EP1266131B1 - Exhaust system for watercrafts - Google Patents

Abstract

Prior to leaving the exhaust pipe (1), the exhaust gases are made to flow through a section used to help reduce the heat of the sea water around the pipe exit. In this section at least one sump is provided, with a drainage tube (25) extending from the deepest point of the sump to a point around the boat.

Description

Exhaust systems for small and medium-sized vessels included in the Usually in the flow direction of the exhaust gas behind the or each engine one or several compensators for damping vibrations, silencers and a Exhaust pipe leading to an outlet opening in the side wall of the watercraft leads. This outlet opening is typically only slightly above the waterline to keep the exhaust gases from your deck and the To keep decks of adjacent watercraft as far away as possible.

Because of the high temperature of the exhaust gases, they must pass through before they pass through the side wall are cooled. For this purpose, sea water is usually directly in the exhaust pipe is injected, which then swirls with the exhaust gas flow and together with this is transported out of the exhaust pipe.

This type of exhaust gas cooling is very efficient. However, it contains the problem that by the direct contact of the lake water with the exhaust gas and the relatively long contact duration over the entire transport route up to Outlet of unburned fuel and soot particles on the cooling water accumulate and washed out of the exhaust pipe together with the water become. As a result, a film of soot and fuel particles forms the water surface in the vicinity of the outlet opening and the side wall of the Vehicle as well as neighboring watercraft become strong dirty.

Another consequence of direct seawater injection into the exhaust pipe is a significant susceptibility to corrosion of the exhaust pipe in the vicinity of the Seawater injection port.

Another problem with unpleasant consequences for the exhaust system occurs Waves on: When heavy seas or swell cause masses of water hit and hit the dropside in the area of the outlet opening getting into the exhaust system in this way can cause considerable damage to lead. In order to avoid such damage as far as possible, it is known the exhaust pipe shortly before the exit opening in a U-shape and the apex of the U to be placed as high as possible above the water level. However, it has been shown that even this precaution is not sufficient under unfavorable circumstances Exhaust system stopping seawater from hitting the top of the U. But if it gets over the top, there is considerable damage to the Expansion joints, the silencer or the engine due to corrosion or salinity preprogrammed.

GB 28 392 shows an exhaust system according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention is therefore based on the object of an exhaust system for watercraft to propose largely in the case of seawater-related corrosion damage be avoided.

The object is achieved by an exhaust system for watercraft with an exhaust pipe leading from an engine system to an exhaust outlet solved, in the area located in front of the exhaust gas outlet a flowable Means for energy dissipation of those hitting the exhaust pipe through the exhaust outlet Sea water and in the area of the means for energy reduction or in Exhaust gas flow direction is provided in front of at least one sump and in the a drainage pipe into the vehicle surroundings from the deepest point of the swamp leads; whereby the sump is higher than the exhaust gas outlet is arranged; and the means to deplete energy at least one manifold and the sump through a portion of the exhaust pipe is formed between a sloping section and an adjoining rising section of the exhaust pipe is arranged.

The manifold is preferably formed by two 180 ° bends run in the same direction on a screw line and thus save space be relocated. It is then advantageous that the one closest to the exhaust outlet first curve in the direction of view against the exhaust gas flow a first rising branch and has a second sloping branch, and the adjoining branch second arch forms the swamp and begins with a first falling branch and ends with a second rising branch.

Preferably, in an exhaust system with sea water cooling Exhaust gas the inlet point for cooling sea water into the exhaust gas downstream of first bow. This proves to be particularly advantageous if the outlet side End piece of the exhaust pipe at least partially from a cooling water jacket is surrounded.

Fig. 1

eine Ansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Abschnittes eines Abgasrohres zwischen dem Motor und dem Endstück des Abgasrohres;

Fig. 2

eine Seitenansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels dieses Abgasrohrabschnittes;

Fig. 3

eine Vorderansicht des zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels;

Fig. 4

eine Seitenansicht eines Endstückes des Abgasrohres mit einem Kühlwassermantel;

Fig. 5

eine Vorderansicht des Endstückes mit Kühlwasermantel;

Fig. 6

einen Teilschnitt des Bootsrumpfes mit einem Motor und einem Ausführungsbeispiel einer vollständigen Abgasanlage.

Further advantages of the invention are explained below with reference to drawings of various exemplary embodiments. Show it:

Fig. 1

a view of a first embodiment of a portion of an exhaust pipe between the engine and the end piece of the exhaust pipe;

Fig. 2

a side view of a second embodiment of this exhaust pipe section;

Fig. 3

a front view of the second embodiment;

Fig. 4

a side view of an end piece of the exhaust pipe with a cooling water jacket;

Fig. 5

a front view of the end piece with cooling water jacket;

Fig. 6

a partial section of the boat hull with an engine and an embodiment of a complete exhaust system.

An exhaust pipe section 1 according to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 has The following elements are primarily facing the flow direction 35 of the exhaust gas on: a flange 16 followed by a straight pipe section 14, one behind it lying first sheet 10, an adjoining second sheet 20, a straight section 28, an associated U-bend 30 and behind it one long straight section 34, which ends with another flange 36. The first arch has an ascending branch 11 and a descending branch 1 2. Correspondingly, the second arch 20 has a sloping branch 21 and one subsequent rising branch 22 and the third arch a rising branch 31 and a sloping branch 32.

The downstream flange 16 serves to connect the one shown in FIG. 4 End piece of the exhaust pipe, the flange 36 connects the exhaust pipe section 1 with the engine or any damping or filter element in front of it.

From the outside through the exhaust outlet 44 (FIG. 4) into the end piece and further into the Exhaust pipe section 1 striking sea water can due to its kinetic Energy the vertical pipe section 14 and the first one behind Overcome bow 10. The water builds - due to the wall contact in the area of the rising first branch 11 and the falling second branch 12 of the bow 10 - a large part of its kinetic energy. The first As a result, bow represents a means of reducing the energy of sea water Sea water can then either move back or towards the exhaust outlet flow into the sheet 20 located behind the sheet 10. Through the im Area of the falling branch 21 and the rising branch 22 of the second Arch 20 renewed wall contact will also be the remaining energy of the water is broken down so far that it is the subsequently rising section 28 of the exhaust pipe can no longer overcome.

In addition to reducing energy, the second arch also functions as a sump. The water collecting in the area of the second arch 20 is drained through a drain opening 24 at the deepest point of the arch and a descending one Drainage pipe 25 or a corresponding hose to one deeper region of the vertical pipe section 14 is returned. The Drainage pipe 25 has a smaller cross section than the exhaust pipe, so seawater hitting the exhaust pipe at most in smaller quantities the drainage pipe 25 can reach the area of the second bend 20.

The sheets 10, 20 and 30 each have in the illustrated embodiment an angle of curvature of 180 °, whereby the subsequent straight pipe sections run parallel. As in the embodiments of the Fig. 1 to 3 is shown, it is advantageous to lay the exhaust pipe so that the straight pipe sections 14, 28 run vertically to seawater as possible withhold effectively. The lengths of the straight pipe sections 14, 28 and Transition between the arch 10 and the arch 20 can be the space and the arrangement of the engine or the exhaust gas outlet varies accordingly become.

The embodiment of the exhaust pipe section 1 'shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 differs from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 essentially by two successive 180 ° arches 10 ', 20' which are curved in the same direction run on a helix. In detail, the exhaust pipe section 1 'contains this design again upstream - the direction of flow is again marked by arrow 35 - located behind the vertical pipe section 14 ' Bow 10 ', in the illustration of FIG. 2 to the rear from the plane of the drawing is bent out. The arc 10 'thus describes in this embodiment half a left-hand spiral track. The arch directly adjacent to it 20 'lies completely in the plane lying behind the plane of the drawing and is in that plane curved in the same direction as the arch 10 '. The subsequent rising Pipe section 28 'extends vertically upwards and opens into the another arch 30 ', which is now back in the starting level further ahead back and at the same time curved in the opposite direction to the arches 10 ', 20' is. The subsequent vertically sloping pipe section 34 'runs again in the same plane as the pipe section 14 ', as shown in FIG. 3 it can be seen that the two pipe sections are shown one behind the other.

The advantage of this embodiment is that it is in the side view considered (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) is more space-saving. Perpendicular to it, in the front view (Fig. 3) considered, however, this embodiment claims more Place.

Further embodiments are conceivable in which the first bend is in the exhaust gas flow direction facing one or more arches, the one in reverse orientation begins with a first falling branch and with a second rising branch ends. Alternatively, they can be the means to reduce energy forming arches and describing a helical spiral path also arranged essentially horizontally and thereupon a swamp be connected. The means for energy reduction can also, for example Shape of a bend angled downwards by 90 ° with a minimal radius of curvature have. In a completely different embodiment is a pipe section provided with a greatly enlarged cross-section that the flow of the striking Sea water interrupts or at least slows down and at the same time a lower part forming a swamp with a drainage pipe having.

The end piece 3 of the exhaust pipe shown by way of example in FIGS. 4 and 5 closes downstream directly on the straight section 14 or 14 'of the Exhaust pipe section 1, 1 'according to one of the aforementioned embodiments and has a flange 40 on the input side. The flange 40 is with the Flange 16 or 16 'connected. The end piece 3 also has a Flange 40 adjoining knee 42 and an adjoining straight one Section 43 on. The latter is up to the exhaust gas outlet 44 from a cooling water jacket 45 surrounded. The inner wall 48 of the cooling water jacket 45 is covered by the The outer wall of the straight section 43 is formed, the outer wall 49 of the cooling water jacket 45 is a tube section concentrically surrounding the inner wall 48 and two annular walls 46 and 47 close the cooling water jacket 45 on the front. The cooling water jacket 45 also includes a cooling water inlet connection 52 with a flange 53 located thereon and a flange in FIG. 5 recognizable cooling water outlet. This is through a lower bore 54 and formed by upper bores 56 lying on a pitch circle segment, which the penetrate annular wall 47 and the exhaust outlet 44 partially radially outside surround. At the downstream end of the cooling water jacket is an off two spaced washers 57 and 58 existing flange. When installing the end piece 3 especially in watercraft with a wooden side wall or The two panes 57 and 58 of the flange become glass fiber composite material clamped from the outside or inside against the side wall of the watercraft, so that the cooling water jacket 45 with its in the area of the intermediate space 59 part between the disks 57, 58 penetrates the side wall. at a watercraft with a metallic outer skin, the disc 57 omitted. The remaining disk 58 is then on its outer diameter welded to the corresponding point on the drop side. Is essential to the invention in each case that the side wall is not directly connected to the exhaust pipe - here with the straight section 43 - comes into contact.

Size and arrangement of the individual holes 54, 56 for the cooling water are in the embodiment chosen so that the major part of the outflowing Cooling water passes through the upper holes 56 and that through the outlet 44 exiting exhaust gas envelops in a semicircle on its top. Exhaust gas and Cooling water only swirl after the exhaust gas cooling according to the invention outside the exhaust system.

In Fig. 4 and Fig. 6 it can be seen that the flange 40 relative to the central axis 39 of the end section is inclined. If the flange 40 is on a horizontal Flange 16, 16 'according to the exemplary embodiments from FIG. 1 or 2 assembled, this results in a slope of the end section towards the exhaust gas outlet 44. This ensures that after switching off the engine and thus also after Switching off the sea water cooling the rest in the cooling water jacket 45 water through the lower, thus at the lowest point of the cooling water jacket 45 located bore 54 of the annular wall 47 can flow away.

The total cross section of the holes 54 and 56 is dimensioned so that the cooling water jacket 45 at a predetermined flow rate of the cooling water circuit always completely flowing through Cooling water is filled. Depending on the amount of cooling water flowing and size of the individual bores, the annular wall 47 can also be open, for example be provided with holes 56 over their entire circumference.

6 shows an example of the arrangement of a complete exhaust system within a boat hull 60 shown. An engine 66 has an exhaust outlet 67, to which in the flow direction 35 of the exhaust gas a compensator 68, a silencer 70, another compensator 69 and a right-angled upward leading knee 72 connects. In the direction of flow behind it is the exhaust pipe section 1 '(according to the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3) with the Flange 36 'flanged. On the one further down in the direction of flow Flange 16 'of the exhaust pipe section 1' is the end piece 3 according to the exemplary embodiment 4 and 5 flanged. This is by means of the flange forming discs 57, 58 connected to the side wall 62.

With this arrangement, most of the engine and the ones behind it are located Elements of the exhaust system up to the knee 72 below the water line 64. Could seawater penetrate beyond the U-bend 30 'into the exhaust system, then this would no longer be possible using gravity alone the exhaust system, you would need an active pump system in this case. The compensators 68 and 69 designed as bellows and the Silencers 70 also form niches for accumulating sea water would be difficult to get rid of. The water would only come through the contact evaporate with the hot exhaust gases, increasing the risk of corrosion existed. It also increases the risk of salinization in the corresponding low-lying areas of the exhaust system, through which a growing thicker salt layer and lead to constipation would. Therefore, with such an arrangement, it is particularly important to penetrate to prevent the sea water up to these places.

The means of energy dissipation, the sump as well as the exhaust pipe and sea water cooling upstream of the sump is preferably made of alloy steel Grade 1.4571 or 1.3964 manufactured. The upstream beyond the swamp part of the exhaust pipe can be made of simple carbon steel exist because no sea water can penetrate into this area.

Claims (18)

1. Exhaust gas system for watercraft, comprising an exhaust pipe leading from an engine system to an exhaust gas outlet (44), wherein a through-flow means for degrading the energy of sea water gushing through the exhaust gas outlet into the exhaust pipe is provided in the area of the exhaust pipe (1, 3; 1', 3) located upstream from the exhaust gas outlet and at least one settling basin is provided in the area of the means for degrading the energy or upstream thereof in the direction of exhaust gas flow (35); wherein a drainage line (25, 25') leads into the surroundings of the vessel from the deepest point of the settling basin; and wherein the settling basin is arranged higher than the exhaust gas outlet (44), characterised in that the means for degrading the energy is formed by at least one elbow and the settling basin by a section of the exhaust pipe which is arranged between a descending section and a subsequent ascending section of the exhaust pipe.
2. Exhaust gas system according to claim 1, characterised in that the elbow is formed by two 180° bends which curve in the same direction along a helix.
3. Exhaust gas system according to claim 2, characterised in that the (first) 180° bend (10; 10') closest to the exhaust gas outlet (44), when viewed contrary to the exhaust gas flow, has a first ascending branch (11; 11') and a second descending branch (12; 12') and the second 180° bend (20; 20') following thereafter forms the settling basin and commences with a first descending branch (21; 21') and ends with a second ascending branch (22; 22').
4. Exhaust gas system according to either of claims 2 or 3, characterised in that the transition from the first to the second 180° bend is formed by a straight pipe section.
5. Exhaust gas system at least according to claim 1, characterised in that the drainage line is formed as a descending drainage pipe (25; 25') or descending tube and connected to the part (14; 14') of the exhaust pipe (1, 3; 1', 3) located downstream behind the first 180° bend (10; 10').
6. Exhaust gas system according to claim 5, characterised in that the drainage pipe (25; 25') or the tube has a smaller cross-section, at least in part, than the exhaust pipe (1, 3; 1', 3).
7. Exhaust gas system according to any one of claims 1 to 6 with sea water cooling of the exhaust gas, characterised in that the introduction point for cooling sea water into the exhaust gas is located downstream from the means for degrading the energy.
8. Exhaust gas system according to claim 7, characterised in that the end piece (3) on the outlet side of the exhaust gas pipe (1, 3; 1', 3) is surrounded, at least in part by a cooling water jacket (45).
9. Exhaust gas system according to claim 8, characterised in that the inner wall (48) of the cooling water jacket (45) is formed by the outer wall of the exhaust pipe, in that the outer wall (49) of the cooling water jacket (45) concentrically surrounds its inner wall (48) and in that the cooling water jacket (45) is closed at the respective end face ends by an annular wall (46, 47) connecting the inner and outer wall.
10. Exhaust gas system according to claim 9, characterised in that the cooling water jacket (45) has a cooling water inlet (52, 53) at its end remote from the exhaust gas outlet and in that the cooling water outlet is formed by at least one aperture in the annular wall (47) located in the area of the exhaust gas outlet (44).
11. Exhaust gas system according to claim 10, characterised in that it is guided through a corresponding aperture in the side of the vessel in the area of the cooling water jacket (45).
12. Exhaust gas system according to claim 11, characterised in that the cooling water jacket (45) is provided with a fitting flange (57, 58) for fastening to the side of the vessel.
13. Exhaust gas system according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterised in that the cooling water inlet (52, 53) and the cooling water outlet are designed and arranged such that the discharging cooling water flow at least partially surrounds the exhaust gas flow issuing from the exhaust gas outlet (44) of the exhaust pipe (1, 3; 1', 3).
14. Exhaust gas system according to claim 13, characterised in that the cooling water outlet is formed by holes (54, 56) provided at least on a segment of a circle of the outlet wall, the total cross-section of which holes and the arrangement of which are selected such that the flowing cooling water constantly fills the volume of the cooling water jacket (45).
15. Exhaust gas system according to any one of claims 8 to 14, characterised in that the cooling water jacket (45) is inclined toward the cooling water outlet and in that at least one of the holes (54, 56) of the cooling water outlet is located at the lowest point of the cooling water jacket (45).
16. Exhaust gas system at least according to claim 1, characterised in that a U-bend (30; 30') is located in the exhaust pipe (1, 3; 1', 3) on the other side of the settling basin from the exhaust gas outlet (44), against the direction of flow of the exhaust gas, the U-bend having a first ascending branch (31; 31') and a second descending branch (32; 32').
17. Exhaust gas system according to claim 16, characterised in that the transition from the settling basin, in particular from the second 180° bend (20; 20') to the U-bend (30; 30') is formed by a straight pipe section (28; 28').
18. Exhaust gas system according to claim 4 or 16, characterised in that the straight pipe sections between the bends (10, 20, 30; 10', 20', 30') each extend vertically.

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