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EP1256763B1 - Procédé et dispositif de surveillance de flamme à sécurité de long terme - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de surveillance de flamme à sécurité de long terme Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1256763B1
EP1256763B1 EP02003787A EP02003787A EP1256763B1 EP 1256763 B1 EP1256763 B1 EP 1256763B1 EP 02003787 A EP02003787 A EP 02003787A EP 02003787 A EP02003787 A EP 02003787A EP 1256763 B1 EP1256763 B1 EP 1256763B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
flame
unit
monitoring
filter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02003787A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1256763A3 (fr
EP1256763A2 (fr
Inventor
Marco Techt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Karl Dungs GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Karl Dungs GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Karl Dungs GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Karl Dungs GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1256763A2 publication Critical patent/EP1256763A2/fr
Publication of EP1256763A3 publication Critical patent/EP1256763A3/fr
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Publication of EP1256763B1 publication Critical patent/EP1256763B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/08—Flame sensors detecting flame flicker

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for flame monitoring on one or more burners, in particular blower burners, as well as a monitoring device for flame monitoring on such burners.
  • Such methods or monitors are e.g. from EP 0 953 805 and US Pat. No. 4,701,624.
  • the safety of the flame detection depends on whether the corresponding sensor element works correctly for the radiation to be detected.
  • the sensor element generates an electrical signal indicative of the strength or power of the received radiation. In this case, long-term (creeping) changes in the properties of the sensor element are dangerous, especially in the case of burner operation. If the sensor, which may for example be formed by a semiconductor, is affected by temperature, combustion gases or other wear influences, the switching thresholds and detection thresholds for the radiation intensity, which should be considered as a characteristic for burning a flame or extinguishing it, may be shifted ,
  • the electrical signal delivered by the radiation-sensitive detection device becomes parallel through two filter devices with different characteristics. Both filter output signals are checked to see if they are within an expected range. Only if this is the case for both filter output signals will the presence of a flame with a corresponding output signal be indicated.
  • the filters may be analog filters or computational blocks of a microcomputer program.
  • the filtering of the electrical signal of the detection device with two different filters makes it possible to determine creeping changes in the electrical properties of the detection device. This is due to the fact that the radiation emitted by the flame is not constant over time. Rather, there is usually a certain flickering of the flame. This is especially true for forced air burners, especially oil-fired burners. The flickering of the flame produces a proportion of radiation that fluctuates sporadically. The fluctuations are in a frequency range between 10 and 60 hertz - depending on the burner. On the other hand, when the flame is constantly burning, even if it flickers slightly, there is a fixed average radiation level.
  • the two-channel evaluation of the radiation signal according to the invention now makes it possible to separately detect and examine different frequency components of the radiation signal.
  • a time-weighted mean value of the radiation signal can be evaluated in the first channel. This is obtained, for example, by low-pass filtering or numerical averaging.
  • the signal thus filtered when the detector is operating properly, maps the received radiation power. Will be an optical sensor for visible light as detection device used, the signal corresponds to the detected mean flame brightness.
  • the alternating components of the radiation signal can be filtered out, which characterize the flickering of the flame.
  • This can be done, for example, with a high pass or with a bandpass.
  • the bandpass can also serve to drastically reduce the influence of stray light sources, which can also produce alternating light. This is especially true if the bandpass is sufficiently detuned against normal line frequencies (50 hertz), so that light fluctuations, such as occur in 50 or 100 hertz rhythm to fluorescent lamps, are irrelevant.
  • the bandpass is preferably tuned to a frequency below the line frequency.
  • a calculation block can also be used which determines the sum of the amounts of differences of a number of consecutive samples of the luminance signal. If the sum falls below a limit, the sporadic brightness fluctuation (flickering) is too low. Thus, either the sensor is defective or the flame extinguished; an error is displayed.
  • the radiation-sensitive detection device eg a photoresistor
  • the influence of combustion gases or other wear influences it gradually goes into the high-resistance or low-resistance state starting from a resistance value corresponding to the actual radiation effect (illuminance).
  • the current resistance of the photoresistor or other sensing element moves from its desired value to another value, with the influence the illuminance gradually decreases with increasing destruction of the detection element (eg, a semiconductor).
  • the resistance value due to destruction of the detection device is also in the event of flame failure in a valid range for the flame message, no flame failure can be detected solely by evaluating the mean value of the radiation signal.
  • the destruction of the detection device was accompanied by a reduction in its sensitivity, so that the flicker content in the radiation signal continued to decrease even with the flame still burning. This is registered in the channel provided for detecting the stochastic alternating component. If the detected flicker falls below a minimum value, the output signal of this channel is no longer within the expected range. Accordingly, an output signal for indicating the presence of a flame is no longer generated, and thus a trouble message occurs.
  • a corresponding evaluation device or monitoring device responds to the creeping destruction of the sensor element of the detection device even before a real error occurs by a corresponding failure message. In practical operation, this would cause the burner to stop, i. the system falls to the safe side. Dangers for humans and material are excluded thereby - the security is increased.
  • the presented concept is especially important for long-running oil burners.
  • a check of the functionality of the detection device of the monitoring device is not only at the start of operation when igniting the flame, but by the different signal processing in both parallel channels, during operation of the burner constantly taking place.
  • the gradual destruction of a sensor component can also lead to an electrical resistance being shifted to particularly low or particularly high values.
  • the average of the radiation signal indicative of the resistance of the sensor device is examined to determine whether the current resistance of the sensor device is below a minimum value.
  • This minimum value serving as limit value is preferably set to a value which corresponds to an excessively bright illumination (radiation intensity) which can not be applied by the flame.
  • This measure brings both security against short circuits on the sensor element or in the supply lines, as well as against a gradual resistance shift.
  • Another safety measure may be to evaluate the failure of a detector when the electrical signal before ignition of a flame is in an area where it is expected in the presence of a flame.
  • the monitoring device has two mutually parallel channels with different signal evaluation devices, one of which, for example, evaluates the signal average and the other the alternating component of the signal.
  • the evaluation can be done via filtering devices hardware or software.
  • thresholds or window discriminator circuits can be used to examine whether the signals are in the desired and expected range.
  • the threshold value switches, window discriminators, possibly required rectifiers for signal rectification and the like can be realized both by hardware or by software.
  • the monitoring device according to the invention is particularly suitable for flame monitoring by detecting the visible light with a photoresistor as a sensor element. This makes it possible to realize simple, cost-effective and, in the event of continuous operation of the burner, safe monitoring devices.
  • a monitoring device 1 for the flame 2 of a fan burner 3 is illustrated schematically.
  • the blower burner 3 is connected to a blower 4 and a fuel supply line 5.
  • the fuel is, for example, heating oil.
  • the flame 2 has a turbulent flame image. Their brightness changes around an average. Time variations of the brightness L around the mean value M correspond to the flickering of the flame, as illustrated in FIG.
  • the fluctuations are stochastic. They are often in the range of 10 - 60 hertz.
  • the monitoring device 1 monitors the visible light emitted by the flame 2 by means of a radiation-sensitive detection device. This is formed by a photoresistor 6, which is connected to a monitoring circuit 7. This is, for example, part of a higher-level control device and thus serves, as schematically indicated in Fig. 1, for controlling the fan burner 3 and in particular for direct and indirect shutdown of the fan 4, and the shut-off of the fuel supply by means of a corresponding controlled valve. 8
  • the photoresistor 6 is arranged to catch a part of the visible light emitted from the flame 2. At its output terminals, it thus generates a signal which reproduces the brightness curve illustrated in FIG.
  • the internal resistance of the photoresistor 6 is dependent on the illuminance. This relationship is illustrated in FIG. As the illuminance L increases, the resistance R decreases more and more. In darkness or low illuminance, the resistance takes its rest resistance R 0 . At very high illuminances, which are higher than any of the flame 2 can be generated, the resistance R approaches its minimum value R M.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates as curve I the dependence of the resistance R on the illuminance L for an intact photoresistor 6.
  • the characteristic of the photoresistor 6 may change over time. Any damage is usually accompanied by the fact that the steepness of the characteristic decreases in the range between the quiescent resistance R o and the minimum value R M.
  • the dashed line in Fig. 2 illustrated curve II illustrates such a case.
  • the resting resistance R 0 has decreased; the minimum value has increased and the slope of the characteristic is reduced.
  • the monitoring circuit 7 is illustrated separately in FIG. 4.
  • the monitoring circuit 7 has a first channel 11 for evaluating the DC component of the signal generated by the photoresistor 6 and a second channel 12 for evaluating the AC signal component.
  • Both channels 11, 12, receive the same input signal, which is output from an R / V converter 14, which outputs a voltage corresponding to the resistor R.
  • the R / U converter is the input side connected to the photoresistor 6 and is in the simplest case by a voltage divider (one with the photoresistor 6 in series ohmic resistance) is formed.
  • the first channel 11 contains for signal evaluation (as Signalauswert worn) a low-pass filter 15, which serves to determine the average value of the R / U converter output signal.
  • the low pass 15 forms the time-weighted average. Its corner frequency is, for example, at 20 hertz.
  • an analog / digital converter 16 is connected (A / D converter), which digitalizes the filter output signal to a microcontroller 17 passes.
  • a / D converter then passes to the microcontroller 17 samples of the current time signal.
  • the microcontroller can computationally form the mean value of the time signal by adding up in each case a defined number of the last measured values. The sum thus obtained corresponds to the mean value.
  • the channel contains, as a signal evaluation device 12, a bandpass filter 18 (or alternatively a high-pass filter).
  • the center frequency of the bandpass 18 is, for example, at 30 hertz, wherein the bandwidth can be sized relatively large. For example, the 3dB cutoff frequencies are 10 and 40 hertz. Network-correlated alternating light components of extraneous light sources can thus be excluded, the flickering of the signal (see FIG. 3) being recorded in broadband.
  • the filter output signal can be sent directly to the microcontroller 17 be transferred. If it samples the input signal periodically (optionally via an A / D converter 19), stochastic values are obtained here as long as a flicker signal is present. Thus, the individual samples are within a specified range of variation.
  • the alternating component is below a specified limit.
  • the microcontroller 17 can check this by continuously forming differences between successive signal values and only recognizing a flickering signal when the individual differences exceed a minimum value. If smaller differences occur several times in succession, it can be assumed that the alternating component of the signal according to FIG. 3 is below a predetermined limit. Alternatively, the sum over the amounts of several successive differences can be formed and compared to the limit.
  • the microcontroller 17 is programmed to emit a valid flame signal (indicating a burning flame) only when the DC signal detected across the channel 11 is within a predetermined range and at the same time the flicker signal detected in the channel 12 exceeds a minimum value.
  • the predetermined range for the DC signal corresponds to a resistance range B for the current resistance of the photoresistor 6 (FIG. 1).
  • the flicker signal provided by the channel 12 must be above a limit value G. This is illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the monitoring device 1 described so far operates as follows:
  • the photovidiant 6 detects the light emitted by the flame 2.
  • the brightness varies according to the diagram of Fig. 3. Corresponding to the time course of the electrical signal at the output of the transducer 14.
  • the channel 11 determines the short-term average of this signal by low-pass filtering. If the flame 2 has such a brightness that the resistance value of the photoresistor 6 fluctuates around the value P illustrated in FIG. 2, which lies in the region B, this is recognized by the microcontroller 17. At the same time, the bandpass 18 in the channel 12 becomes the flicker component of the channel filtered out.
  • the microcontroller 17 checks whether the flicker proportion is greater than predetermined by the limit G (FIG. 3). If so, the microcontroller registers this. If both conditions (channel 11, average in area B, channel 12 flicker rate greater than limit G) are met, the microcontroller outputs a flame signal indicating the presence of a flame or internally generates a corresponding signal for further processing.
  • the microcontroller by determining that the signal of the channel 11 is in the validity range B, but the flickering signal of the channel 12 has failed, generates a signal which indicates the failure of the photoresistor 6.
  • the monitoring circuit 7 assumes here functions that have been taken over by the microcontroller 17 in the monitoring circuit 1 of FIG. 4.
  • the photoresistor 6 is connected with a connection to an operating voltage U b and with its other connection to the R / V converter 14, which generates a voltage output signal which corresponds to the current flowing through the photoresistor 6 current. As the resistance of the photoresistor 6 decreases, the output voltage of the transducer 14 increases. The output voltage is transmitted to the low-pass filter 15, which determines the time average of the converter output signal. The output signal of the low-pass filter 15 is passed to a window discriminator 21 which checks whether the low-pass output signal lies within a predetermined switching range which corresponds to the region B according to FIG. 2. The limits of the switching range are monitored by two trigger circuits 22, 23 which have setting inputs 24, 25 for determining the trigger thresholds. The trigger outputs are connected to an exclusive-OR gate 26, which only provides a valid output signal at its output when only one of the two trigger circuits 22, 23 detects border crossings.
  • the control inputs 24, 25 serve to adjust the switching thresholds of the trigger circuits 22, 23 as needed and to adapt them to the respective operating mode of the burner 3.
  • the lower switching threshold responsible for the low incidence of light during ignition operation can be set differently (lower) than after ignition during burner operation (this is called a negative switching differential).
  • the channel 12 may include a signal rectifier 27 following the bandpass 18, which converts the flicker signal into a DC signal.
  • a connected trigger circuit 28 serves to check whether the alternating signal (flickering signal) exceeds a predetermined limit G.
  • the two channels 11, 12 are the output side via a logic circuit 29, which is formed, for example, as an AND circuit, linked together to produce a flickering signal.
  • a continuous-duty monitoring device 1 which is provided in particular for flame monitoring on oil-operated blower burners, has a photoresistor 6, which is connected to a monitoring circuit 7. This evaluates the output from the photoresistor 6 signal from two channels.
  • a first channel 11 is used to detect the average brightness.
  • a second channel 12 is used to detect alternating parts resulting from the flickering of the flame.
  • the flame will only be considered proper burning recognized, if at both channel outputs of the channels 11, 12, a signal is present, or the signal is in each case in a predetermined range.
  • creeping changes in the characteristics of the photoresistor as they occur in the case of continuous combustion operation and are dangerous, can be detected in this way. It is ensured that the flame monitoring is not performed or attempted with a defective photoresistor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de surveillance de la flamme d'un ou de plusieurs brûleurs, plus particulièrement de brûleurs à air pulsé,
    à l'aide d'un dispositif de détection (6) sensible au rayonnement, qui délivre un signal électrique caractérisant la puissance de rayonnement,
    procédé selon lequel on transmet le signal électrique en parallèle à au moins deux dispositifs de filtre (15, 18) avec des caractéristiques différentes,
    on examine si les deux signaux de sortie des filtres se situent dans une plage (B, G) attendue,
    et selon lequel on ne produit un signal caractérisant la présence d'une flamme que si les deux signaux de sortie des filtres se situent dans leur plage attendue (B, G) respective.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'à l'aide de l'un des dispositifs de filtre on détecte les fluctuations de signal du signal électrique et à l'aide de l'autre dispositif de filtre on détecte une valeur moyenne de signal.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'on utilise les fluctuations de signal du signal électrique comme signe de bon état de fonctionnement du dispositif de détection (6) sensible au rayonnement.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'on conclut une panne du dispositif de détection (6) lorsque sa valeur de signal est inférieure à un seuil prédéterminé (Rk).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'on conclut une panne du dispositif de détection (6) lorsque le signal électrique, avant l'allumage de la flamme, se situe dans la plage dans laquelle il est attendu en présence d'une flamme.
  6. Dispositif de surveillance (1) pour la surveillance de la flamme d'un ou de plusieurs brûleurs, plus particulièrement de brûleurs à air pulsé,
    avec un dispositif de détection (6) sensible au rayonnement, qui délivre un signal électrique caractérisant la puissance de rayonnement reçue,
    avec un premier canal (11) qui est connecté au dispositif de détection (6) et contient un dispositif de traitement de signal (15), auquel le signal électrique du dispositif de détection (6) est transmis et qui délivre à sa sortie un signal de flamme, lorsque le signal électrique satisfait un premier critère,
    avec un deuxième canal (12) qui est connecté au dispositif de détection (6) et contient un dispositif de traitement de signal (18), auquel le signal électrique du dispositif de détection (6) est transmis et qui délivre à sa sortie un signal de flamme, lorsque le signal électrique satisfait un deuxième critère,
    les dispositifs de traitement de signal (15, 18) des deux canaux (11, 12) étant agencés pour vérifier des critères différents et
    avec un dispositif de traitement (17, 21, 29) logique, qui comporte deux entrées connectées aux canaux (11, 12) et qui ne délivre un signal de détection de flamme que si les deux canaux (11,0 12) délivrent chacun un signal de flamme.
  7. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que les dispositifs de traitement de signal (15, 18) sont des dispositifs de filtre.
  8. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'un canal (11) comporte comme dispositif de traitement de signal (15) un dispositif (15) pour la formation d'une valeur moyenne dans le temps et l'autre canal (12) comporte comme dispositif de traitement de signal (18) un dispositif pour la détection de variation de signal.
  9. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'un canal (11) comporte comme dispositif de traitement de signal (15) pour détecter la puissance de rayonnement un filtre passe-bas (15).
  10. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que le canal (11) comporte à la suite du filtre passe-bas (15) un discriminateur à fenêtres (21).
  11. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que le discriminateur à fenêtres (21) présente au moins une entrée de commande (25) pour le réglage de ses seuils de déclenchement.
  12. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que l'un des dispositifs de traitement de signal (15, 18) est agencé pour la sélection de signaux de scintillement.
  13. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de traitement de signal (18) est un dispositif de filtre (18) à comportement passe-haut.
  14. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de traitement de signal (18) est un dispositif de filtre (18) à comportement passe-bande.
  15. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de détection (6) est une photorésistance.
EP02003787A 2001-05-12 2002-02-20 Procédé et dispositif de surveillance de flamme à sécurité de long terme Expired - Lifetime EP1256763B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10123214 2001-05-12
DE10123214A DE10123214A1 (de) 2001-05-12 2001-05-12 Langzeitsicheres Flammenüberwachungsverfahren und Überwachungsvorrichtung

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EP1256763A2 EP1256763A2 (fr) 2002-11-13
EP1256763A3 EP1256763A3 (fr) 2003-07-30
EP1256763B1 true EP1256763B1 (fr) 2006-11-08

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US8905063B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2014-12-09 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with fuel rate monitor
US8947242B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2015-02-03 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with valve leakage test
US9074770B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2015-07-07 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with electronic valve proving system
US9234661B2 (en) 2012-09-15 2016-01-12 Honeywell International Inc. Burner control system
US9557059B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2017-01-31 Honeywell International Inc Gas valve with communication link
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US10422531B2 (en) 2012-09-15 2019-09-24 Honeywell International Inc. System and approach for controlling a combustion chamber
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US8905063B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2014-12-09 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with fuel rate monitor
US8947242B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2015-02-03 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with valve leakage test
US9074770B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2015-07-07 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with electronic valve proving system
US9557059B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2017-01-31 Honeywell International Inc Gas valve with communication link
US9995486B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2018-06-12 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with high/low gas pressure detection
US8839815B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2014-09-23 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with electronic cycle counter
US10851993B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2020-12-01 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with overpressure diagnostics
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US11073281B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2021-07-27 Honeywell International Inc. Closed-loop programming and control of a combustion appliance
US10697815B2 (en) 2018-06-09 2020-06-30 Honeywell International Inc. System and methods for mitigating condensation in a sensor module

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EP1256763A3 (fr) 2003-07-30
EP1256763A2 (fr) 2002-11-13
DE50208634D1 (de) 2006-12-21
DE10123214A1 (de) 2002-11-28

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