EP1256399B1 - Cross rolling mill - Google Patents
Cross rolling mill Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1256399B1 EP1256399B1 EP02009712A EP02009712A EP1256399B1 EP 1256399 B1 EP1256399 B1 EP 1256399B1 EP 02009712 A EP02009712 A EP 02009712A EP 02009712 A EP02009712 A EP 02009712A EP 1256399 B1 EP1256399 B1 EP 1256399B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rollers
- machine
- tools
- driven
- machine frame
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims 5
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
- B21H1/18—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution cylinders, e.g. rolled transversely cross-rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B13/00—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories
- B21B2013/006—Multiple strand rolling mills; Mill stands with multiple caliber rolls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B21/00—Pilgrim-step tube-rolling, i.e. pilger mills
- B21B21/02—Rollers therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B35/00—Drives for metal-rolling mills, e.g. hydraulic drives
- B21B35/12—Toothed-wheel gearings specially adapted for metal-rolling mills; Housings or mountings therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B35/00—Drives for metal-rolling mills, e.g. hydraulic drives
- B21B35/14—Couplings, driving spindles, or spindle carriers specially adapted for, or specially arranged in, metal-rolling mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
- B21H1/22—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution characterised by use of rolls having circumferentially varying profile ; Die-rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H8/00—Rolling metal of indefinite length in repetitive shapes specially designed for the manufacture of particular objects, e.g. checkered sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H8/00—Rolling metal of indefinite length in repetitive shapes specially designed for the manufacture of particular objects, e.g. checkered sheets
- B21H8/02—Rolls of special shape
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cross rolling machine comprising two in a machine frame mounted, rotating in the same direction of rotation, jointly driven Rollers that provide work surfaces forming tools on their circumference are.
- Beams should change the axial direction even if the roll gap changes the workpiece feed run symmetrically to the axes of the rollers (see DE 44 16 238 A1).
- the invention has for its object a generic cross rolling machine to create, with the cycle times without the disadvantages mentioned significantly increase.
- this object is achieved in an incredibly simple manner by that the roller pairs of two modular machine frames mechanically coupled and by a common drive are driven.
- two identical, parallel arranged side by side Machines are operated in twin construction, which is due to the mechanical Coupling only a motor and gear unit is required, let double the number of pieces per revolution. This requires there is no independent control and loading and unloading of the two machine units with the workpieces to be formed or finished.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the rollers such Have diameter that only when forming a workpiece half the circumference of a pair of rollers required, the tools half-shell trained and on the rollers of the roller pairs of each machine frame are arranged offset by 180 °.
- the rollers such Have diameter that only when forming a workpiece half the circumference of a pair of rollers required, the tools half-shell trained and on the rollers of the roller pairs of each machine frame are arranged offset by 180 °.
- a cross-rolling machine 2 designed in a twin construction consists of two in parallel machine frames 2a and 2b arranged side by side, in each of which a pair of rollers from adjacent rollers 1 is stored.
- the rollers 1 of the first machine frames 2a are interposed by a motor 14
- Rollers 1 worn tools 6 of the pair of rollers of the machine frame 2a are compared to the tools 6 of the rollers 1 of the machine frame 2b offset by 180 °.
- Each tool 6 extends over half the circumference of a roller 1 or the rollers of a pair of rollers, wherein the diameter of the rollers 1 are dimensioned such that the forming of one is not shown, by means of a workpiece feed 8 in the roll gap of a pair of rolls only half the circumference of a roller 1 or a pair of rollers required.
- a roll 1 for a cross-rolling machine 2 (see FIG. 1) is shown in FIG. 2 and 3 from a roller axis 3 and one placed thereon and with the roller axis connected tool carrier 4, which is designed as a half-shell 5 Tool 6 is loaded, and one opposite the tool carrier 4 screwed onto the roller axis 3 mounting plate 7, which with a segment-like Workpiece feed 8 is provided.
- the tool carrier 4 is with a carrier recess 9 extending in the direction of the roll longitudinal axis (see FIG. 3) and the roller axis 3 with a complementary square section 10 trained.
- twin cross rolling machine 2 shown in Fig. 1 can after Loosen the screws 11 and 12 (cf. FIG. 3), each placed upwards Tools 6 of the rollers 1 of both machine frames 2a and 2b simultaneously with an interchangeable holder lifted from the cross-rolling machine 2 and replaced or be replaced.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
- Rollers For Roller Conveyors For Transfer (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Querwalzmaschine, umfassend zwei in einem Maschinenrahmen gelagerte, in gleicher Drehrichtung rotierende, gemeinsam angetriebene Walzen, die auf ihrem Umfang mit Werkzeuge bildenden Arbeitsflächen versehen sind.The invention relates to a cross rolling machine comprising two in a machine frame mounted, rotating in the same direction of rotation, jointly driven Rollers that provide work surfaces forming tools on their circumference are.
Eine solche Querwalzmaschine, auf der langgestreckte, Einschnürungen bzw.
Bunde und Erhöhungen wie Nocken oder Rippen aufweisende metallische Werkstücke
hergestellt werden, ist
gemäβ Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 durch die DE 43 01 314 A bekannt geworden. Das
Walzgerüst bzw. der Maschinenrahmen weist dort zwei Träger mit je zwei Tragwänden
und in diesen ausgebildeten Lagerstellen für Wellen auf. Auf den Wellen
sind Walzen angeordnet, wobei jeder Träger eine Walze lagert und mindestens
ein Träger durch Drehung um eine gemeinsame Achse zur Veränderung des
Walzspaltes zwischen den Walzen relativ zum anderen Träger bewegbar ist. Aufgrund
der Lagerung der Walzen an um eine gemeinsame Achse schwenkbar angeordneten
Trägern soll auch bei einer Änderung des Walzspaltes die Achsrichtung
der Werkstückzuführung symmetrisch zu den Achsen der Walzen verlaufen
(vgl. DE 44 16 238 A1).Such a cross rolling machine on which elongated, constrictions or
Metal workpieces with cuffs and elevations such as cams or ribs
are manufactured
according to the preamble of
Als nachteilig hat sich bei den bekannten Querwalzmaschinen herausgestellt, daß sie nur begrenzte Stückzahlen pro Zeiteinheit erzeugen können; außerdem ist der Austausch der Werkzeuge aufwendig.It has been found to be disadvantageous in the known transverse rolling machines that they can only produce limited quantities per unit of time; also is the Exchanging tools is time-consuming.
Die bekannten Querwalzmaschinen haben allerdings den Nachteil, daß es Beschränkungen bezüglich der Taktzeit gibt und damit die Fertigung hoher Stückzahlen ausgeschlossen ist. Zwar könnte eine Verkürzung der Taktzeit durch Erhöhung der Walzendrehzahl in Betracht kommen, jedoch führt das sowohl zu erheblichen technischen Problemen als auch zu Unsicherheiten im Werkstcühandling.However, the known cross rolling machines have the disadvantage that there are restrictions regarding the cycle time and thus the production of large quantities is excluded. Although the cycle time could be shortened by increasing it of the roll speed, but this leads to considerable technical problems as well as uncertainties in the workshop handling.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine gattungsgemäße Querwalzmaschine zu schaffen, mit der sich ohne die genannten Nachteile die Taktzeiten deutlich erhöhen lassen.The invention has for its object a generic cross rolling machine to create, with the cycle times without the disadvantages mentioned significantly increase.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß in verblüffend einfacher Weise dadurch gelöst, daß die Walzenpaare von zwei in Modulbauweise ausgeführten Maschinenrahmen mechanisch miteinander gekoppelt und von einem gemeinsamen Antrieb angetrieben sind. Indem somit zwei baugleiche, parallel nebeneinander angeordnete Maschinen in Zwillingsbauweise betrieben werden, wozu aufgrund der mechanischen Kopplung lediglich eine Motor- und Getriebeeinheit benötigt wird, lassen sich bei einer Walzenumdrehung doppelte Stückzahlen erreichen. Hierzu bedarf es keiner unabhängigen Steuerung sowie Be- und Entladung der beiden Maschineneinheiten mit den umzuformenden bzw. fertiggestellten Werkstücken.According to the invention, this object is achieved in an amazingly simple manner by that the roller pairs of two modular machine frames mechanically coupled and by a common drive are driven. By thus two identical, parallel arranged side by side Machines are operated in twin construction, which is due to the mechanical Coupling only a motor and gear unit is required, let double the number of pieces per revolution. This requires there is no independent control and loading and unloading of the two machine units with the workpieces to be formed or finished.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß die Walzen einen solchen Durchmesser aufweisen, der bei der Umformung eines Werkstückes nur den halben Umfang eines Walzenpaares erfordert, wobei die Werkzeuge halbschalenartig ausgebildet und an den Walzen der Walzenpaare eines jeden Maschinenrahmens um 180° versetzt angeordnet sind. Hierbei lassen sich mehrere Vorteile gleichzeitig erreichen. Denn bei einer kompletten Maschinenumdrehung wird jeweils nur ein Werkzeugpaar im Wechsel genutzt, gleichwohl liegt bei einer vollen Walzenumdrehung die doppelte Stückzahl vor. Die wechselweise Nutzung führt zu einer geringeren thermischen Belastung, denn während das Walzenpaar des einen Maschinenrahmens umformend wirkt, laufen die Walzen bzw. Werkzeuge der anderen Maschine frei in ihre Betriebsposition zurück. Wegen des wechselweisen Werkzeugeinsatzes kann die Antriebsleistung der Zwillingsmaschine wie für eine Einzelmaschine ausgelegt und gestaltet werden. Hinzu kommt noch, daß auch die zugehörigen Antriebskupplungen nur jeweils das Drehmoment für ein Walzenpaar, nämlich das mit den gerade umformenden Werkzeughälften übertragen müssen.A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the rollers such Have diameter that only when forming a workpiece half the circumference of a pair of rollers required, the tools half-shell trained and on the rollers of the roller pairs of each machine frame are arranged offset by 180 °. There are several advantages to this reach at the same time. Because with a complete machine revolution each time only one pair of tools is used alternately, nevertheless there is a full one Roll revolution twice the number of pieces. The alternate use leads to a lower thermal load, because while the pair of rollers of one The rollers or tools of the machine frame are reshaping other machine back to its operating position. Because of the alternate Tool use can drive the twin machine as for a Single machine can be designed and designed. In addition, the associated drive clutches only the torque for one pair of rollers, namely the need to transfer with the just forming tool halves.
Weitere Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- in perspektivischer Gesamt-Draufsicht eine Querwalzmaschine in Zwillings-Bauweise;
- Fig. 2
- als Einzelheit einer Querwalzmaschine in perspektivischer Ansicht eine Walze, die aus einem mit der Walzenachse verbundenen Werkzeugträger besteht; und
- Fig. 3
- die Walze nach Fig. 1 in der Vorderansicht und explosiv bzw. in der Ausbauposition des Werkzeugträgers dargestellt.
- Fig. 1
- in perspective overall plan view of a cross rolling machine in twin construction;
- Fig. 2
- as a detail of a cross-rolling machine in perspective view, a roller which consists of a tool carrier connected to the roller axis; and
- Fig. 3
- the roller of Fig. 1 in the front view and shown explosively or in the expanded position of the tool carrier.
Eine in Zwillingsbauweise ausgeführte Querwalzmaschine 2 besteht aus zwei parallel
nebeneinander angeordneten Maschinenrahmen 2a und 2b, in denen jeweils
ein Walzenpaar aus nebeneinanderliegenden Walzen 1 lagert. Die Walzen 1 des
ersten Maschinenrahmens 2a sind von einem Motor 14 über zwischengeschaltete
Getriebeeinheiten 15a, 15b angetrieben und über zwischengeschaltete Antriebswellen
16a, 16b mechanisch mit den Walzen 1 des zweiten Maschinenrahmens 2b
verbunden, so daß alle vier Walzen 1 der Zwillings-Querwalzenmaschine 2 von
einem Antrieb angetrieben werden. Die von den nachfolgend noch genauer beschriebenen
Walzen 1 getragenen Werkzeuge 6 des Walzenpaares des Maschinenrahmens
2a sind gegenüber den Werkzeugen 6 der Walzen 1 des Maschinenrahmens
2b um 180° versetzt angeodnet. Jedes Werkzeug 6 erstreckt sich über
den halben Umfang einer Walze 1 bzw. der Walzen eines Walzenpaares, wobei
die Durchmesser der Walzen 1 so bemessen sind, daß die Umformung eines nicht
gezeigten, mittels einer Werkstückzuführung 8 in jeweils den Walzspalt eines Walzenpaares
eingestoßenen Werkstückes nur den halben Umfang einer Walze 1
bzw. eines Walzenpaares erfordert. Bei einer kompletten Walzenumdrehung werden
zur Umformung eines ersten Werkstückes die Walzenpaare des Maschinenrahmens
2a und danach stets im Wechsel mit dem Walzenpaar des Maschinenrahmens
2b dessen Werkzeuge 6 zur Umformung eines weiteren, zweiten Werkstückes
genutzt.A
Eine Walze 1 für eine Querwalzmaschine 2 (vgl. Fig. 1) besteht nach den Fig. 2
und 3 aus einer Walzenachse 3 und einem darauf aufgesetzten und mit der Walzenachse
verbundenen Werkzeugträger 4, der mit einem als Halbschale 5 ausgebildeten
Werkzeug 6 bestückt ist, und einer gegenüberliegend dem Werkzeugträger
4 an die Walzenachse 3 angeschraubten Anbauplatte 7, die mit einer segmentartigen
Werkstückzuführung 8 versehen ist. Der Werkzeugträger 4 ist mit einer
sich in Richtung der Walzenlängsachse erstreckenden Trägerausnehmung 9
(vgl. Fig. 3) und die Walzenachse 3 mit einem komplementären Vierkantabschnitt
10 ausgebildet. Im montierten Zustand (vgl. Fig. 2) der Walze 1 liegt eine kompakte,
kraft- und formschlüssig miteinander verbundene Walzeneinheit vor, bei der
der mit seinem einseitig offenen unteren Ende der Trägerausnehmung 9 über den
Vierkantabschnitt 10 der Walzenachse 3 gestülpte Werkzeugträger 4 über Befestigungsschrauben
11 fest mit der Anbauplatte 7 verbunden und außerdem über in
den Block des Vierkantabschnitts 10 eingreifende Schrauben 12 verschraubt ist.
Zum Wechsel bzw. Austausch des Werkzeugs 6 brauchen lediglich die Schrauben
11 und 12 gelöst zu werden, worauf der gesamte Werkzeugträger 4 einfach nach
oben von dem Vierkantabschnitt 10 der Walzenachse 3 abgehoben bzw. -gezogen
werden kann (vgl. Fig. 3), beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Hallenkranes, wozu der
Werkzeugträger 4 mit einer Einhängöse 13 versehen ist. A
Bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Zwillings-Querwalzmaschine 2 können nach dem
Lösen der Schrauben 11 und 12 (vgl. die Fig. 3) die jeweils nach oben gestellten
Werkzeuge 6 der Walzen 1 beider Maschinenrahmen 2a und 2b gleichzeitig mit
einer Wechselaufnahme aus der Querwalzmaschine 2 gehoben und erneuert bzw.
ausgetauscht werden.In the twin
Claims (2)
- A transverse rolling machine including a mating roll with rollers that are disposed in a machine frame, rotating in the same direction and driven by a shared drive, and which are furnished with working surfaces that form tools on the circumferences thereof, characterised in that a second mating roll is provided and that the mating rolls are coupled together mechanically by two machine frames (2a, 2b) that are arranged parallel and beside one another and have a modular construction and are driven by a shared drive (14; 15a, 15b; 16a, 16b).
- The transverse rolling machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the rollers (1) have a diameter such that when a workpiece is shaped only half of the circumference of a mating roll is required, the tools (6) being constructed in semimonocoque manner and being arranged on the rollers (1) of the mating rolls on each machine frame (2a, 2b) with an offset of 180°.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10122595 | 2001-05-10 | ||
| DE10122595A DE10122595C2 (en) | 2001-05-10 | 2001-05-10 | Cross rolling machine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1256399A1 EP1256399A1 (en) | 2002-11-13 |
| EP1256399B1 true EP1256399B1 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
Family
ID=7684203
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02009712A Expired - Lifetime EP1256399B1 (en) | 2001-05-10 | 2002-04-30 | Cross rolling mill |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1256399B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3757188B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE273764T1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ295634B6 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10122595C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2227355T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2305015C2 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2007-08-27 | Владислав Архипович Мироненко | Working line of tube cold rolling mill |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE20312485U1 (en) | 2003-03-04 | 2003-10-16 | Langenstein & Schemann Gmbh, 96450 Coburg | Rolling machine for forming a workpiece |
| DE10316249B4 (en) | 2003-03-04 | 2010-04-15 | Langenstein & Schemann Gmbh | Method for forming a workpiece and a rolling machine |
| RU2386495C1 (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2010-04-20 | Закрытое акционерное общество "КОКС 1" | Working stand of planetary rolling mill |
| EP4116957B1 (en) | 2020-03-04 | 2025-01-15 | Sony Group Corporation | Information display device, method for controlling information display device, and information processing device |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3201964A (en) * | 1963-01-21 | 1965-08-24 | Detroit Tap & Tool Company | Method and apparatus for rolling threads |
| GB1127771A (en) * | 1965-02-04 | 1968-09-18 | Davy & United Eng Co Ltd | Rolling mills |
| DE4301314C2 (en) * | 1993-01-20 | 1995-11-23 | Beche & Grohs Gmbh | Cross rolling machine |
| DE4416238C2 (en) * | 1994-05-07 | 1996-03-21 | Beche & Grohs Gmbh | Cross rolling machine |
| DE19539082C2 (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 2003-08-21 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Tool holder for round jaw rolling tools for round jaw cross rolling machines |
-
2001
- 2001-05-10 DE DE10122595A patent/DE10122595C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-04-30 AT AT02009712T patent/ATE273764T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-30 EP EP02009712A patent/EP1256399B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-30 ES ES02009712T patent/ES2227355T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-30 DE DE50200843T patent/DE50200843D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-09 JP JP2002134500A patent/JP3757188B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-09 CZ CZ20021621A patent/CZ295634B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2305015C2 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2007-08-27 | Владислав Архипович Мироненко | Working line of tube cold rolling mill |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10122595A1 (en) | 2002-11-21 |
| JP2003025004A (en) | 2003-01-28 |
| DE10122595C2 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
| DE50200843D1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
| EP1256399A1 (en) | 2002-11-13 |
| CZ295634B6 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
| JP3757188B2 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
| ES2227355T3 (en) | 2005-04-01 |
| ATE273764T1 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
| CZ20021621A3 (en) | 2003-01-15 |
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