the adjacent large winding spool 58 out before it again to the winding spools in the framework Intermediate structure is passed, etc. This ensures that the fabric tape always led alternately over a section of the circumference and the intermediate structure becomes. On the circumference, the fabric tape P is always over two large winding spools and one in between arranged outer belt part guided. In the intermediate structure, the fabric tape is always first passed over two adjacent winding coils before changing its winding direction. Summarized For example, this results in the following winding sequence: 51-52-57 62-61-56-51-54-59-64-58.53-51-56-61-63-60-55-51-53-58-66 -57-52-51-55-60-64-59-54-51-etc. As a fabric tape In addition to rovings with directional fibers, woven, braided, knitted fabrics are also available or in another way cross-linked threads, but also tangled conveyor belts for use.

Claims (29)

1. A component of fiber-reinforced plastic, in which a synthetic-resin-impregnated semi-finished fiber product (P) is wound, preferably in multiple layers, with preferably directional fibers about a winding core (5), characterized in that the component (40; 50) is embodied as a load-bearing element and includes wound outer belt elements, which are joined to one another via an intermediate structure wound in trelliswork-like fashion, the voids between the outer belt elements (41, 42) and the intermediate structure (43) being filled at least in some regions with a filler material (46).
2. The component of claim 1, characterized in that the filler material (46) is a physically or chemically foamable plastic or a metal or ceramic foam.
3. The component of claim 2, characterized in that the wound component (40), filled with a foamable filler material, is compacted.
4. The component of one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the outer belt elements (41, 42) and the trelliswork-like intermediate structure (43) are wound integrally from a quasi-endless semi-finished fiber product (P).
5. The component of one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the semi-finished fiber product (P) includes a synthetic-resin-impregnated roving approximately 1.5 mm to approximately 4 mm and preferably approximately 2.5 mm thick.
6. The component of one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the semi-finished fiber product (P) includes a combination of different kinds of fiber structures, with preferably identically oriented fibers.
7. The component of one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the synthetic resin used for the impregnation is pressure-setting or thermoplastic.
8. The component of one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the winding core (5) includes a number of winding spools (21, 30), which for the winding process are mounted detachably on a winding plate (20).
9. The component of claim 8, characterized in that individual ones of the winding spools (21, 22, 29, 30) are embodied as inserts with connection devices (35), for instance threaded bores, for further connection components.
10. The component of claim 8 or 6, characterized in that the plastic-impregnated semi-finished fiber product (P), in the region of the trellis work-like intermediate structure, is guided over at least two adjacent winding spools before it changes its winding direction.
11. The component of one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the synthetic-resin-impregnated semi- finished fiber product (P) is in the form of essentially parallel-extending strips wound side by side and/or one over the other.
12. The component of one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that regions of the outer belt elements (41, 42) and of the trelliswork-like intermediate structure (43) have a requirement-specific different number of windings.
13. The component of one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the outer belt elements include a wound upper and lower belt (41, 42), which are joined to one another by the trelliswork-like intermediate structure (43).
14. The component of claim 13, characterized in that the upper and lower belt (41, 42) are joined to one another by two wound side belts (44, 45).
15. The component of claim 14, characterized in that the side belts (44, 45) are wound integrally with the upper and lower belt (41, 42) and the intermediate structure (43).
16. The component of one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the outer belt elements (62, 66) are disposed in circular form and form a substantially annular outer surface of a substantially rotationally symmetrical object (50).
17. The component of one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that it is provided with an outer skin embodied in substantially closed fashion.
18. A method for producing a component (40) from a synthetic-resin-impregnated semi-finished fiber product (P), in which the semi-finished fiber product (P) is wound, preferably in oriented fashion, in a winding process onto a winding core (5) and then hardened and dried, characterized in that the semi-finished fiber product (P) is wound around an arrangement of winding spools (21, 30), and outer belt elements are made and wound integrally in terms of winding technique with an intermediate structure (43) embodied in trelliswork-like fashion, and the voids between the outer belt elements (41, 42) and the intermediate structure (43) are filled at least in some regions with a filler material (46).
19. The method of claim 18, characterized in that the interstices between the outer belt elements (41, 42) and the intermediate structure (43) are filled at least in some regions with a filler material (46), preferably being foamed with a technical plastic foam or a metal or ceramic foam.
20. The method of claim 19, characterized in that the synthetic-resin-impregnated semi-finished fiber product (P) is wound over winding spools (21-30), which for the purposes of the winding operation are secured detachably to a winding plate (20); that the wound component (40) is disposed in a framelike closing form (31) which is braced on the winding plate (20) and encloses the component (40); that the closing form (31) is closed with a cap (32), and the cap (32) is provided with closable fill openings (33) for the filler material (46), in particular a physically or chemically foamable technical foam, in order at least in some regions, as needed, to fill the interstices remaining in the component (40); that the wound component (40) is heated, for instance by heating the winding core, in such a way that the filler material expands, and the component is compacted before being unmolded; and that the wound component (40) is tempered in a tempering device before or optionally after the unmolding.
21. The method of one of claims 18-20, characterized in that the number of windings made one over the other and/or side by side and the course of the windings along the winding spools (21-30) disposed side by side and one after the other is selected as a function of the forces to be absorbed by the wound component (40).
22. The method of one of claims 18-21, characterized in that individual ones of the winding spools (21, 22, 29, 30) are selected as inserts, which are equipped with connection devices (35), such as threaded bores, for securing further connection components.
23. The method of claims 20-22, characterized in that the semi-finished fiber product (P) in the trelliswork-like intermediate structure is guided in each case over at least two winding spools, disposed side by side, of the winding core, before the longitudinal orientation of the fibers is changed by changing the winding direction.
24. The method of one of claims 20-23, characterized in that the semi-finished fiber product (P) is wound in essentially parallel-extending windings over a winding spool.
25. The method of one of claims 18-24, characterized in that the winding process is performed in automated fashion.
26. The method of one of claims 18-25, characterized in that as the semi-finished fiber product, carbonized natural fibers of flax, hemp or Chinese reed or carbon, aramide and/or elastic glass rovings, saturated with a pressure-setting or thermoplastic matrix of a two-component resin in a thickness of approximately 1.5 mm to approximately 4 mm, preferably approximately 2.5 mm, are used.
27. The method of one of claims 18-26, characterized in that one upper belt and one lower belt (41, 42) are made and wound by winding technology integrally with the intermediate structure (43) constructed in trelliswork-like fashion.
28. The method of one of claims 18-26, characterized in that by winding technology, a number of outer belt elements (62-66) is produced, which are disposed in a circle and disposed in alternation along the circumference of the circle with large winding spools (57-61), and the synthetic- resin-impregnated semi-finished fiber product (P), before and after the winding of an outer belt element, is guided in each case over a large winding spool, and between the winding, in each case one portion of the trelliswork-like intermediate structure (51-56) is wound over two large winding spools disposed on the circumference.
29. The use of a load-bearing component (40; 50) of one of claims 1-17 as a bearer and/or reinforcing element for vehicles, such as passenger cars or trucks of lightweight construction, or as a carrier wheel, wheel rim, or the like.

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