EP1255088A1 - Bearing arch arrangement and construction process of a bearing arch - Google Patents

Abstract

Subarch construction (1) comprises two skewbacks (2) and two imposts (3) between which the arch (4) extends in a curved manner, and a number of identical arch stones (5). An Independent claim is also included for a process for erecting a subarch having the above construction. Preferred Features: The imposts and the arch stones have a wedge shape tapering from the upper side of the arch toward the under side.

Description

The invention relates to a supporting arch structure, in particular for Vault of industrial furnaces, such as lime shaft furnaces, according to the generic term of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a method of manufacture a supporting arch according to the preamble of claim 21.

Arch constructions or supporting arch constructions are in constructive area, especially in building with shaped bodies or shaped stones wherever below an area a cavity is present and the load is above the cavity lying structure or masonry on the cavity laterally bounding walls or pillars must be derived. Since the time of the Romans there have been many sacral ones secular buildings with the help of supporting arches or vaults Overvoltage of cavities achieved with roofs or intermediate floors or bridges created with it. The vaults or supporting arches can reach considerable spans and guide them their apex or the forces introduced laterally into the masonry or auxiliary structures such as columns and pillars.

Arches and supporting arches are also becoming more different in industrial furnace construction Span applied to an oven cavity create, which is covered with further cavities or masonry can be. In general, it is common for vaults or supporting arch constructions to be set up in such a way that first an educational form is created, for example from wood, on which the Supporting arch or stones forming the vault from two sides bricked in opposite direction to the vertex up to the vertex become. At the apex there is a so-called keystone inserted, against which on domes on all sides, on supporting arches or barrel-shaped vaults on two sides of the supporting arch supports its two opposing sections. Subsequently the educational arch can be removed and the vault or the Supporting arch is free.

From DE 39 33 744 C2 is a keystone set for installation in Transitional area between two opposing sections of one vault-like support structure made of refractory Known stones. In this known construction for supporting arches the supporting structure is formed from two sections, the are directed in opposite directions, whereby in the transition area the keystone set is inserted between the two sections that consists of two transition stones that are on its outside, the last stone of the corresponding one Section adjacent, a tapered from top to bottom have a tapering tongue / groove profile, which corresponds to the corresponding tongue and groove devices of the neighboring Stein is trained and so a safe and tight installation should enable and also has at least one keystone, whose shape is chosen so that it is in positive engagement in the space between the previously used stones can be used axially is. This is to ensure that in the event of repairs this Keystone must be removed axially, causing the supporting structure is opened to more stones in the event of a repair remove and replace. Theoretically, this is supposed to achieved that the keystone to open the supporting arch not up into the area of masonry above can be removed, but can be pulled out axially, without having to partially remove the masonry above. This known embodiment has not been used in practice proven and has therefore been modified so that the grooves and springs have steps (Fig. 14) which are somewhat higher Allow stability against lateral axial pressure. hereby however, it is necessary to radially up the keystone pull out the support arch, so that compared to conventional Keystones for vaulted structures no longer achieved an advantage becomes. A major disadvantage, however, is that the keystone set consists of three stones and thus compared to normal Keystones caused a significantly increased manufacturing cost.

EP 0 862 034 B1 also describes a keystone set for a Vault made of refractory stones, consisting of two form-fitting adapter stones that can be connected to the refractory stones and known a wedge-shaped keystone, the wedge-shaped Keystone in the space to be closed between the adapter stones is axially applicable and the adapter blocks and Keystone are inserted into a grout grout. at this known construction will be in the installed state mutually supported connecting surfaces of the adapter blocks and the keystone as flat, step-free surfaces, grooves are arranged in these surfaces, which follow each other the insertion of the keystone to an axially open face Complement the channel so that the channels have one end face each insertable solid coupling rod made of a non-alloyed Pick up carbon steel. In this embodiment, a Keystone sets or a supporting arch is disadvantageous in that the Support arch by filling foreign materials both is chemically and materially inhomogeneous and in particular the coupling rods can burn out in use, so that there is no permanent stability.

A similar solution is known from CH 453 586, where there the channels of metal plates inserted between the stones be trained or limited, this solution for rotary kiln linings is provided.

DE-OS 21 19 051 proposes for the vaulted brick lining of rotary kilns so-called wedge stones, the inclined have wedge-shaped projections in their side walls.

At the end of a vaulted arch or a circle of the rotary kiln keystones are used, which are smooth vertical or inclined side surface have, while the other side surface that is connected to the remaining stones required shoulder or the required has wedge-shaped projection. Even with one Embodiment is disadvantageous that at least in the area of Keystone axial forces can not be safely absorbed.

From DE-PS 481 676 a stone for combustion chamber ceilings is known, with a V-shaped projection on one of its side surfaces upward tip and on an opposite one Surface has a corresponding groove. The lead and the Groove are down to a glazed surface of the Steins pulled through, the projection and groove each in the form of a closed triangle are formed. This is to be avoided that breaks along certain lines will fall out of the broken parts with appropriate exposure of unglazed Parts of the blanket against the heat and the Blanket is quickly destroyed. According to this document, it is at Construction of an annular firing surface with these shaped bodies necessary to switch on wedge-shaped stones in suitable spaces. These stones are just like the ones mentioned before Stones formed, but have a smooth surface that have no protrusion or groove. Here too is from Disadvantage that in the area of the wedge stone or the wedge stones The supporting arch is weakened, especially in the axial direction Direction. Another disadvantage is that the keystone for repair work over the entire stone height upwards from the supporting arch must be pulled out.

The object of the invention is to provide a supporting arch structure, which results in a simply constructed supporting arch, lighter and can be assembled with less effort and a higher load-bearing capacity has known as arches.

The task is carried out with a supporting arch structure with the characteristics of Claim 1 solved.

Advantageous further developments are in the of this claim dependent subclaims.

It is also an object to provide a method for manufacturing a To create a supporting arch with which a supporting arch can be reliably can be assembled easily and with little effort and a support arch is achieved with high load-bearing capacity.

The task is accomplished with a method of making a support arch solved with the features of claim 21.

According to the invention, a support arch is made by a uniform Stone format trained, d. H. there are no separate adapters or keystones needed.

Only the fighter stones of the supporting arch point like this is common in the prior art, a different shape. she correspond on the supporting arch side from the surface essentially a supporting arch stone format and point to one bearing surface on a smooth surface.

The stone formats of the supporting arch construction according to the invention have a specially designed contour with one step, which has a shape and a ramp angle which is has surprisingly proven to be particularly stable statically.

The method according to the invention provides for the arch of one Abutment stone to wall out beyond the apex and the last stone is the abutment wölber or fighter stone, the resting on the other abutment stone opposite. This has the advantage that the over a repair masonry lying in the supporting arch in most cases doesn't need to be broken out at all because at the point where the fighting stone is used, usually between there is a gap between this stone and the upper masonry, which is filled with mortar.

In the invention it is therefore advantageous that arches in easier and safer to manufacture, taking it through reduced production costs are cheap and the invention Supporting arch or the supporting arch structure according to the invention is statically very resilient.

Fig. 1

einen erfindungsgemäße Tragbogenaufbau in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,

Fig. 2

den erfindungsgemäßen Aufbau nach Fig. 1 in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 3

eine erste Ausführungsform eines Kämpfersteins in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 4

den Kämpferstein nach Fig. 3 in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 5

eine erste Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Tragbogensteins,

Fig. 6

einen erfindungsgemäßen Kämpferstein, welcher dem Stein gemäß Fig. 3 gegenüberliegend angeordnet ist,

Fig. 7

einen Widerlagerstein für den Kämpferstein in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 8

den Stein gemäß Fig. 7 in einer seitlichen Ansicht,

Fig. 9

eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Tragbogenaufbaus,

Fig. 10

einen Tragbogenstein für einen Tragbogen gemäß Fig. 9 in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 11

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Tragbogenaufbaus,

Fig. 12

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Tragbogenaufbaus,

Fig. 13

die Einbausituation eines erfindungsgemäßen Tragbogenaufbaus, insbesondere beim Einbau in ein bestehendes Mauerwerk,

Fig. 14

eine Tragbogenkonstruktion mit geteiltem Schlußstein und Adapterstein gemäß dem Stand der Technik.

The invention is explained below using a drawing as an example. It shows:

Fig. 1

a supporting arch structure according to the invention in a perspective view,

Fig. 2

1 in a plan view,

Fig. 3

a first embodiment of a fighting stone in a plan view,

Fig. 4

3 in a side view,

Fig. 5

a first embodiment of a supporting arch stone according to the invention,

Fig. 6

a fighting stone according to the invention, which is arranged opposite the stone according to FIG. 3,

Fig. 7

an abutment stone for the fighting stone in a plan view,

Fig. 8

7 in a side view,

Fig. 9

another embodiment of the support arch structure according to the invention,

Fig. 10

9 is a top view,

Fig. 11

another embodiment of a supporting arch structure according to the invention,

Fig. 12

another embodiment of a supporting arch structure according to the invention,

Fig. 13

the installation situation of a supporting arch structure according to the invention, in particular when installing in an existing masonry,

Fig. 14

a supporting arch construction with divided keystone and adapter stone according to the prior art.

A supporting arch structure 1 according to the invention (FIGS. 1, 2) has two opposing abutment stones or elements 2, each an abutment vault resting on the abutment stones 2 3 or fighter stone 3 and between the fighter stones 3 den Support arch 4, which consists of a plurality of similar support arch stones 5 is formed.

The abutment stones 2 are essentially cuboid and have a bottom wall 6, a rear wall 7, a Top wall 8, two side walls 9 and a front or Bearing wall 10 on. The front or bearing wall 10 has adjacent to the bottom wall 6 is a narrow one, to the rear wall 7 parallel wall section 11. Above the wall section 11 extends a bearing surface 12 in a predetermined Angle at an angle to the rear wall 7 and closes with the ceiling wall 8 from. The bearing surface 12 of the bearing wall 10 is flat educated. A fighting stone 3 is supported on the bearing surface 12.

The fighter stone 3 has a bearing wall 15, one of the bearing walls 15 opposite support wall 16, two parallel, these connecting side walls 17 and a ceiling wall 18th and a bottom wall 19.

The fighter stone 3 is slightly wedge-shaped, whereby the fighting stone 3 from its top wall 18 to the bottom wall 19 tapered.

The support wall 16 has a contour, which is used to the next supporting arch stone 5 a defined, the location to achieve the positive locking of the stones.

The contour consists for example of a paragraph 20 or a Step 20 in the support wall 16 (Fig. 4, 6).

From level 20, the fighting stone 3 narrows to Bottom wall 19 down. The stage 20 has an arched arch Course and extends approximately from the middle of a side wall 17 to the opposite side wall 17, the Step 20 (Fig. 1) is arched down to the bottom wall 19. The step 20 runs obliquely or inclined, the step 20 has a ramp angle α which is 30 ° to 60 °, in particular 45 ° is.

The actual supporting arch 4 is made from the supporting arch stones 5 educated. The supporting arch stones 5 are wedge-shaped, with a front support wall 25 and a rear support wall 26, from a common ceiling wall 27 to a common Bottom wall 28 run towards each other. Also owns the supporting arch stone 5 two the front and rear supporting wall 25, 26 connecting flat side walls 29. The front support wall 25 and rear support wall 26 each have a contour on. The contour of the support wall 25 has, for example Level 30, which extends obliquely at the angle α. With the Level 30, the supporting arch stone 5 tapers from the ceiling wall 27 to the bottom wall 28 in steps. Level 30 is corresponding the level 20 of the fighting stone 3 is formed and runs arched like an arch and thus extends approximately from the middle of a side wall 29 to the opposite side wall 29, the step 30 down to the bottom wall 28 is concave.

The rear support wall 26 also has a contour, the contour of the rear support wall 26, for example there is a step 31 which extends obliquely at the angle α. With level 31, the supporting arch stone 5 expands the top wall 27 to the bottom wall 28 step-like. The Step 31 is arched and preferably extends at level 30 from one side wall 29 to the opposite Side wall 29, the level 31 corresponding to level 30 in the direction of the bottom wall 28 convex runs. The stage 20 and the stage 31 are corresponding trained together that a on the fighter stone 3rd supporting arch stone 5 with its rear supporting wall 26 rests on the support wall 16, the step 20 in the step 31 engages positively and the ceiling wall 18 and the Bottom wall 19 of the fighting stone 3 with the top wall 27 and the bottom wall 28 of the subsequent supporting arch stone 5 closes. The side walls 17 of the fighting stone 3 and Side walls 29 of the supporting arch stone 5 run here alignment. The contours of the rear support wall 26 and the front supporting wall 25 of the supporting arch stones 5 correspond in such a way that the supporting arch stones also with the Side walls in alignment and with top and bottom walls are finally interlocked. Through her The wedge shape of defined wedge shape results in an arc of defined length and span. The first fighting stone 3 opposite is on the opposite abutment stone a second fighter stone 3 is arranged, which of the contour the support wall 16 ago, as described above, with the Contour of the front supporting wall 25 of the supporting arch stone 5 corresponds, i.e. has a contour that the rear support wall 26 corresponds to a supporting arch stone 5.

In a further embodiment (FIGS. 9, 10) the Levels 20, 30, 31 oval, especially pointed oval from the respective Top wall 18 or 27 forth to bottom wall 17 or 28, whereby in the walls 26 towards the ceiling wall opening recesses 35 and in the walls 16 and 25 themselves to the respective ceiling wall 18 or 27 widening lugs or Form bulges 36. The lugs 36 of a stone 3, 5 grip when the supporting arch is assembled in the recesses 35 of the adjacent stone form-fitting, the flanks of the Levels 20, 30, 31 are also form-fitting on top of each other.

In addition, the step 20, 30, 31 can also be wavy Have course (Fig. 11) or from the side walls 17, 29 forth parallel to the bottom wall 28, 19 a piece run to the middle of the stone and then bend on both sides, so that an upward or downward triangular point or parallelogram-shaped or rectangular or square nose 37 or recess 38 is formed in the course of the step (Fig. 12).

In contrast to the previously known tongue and groove designs offers the formation of a stage according to the invention, in particular a concave / convex step, the advantage that such steps can be produced inexpensively because of the concave / convex shape compared to the angled or semicircular tongue and groove shape can be machined more easily. Further offer the stages of the invention by the from this form resulting radian of the step a significantly larger area for absorbing the weight loads that act on this support arch. Prior art designs have significantly less space to accommodate appropriate loads what leads to stress-related material breakage in many cases. The Chamfering according to the invention has the advantage that it is used for reduction contributes to the notch effect. The horizontal to the layer direction running, concave or convex step offers in connection with the uniform construction of the vault the advantage that a continuous joint in the central area of the top vertex does not arise. There are continuous joints from both a thermomechanical and thermochemical point of view basically weak point of a supporting arch or vault structure, because this reduced gas leakage on the one hand and reduced on the other Mold or power fluid are caused. The Supporting arch structure according to the invention also has the advantage that since only uniform supporting arch stones are used, there is an even distribution of stress in the supporting arch. in the In contrast, an inhomogeneous one arises in the prior art Construction by using several different shaped formats.

Using calculations using the finite element method be found that the static load capacity of the invention Supporting arch structure significantly above that previously known arch structures. In particular, one uniform homogeneous stress distribution can be demonstrated.

The method according to the invention for creating is described below of a supporting arch explained. To the support arch according to the invention to create a framework or a teaching sheet, which is from an abutment block 2 or an abutment element 2 to the opposite abutment block 2 or abutment element 2 extends. The arch has an upward curvature which corresponds to that of the supporting arch to be created. Now first of all on a bearing surface 12 of an abutment block 2 a fighting stone 3 or abutment arch 3 with its bearing wall 15 hung up. The bearing wall 15 of the fighting stone 3 preferably closes on all sides with the bearing surface 12 of the abutment block 2 from. Then, up to the top vertex of the supporting arch supporting stones 5 each form-fitting applied to the previous stone, the first supporting arch stone 5 form-fitting to those resting on the abutment block 2 Fighter stone 3 is created. After crossing the top Vertices, the following are created during installation or stones to be created using a special assembly adhesive fixed against each other. After creating the last vault stone can the opposing fighting stone 3 or abutment-Wölber 3 in the supporting arch structure between the abutment block 2 and the last supporting arch stone 5 are used.

By precisely laying the stones dry before the actual one Installation in the furnace system are the exact dimensions of the abutments determinable. The invention provides for the compensation of Length changes or tolerances in stone production one Bundle with support stones 5 different thickness fighter stones 3, for example, two each of a variety. This has the Advantage that the much larger number of stones, namely the Supporting arches 5, can always be made the same while the fighter stones, which are produced as special formats anyway 3 can be produced in different thicknesses. For example, in the event that, despite careful preparatory work the intended last fighting stone 3 or abutment-Wölber 3 should not fit exactly, from this fighting stone 3 one each by +2 mm and one by -2 mm, based on the wedge, varying alternative format included. Through this Possibility of variation becomes an optimal one even with dimensional deviations Installation achieved.

In the installed state (FIG. 13), the supporting arch 4 extends with its supporting arch stones 5 between the abutment stones 2 or the abutment vaults 3 or fighter stones 3 above of the arch 4 extends the further masonry 40, wherein usually between the masonry 40 and the supporting arch 4 a Leveling mortar layer 41, especially after repairs is.

According to the invention, it is sufficient to remove a defective supporting arch usually from breaking out this layer of mortar 41 and then the last used abutment-Wölber 3 or Fighter stone 3 by the height h of the curvature of level 20 upwards to lift up into the area of the leveling layer that has broken out and remove. Possibly. can this fighter stone 3 together with the next following arch stone 5a moved up together when the movement of a single stone is blocked. Conversely, with a suitable choice of step height or the height of the compensation layer 41, the stones 3, 5 of the total Then replace the supporting arch 4 without - as in the state of the Technology common - the masonry above broken out must be, since this only with the change of the last stone must be sunk into the stone structure from above. Therefor However, according to the invention there is sufficient space.

In the method according to the invention it is advantageous that the Previously time and costly masonry of the over the supporting arch existing masonry can be omitted in repair cases.

Claims (29)

Supporting arch structure, especially for industrial furnaces, the Support arch structure two abutment elements (2) or stones (2) as well as one abutment vault each against the abutment (2) (3) or fighter stone (3), between which the supporting arch (4) extends arcuately, wherein the supporting arch (4) consists of a plurality of identical ones Supporting arch stones (5) is formed. Structure according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the supporting arch stones (5) have a first contour on one wall (25) and a second contour on the opposite wall (26) which can be engaged, in particular in a form-fitting manner, which corresponds to the first. Structure according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
a fighter stone (3) has the first contour and a fighter stone (3) has the second contour. Structure according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the fighter stones (3) and the supporting arch stones (5) have an essentially wedge-shaped shape that tapers from the top of the arch to the underside of the arch. Structure according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the contour is formed in each case by a step (20, 30, 31) formed on a wall (25, 26, 16), the step being arranged obliquely from an upper wall plane to a lower-lying wall plane at an angle α. Structure according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the abutment stones or elements (2) are essentially cuboid and have a bottom wall (6), a rear wall (7), a top wall (8), two side walls (9) and a front or bearing wall (10), the front or bearing wall (10) adjacent to the bottom wall (6) has a narrow wall section (11) running parallel to the rear wall (7) and above the wall section (11) a bearing surface (12) is inclined at a predetermined angle Rear wall (7) extends and ends with the ceiling wall (8). Structure according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the bearing surface (12) of the bearing wall (10) is flat. Structure according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
a fighting stone (3) is mounted on the bearing surface (12). Structure according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the fighter stone (3) has a bearing wall (15), a support wall (16) opposite the bearing wall (15), two parallel side walls (17) connecting these, as well as a ceiling wall (18) and a bottom wall (19) opposite this, whereby the fighter stone (3) tapers from its top wall (18) to the bottom wall (19). Structure according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the supporting wall (16) has a contour in order to achieve a positive connection with a following supporting arch stone (5). Structure according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the supporting arch stones (5) are wedge-shaped, with a front supporting wall (25) and a rear supporting wall (26), which are arranged to run from a common top wall (27) to a common bottom wall (28), the front and rear supporting walls (25, 26) are connected by two flat side walls (29). Structure according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the front support wall (25) and the rear support wall (26) each have a contour. Structure according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the step (20, 30, 31) forming the contour runs obliquely at a ramp angle α which is 30 ° to 60 °, in particular 45 °. Structure according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the step (20, 30, 31) from one side wall (17, 29) to the opposite side wall (17, 29) is arched concave or convex. Structure according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the step (20) runs in a circular segment. Structure according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the step (20) is oval. Structure according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the step (20, 30, 31) is wavy. Structure according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the step from the side walls (17, 29) initially runs parallel to the bottom walls (28, 19) and bends in the middle of the side wall (17, 29) coming from both sides, so that an upward or downward, essentially triangular or parallelogram-shaped or rectangular or square nose (37) or recess (38) is formed in the course of the step. Structure according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the step (20, 30, 31) extends from the top wall (18, 27) or bottom wall (19, 28) in an arc-like manner, with recesses (35) or opening in the walls (16, 26) towards the top wall or bottom wall noses or bulges (36) widening towards the respective ceiling wall (18, 27). Structure according to claim 19,
characterized in that
the step is pointed oval, oval, circular, jagged, stepped or otherwise contoured. Process for creating a supporting arch with a supporting arch structure according to one of the preceding claims, wherein on a first abutment element (2) or a first one Abutment stone (2) created a first fighter stone (3) and then supporting arch stones (5) on the fighter stones (3) or the following supporting arch stones (5) with a positive fit be placed up to the place of an opposite one second fighter stone (3) and finally the second fighter stone (3) form-fitting between the last supporting arch stone (5) and the second abutment block (2) is set. 22. The method of claim 21,
characterized in that
the supporting arch stones (5) or fighter stones (3) are fixed to one another for easier assembly and / or alignment. The method of claim 21 or 22,
characterized in that
the supporting arch stones (5) or fighter stones (3) are fixed to one another with clamps, scaffolding, thin-bed mortar or adhesives. Method according to one of claims 21 to 23,
characterized in that
the fighter stones (3) and the supporting arch (4) are placed on a teaching arch, the teaching arch being arranged between the abutment stones (2). Method according to one of claims 21 to 24,
characterized in that
the fighter stones (3) and supporting arch stones (5) are laid so that their side walls (17, 29) are aligned. Method according to one of claims 21 to 25,
characterized in that
To compensate for manufacturing tolerances or dimensional inaccuracies, fighter blocks (3) with appropriate oversize or undersize are installed. The method of claim 26
characterized in that
To adapt the last fighter stone (3) to the supporting arch, a fighter stone (3) is selected from three fighter stones, each with undersize, normal dimension and oversize based on the wedge. Use of a supporting arch structure according to one of the claims 1 to 20 for supporting arches in lime shaft kilns. Use of a supporting arch structure according to one of the claims 1 to 20 for barrel vaults.

Images