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EP1255078A1 - Catalyseur - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP1255078A1
EP1255078A1 EP02405326A EP02405326A EP1255078A1 EP 1255078 A1 EP1255078 A1 EP 1255078A1 EP 02405326 A EP02405326 A EP 02405326A EP 02405326 A EP02405326 A EP 02405326A EP 1255078 A1 EP1255078 A1 EP 1255078A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sector
channels
catalyst
sectors
following
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02405326A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Richard Dr. Carroni
Timothy Dr. Griffin
Verena Dr. Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GE Vernova GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Schweiz AG filed Critical Alstom Schweiz AG
Publication of EP1255078A1 publication Critical patent/EP1255078A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/40—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the use of catalytic means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a catalyst for burning part of a Gaseous fuel-oxidizer mixture flowing through the catalyst, in particular for a burner of a power plant, with the characteristics of Preamble of claim 1.
  • catalysts of the type mentioned each of which has several catalytically active Have channels and several catalytically inactive channels.
  • the well-known catalysts are made with the help of zigzag-shaped corrugated or folded sheets manufactured, layered by spiral winding or by folding back and forth become. The waves or folds then form the channels of the catalyst.
  • One side of each sheet is coated with a catalyst catalytically active. The layering thus makes them catalytic active channels and the catalytically inactive channels. It is possible the catalyst coating transverse to the main flow direction in strips to be arranged on the sheet, so that in the main flow direction of the catalyst an uncoated strip is arranged between two coated strips is.
  • No. 4,154,568 discloses a catalytic converter of a fundamentally different type, the one with several, one behind the other in the main flow direction Monolith blocks is equipped.
  • the monolith blocks contain channels which are all catalytically active and parallel to the main flow direction run.
  • the channels of a downstream monolith block have one smaller flow cross-section than that of the upstream monolith block. This is intended to completely burn the fuel-oxidizer mixture can be achieved within the catalyst, while in the generic Catalysts only part of the gas mixture is to be burned.
  • the combustion of lean natural gas-air mixtures requires temperatures of about 500 ° C. With special catalyst materials, the ignition temperature can rise to 450 ° C or less.
  • the ignition reaction is the combustion reaction kinetically limited.
  • An increase in the catalytic activity of the catalyst leads to very high temperatures after igniting the combustion reaction, which are unsuitable for long-term operation of the catalytic converter. Accordingly is only a part of the mixture in the known catalysts burned.
  • the remaining fuel should e.g. in a suitable combustion chamber converted by homogeneous combustion become. However, if the fuel-oxidizer mixture is already inside the catalyst If it gets too hot, homogeneous combustion can also take place there Start channels, which will destroy the catalyst.
  • a catalyst structure can be achieved in which about half of all the channels are completely catalytically coated, while the other half of the channels are uncoated. This can effectively reduce the temperature rise in the catalytic converter, since the combustion of the mixture in the catalytic converter is limited to the catalytically active channels and therefore to about 50%. While almost no fuel emerges from the catalytically active channels, virtually unchanged mixture flows out of the catalytically inactive channels. This results in a high fluctuation in the fuel concentration at the catalyst outlet.
  • a catalyst with catalytically active channels and catalytically inactive Channels can be the catalyst temperature or the outlet temperature of the gas mixture be set so low that the catalyst is adequate Has stability.
  • one homogeneous combustion such as that used to generate hot gases is required to operate a gas turbine of a power plant, thermally To be able to stabilize, however, relatively high temperatures are required.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention as set out in the claims is concerned with the problem for a catalyst of type to provide an improved embodiment.
  • the invention is based on the general idea that the catalyst in the Main flow direction in at least two arranged one behind the other Subdivide sectors, these sectors according to a first variant with regard their flow resistances are designed so that the upstream side the inlet sector of the catalyst has a smaller flow resistance owns as the subsequent sector or sectors.
  • the reduced pressure loss in the inlet sector can reduce the total pressure loss of the catalyst be lowered. Overall, the catalyst can be made shorter become.
  • the sectors of the catalyst can be designed in this way be that the inlet sector has a higher catalytic activity than the subsequent sector or sectors. This measure results in Inlet sector increased conversion rates for the fuel-oxidizer mixture, whereby higher temperatures are reached and the catalytic reactions in subsequent sectors even with a reduced catalytic activity in can run sufficiently.
  • a mixing sector can be arranged downstream of the inlet sector, the channels of which have holes transverse to the main flow direction, through which neighboring channels communicate with one another and thus enable gas or mass transfer between the channels.
  • This design allows the hot combustion exhaust gas flowing in the catalytically active channels to be mixed with the relatively cold, unburned fuel-oxidizer mixture flowing in the catalytically inactive channels in the mixing sector.
  • the degree of conversion in particular over 50%, can be increased within the catalyst.
  • concentration gradients at the catalyst outlet can be reduced by this measure. Temperature peaks and the formation of pollutants, in particular the formation of NO x , can thereby be reduced.
  • one having the outflow side of the catalytic converter Outlet sector can be designed as a swirl generator, which flows through Swirl applied to the gas mixture.
  • This measure creates a swirl flow downstream of the catalytic converter, which, given the appropriate dimensioning enables downstream of the catalyst, especially in a combustion chamber, improve homogeneous and stable combustion.
  • Through the swirl flow can occur in the combustion chamber, especially in connection with an abrupt Cross-sectional enlargement recirculation zones are generated, the one Shape and stabilize the flame front in the combustion chamber.
  • a burner arrangement 1 comprises a feed line 2 and a combustion chamber 3, which extends over an abrupt cross-sectional expansion 4 connects to the feed line 2.
  • a burner serving catalyst 5 arranged according to the invention, which can be flowed through is formed and symbolized by arrows on its upstream side 6 Fuel-oxidizer mixture 7 is applied.
  • the burner arrangement 1 serves for example for the generation of hot gases for a turbine, in particular one Gas turbine, a power plant.
  • the catalyst 5 according to the invention has a large number of Channels 8, which extend substantially parallel to each other and the Catalyst 5 in its main flow direction, symbolized by an arrow 9 enforce. It is particularly important that some of the channels 8 as catalytically active channels 8a and the others as catalytically inactive channels 8i are formed. For example, the catalytic activity by a appropriate catalyst coating of the catalyst support structure is formed be, while the catalytically inactive areas are then uncoated. Appropriately, catalytically active channels 8a and catalytically inactive alternate Channels 8i as regularly as possible to ensure an even temperature distribution to achieve in the catalyst 5.
  • the catalyst 5 can be produced, for example, by a corrugated or folded band-shaped web material 10 which, for example, consists of consists of a metal sheet, is wound spirally on a spindle 11. The The winding can then be held in shape with the aid of tension wires 12.
  • the Catalyst 5 thus forms a relatively easy-to-use unit.
  • a second web material also from the first web material Metal sheet, hang up and wind this composite on the spindle 11.
  • the second web material can also be corrugated or folded, the corrugation or distinguish fold patterns of the web materials from one another, such that that superimposed channels 8 intersect one or more times to to achieve a dimensionally stable packing for the catalyst 5.
  • the second web material but can also be flat or smooth to the radial positioning to ensure the channels 8.
  • FIG. 3 shows the structure of the catalytic converter 5 for a special embodiment represented in a highly simplified manner, this representation being exemplified by shows a section in the interior of the catalyst 5 in the circumferential direction. recognizable are accordingly some of the individual, adjacent channels 8 or 8a and 8i.
  • the catalyst 5 according to the invention is in several, here four, sectors I to IV divided, with the individual sectors I to IV in the main flow direction 9 are arranged one behind the other.
  • Fig. 2 are the individual sectors I to IV symbolized by curly brackets, while the sector boundaries in Fig. 3 are indicated by vertical lines.
  • Sectors I to IV are a leading inlet sector I, which has the inflow side 6 of the catalyst 5. Downstream of the inlet sector l is immediately followed by an intermediate sector II. To this intermediate sector II immediately follows a mixed sector III. The rear sector comprises an outflow side 13 of the catalyst 5 and thus forms an outlet sector IV.
  • the inlet sector I is designed to have a smaller flow resistance owns as the immediately following intermediate sector II.
  • the Flow resistance of inlet sector I is also less than the flow resistance the mixed sector III and the outlet sector IV.
  • This Construction is the pressure loss when entering the channels 8 of the catalyst 5th reduced, thereby reducing the total pressure drop across the catalyst 5. This is achieved, for example, in that the channels 8 and 8a of the inlet sector I a smaller inclination with respect to the main flow direction 9 have than the channels 8 of the subsequent intermediate sector II or all following sectors II to IV.
  • channels 8 or 8a of the inlet sector 1 also have a slope with the value zero, that is the channels 8 and 8a of the inlet sector I then run parallel to the main flow direction 9th
  • the channels 8 in the inlet sector I. or 8a formed as in the following sectors II to IV there are fewer channels 8 in the inlet sector I. or 8a formed as in the following sectors II to IV thereby the channels 8 and 8a of the inlet sector I have larger flow cross-sections have larger than channels 8 of the following sectors II to IV Flow cross-sections facilitate the ignition or the start of the catalytic Reaction because the transport of heat and material transversely to the catalytic active channel wall, especially under laminar conditions, reciprocal is proportional to the distance from the duct wall. Through these measures the inlet sector I has a lower flow resistance than the following ones Sectors II to IV.
  • inlet sector I While in inlet sector I the lower cell density (Number of channels 8 per cross-sectional area) improved ignition, increased in the following sectors II to IV the greater cell density the turnover or the Conversion of the fuel.
  • Intermediate sector II turbulators may be arranged increase the flow resistance in the intermediate sector II compared to the inlet sector I, but improve the mixing of the gases in the channels 8 with the consequence that in the catalytically active channels 8a the catalytic reaction rate and in the catalytically inactive channels 8i the heat transfer to the Flow can be increased.
  • the inlet sector I can be designed in this way be that it has a higher catalytic activity than the following ones Sectors II to IV. This is achieved, for example, by the fact that for the inlet sector I used a catalyst material that has a higher catalytic activity has as the catalyst material that for the following sectors II to IV is used.
  • the precious metal content e.g. palladium and / or platinum
  • adjacent channels 8 or 8a and 8i can communicate with one another, to achieve a gas or mass transfer between the channels 8.
  • the channels 8 contain transverse to the main flow direction Holes 14 through which the desired mass or gas exchange between adjacent channels 8 can take place. Accordingly, there is a Mixing of the (partially) burned mixture of the catalytically active channels 8a with the (essentially) unburned mixture of the catalytically inactive Channels 8i. If catalytically active channels 8a are also formed in mixing sector III are the degree of conversion of the flow flowing through the catalyst 5 be further increased, especially to values above 50%. In the area of holes 14 can overflow aids, e.g. Wing, be formed, the Support gas exchange between adjacent channels 8.
  • the outlet sector IV is in the embodiment shown here as a swirl generator trained, that is, the outlet sector IV acts on the flowing through it Gas mixture with a swirl.
  • the channels 8 and 8a and 8i of the Outlet sector IV essentially parallel to one another and opposite to the main flow direction 9 inclined.
  • the channels 8 of the outlet sector are expedient IV inclined more towards the main flow direction 9 than the channels 8 of the immediately preceding mixed sector III or each preceding one Sectors I to III.
  • This swirl flow is symbolized in FIG. 1 by an arrow 15. 1 the catalyst 5 is arranged immediately before the cross-sectional jump 4.
  • the Swirl flow 15 can therefore burst open immediately when it enters combustion chamber 3, thereby creating a central recirculation zone 16 in the combustion chamber 8 and can form a radially outer outer recirculation zone 17.
  • the recirculation zones 16 and 17 are thereby by vortex rollers 18th or 19 formed, which are symbolized in Fig. 1 by closed arrow lines. Generate or stabilize and position these recirculation zones 16 and 17 in the combustion chamber 3 a flame front 20, which is a homogeneous combustion of the mixture emerging from the catalyst 5 ensured.
  • the channels 8 are in the intermediate sector II with respect to the main flow direction 9 in a first direction, according to Fig. 3 downward, while the channels 8 in all other sectors I, III and IV with respect to the main flow direction 9 in the opposite 3 are inclined upwards.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
EP02405326A 2001-04-30 2002-04-22 Catalyseur Withdrawn EP1255078A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US28699701P 2001-04-30 2001-04-30
US286997P 2001-04-30
CH22992001 2001-12-14
CH22992001 2001-12-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1255078A1 true EP1255078A1 (fr) 2002-11-06

Family

ID=25739054

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02405326A Withdrawn EP1255078A1 (fr) 2001-04-30 2002-04-22 Catalyseur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US7182920B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1255078A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO328539B1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004020094A1 (fr) * 2002-08-30 2004-03-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Catalyseur
EP1491824A3 (fr) * 2003-06-27 2012-08-15 Alstom Technology Ltd Réacteur catalytique et procédé d'utilisation correspondant

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1255078A1 (fr) 2001-04-30 2002-11-06 ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd Catalyseur
WO2004020902A1 (fr) * 2002-08-30 2004-03-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Procede et dispositif de melange de flux fluidiques
EP1510761A1 (fr) * 2003-08-13 2005-03-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de combustion d'un combustible fluide ainsi que brûleur, en particulier de turbine à gaz, pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé
GB2447707B (en) * 2007-03-23 2009-11-11 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc Combustion tube and method for combusting a sample for combustion analysis
WO2014154931A1 (fr) * 2013-03-27 2014-10-02 Oilon Oy Procédé et appareil pour brûler des hydrocarbures et d'autres liquides et gaz
US9360214B2 (en) * 2013-04-08 2016-06-07 General Electric Company Catalytic combustion air heating system
BR112021002468A2 (pt) * 2018-08-10 2021-07-27 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. dispositivo catalisador

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4154568A (en) * 1977-05-24 1979-05-15 Acurex Corporation Catalytic combustion process and apparatus
JPS57115609A (en) * 1981-01-09 1982-07-19 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Combustion apparatus for catalyst
JPS57210207A (en) * 1981-06-22 1982-12-23 Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind Mounting method for catalyst in catalytic combustion apparatus
EP0433223A1 (fr) * 1989-12-11 1991-06-19 Sulzer Chemtech AG Corps de catalyseur et réacteur pour des réactions hétérogènes
WO1993025852A1 (fr) * 1992-06-16 1993-12-23 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Combustion catalytique
US6179608B1 (en) * 1999-05-28 2001-01-30 Precision Combustion, Inc. Swirling flashback arrestor

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BG40018A1 (en) 1983-07-01 1986-10-15 Nikolov Reactor for carrying out high exothermic and endothermic catalytic processes
US5346389A (en) * 1989-02-24 1994-09-13 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Combustion apparatus for high-temperature environment
US5202303A (en) * 1989-02-24 1993-04-13 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Combustion apparatus for high-temperature environment
US5403559A (en) * 1989-07-18 1995-04-04 Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Device for cleaning exhaust gases of motor vehicles
GB9027331D0 (en) * 1990-12-18 1991-02-06 Ici Plc Catalytic combustion
DE10119035A1 (de) * 2001-04-18 2002-10-24 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Katalytisch arbeitender Brenner
EP1255079A1 (fr) * 2001-04-30 2002-11-06 ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd Catalyseur
EP1255078A1 (fr) 2001-04-30 2002-11-06 ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd Catalyseur

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4154568A (en) * 1977-05-24 1979-05-15 Acurex Corporation Catalytic combustion process and apparatus
JPS57115609A (en) * 1981-01-09 1982-07-19 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Combustion apparatus for catalyst
JPS57210207A (en) * 1981-06-22 1982-12-23 Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind Mounting method for catalyst in catalytic combustion apparatus
EP0433223A1 (fr) * 1989-12-11 1991-06-19 Sulzer Chemtech AG Corps de catalyseur et réacteur pour des réactions hétérogènes
WO1993025852A1 (fr) * 1992-06-16 1993-12-23 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Combustion catalytique
US6179608B1 (en) * 1999-05-28 2001-01-30 Precision Combustion, Inc. Swirling flashback arrestor

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 006, no. 210 (M - 166) 22 October 1982 (1982-10-22) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 068 (M - 201) 19 March 1983 (1983-03-19) *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004020094A1 (fr) * 2002-08-30 2004-03-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Catalyseur
EP1491824A3 (fr) * 2003-06-27 2012-08-15 Alstom Technology Ltd Réacteur catalytique et procédé d'utilisation correspondant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO328539B1 (no) 2010-03-15
US7934925B2 (en) 2011-05-03
NO20022035L (no) 2002-10-31
US20070128093A1 (en) 2007-06-07
US7182920B2 (en) 2007-02-27
US20020182555A1 (en) 2002-12-05
NO20022035D0 (no) 2002-04-29

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