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EP1253986B1 - Procede et dispositif de fabrication de corps coules en metal - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de fabrication de corps coules en metal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1253986B1
EP1253986B1 EP00936838A EP00936838A EP1253986B1 EP 1253986 B1 EP1253986 B1 EP 1253986B1 EP 00936838 A EP00936838 A EP 00936838A EP 00936838 A EP00936838 A EP 00936838A EP 1253986 B1 EP1253986 B1 EP 1253986B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
die
bloom
casting
diameter
mold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00936838A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1253986A1 (fr
Inventor
Harald Holzgruber
Wolfgang Holzgruber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inteco Internationale Techinsche Beratung GmbH
Original Assignee
Inteco Internationale Techinsche Beratung GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inteco Internationale Techinsche Beratung GmbH filed Critical Inteco Internationale Techinsche Beratung GmbH
Publication of EP1253986A1 publication Critical patent/EP1253986A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1253986B1 publication Critical patent/EP1253986B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/008—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of clad ingots, i.e. the molten metal being cast against a continuous strip forming part of the cast product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
    • B22D23/10—Electroslag casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for the production of castings according to the preamble of Claim 1.
  • Freckles are occasional point or spot-shaped segregations that occur during solidification high alloy blocks occur along the dendrites can, if the alloy contains elements whose Density differs significantly from the density of the base alloy different. So there are iron or nickel based alloys, the high levels of specifically light elements, such as Ti or Al, but also specifically heavy elements such as W, Nb, Ta, included, particularly susceptible to this error. While for blocks of smaller dimensions up to 400 to 500 mm block diameter of these defects only sporadically and only occurs under unfavorable remelting conditions, is the production of flawless blocks with larger diameter even with the best control of the remelting conditions almost impossible. This is on it attributed to that in the manufacture of large remelting blocks inevitable long solidification times and large swamp volumes on the one hand a rough solidification structure result in segregation processes favor.
  • DE 196 14 182 C discloses a short water-cooled, mold open at the bottom for the production of blocks or strands, in which a casting mirror is made by an electrically conductive Slag is covered, in which the block or strand in the shaped lower part and either by lifting the Mold or withdrawn by lowering the block or strand becomes.
  • the mold wall is at least one that is not directly water-cooled, current-conducting element installed so that it on the one hand comes into contact with the slag bath as well on the other hand, not to the level of the liquid metal enough; over this completely below the surface element of the slag bath is a contact a power source.
  • From US-A-5 799 721 is a process for remelting especially of steels as well as Ni and Co base alloys, to one strand by melting off at least one self-consuming Electrode in an electrically conductive Slag bath, the ratio of the cross-sectional area one or more consumable electrodes to the cross-sectional area of the strand to be produced as a casting cross section selected greater than 0.5 and a melting rate in kg / h is set which is 1.5 times to 30 times the Strand diameter corresponds; the one deviating from the round cross-section equivalent strand diameter becomes the circumference of the casting cross section.
  • the melting rate in kg / h corresponds to 5 to 15 times the equivalent calculated from the scope of the pouring cross-section Strand diameter, and the ratio of the cross-sectional area / n the melting electrode / s to the cross-sectional area the casting cross-section is equal to or greater than 1.0, with the strand in the lower, narrow part of the funnel mold is formed as well as the slag bath to expand into it upper part is enough.
  • the ESU mold In a process for making castings from metal according to GB-A-1 568 746, the ESU mold with electrical insulated water-cooled current-conducting elements. Solid metal is continuously added to the slag bath Form of granules fed to a bloom in any Pour length. Such granules have solid Condition a higher density than both the slag bath and also the liquid metal of the melting sump, with the result that such granules very quickly through the hot Slag and fall there due to the short dwell time do not melt or only partially melt. Get unmelted Particles in the liquid metal sump, so they also sink there due to their higher density the phase boundary solid-liquid. But there they melt no longer because there is not enough in this area There is more heat available.
  • the inventor was aware of this state of the art set the goal of a technically feasible process for the production of largely segregation and in particular Freckel-free metal castings, in particular made of high-alloy steels as well as Ni and Co base alloys large size after an electroslag or smelting Casting method using a known per se short, current-carrying, water-cooled mold, to create in the wall there are current-conducting, not directly water-cooled Elements electrically insulated from the cast body forming part of the mold are installed.
  • the casting or melting speed is set in this way is that the resulting swamp depth is one after segregation-free solidification directed above.
  • the average casting or Melting speed in kg / h to adjust that they are between 0.25 times and 5 times the sum from equivalent bloom diameter and mold diameter in mm, with the equivalent diameter for shapes deviating from round cross sections by the quotient Scope / ⁇ is determined.
  • the casting or melting speed in the range between 0.8 and 1.5 times the sum of the equivalents Diameter according to the above Connection set becomes.
  • the preliminary block required to carry out the procedure is preferably by a remelting process with self-consumable Electrode made, here a block dimension is selected, which ensures a fine-grained structure and with which an occurrence of Freckling and segregations can be avoided.
  • a block dimension is selected, which ensures a fine-grained structure and with which an occurrence of Freckling and segregations can be avoided.
  • the bloom block also by an electric slag or other casting process can be made as long as one sufficient freedom from freckles and segregation ensured is.
  • the bloom preheat to a temperature of up to 800 ° C.
  • the block is doubled with an alloy, which has the same chemical composition as the bloom having.
  • the one tough core and wear-resistant surface must - the bloom can be completely with an alloy different composition can be doubled.
  • the liquid slag bath is always at the level of the Mold wall built-in, not directly water-cooled and electrically insulated from the rest of the mold Elements is because there is a power supply line into the slag bath.
  • the return line the current then takes place via the bloom or Base plate on which the bloom is resting.
  • the pre-prepared block is used to start the process on one - in the clear mold opening - Chair put on, either water-cooled - and thus reusable - be or even from the same Material like the bloom can exist.
  • the chair with that the pre-block sitting on it is initially in the mold positioned that its top edge is straight with the Upper edge of the lower, water-cooled, the new block surface forming part of the mold.
  • a pre-melted slag desired composition in the gap between the bloom and poured mold wall, allowing a current to flow begins as soon as the slag level in the area of current-conducting elements in the mold wall.
  • Raising the mold or lowering the base plate with the chair can be continuous again in a manner known per se or in steps, the middle Lifting or pulling speed again accordingly on the Metal feed speed must be matched.
  • step by step it must be ensured that the Single step must not be greater than the height of the in the mold wall built current-conducting elements.
  • On every lifting step is followed by a pause until the Slag level again close to the original level has reached. If you work step by step, you can continue A return stroke is switched on between the trigger stroke step and the pause be, then trigger stroke, return stroke and pause so on each other must be matched to that of the middle Metal feed rate.
  • the liquid is poured Metal or melting of the added solid Metal parts preferably under a protective gas atmosphere controlled composition and pressure; the controlled vacuum is in the range between 1 and 600 mbar is set, in case of overpressure more preferred as 2 bar.
  • the current conducting element 16 and the chair 22 are via high current lines 26, 26a with one pole each of an equal or AC power source 28 connected.
  • To start the process is liquid slag from a vessel in the Mold 10 and the ingot 24 limited mold gap poured, until a slag level 32 of an emerging Slag bath 31 of height e approximately the upper edge of the current conducting element 16 has reached.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the repeated radial doubling of a pre-block 24 that has already been doubled once by applying a further doubled layer 38 a in a mold 10 with a larger inner diameter d.
  • a slag with 70% CaF 2 and 15% Al 2 O 3 and CaO was used for the remelting.
  • the slag bath height e was set to 14 cm and the power supply to the slag bath 31 was kept in the range from 350 to 380 kW at a melt current between 9.0 and 10.0 kA.
  • the remelting time was just under 10 hours, of which about 25 minutes. for starting, about 8 h 45 min. for the block construction and almost 50 min. for the hottopping.
  • the block was cooled and removed from the mold.
  • the block had a smooth surface and had a diameter of 404 mm when cold.
  • the weight was 3060 kg.
  • This pre-block 24 thus produced was then placed in an electro-slag remelting plant with a lowerable base plate 20 on the water-cooled base plate chair 22 of an electrically conductive mold 10 with an inner diameter d of 700 mm and the upper edge of the chair 22 to just below the upper edge of the lower water-cooled part 12 permanently installed mold 10 in the work platform.
  • the main switch of the power supply was then switched on and the voltage was set to 70 V, with no current being measured yet.
  • This doubled block 24 was then in a current-conducting mold 10 with a working diameter of 965 mm inserted and the process of Repeated doubling or armoring (cladding) again, the following parameters were set. It became 95 kg of liquid slag of the same composition used. At a voltage of 60 V, the current rose again pouring in the slag within 12 min. of 3.5 kA to 17.0 kA, with an output of 1020 kW. Portions of liquid metal were added every minute 34 of the same chemical composition of 24 each kg poured in, the lowering took place again every 30 seconds, the individual lifting steps were 3.9 mm. This The process was continued until - after 5 h 35 min. -the entire length was doubled. After a cooling period from again 25 min. the block was lifted out of the system. It had a diameter of just over 9050 mm and weighed 16,740 kg. The block surface was sufficient to process the block directly by forging to be able to.
  • the block was therefore forged in a bogie hearth furnace heated and then on a 4500 t - Forging press pre-forged to a diameter of 600 mm.
  • the forging blank was of this size let it cool down and go crazy.
  • no error messages were found become.
  • the ultrasound test showed Indications of coarse grain, which did not affect the use, because further hot working was planned.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé de fabrication de corps en métal, présentant peu de liquations et en particulier peu de taches d'hétérogénéïté, en particulier en acier ainsi qu'en alliages à base de Ni et Co, d'après un procédé de fusion ou de coulée sous laitier électroconducteur, avec utilisation d'une coquille de coulée, conductrice du courant électrique, refroidie à l'eau, dans la paroi de laquelle sont montés des éléments conducteurs de courant non directement refroidis à l'eau, isolés électriquement par rapport à la partie de la coquille qui forme le corps coulé,
       caractérisé en ce que
       un bloc initial exempt dans une large mesure de liquations et de taches d'hétérogénéïté, d'une section transversale en surface d'au plus 90 % de la partie de la coquille qui forme le corps coulé, est lié dans celle-ci au métal apporté, par l'emploi d'un bain de laitier, chauffé par le passage de courant, et qui se trouve dans le voisinage des éléments conducteurs du courant de la coquille, par la coulée continue dosée de métal liquide, et en ce que, par un mouvement relatif entre la coquille et le bloc initial, le niveau de la surface du laitier dans la coquille est maintenu à peu près constant, jusqu'à ce que le bloc initial, sur une longueur prédéterminée, soit entouré d'une couche enveloppante coulée, la coulée de la couche enveloppante, donc ce qu'on appelle le doublage du bloc initial, étant poursuivi au moins une autre fois dans une coquille de plus grand diamètre jusqu'à ce que le diamètre final prédéterminé du corps coulé soit atteint.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse moyenne de coulée ou de fusion en kg/heure est réglée de telle sorte qu'elle est entre 0,20 et 5 fois la somme du diamètre équivalent du bloc initial et du diamètre de la coquille en mm, le diamètre équivalent étant déterminé par le quotient périmètre/π.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par une vitesse de coulée ou de fusion en kg/heure entre 0,80 et 1,5 fois la somme du diamètre équivalent du bloc initial et du diamètre de la coquille.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le bloc initial, présentant très peu de liquations et exempt de taches d'hétérogénéïté, est fabriqué par un procédé de refusion avec électrode consommable, ou que le bloc initial, présentant très peu de liquations et exempt de taches d'hétérogénéïté, est fabriqué par coulée de laitier électroconducteur.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le bloc initial à doubler est préchauffé à une température de 800°C au plus.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par des cercles en disposition concentrique en tant que forme géométrique des sections transversales du bloc initial et de la (des) coquille(s), ou caractérisé en ce que la forme géométrique du bloc initial et des coquilles est polygonale, en particulier rectangulaire ou carrée.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la composition chimique du bloc initial et la composition chimique de la ou des couches doublées correspondent l'une à l'autre.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les compositions chimiques du bloc initial et de la ou des couches doublées sont différentes.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le mouvement relatif entre le corps coulé et la coquille est produit par le soulèvement de la coquille de la façon qui correspond à la décharge de la surface du laitier le long du corps coulé reposant sur une sole fixe,.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le corps coulé reposant sur une sole susceptible d'être abaissée est retiré de la coquille montée fixe de façon que le niveau du bain de laitier dans la coquille reste à peu près constant.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la coulée du métal liquide ou la refusion des parties métalliques solides ajoutées est effectuée sous une atmosphère de gaz protecteur de composition contrôlée et de pression contrôlée, la pression contrôlée étant réglée le cas échéant dans la zone entre 1 et 600 mbars ou au-dessus de 2 bars.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que le soulèvement de la coquille ou l'abaissement de la sole est réalisé par pas séparés suivis d'une pause, un pas en arrière plus petit étant de préférence effectué entre le pas et la pause.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce qu'en cas de déplacement relatif régulier entre le corps coulé et la coquille, celle-ci est déplacée de façon oscillante.
  14. Agencement de production de corps coulés en métal, présentant peu de liquations et en particulier peu de taches d'hétérogénéïté, en particulier en acier ainsi qu'en alliages à base de Ni et Co, d'après un procédé de fusion ou de coulée sous laitier électroconducteur, avec une coquille de coulée courte (10), conductrice du courant électrique, refroidie à l'eau, dans la paroi de laquelle sont montés des éléments (16) conducteurs du courant non directement refroidis à l'eau (16), isolés électriquement par rapport à la partie (12) de la coquille (10) qui forme le corps coulé, ainsi qu'avec une sole (20) associée à la coquille vers le bas, pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, par un bloc initial (24) posé sur la sole (20) et par la coquille (10), on délimite une fente de coulée (25) pour recevoir le métal liquide (34), au moins deux coquilles (10) étant montées l'une derrière l'autre et le diamètre interne (d) de la coquille montée après étant plus grand que celui de la coquille précédente.
EP00936838A 2000-02-07 2000-05-31 Procede et dispositif de fabrication de corps coules en metal Expired - Lifetime EP1253986B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT1822000 2000-02-07
AT0018200A AT409233B (de) 2000-02-07 2000-02-07 Verfahren und anordnung zum herstellen von gusskörpern aus metallen
PCT/EP2000/004963 WO2001058622A1 (fr) 2000-02-07 2000-05-31 Procede et dispositif de fabrication de corps coules en metal

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1253986A1 EP1253986A1 (fr) 2002-11-06
EP1253986B1 true EP1253986B1 (fr) 2003-07-16

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EP00936838A Expired - Lifetime EP1253986B1 (fr) 2000-02-07 2000-05-31 Procede et dispositif de fabrication de corps coules en metal

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6758259B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1253986B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003522028A (fr)
AT (1) AT409233B (fr)
DE (2) DE10026816A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001058622A1 (fr)

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DE102007061176B3 (de) * 2007-12-17 2009-04-09 Buderus Edelstahl Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen von Turbinenwellen für Energiemaschinen

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DE10055449A1 (de) * 2000-11-09 2002-05-23 Schwaebische Huettenwerke Gmbh Gradientenwerkstoff-Formkörper
DE10349980A1 (de) * 2003-10-24 2005-09-22 Hunck, Wolfgang, Dipl.-Ing. Abkühlen stromdurchfluteter Schmelzen
DE102004011152A1 (de) * 2004-03-08 2005-12-15 Mislavskyy, Oleksandr Stranggussverfahren der plattierten Rohblöcke und die Vorrichtung für die Durchführung dieses Gussverfahren
EP1925681B1 (fr) * 2006-11-15 2011-04-27 Inteco special melting technologies GmbH Procédé de refonte de métaux sous laitier électroconducteur et lingotière à cet effet
DE102009025197B4 (de) * 2008-10-01 2012-11-08 Thyssenkrupp Vdm Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundmetall-Halbzeugen
CN105903869B (zh) * 2016-04-13 2017-11-14 饶云福 一种护环短流程制造工艺
US10591217B2 (en) * 2016-11-01 2020-03-17 A. Finkl & Sons Co. Systems and methods for controlling a vacuum arc remelting furnace based on power input
CN108145099B (zh) * 2018-03-12 2024-02-20 沈阳工大重型设备制造有限公司 一种旋转插入芯坯制备大型复合钢锭的方法及装置
CN108746562B (zh) * 2018-07-03 2020-03-31 东北大学 石墨电极环预热电渣熔铸制备大型复合钢锭的装置及方法
CN109663892B (zh) * 2019-03-01 2023-08-15 太原科技大学 一种大型铸锭或铸坯的渐进凝固成型装置
CN112676545A (zh) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-20 太原科技大学 一种外加电磁场的大规格钢锭浇注凝固装置
CN114160766A (zh) * 2021-11-22 2022-03-11 上海大学 一种强磁场复合电磁震荡制备均质合金连铸坯的装置及方法
CN114231751A (zh) * 2021-12-22 2022-03-25 武汉科技大学 一种多功能梯度金属复合材料电渣熔焊法制备装置及使用方法
CN114603118B (zh) * 2022-03-08 2023-06-23 朱龙华 电渣熔铸堆焊复合(再)制造金属轧辊的设备及工艺

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007061176B3 (de) * 2007-12-17 2009-04-09 Buderus Edelstahl Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen von Turbinenwellen für Energiemaschinen
WO2009077095A1 (fr) * 2007-12-17 2009-06-25 Buderus Edelstahl Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'arbres de turbines pour des machines de production d'énergie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10026816A1 (de) 2001-08-09
ATA1822000A (de) 2001-11-15
WO2001058622A1 (fr) 2001-08-16
DE50002947D1 (de) 2003-08-21
US6758259B1 (en) 2004-07-06
AT409233B (de) 2002-06-25
JP2003522028A (ja) 2003-07-22
EP1253986A1 (fr) 2002-11-06

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