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EP1253241B1 - Process and apparatus for inserting security elements into a paper web - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for inserting security elements into a paper web Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1253241B1
EP1253241B1 EP02007221A EP02007221A EP1253241B1 EP 1253241 B1 EP1253241 B1 EP 1253241B1 EP 02007221 A EP02007221 A EP 02007221A EP 02007221 A EP02007221 A EP 02007221A EP 1253241 B1 EP1253241 B1 EP 1253241B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paper web
pressure
volume
feature
feature substance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02007221A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1253241A2 (en
EP1253241A3 (en
Inventor
Thomas Dr. Attenberger
Ralf Soltau
Gerhard Dr. Stenzel
Manfred Hutmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giesecke and Devrient GmbH filed Critical Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Publication of EP1253241A2 publication Critical patent/EP1253241A2/en
Publication of EP1253241A3 publication Critical patent/EP1253241A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1253241B1 publication Critical patent/EP1253241B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/24Addition to the formed paper during paper manufacture
    • D21H23/26Addition to the formed paper during paper manufacture by selecting point of addition or moisture content of the paper
    • D21H23/28Addition before the dryer section, e.g. at the wet end or press section
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • D21H21/42Ribbons or strips
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • D21H21/44Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
    • D21H21/48Elements suited for physical verification, e.g. by irradiation
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/50Spraying or projecting
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/78Controlling or regulating not limited to any particular process or apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for introducing feature substances into a paper web and to a paper machine with such a device.
  • feature substances as security features into paper value documents, in particular banknotes, for example luminescent particles which fluoresce in a characteristic color given suitable excitation radiation, such as UV light.
  • feature substances are understood to be substances with specific physical properties, the presence and / or arrangement of which can be checked metrologically, for example by means of suitable sensors, on the basis of these properties.
  • Such features are usually placed as characters, patterns or lines at defined positions of the paper.
  • the UK-A-696 673 For example, it is proposed to inject color pigments in a water-immiscible suspension liquid into the center of the sheet during sheet formation by means of spraying to produce dotted lines or continuous lines, for example of UV light fluorescent material.
  • dotted lines or continuous lines for example of UV light fluorescent material.
  • the contours of such lines are blurred and the pigment concentration is uneven across the linewidth.
  • the DE-PS-497 037 proposes, in contrast, to apply a suspension with fluorescent substances on the finished, still moist paper web, for example, sodaspritzen that the paper structure undergoes no significant change itself.
  • spraying also leads to patterns whose contour sharpness is difficult to control and whose feature concentration is not constant over the surface of the pattern.
  • a disadvantage of this aerosolous application of the particles is that only a few feature substances are suitable for application in aerosol form, since the lines and nozzles clog easily. This applies in particular to fine-grained feature substances which tend to agglomerate. In addition, showed Test results relatively high concentration fluctuations, so that a high feature concentration is necessary to obtain reliably measurable features.
  • EP-A-0 580 363 discloses a method for producing security paper by means of a rotary screen paper machine, in which one or more jets of a liquid security feature composition are applied to a paper web.
  • the application of the security feature composition is still carried out on the papermaking screen, even before the paper web has reached the so-called "dry line".
  • the position or region on the wire mesh of the paper-forming wire, at which the dispersion of fiber particles in water merges into a fiber composite is defined as a "dry line”.
  • the jet still acts on the paper web from the paper forming screen before the paper web has been taken off, since the nozzles for generating the liquid jet are arranged above the wire mesh of the paper forming screen.
  • EP-A-0 881330 a device and a method for the direct application of a liquid or pasty application medium to a moving surface is known, in which the application medium is applied by means of a plurality of individual application or free jet nozzles on the surface, so that the application medium exits the free-jet nozzles as a closed curtain , As a result, a layer of the application medium is produced, which covers substantially the entire width of the surface to be coated.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to propose a method and a device as well as a corresponding paper machine, with which it is possible to introduce feature substances into patterns or tracks with sharp contours and over the pattern surface as evenly as possible, even low concentrations in paper without by for the eye visible changes in the fiber structure of the paper arise.
  • the feature substances are introduced during the papermaking process at a time in the paper web to the majority of the liquid of the original pulp is already removed, the paper web is still wet, but already solidified by a feature substance suspension so on the still moist Paper web is applied, that the paper web undergoes no fiber structure change.
  • the feature substance suspension is directed onto the surface of the paper web as a laminar jet with low jet pressure. The feature substance suspension flows with little pressure on the paper web.
  • the method can also be used for introducing feature substances in the watermark area.
  • An underlying nozzle inlet pressure leads to uneven and unstable jet formation as well as to deposits of the feature substance in the supply lines, while a higher nozzle inlet pressure from about 250 mbar upwards leads to structural changes in the fiber web of the paper web.
  • the outlet nozzles themselves can be designed very simply, for example as metal or ceramic tubes. However, so-called full jet nozzles or flat jet nozzles from which the feature substance suspension emerges as a full jet with a round or flat cross section are also particularly suitable.
  • the width extension of the feature track can be determined empirically and is almost constant with a constant amount of suspension.
  • the resulting patterns therefore have sharp contours. Since the suspension jet directed onto the paper web penetrates the wet and still soft paper layer uniformly, the amount of suspension applied over the surface is approximately constant. As a result, the feature concentration across the width of the pattern produced is almost homogeneous, regardless of how high the feature concentration in the suspension is. This makes it possible to generate patterns even with the smallest feature concentrations distributed homogeneously over the pattern surface.
  • the feature concentration of the generated patterns can be so low that the features are no longer visible to the naked eye, but can only be detected by machine using suitable sensors.
  • the introduction of the liquid-based feature substances occurs, almost any kind of feature substances that are dispersible or soluble in a suitable suspension medium can be used. Even high-density pigments can be uniformly introduced into the paper web in this way.
  • the introduction of the feature substances by means of full blasting has the further advantage over spraying that no mist occurs. As a result, the equipment used does not so easily pollute and there are fewer problems with the deposition of particles on the nozzles.
  • the feature substances are dispersed in water since water is readily available, inexpensive, harmless and chemically neutral. This does not preclude the use of other liquids, such as alcohol.
  • Especially suitable as feature substances are luminescent pigments, which are recognizable only under special conditions of excitation, such as under UV light, so that the feature patterns introduced into the paper are not readily visible in daylight. But also magnetic or in certain wavelength ranges absorbing feature substances can be processed with the method and the device according to the invention.
  • the laminar feature substance suspension jet is directed onto the paper web immediately after the sheet formation and removal of the still soft paper web, since the paper web is sufficiently solidified at this point but still so moist that the suspension with the feature substances can penetrate into the paper web without Leaving traces.
  • a suction device in the form of a separate suction box is located at a location downstream of the paper web transport direction of the paper machine in order to suck the suspension medium through the paper web. This supports the fact that the feature substances are distributed not only near the surface of the paper, but over the entire paper thickness.
  • an essential aspect in the production of the feature patterns in the paper is that the feature substance suspension applied to the paper web has a precisely defined feature substance concentration level at all times, so that a test of the paper always leads to the same result, irrespective of where in the body Paper, the generated feature pattern is checked.
  • the feature substance suspension is constantly circulated in a volume and thereby mixed, preferably continuously conveyed in a closed circuit. This procedure is particularly advantageous since it is possible to dispense with any chemical additives for stabilizing the suspension, in particular in the case of a continuous circulation and thorough mixing of the feature substance suspension, and such additives usually have undesired effects on the paper web formation.
  • the volume should be of a particular size because it serves as a buffer volume that compensates for fluctuations in the concentration of the feature substance in the volume caused by the delivery of further feature substance concentrate and suspension medium into the volume. On the other hand, however, this volume must not be too large, since changes to the setpoint value of the substance concentration that would otherwise have to be carried out take too long. It has been proven to choose the size of the volume so that an exchange or the throughput of the volume over the nozzles about 15 min. lasts.
  • Another important aspect to be considered in particular in the production of multi-use paper webs, in which several identical feature patterns are regularly introduced simultaneously, is that the pressure with which the feature substance suspension is conducted at different locations on the paper web, is identical.
  • a plurality of up to several hundred connecting lines branch off from the closed, continuously conveyed feature substance suspension circuit to nozzles, from which the feature substance suspension is conducted in laminar jets onto the paper sheet.
  • connection line inlet pressure depends, on the one hand, on the maximum suspension pressure in the closed circuit and, on the other, how high the pressure loss in the circuit is up to the junction of the connection line in question.
  • this pressure loss in turn depends directly on the speed with which the feature substance suspension is conveyed in the circulation.
  • the conveying or circulating pump is operated with high and constant power in order to generate the highest possible circulation speed and thereby a turbulent flow which prevents sedimentation of the feature particles and at the same time achieves uniform mixing of the suspension. Constant circulation pump performance ensures consistent conditions in the lines and nozzles during operation. The functionality and effect of the pump is monitored by measuring a pressure difference.
  • the pressure in the circuit on the one hand before and on the other hand behind the connecting line branches can be measured and closed on the basis of the measured differential pressure on the flow rate of the circulation pump.
  • Both wear of the circulating pump by abrasive properties of the suspension particles as well as caused for example by deposits in the lines or filters of the circuit reduction in cross-section or obstruction lead to a decrease in the pressure difference measured in the circuit. The monitoring of the pressure difference therefore allows timely initiated countermeasures.
  • a control device is provided to keep the maximum or absolute suspension pressure in the circuit constant.
  • the absolute pressure in the volume is measured at a suitable location and controlled via a feed pump, the volume supplied amount of the suspension medium. Even though the volume is continuously removed from the suspension via the nozzles, the essential parameters in the volume and thus also in the nozzles remain constant.
  • the delivered or circulated quantity can also be monitored and kept constant.
  • the volume withdrawn suspension components are compensated and provided for constant conditions.
  • the pressure control has the advantage that it ensures that regardless of the number of nozzles opened, the same amount of suspension exits from each nozzle with the same nozzles. This is particularly advantageous if, during ongoing paper web production, a rapid change of the coding produced by the suspension jets in the paper should take place.
  • the feature substance suspension is generated in the desired concentration substantially only in the volume from which branch the connecting lines to the jet outlet nozzles, in the case of the concrete preferred Embodiment so only in the closed circulation system. Therefore, a feature substance concentrate and the suspension medium are supplied separately to the circulation, preferably locally in front of the pump, with which the feature substance suspension is circulated in the closed circuit, so that this circulation pump assumes the function of mixing the feature substance concentrate with the suspension medium.
  • the connecting lines are preferably connected to the volume from above and protrude into the volume, so that any air bubbles contained in the volume can not get into the connecting lines and, moreover, no feature substances sedimented in the volume reach the connecting lines and these can block. Because especially with feature substances with particularly high density, there is a risk that some larger particles deposit at the bottom of the volume.
  • shut-off devices are provided between the sampling points of the suspension of the buffer volume and the nozzles, which allow individual switching on and off of each individual nozzle.
  • the shut-off devices may be, for example, shut-off valves or valves which are manually or automatically controlled and operated manually, electrically or pneumatically. This can be in a paper web an individual or regularly repeating pattern of features can be generated, which can also consist of broken tracks and which also encoded information can be played.
  • feature patterns can be generated whose placement or insertion in the paper web is synchronized with marks located thereon. In a preferred embodiment, these marks are formed by watermarks present in the paper.
  • a paper web 2 which is shown by dashed lines, leaves the paper forming wire 1 in the direction of the arrow. In this state, the paper web 2 is already largely solidified, but still wet.
  • the paper web 2 leaving the paper forming screen 1 is transported further and passed under a nozzle traverse 10. Through the nozzles 11, a feature substance suspension is passed from above onto the moist paper web in order to produce line-shaped feature patterns parallel to the paper web outer edge in the paper web.
  • nozzles 11 can be provided side by side, which can be activated and deactivated individually via associated shut-off valves 12.
  • a suction device 3 Downstream of the nozzles 11 in the paper web transport direction is a suction device 3, which is provided below the paper web 2 in order to suck off the feature substance suspension applied to the paper web 2 by the nozzles 11 through the paper web 2, so that only the feature substances remain in the paper.
  • this suction device can already start in paper web transporting direction in front of the nozzles 11.
  • the paper web 2 is then optionally subsequent processing stations, not shown, for drying, coating, printing and the like supplied.
  • the device for introducing the feature substances into the paper web consists essentially of four subsystems.
  • the core component of the device is formed as a pipeline system closed circuit 13 of the nozzle cross member 10, which has a circulation pump as a centrifugal pump 14 for continuously conveying the feature substance suspension in the piping system.
  • the second subsystem is formed by the water treatment and supply 20 and the third subsystem by the feature substance concentrate preparation and supply 30.
  • the fourth subsystem form the nozzles 11 and their connection lines 15 to the closed circuit 13 of the nozzle cross member 10. The individual subsystems are described in detail below.
  • the feature substances are kept available as feature substance concentrate.
  • a lid opening 32 feature substances in pulverized form are supplied to the container 31.
  • the supply of water via a shut-off supply line 33.
  • Water and feature substances are mixed by means of a stirrer 34, and the feature substance concentration is preferably in the range of 10 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 0.4 kg feature substance to 11 water.
  • the exact concentration value in the reservoir is relatively uncritical, since the final concentration of the fuel substance suspension passed from the nozzles 11 to the paper web 2 is adjusted only in the closed circuit 13 by admixing water. The higher the concentration in the reservoir, the greater the feature stock and thus the time to refill the reservoir.
  • the level of the reservoir is monitored by a level gauge 35.
  • the concentration in the reservoir may not exceed a predetermined viscosity limit of the feature concentrate, since otherwise the promotion of the feature concentrate by means of preferably designed as a diaphragm pump Metering pump 36 is impaired.
  • the concentration values given above the feature substance suspension for most feature substances is still very fluid, almost water-like.
  • the metering pump 36 finally pumps the feature substance concentrate from the storage container 31 into the closed circuit 13 of the nozzle crosspiece 10.
  • treated water is supplied to the closed circuit 13 via a feed line 28.
  • the water is previously degassed in an example 201 holding vacuum container 21 at a negative pressure of about 0.3 bar relative to the ambient pressure, so that any air bubbles that enter, for example, with the feature substance concentrate in the closed circuit 13, in the feature substance suspension of the closed circuit thirteenth can dissolve.
  • the vacuum tank is equipped with a vacuum pump 27 and a level gauge 25, which ensures that the level is kept at about 90% capacity for safety reasons.
  • An example designed as a gear pump 26 feed pump delivers the treated water from the vacuum tank 21 via the supply line 28 to the closed circuit 13 to.
  • the maximum delivery rate of the gear pump 26 is, for example, about 550 liters per hour, which is sufficient to supply about 300 nozzles simultaneously with a throughput of about 1.7 liters per hour per nozzle.
  • a Wasserentkalkungs worn is additionally integrated in the water treatment and supply 20, which is not shown in the figure.
  • the closed circuit 13 is essentially formed by a closed piping system with integrated centrifugal pump 14 for circulating the feature substance suspension conveyed in the closed circuit 13.
  • the closed circuit 13 is the feature substance concentrate and the treated water via the supply lines 38, 28 shortly before Centrifugal pump 14 supplied.
  • the centrifugal pump 14 thus assumes the function of mixing the supplied Merkmalsstoffkonzentrats with the supplied, treated water. This ensures that the concentration distribution of the feature substances in the feature substance suspension is for the most part homogeneous before feature substance suspension fractions are branched off from the circuit 13 via the connection lines 15 to the nozzles 11.
  • a sieve 16 with a 100 ⁇ m sieve insert made of stainless steel is provided shortly after the centrifugal pump and retains particles which could lead to a blockage of the nozzles 11.
  • a stopcock 17 is provided for venting the device after its switching.
  • the closed circuit 13 has two control circuits, namely a pressure control loop and a density control loop.
  • the pressure control loop comprises two pressure sensors P 1 and P 2 at different points in the closed circuit 13, namely preferably at one point at a location in front of the branches of the connecting lines 15 to the nozzles 11 and on the other hand at a downstream point in the circulation flow direction.
  • the pressure p 1 can be, for example, between 500 and 800 mbar, depending on the line lengths and cross-sections. Deviations from this set point are measured and used to regulate the gear pump 26 for conveying the treated water so that the set value p 1 is maintained.
  • the pressure value p 2 is preferably measured after the branching off of the last connection line 15 to the last nozzle 11, in order to determine the pressure drop that occurs due to the diverted feature substance suspension components and the flow resistance of the lines in the closed circuit 13.
  • This pressure drop should always be constant to ensure that at all times approximately the same pressure conditions prevail on all nozzles 11, regardless of the number of activated nozzles. Because the pressure difference p 2 - p 1 is directly dependent on the flow velocity of the feature substance suspension in the closed circuit 13, the differential pressure measurement p 2 - p 1 is used to monitor the flow rate of the centrifugal pump 14.
  • the density control circuit comprises a density sensor p.
  • the inlet of the density sensor p is connected directly behind the sieve 16 directly to the closed circuit 13.
  • the flow of the density sensor p is located on the opposite side just before the entrance of the centrifugal pump 14.
  • the pressure drop between inlet and outlet ensures sufficient flow through the density sensor p, which prevents deposits form in the density sensor ⁇ .
  • the density of the feature substance suspension in the closed circuit 13 is determined by means of the density sensor ⁇ . It is a measure of the concentration of feature substances in the feature substance suspension of the closed circuit 13.
  • the metering pump 36 is controlled on the reservoir 31 to set a predetermined desired value of the suspension density of a concentration corresponds to a feature substance.
  • a typical density setting for the dosage of feature substances in the feature substance suspension is about 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.
  • connection line outlet pressure can be set by simple structural design of the connecting lines for all lines by a defined pressure drop by a suitable choice of the diameter and / or preferably the length of the connecting lines 15 is generated in each connecting line 15, so that at the end of the connecting lines, that is, at the nozzles 11, in each case the same pressure is present.
  • connecting lines In order to achieve, for example, at a pressure p 1 in the range of 500 to 800 mbar and a correspondingly lower value for p 2 in the closed circuit 13 for all the nozzles 11 the same nozzle exit pressure, connecting lines have proven to 15 with a length of typically a few tens of centimeters to be suitable, wherein the connecting lines, for example, consist of hoses with an inner diameter of about 1 mm.
  • shut-off valves 12 has no effect on the throughput and nozzle discharge pressure, since the connection line inlet pressure is kept approximately constant by means of the above-described pressure control regardless of the number of active nozzles.
  • shut-off valves 12 can also be replaced by shut-off valves.
  • electrical or pneumatic control of the shut-off devices is advantageous.
  • several hundred nozzles at a distance of about 3 to 15 mm also offset from each other can be arranged.
  • the connecting lines 15 are connected from above to the closed circuit 13, to prevent that larger feature substance particles that have deposited on the bottom of the closed circuit 13, are sucked in, resulting in a clogging of the components, such as shut-off valves , Nozzles etc. could lead.
  • the connecting pipes 15 protrude from above about 10 mm into the closed circuit 13 in order to prevent any air bubbles with the feature substance suspension are discharged through the nozzles 11, which would adversely affect the quality of the generated stripe pattern.
  • the above-described device for introducing feature substances into a paper web allows a wide variety of line codings by activating and deactivating individual nozzles 11 by means of the respectively associated shut-off valves 12, without this having any effect on the feature substance concentration of the individual lines ultimately present in the finished paper.
  • This is very much due to the particular pressure control loop, in which the absolute pressure in the volume, ie for example the pressure p 1 measured in the closed circuit 13 before branching of the connecting lines 15 and the pressure p 2 after branching of the connecting lines 15 and by controlling the flow rate of the Gear pump 26 are each kept at a constant value.
  • the advantages achieved by means of this pressure control loop are achieved even if the feature substance suspension is not passed as a laminar jet with low jet pressure but for example with high jet pressure or as a turbulent jet or as a spray on the surface of the paper web.

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Abstract

In a process to introduce a watermark into pre-moistened but adequately strong paper web, the watermark is applied to the surface as a low pressure-regulated laminar jet. The laminar jet pressure is carefully regulated to ensure that the pressure from each jet is identical irrespective of the number of jets. The fluid is a water-based marker substance. The pressure applied is in the range 30 to 200 mbar. Also clamed is a commensurate paper web (2) spray assembly with a liquid reservoir (13) discharging to jets (11). The assembly further has a pressure regulation device (P1, P2, 26)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Einbringen von Merkmalsstoffen in eine Papierbahn sowie eine Papiermaschine mit einer solchen Vorrichtung.The invention relates to a method and a device for introducing feature substances into a paper web and to a paper machine with such a device.

Es ist bekannt, Merkmalsstoffe als Sicherheitsmerkmale in papierene Wertdokumente, insbesondere Banknoten, einzubringen, beispielsweise lumineszierende Partikel, die bei einer geeigneten Anregungsstrahlung, wie UV-Licht, in einer charakteristischen Farbe fluoreszieren. Allgemein werden hier unter Merkmalsstoffen Substanzen mit bestimmten physikalischen Eigenschaften verstanden, deren Vorhandensein und/oder Anordnung aufgrund dieser Eigenschaften messtechnisch, beispielsweise mittels geeigneter Sensoren überprüfbar ist. Solche Merkmale werden zumeist als Zeichen, Muster oder Linien an definierten Positionen des Papiers platziert.It is known to introduce feature substances as security features into paper value documents, in particular banknotes, for example luminescent particles which fluoresce in a characteristic color given suitable excitation radiation, such as UV light. In general, here feature substances are understood to be substances with specific physical properties, the presence and / or arrangement of which can be checked metrologically, for example by means of suitable sensors, on the basis of these properties. Such features are usually placed as characters, patterns or lines at defined positions of the paper.

Bekannt ist beispielsweise aus der DE-A-197 54 776 , farbige Muster mit scharfen Konturen linienförmig auf fertiges Papier aufzusprühen, um auf diese Weise graphische, mit bloßem Auge erkennbare Sicherheitsmerkmale zu erzeugen. Diese Sicherheitsmerkmale sind auf der Oberfläche des Papiers niedergeschlagen und daher nicht nur sichtbar sondern auch fühlbar. Insbesondere bei Verwendung lumineszierender Substanzen, deren Farbeffekte nur unter bestimmten Anregungsbedingungen erkennbar werden, ist es jedoch gewünscht, dass deren Einbringungsort dem unbefangenen Betrachter und insbesondere etwaigen Fälschern nicht auffällt.Is known for example from the DE-A-197 54 776 to spray colored patterns with sharp contours in a line onto finished paper to create graphic security features that are visible to the naked eye. These security features are deposited on the surface of the paper and therefore not only visible but also palpable. In particular, when using luminescent substances whose color effects are recognizable only under certain conditions of excitation, it is desirable that their place of incorporation does not strike the unbiased observer and in particular any counterfeiters.

Die UK-A-696 673 schlägt beispielsweise vor, Farbpigmente in einer sich mit Wasser nicht vermischenden Suspensionsflüssigkeit bereits während der Blattbildung mittels Spritzen ins Zentrum des Blattes zu injizieren, um Punktlinien oder kontinuierliche Linien, beispielsweise aus in UV-Licht fluoreszierendem Material zu erzeugen. Da sich aber die fluoreszierende Suspension in dem noch nicht fertig geschöpften Papiermaterial jedenfalls teilweise und nicht kontrollierbar ausbreitet, sind die Konturen solcher Linien unscharf und die Pigmentkonzentration ist über die Linienbreite ungleichmäßig.The UK-A-696 673 For example, it is proposed to inject color pigments in a water-immiscible suspension liquid into the center of the sheet during sheet formation by means of spraying to produce dotted lines or continuous lines, for example of UV light fluorescent material. However, since the fluorescent suspension in the not yet finished paper material anyway is partially and uncontrollably propagated, the contours of such lines are blurred and the pigment concentration is uneven across the linewidth.

Die DE-PS-497 037 schlägt demgegenüber vor, eine Suspension mit fluoreszierenden Substanzen auf die fertig geschöpfte, noch feuchte Papierbahn so aufzutragen, beispielsweise aufzuspritzen, dass die Papierstruktur selbst keine nennenswerte Änderung erfährt. Aber auch das Aufspritzen führt zu Mustern, deren Konturenschärfe schwierig zu kontrollieren ist und deren Merkmalskonzentration über die Fläche des Musters nicht konstant ist.The DE-PS-497 037 proposes, in contrast, to apply a suspension with fluorescent substances on the finished, still moist paper web, for example, aufzuspritzen that the paper structure undergoes no significant change itself. However, spraying also leads to patterns whose contour sharpness is difficult to control and whose feature concentration is not constant over the surface of the pattern.

Diese Nachteile werden durch das in UK-PS 643 430 beschriebene Verfahren zwar teilweise überwunden, bei dem ein Endlosmetallband mit schablonenartigen Aussparungen mit der entstehenden Papierbahn mitbewegt wird und die farbigen Merkmalsstoffe diffus so aufgesprüht werden, dass sie im Bereich der schablonenartigen Aussparungen in die Papierbahn eindringen. Aber auch dadurch wird noch keine ausreichend homogene Verteilung der Merkmalsstoffe erreicht, wie die EP-A-0 659 935 kritisiert.These disadvantages are caused by the in UK Patent 643 430 Although partially overcome the method described, in which an endless metal belt with stencil-like recesses is moved along with the resulting paper web and the colored feature substances are sprayed diffusely so that they penetrate into the paper web in the area of the template-like recesses. But even this does not achieve a sufficiently homogeneous distribution of the feature substances, such as the EP-A-0 659 935 criticized.

In der EP-A-0 659 935 wird stattdessen vorgeschlagen, die Merkmalsstoffe nicht in einer Suspension sondern in einem Gas zu dispergieren, so dass Agglomerate von Merkmalspartikeln leicht zerfallen und in definierter, homogener Konzentration im Gas vorliegen, um dann mittels einer Düse auf die noch nasse Papierbahn aufgesprüht zu werden. Damit sei selbst bei geringen Merkmalskonzentrationen noch eine homogene Verteilung in Papier bei gleichzeitig relativ scharfen Konturen erzielbar.In the EP-A-0 659 935 Instead, it is proposed not to disperse the feature substances in a suspension but in a gas, so that agglomerates of feature particles easily disintegrate and are present in a defined, homogeneous concentration in the gas, in order then to be sprayed onto the still wet paper web by means of a nozzle. Thus, even with low feature concentrations still a homogeneous distribution in paper at the same time relatively sharp contours can be achieved.

Nachteilhaft an dieser aerosolen Aufbringung der Partikel ist, dass nur wenige Merkmalsstoffe für die Aufbringung in Aerosolform geeignet sind, da die Leitungen und Düsen leicht verstopfen. Dies gilt insbesondere für feinkörnige Merkmalsstoffe, die zur Agglomeration neigen. Außerdem ergaben Versuchsergebnisse verhältnismäßig hohe Konzentrationsschwankungen, so dass eine hohe Merkmalskonzentration notwendig ist, um zuverlässig messbare Merkmale zu erhalten.A disadvantage of this aerosolous application of the particles is that only a few feature substances are suitable for application in aerosol form, since the lines and nozzles clog easily. This applies in particular to fine-grained feature substances which tend to agglomerate. In addition, showed Test results relatively high concentration fluctuations, so that a high feature concentration is necessary to obtain reliably measurable features.

Aus EP-A-0 580 363 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sicherheitspapier mittels einer Rundsiebpapiermaschine bekannt, bei dem ein oder mehrere Strahlen einer flüssigen Sicherheitsmerkmalzusammensetzung auf eine Papierbahn aufgebracht werden. Die Aufbringung der Sicherheitsmerkmalzusammensetzung erfolgt dabei noch auf dem Papiersieb und zwar noch bevor die Papierbahn die sog. "dry line" erreicht hat. Als "dry line" wird hierbei die Position bzw. der Bereich auf dem Drahtgeflecht des Papierbildungssiebes definiert, an der die Dispersion von Faserpartikeln in Wasser in einen Faserverbund übergeht. Des Weiteren wirkt der Strahl noch vor Abnahme der Papierbahn von dem Papierbildungssieb auf die Papierbahn ein, da die Düsen zur Erzeugung des Flüssigkeitsstrahls über dem Drahtgeflecht des Papierbildungssiebes angeordnet sind.Out EP-A-0 580 363 discloses a method for producing security paper by means of a rotary screen paper machine, in which one or more jets of a liquid security feature composition are applied to a paper web. The application of the security feature composition is still carried out on the papermaking screen, even before the paper web has reached the so-called "dry line". In this case, the position or region on the wire mesh of the paper-forming wire, at which the dispersion of fiber particles in water merges into a fiber composite, is defined as a "dry line". Furthermore, the jet still acts on the paper web from the paper forming screen before the paper web has been taken off, since the nozzles for generating the liquid jet are arranged above the wire mesh of the paper forming screen.

Aus EP-A-0 881330 ist eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum direkten Auftragen eines flüssigen oder pastösen Auftragsmediums auf eine laufende Oberfläche bekannt, bei dem das Auftragsmedium mittels einer Vielzahl von Einzelauftrags- bzw. Freistrahldüsen auf die Oberfläche aufgetragen wird, so dass das Auftragsmedium aus den Freistrahldüsen als geschlossener Vorhang austritt. Dadurch wird eine Schicht des Auftragsmediums erzeugt, die im Wesentlichen die gesamte Breite der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche überdeckt.Out EP-A-0 881330 a device and a method for the direct application of a liquid or pasty application medium to a moving surface is known, in which the application medium is applied by means of a plurality of individual application or free jet nozzles on the surface, so that the application medium exits the free-jet nozzles as a closed curtain , As a result, a layer of the application medium is produced, which covers substantially the entire width of the surface to be coated.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung sowie eine entsprechende Papiermaschine vorzuschlagen, mit der es möglich ist, Merkmalsstoffe in Mustern bzw. Spuren mit scharfen Konturen und über die Musterfläche möglichst gleichmäßigen, auch niedrigen Konzentrationen in Papier einzubringen, ohne dass dadurch für das Auge sichtbare Veränderungen der Faserstruktur des Papiers entstehen.The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a method and a device as well as a corresponding paper machine, with which it is possible to introduce feature substances into patterns or tracks with sharp contours and over the pattern surface as evenly as possible, even low concentrations in paper without by for the eye visible changes in the fiber structure of the paper arise.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung sowie eine Papiermaschine mit den in den nebengeordneten Patentansprüchen angegebenen Merkmalen. In davon abhängigen Ansprüchen sind bevorzugte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung angegeben.This object is achieved by a method and a device and a paper machine with the features specified in the independent claims. In dependent claims preferred developments and embodiments of the invention are given.

Ähnlich wie in der DE-PS 497 037 werden gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung die Merkmalsstoffe während des Papierherstellungsprozesses zu einem Zeitpunkt in die Papierbahn eingebracht, zu dem der Großteil der Flüssigkeit der ursprünglichen Papiermasse bereits entzogen ist, die Papierbahn also noch feucht, aber bereits verfestigt ist, indem eine Merkmalsstoffsuspension so auf die noch feuchte Papierbahn aufgetragen wird, dass die Papierbahn dabei keine Faserstrukturänderung erfährt. Um dies zu erreichen, wird die Merkmalsstoffsuspension als laminarer Strahl mit geringem Strahldruck auf die Oberfläche der Papierbahn geleitet. Die Merkmalsstoffsuspension fließt mit geringem Druck auf die Papierbahn.Similar in the DE-PS 497 037 According to the present invention, the feature substances are introduced during the papermaking process at a time in the paper web to the majority of the liquid of the original pulp is already removed, the paper web is still wet, but already solidified by a feature substance suspension so on the still moist Paper web is applied, that the paper web undergoes no fiber structure change. To achieve this, the feature substance suspension is directed onto the surface of the paper web as a laminar jet with low jet pressure. The feature substance suspension flows with little pressure on the paper web.

Aufgrund des geringen Strahldrucks, worunter der Druck an der Eintrittsseite einer Düse verstanden wird, wird verhindert, dass sich die Faserstruktur des Papiervlieses beim Auftragen der Merkmalsstoffsuspension verändert. Dementsprechend ist der Ort, an dem die Merkmalsstoffsuspension aufgetragen wird, an dem fertigen Papier für das bloße Auge nicht sichtbar, auch nicht im Durchlicht. Daher kann das Verfahren auch zum Einbringen von Merkmalsstoffen im Wasserzeichenbereich eingesetzt werden.Due to the low jet pressure, which is understood to mean the pressure at the inlet side of a nozzle, it is prevented that the fiber structure of the paper fleece changes when the feature substance suspension is applied. Accordingly, the location where the feature substance suspension is applied is not visible on the finished paper to the naked eye, even in transmitted light. Therefore, the method can also be used for introducing feature substances in the watermark area.

Ein Strahldruck an der Düseneintrittsseite im Bereich von etwa 30 bis 200 mbar, vorzugsweise 50 bis 100 mbar, hat sich als besonders geeignet erwiesen. Ein darunter liegender Düseneintrittsdruck führt zu ungleichmäßiger und instabiler Strahlausbildung sowie zu Ablagerungen des Merkmalsstoffes in den Zuleitungen, während ein höherer Düseneintrittsdruck ab circa 250 mbar aufwärts zu Strukturveränderungen im Faservlies der Papierbahn führt. Die Austrittsdüsen selbst können sehr einfach gestaltet sein, beispielsweise als Metall- oder Keramikröhrchen. Besonders geeignet sind aber auch so genannte Vollstrahldüsen oder Flachstrahldüsen, aus denen die Merkmalsstoffsuspension als voller Strahl mit rundem oder flachem Querschnitt austritt.A jet pressure at the nozzle inlet side in the range of about 30 to 200 mbar, preferably 50 to 100 mbar, has proven to be particularly suitable. An underlying nozzle inlet pressure leads to uneven and unstable jet formation as well as to deposits of the feature substance in the supply lines, while a higher nozzle inlet pressure from about 250 mbar upwards leads to structural changes in the fiber web of the paper web. The outlet nozzles themselves can be designed very simply, for example as metal or ceramic tubes. However, so-called full jet nozzles or flat jet nozzles from which the feature substance suspension emerges as a full jet with a round or flat cross section are also particularly suitable.

Die Breitenausdehnung der Merkmalsspur ist empirisch ermittelbar und bei konstant zugeführter Suspensionsmenge nahezu konstant. Die dadurch erzeugten Muster besitzen daher scharfe Konturen. Da der auf die Papierbahn geleitete Suspensionsstrahl die nasse und noch weiche Papierlage gleichmäßig durchdringt, ist die aufgebrachte Suspensionsmenge über der Fläche in etwa konstant. Dadurch bedingt ist die Merkmalskonzentration über die Breite des erzeugten Musters nahezu homogen, und zwar unabhängig davon, wie hoch die Merkmalskonzentration in der Suspension ist. Dadurch ist es möglich, Muster selbst mit geringsten, homogen über die Musterfläche verteilten Merkmalskonzentrationen zu erzeugen. Die Merkmalskonzentration der erzeugten Muster kann so gering sein, dass die Merkmale mit dem bloßen Auge nicht mehr sichtbar, sondern nur noch maschinell mittels geeigneter Sensoren nachweisbar sind.The width extension of the feature track can be determined empirically and is almost constant with a constant amount of suspension. The resulting patterns therefore have sharp contours. Since the suspension jet directed onto the paper web penetrates the wet and still soft paper layer uniformly, the amount of suspension applied over the surface is approximately constant. As a result, the feature concentration across the width of the pattern produced is almost homogeneous, regardless of how high the feature concentration in the suspension is. This makes it possible to generate patterns even with the smallest feature concentrations distributed homogeneously over the pattern surface. The feature concentration of the generated patterns can be so low that the features are no longer visible to the naked eye, but can only be detected by machine using suitable sensors.

Da das Einbringen der Merkmalsstoffe auf Flüssigkeitsbasis erfolgt, kann nahezu jede Art von Merkmalsstoffen verwendet werden, die in einem geeigneten Suspensionsmedium dispergierbar oder löslich sind. Selbst Pigmente hoher Dichte können auf diese Weise gleichmäßig in die Papierbahn eingebracht werden. Die Einbringung der Merkmalsstoffe mittels Vollstrahlen hat gegenüber Sprühverfahren den weiteren Vorteil, dass kein Sprühnebel auftritt. Dadurch verschmutzt die verwendete Apparatur nicht so leicht und es treten geringere Probleme mit der Ablagerung von Partikeln an den Düsen auf.Because the introduction of the liquid-based feature substances occurs, almost any kind of feature substances that are dispersible or soluble in a suitable suspension medium can be used. Even high-density pigments can be uniformly introduced into the paper web in this way. The introduction of the feature substances by means of full blasting has the further advantage over spraying that no mist occurs. As a result, the equipment used does not so easily pollute and there are fewer problems with the deposition of particles on the nozzles.

Vorzugsweise werden die Merkmalsstoffe in Wasser dispergiert, da Wasser jederzeit verfügbar, preiswert, ungefährlich und chemisch neutral ist. Dies schließt die Verwendung anderer Flüssigkeiten, wie zum Beispiel Alkohol, nicht aus. Besonders geeignet als Merkmalsstoffe sind lumineszierende Pigmente, die nur unter besonderen Anregungsbedingungen wie beispielsweise unter UV-Licht erkennbar sind, so dass die in das Papier eingebrachten Merkmalsmuster bei Tageslicht nicht ohne weiteres sichtbar sind. Aber auch magnetische oder in bestimmten Wellenlängenbereichen absorbierende Merkmalsstoffe sind mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bzw. der Vorrichtung verarbeitbar.Preferably, the feature substances are dispersed in water since water is readily available, inexpensive, harmless and chemically neutral. This does not preclude the use of other liquids, such as alcohol. Especially suitable as feature substances are luminescent pigments, which are recognizable only under special conditions of excitation, such as under UV light, so that the feature patterns introduced into the paper are not readily visible in daylight. But also magnetic or in certain wavelength ranges absorbing feature substances can be processed with the method and the device according to the invention.

Erfindungsgemäß wird der laminare Merkmalsstoffsuspensionsstrahl unmittelbar nach der Blattbildung und Abnahme der noch weichen Papierbahn vom Papierbildungssieb auf die Papierbahn geleitet, da die Papierbahn an dieser Stelle ausreichend verfestigt, aber noch so feucht ist, dass die Suspension mit den Merkmalsstoffen in die Papierbahn eindringen kann, ohne Spuren zu hinterlassen. Des Weiteren befindet sich an einer in Papierbahntransportrichtung nachgeordneten Stelle der Papiermaschine eine Saugeinrichtung in Form eines separaten Saugkastens, um das Suspensionsmedium durch die Papierbahn hindurch abzusaugen. Dadurch wird unterstützt, dass die Merkmalsstoffe nicht nur in oberflächennahen Bereichen des Papiers, sondern über die gesamte Papierdicke verteilt vorliegen.According to the invention, the laminar feature substance suspension jet is directed onto the paper web immediately after the sheet formation and removal of the still soft paper web, since the paper web is sufficiently solidified at this point but still so moist that the suspension with the feature substances can penetrate into the paper web without Leaving traces. Furthermore, a suction device in the form of a separate suction box is located at a location downstream of the paper web transport direction of the paper machine in order to suck the suspension medium through the paper web. This supports the fact that the feature substances are distributed not only near the surface of the paper, but over the entire paper thickness.

Ein wesentlicher Aspekt bei der Erzeugung der Merkmalsmuster im Papier ist darin zu sehen, dass die auf die Papierbahn aufgebrachte Merkmalsstoffsuspension zu jedem Zeitpunkt ein exakt definiertes Merkmalsstoffkonzentrationsniveau besitzt, so dass eine Prüfung des Papiers immer zu demselben Ergebnis führt, unabhängig davon, an welcher Stelle des Papiers das erzeugte Merkmalsmuster geprüft wird. Zu diesem Zweck sieht eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vor, dass die Merkmalsstoffsuspension in einem Volumen ständig umgewälzt und dadurch durchmischt wird, vorzugsweise in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf kontinuierlich gefördert wird. Diese Vorgehensweise ist besonders vorteilhaft, da insbesondere bei einer kontinuierlichen Umwälzung und Durchmischung der Merkmalsstoffsuspension auf jegliche chemischen Zusätze zur Stabilisierung der Suspension verzichtet werden kann und solche Zusätze meist unerwünschte Einflüsse auf die Papierbahnbildung haben.An essential aspect in the production of the feature patterns in the paper is that the feature substance suspension applied to the paper web has a precisely defined feature substance concentration level at all times, so that a test of the paper always leads to the same result, irrespective of where in the body Paper, the generated feature pattern is checked. For this purpose, sees an advantageous Embodiment of the invention that the feature substance suspension is constantly circulated in a volume and thereby mixed, preferably continuously conveyed in a closed circuit. This procedure is particularly advantageous since it is possible to dispense with any chemical additives for stabilizing the suspension, in particular in the case of a continuous circulation and thorough mixing of the feature substance suspension, and such additives usually have undesired effects on the paper web formation.

Das Volumen sollte eine bestimmte Größe aufweisen, denn es dient als Puffervolumen, das Schwankungen der Konzentration des Merkmalsstoffs im Volumen kompensiert, die durch die Zufuhr von weiterem Merkmalsstoffkonzentrat und Suspensionsmedium in das Volumen hervorgerufen werden. Dieses Volumen darf andererseits aber auch nicht zu groß sein, da sonst durchzuführende Änderungen des Sollwerts der Merkmalsstoffkonzentration zu lange dauern. Es hat sich bewährt, die Größe des Volumens so zu wählen, dass ein Austausch bzw. der Durchsatz des Volumens über die Düsen etwa 15 min. dauert.The volume should be of a particular size because it serves as a buffer volume that compensates for fluctuations in the concentration of the feature substance in the volume caused by the delivery of further feature substance concentrate and suspension medium into the volume. On the other hand, however, this volume must not be too large, since changes to the setpoint value of the substance concentration that would otherwise have to be carried out take too long. It has been proven to choose the size of the volume so that an exchange or the throughput of the volume over the nozzles about 15 min. lasts.

Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt, der insbesondere bei der Herstellung von Papierbahnen mit Mehrfachnutzen zu beachten ist, bei der regelmäßig mehrere identische Merkmalsmuster gleichzeitig eingebracht werden, ist darin zu sehen, dass der Druck, mit dem die Merkmalsstoffsuspension an unterschiedlichen Stellen auf die Papierbahn geleitet wird, jeweils identisch ist. Zu diesem Zweck ist vorgesehen, dass von dem geschlossenen, kontinuierlich geförderten Merkmalsstoffsuspensionskreislauf eine Vielzahl von bis zu mehreren Hundert Verbindungsleitungen zu Düsen abzweigen, aus denen die Merkmalsstoffsuspension in laminaren Strahlen auf das Papierblatt geleitet wird. Dabei tritt in dem geschlossenen Kreislauf zwangsläufig ein Druckverlust auf, der ebenso wie der Druckverlust durch den Strömungswiderstand des Kreislaufes dazu führt, dass je nach dem Ort, an dem die zur Düse führende Verbindungsleitung von dem Kreislauf abzweigt, ein individueller Suspensionsdruck bzw. Verbindungsleitungseintrittsdruck vorliegt, der bis zur Düse gerade soweit verringert werden muss, dass an allen Düsen, mit denen gleichartige Muster erzeugt werden sollen, der gleiche Düsenaustrittsdruck vorliegt. Dies kann beispielsweise durch eine spezielle Regeleinrichtung in jeder Verbindungsleitung realisiert werden. Einfacher und daher bevorzugt wird allerdings eine Lösung, wonach die Länge und/ oder der Durchmesser der Verbindungsleitungen derart gewählt sind, dass der Druckverlust in den Verbindungsleitungen gerade so hoch ist, dass der Düsenaustrittsdruck jeweils identisch ist.Another important aspect to be considered in particular in the production of multi-use paper webs, in which several identical feature patterns are regularly introduced simultaneously, is that the pressure with which the feature substance suspension is conducted at different locations on the paper web, is identical. For this purpose, it is provided that a plurality of up to several hundred connecting lines branch off from the closed, continuously conveyed feature substance suspension circuit to nozzles, from which the feature substance suspension is conducted in laminar jets onto the paper sheet. In this case, occurs in the closed circuit inevitably a pressure drop, which leads to the same as the pressure loss through the flow resistance of the circuit that, depending on the place where the to A nozzle-leading connecting line branches off the circuit, there is an individual suspension pressure or connection line inlet pressure which has to be reduced just to the nozzle so far that the same nozzle outlet pressure is present at all nozzles with which identical patterns are to be produced. This can be realized for example by a special control device in each connection line. However, a solution is simpler and therefore preferred, according to which the length and / or the diameter of the connecting lines are selected such that the pressure loss in the connecting lines is just so high that the nozzle outlet pressure is identical in each case.

Der Verbindungsleitungseintrittsdruck hängt einerseits davon ab, wie hoch der maximale Suspensionsdruck in dem geschlossenen Kreislauf ist, und andererseits davon, wie hoch der Druckverlust in dem Kreislauf bis zur Abzweigung der fraglichen Verbindungsleitung ist. Dieser Druckverlust hängt aber wiederum unmittelbar davon ab, mit welcher Geschwindigkeit die Merkmalsstoffsuspension in dem Kreislauf gefördert wird. Vorzugsweise wird die Förder- bzw. Umwälzpumpe mit hoher und konstanter Leistung betrieben, um eine möglichst hohe Umwälzgeschwindigkeit und dadurch eine turbulente Strömung zu erzeugen, die eine Sedimentation der Merkmalspartikel verhindert und gleichzeitig eine gleichmäßige Durchmischung der Suspension erzielt. Durch die konstant gehaltene Umwälzpumpenleistung wird während des Betriebs für gleich bleibende Verhältnisse in den Leitungen und Düsen gesorgt. Die Funktionsfähigkeit und Wirkung der Pumpe wird durch Messung einer Druckdifferenz überwacht. Dazu kann der Druck im Kreislauf einerseits vor und andererseits hinter den Verbindungsleitungsabzweigungen gemessen werden und anhand des gemessenen Differenzdrucks auf die Förderleistung der Umwälzpumpe geschlossen werden. Sowohl Verschleiß der Umwälzpumpe durch abrasive Eigenschaften der Suspensionspartikel als auch eine beispielsweise durch Ablagerungen in den Leitungen oder Filtern des Kreislaufs hervorgerufene Querschnittsverringerung oder Verstopfung führen zu einer Abnahme der im Kreislauf gemessenen Druckdifferenz. Die Überwachung der Druckdifferenz ermöglicht daher rechtzeitig eingeleitete Gegenmaßnahmen.The connection line inlet pressure depends, on the one hand, on the maximum suspension pressure in the closed circuit and, on the other, how high the pressure loss in the circuit is up to the junction of the connection line in question. However, this pressure loss in turn depends directly on the speed with which the feature substance suspension is conveyed in the circulation. Preferably, the conveying or circulating pump is operated with high and constant power in order to generate the highest possible circulation speed and thereby a turbulent flow which prevents sedimentation of the feature particles and at the same time achieves uniform mixing of the suspension. Constant circulation pump performance ensures consistent conditions in the lines and nozzles during operation. The functionality and effect of the pump is monitored by measuring a pressure difference. For this purpose, the pressure in the circuit on the one hand before and on the other hand behind the connecting line branches can be measured and closed on the basis of the measured differential pressure on the flow rate of the circulation pump. Both wear of the circulating pump by abrasive properties of the suspension particles as well as caused for example by deposits in the lines or filters of the circuit reduction in cross-section or obstruction lead to a decrease in the pressure difference measured in the circuit. The monitoring of the pressure difference therefore allows timely initiated countermeasures.

Vorzugsweise ist eine Regeleinrichtung vorgesehen, um den maximalen bzw. absoluten Suspensionsdruck im Kreislauf konstant zu halten. Dazu wird der absolute Druck in dem Volumen an geeigneter Stelle gemessen und über eine Zuführpumpe die dem Volumen zugeführte Menge des Suspensionsmediums gesteuert. Obwohl dem Volumen über die Düsen kontinuierlich Merkmalssuspension entnommen wird, bleiben die wesentlichen Parameter im Volumen und damit auch an den Düsen konstant.Preferably, a control device is provided to keep the maximum or absolute suspension pressure in the circuit constant. For this purpose, the absolute pressure in the volume is measured at a suitable location and controlled via a feed pump, the volume supplied amount of the suspension medium. Even though the volume is continuously removed from the suspension via the nozzles, the essential parameters in the volume and thus also in the nozzles remain constant.

Alternativ kann anstatt des Druckes im Entnahmevolumen auch die geförderte bzw. umgewälzte Menge überwacht und konstant gehalten werden. Auch in diesem Fall werden dem Volumen entzogene Suspensionsanteile kompensiert und für konstante Verhältnisse gesorgt. Die Druckregelung hat jedoch den Vorteil, dass sie unabhängig von der Anzahl geöffneter Düsen dafür sorgt, dass bei gleichen Düsen aus jeder Düse die gleiche Suspensionsmenge austritt. Dies ist insbesondere von Vorteil, wenn bei laufender Papierbahnproduktion eine schnelle Änderung der mit den Suspensionsstrahlen im Papier erzeugten Codierung erfolgen soll.Alternatively, instead of the pressure in the sampling volume, the delivered or circulated quantity can also be monitored and kept constant. Also in this case, the volume withdrawn suspension components are compensated and provided for constant conditions. However, the pressure control has the advantage that it ensures that regardless of the number of nozzles opened, the same amount of suspension exits from each nozzle with the same nozzles. This is particularly advantageous if, during ongoing paper web production, a rapid change of the coding produced by the suspension jets in the paper should take place.

Für die Funktionsfähigkeit der Vorrichtung, mit der die Merkmalsstoffsuspension auf die Papierbahn aufgetragen wird, ist es wichtig, dass es zu keinen Ablagerungen, insbesondere von Merkmalsstoffen in einzelnen Bestandteilen der Vorrichtung kommt, da sich dies negativ auf die Druckverhältnisse in der Vorrichtung und damit auf die Gleichmäßigkeit der erzeugten Merkmalsmuster auswirken kann. Daher ist vorgesehen, dass die Merkmalsstoffsuspension in der gewünschten Konzentration im Wesentlichen erst in dem Volumen erzeugt wird, von welchem die Verbindungsleitungen zu den Strahlaustrittsdüsen abzweigen, im Fall der konkreten bevorzugten Ausführungsform also erst in dem geschlossenen Kreislaufsystem. Dem Kreislauf werden deshalb ein Merkmalsstoffkonzentrat und das Suspensionsmedium getrennt zugeführt, vorzugsweise örtlich vor der Pumpe, mit der die Merkmalsstoffsuspension in dem geschlossenen Kreislauf umgewälzt wird, so dass diese Umwälzpumpe die Funktion des Vermischens des Merkmalsstoffkonzentrats mit dem Suspensionsmedium übernimmt.For the functionality of the device with which the feature substance suspension is applied to the paper web, it is important that there are no deposits, in particular feature substances in individual components of the device, as this has a negative effect on the pressure conditions in the device and thus on the Uniformity of the generated feature pattern can affect. Therefore, it is provided that the feature substance suspension is generated in the desired concentration substantially only in the volume from which branch the connecting lines to the jet outlet nozzles, in the case of the concrete preferred Embodiment so only in the closed circulation system. Therefore, a feature substance concentrate and the suspension medium are supplied separately to the circulation, preferably locally in front of the pump, with which the feature substance suspension is circulated in the closed circuit, so that this circulation pump assumes the function of mixing the feature substance concentrate with the suspension medium.

Des Weiteren ist es vorteilhaft, eine Entgasungseinrichtung vorzusehen, zum Entgasen des Suspensionsmediums, bevor es dem Volumen zugeführt wird. Dadurch wird unter anderem erreicht, dass die Suspension, insbesondere bei Druckabfall nicht ausgast und Blasen bildet. Im entgasten Medium können sich auch bereits vorhandene Luftblasen in der Merkmalsstoffsuspension wieder auflösen. Würden solche Luftblasen mit der Merkmalsstoffsuspension aus den Düsen ausgetragen, so hätte dies einen negativen Einfluss auf die Kontur und Konzentrationsverteilung des Merkmalsstoffs an dieser Stelle im fertigen Papier. Aus ähnlichen Gründen sind die Verbindungsleitungen vorzugsweise von oben an das Volumen angeschlossen und ragen in das Volumen hinein, so dass etwaige in dem Volumen enthaltene Luftblasen nicht in die Verbindungsleitungen gelangen können und darüber hinaus auch keine in dem Volumen sedimentierten Merkmalsstoffe in die Verbindungsleitungen gelangen und diese blockieren können. Denn insbesondere bei Merkmalsstoffen mit besonders hoher Dichte besteht die Gefahr, dass sich einige größere Partikel am Grund des Volumens ablagern.Furthermore, it is advantageous to provide a degassing device for degassing the suspension medium before it is supplied to the volume. This ensures, inter alia, that the suspension does not outgas and forms bubbles, especially when the pressure drops. In the degassed medium, even existing air bubbles in the feature substance suspension can dissolve again. If such air bubbles were discharged from the nozzles with the feature substance suspension, this would have a negative influence on the contour and concentration distribution of the feature substance at this point in the finished paper. For similar reasons, the connecting lines are preferably connected to the volume from above and protrude into the volume, so that any air bubbles contained in the volume can not get into the connecting lines and, moreover, no feature substances sedimented in the volume reach the connecting lines and these can block. Because especially with feature substances with particularly high density, there is a risk that some larger particles deposit at the bottom of the volume.

In bevorzugten Ausführungen sind zwischen den Entnahmestellen der Suspension vom Puffervolumen und den Düsen Absperrvorrichtungen vorgesehen, die ein individuelles Ein- und Ausschalten jeder einzelnen Düse ermöglichen. Die Absperrvorrichtungen können beispielsweise Absperrhähne oder Ventile sein, die manuell oder automatisch gesteuert und manuell, elektrisch oder pneumatisch betätigt werden. Damit kann in einer Papierbahn ein individuelles oder sich regelmäßig wiederholendes Merkmalsmuster erzeugt werden, das auch aus unterbrochenen Spuren bestehen kann und wodurch auch codierte Informationen wiedergegeben werden können. Insbesondere bei automatisch gesteuerten Schaltvorrichtungen können Merkmalsmuster erzeugt werden, deren Auf- bzw. Einbringung in die Papierbahn mit darauf befindlichen Marken synchronisiert wird. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden diese Marken durch im Papier vorhandene Wasserzeichen gebildet.In preferred embodiments, shut-off devices are provided between the sampling points of the suspension of the buffer volume and the nozzles, which allow individual switching on and off of each individual nozzle. The shut-off devices may be, for example, shut-off valves or valves which are manually or automatically controlled and operated manually, electrically or pneumatically. This can be in a paper web an individual or regularly repeating pattern of features can be generated, which can also consist of broken tracks and which also encoded information can be played. In particular, in automatically controlled switching devices, feature patterns can be generated whose placement or insertion in the paper web is synchronized with marks located thereon. In a preferred embodiment, these marks are formed by watermarks present in the paper.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung beispielhaft anhand einer Schemazeichnung erläutert, die eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einer Papiermaschine zeigt.The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to a schematic drawing showing a device according to the invention in a paper machine.

Von der Papiermaschine ist lediglich ein winziger Ausschnitt dargestellt, nämlich das Ende des Papierbildungssiebs 1. Eine Papierbahn 2, die strichliniert dargestellt ist, verlässt das Papierbildungssieb 1 in Pfeilrichtung. In diesem Zustand ist die Papierbahn 2 bereits weit gehend verfestigt, aber noch feucht. Die das Papierbildungssieb 1 verlassende Papierbahn 2 wird weitertransportiert und unter einer Düsentraverse 10 hindurchgeführt. Durch die Düsen 11 hindurch wird eine Merkmalsstoffsuspension von oben auf die feuchte Papierbahn geleitet, um linienförmige Merkmalsmuster parallel zur Papierbahnaußenkante in der Papierbahn zu erzeugen. Mehrere hundert Düsen 11 können nebeneinander vorgesehen werden, die einzeln über zugeordnete Absperrhähne 12 aktivierbar und deaktivierbar sind. Den Düsen 11 in Papierbahntransportrichtung nachgeordnet ist eine Absaugeinrichtung 3, die unter der Papierbahn 2 vorgesehen ist, um die mittels den Düsen 11 auf die Papierbahn 2 aufgebrachte Merkmalsstoffsuspension durch die Papierbahn 2 hindurch abzusaugen, so dass lediglich die Merkmalsstoffe im Papier zurückbleiben. Wie der Figur zu entnehmen ist, kann diese Absaugeinrichtung bereits in Papierbahntransportrichtung vor den Düsen 11 beginnen. Die Papierbahn 2 wird anschließend wahlweise nachfolgenden, nicht dargestellten Bearbeitungsstationen zum Trocknen, Beschichten, Bedrucken und dergleichen zugeführt.Of the paper machine, only a tiny detail is shown, namely the end of the paper forming screen 1. A paper web 2, which is shown by dashed lines, leaves the paper forming wire 1 in the direction of the arrow. In this state, the paper web 2 is already largely solidified, but still wet. The paper web 2 leaving the paper forming screen 1 is transported further and passed under a nozzle traverse 10. Through the nozzles 11, a feature substance suspension is passed from above onto the moist paper web in order to produce line-shaped feature patterns parallel to the paper web outer edge in the paper web. Several hundred nozzles 11 can be provided side by side, which can be activated and deactivated individually via associated shut-off valves 12. Downstream of the nozzles 11 in the paper web transport direction is a suction device 3, which is provided below the paper web 2 in order to suck off the feature substance suspension applied to the paper web 2 by the nozzles 11 through the paper web 2, so that only the feature substances remain in the paper. As can be seen from the figure, this suction device can already start in paper web transporting direction in front of the nozzles 11. The paper web 2 is then optionally subsequent processing stations, not shown, for drying, coating, printing and the like supplied.

Die Vorrichtung zum Einbringen der Merkmalsstoffe in die Papierbahn setzt sich im Wesentlichen aus vier Teilsystemen zusammen. Kernbestandteil der Vorrichtung ist der als Rohrleitungssystem ausgebildete geschlossene Kreislauf 13 der Düsentraverse 10, welcher als Umwälzpumpe eine Kreiselpumpe 14 zur kontinuierlichen Förderung der Merkmalsstoffsuspension in dem Rohrleitungssystem besitzt. Das zweite Teilsystem wird durch die Wasseraufbereitung und -zuführung 20 und das dritte Teilsystem durch die Merkmalsstoffkonzentrataufbereitung und -zuführung 30 gebildet. Das vierte Teilsystem bilden die Düsen 11 und ihre Verbindungsleitungen 15 zum geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 der Düsentraverse 10. Die einzelnen Teilsysteme werden nachfolgend detailliert beschrieben.The device for introducing the feature substances into the paper web consists essentially of four subsystems. The core component of the device is formed as a pipeline system closed circuit 13 of the nozzle cross member 10, which has a circulation pump as a centrifugal pump 14 for continuously conveying the feature substance suspension in the piping system. The second subsystem is formed by the water treatment and supply 20 and the third subsystem by the feature substance concentrate preparation and supply 30. The fourth subsystem form the nozzles 11 and their connection lines 15 to the closed circuit 13 of the nozzle cross member 10. The individual subsystems are described in detail below.

In einem Vorratsbehälter werden die Merkmalsstoffe als Merkmalsstoffkonzentrat zur Verfügung gehalten. Durch eine Deckelöffnung 32 werden dem Behälter 31 Merkmalsstoffe in pulverisierter Form zugeführt. Die Zuführung von Wasser erfolgt über eine absperrbare Zuleitung 33. Wasser und Merkmalsstoffe werden mittels einem Rührwerk 34 gemischt, und die Merkmalsstoffkonzentration liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 10 bis 30 Gew.-%, insbesondere bei 0,4 kg Merkmalsstoff auf 11 Wasser. Der genaue Konzentrationswert im Vorratsbehälter ist relativ unkritisch, da die endgültige Konzentration der von den Düsen 11 auf die Papierbahn 2 geleiteten Merkmalsstoffsuspension erst im geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 durch Zumischen von Wasser eingestellt wird. Je höher die Konzentration im Vorratsbehälter ist, desto größer ist der Merkmalsvorrat und damit die Zeitspanne bis zum Nachfüllen des Vorratsbehälters. Der Füllstand des Vorratsbehälters wird mit einem Füllstandsmesser 35 überwacht. Die Konzentration im Vorratsbehälter darf allerdings eine vorgegebene Viskositätsgrenze des Merkmalskonzentrats nicht überschreiten, da ansonsten die Förderung des Merkmalskonzentrats mittels der vorzugsweise als Membranpumpe ausgebildeten Dosierpumpe 36 beeinträchtigt wird. Bei den zuvor angegebenen Konzentrationswerten ist die Merkmalsstoffsuspension für die meisten Merkmalsstoffe noch sehr dünnflüssig, nahezu wasserartig. Über die Zuführleitung 38 pumpt die Dosierpumpe 36 das Merkmalsstoffkonzentrat letztendlich aus dem Vorratsbehälter 31 in den geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 der Düsentraverse 10.In a storage container, the feature substances are kept available as feature substance concentrate. Through a lid opening 32, feature substances in pulverized form are supplied to the container 31. The supply of water via a shut-off supply line 33. Water and feature substances are mixed by means of a stirrer 34, and the feature substance concentration is preferably in the range of 10 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 0.4 kg feature substance to 11 water. The exact concentration value in the reservoir is relatively uncritical, since the final concentration of the fuel substance suspension passed from the nozzles 11 to the paper web 2 is adjusted only in the closed circuit 13 by admixing water. The higher the concentration in the reservoir, the greater the feature stock and thus the time to refill the reservoir. The level of the reservoir is monitored by a level gauge 35. However, the concentration in the reservoir may not exceed a predetermined viscosity limit of the feature concentrate, since otherwise the promotion of the feature concentrate by means of preferably designed as a diaphragm pump Metering pump 36 is impaired. At the concentration values given above, the feature substance suspension for most feature substances is still very fluid, almost water-like. Via the supply line 38, the metering pump 36 finally pumps the feature substance concentrate from the storage container 31 into the closed circuit 13 of the nozzle crosspiece 10.

Dem geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 wird darüber hinaus aufbereitetes Wasser über eine Zuführleitung 28 zugeführt. Das Wasser wird zuvor in einem beispielsweise 201 fassenden Vakuumbehälter 21 bei einem Unterdruck von circa 0,3 bar gegenüber dem Umgebungsdruck entgast, so dass sich etwaige Luftblasen, die beispielsweise mit dem Merkmalsstoffkonzentrat in den geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 gelangen, in der Merkmalsstoffsuspension des geschlossenen Kreislaufs 13 auflösen können. Der Vakuumbehälter ist mit einer Vakuumpumpe 27 und einem Füllstandsmesser 25 ausgestattet, der dafür sorgt, dass der Füllstand aus Sicherheitsgründen auf etwa 90% der Kapazität gehalten wird. Eine beispielsweise als Zahnradpumpe 26 ausgeführte Zuführpumpe fördert das aufbereitete Wasser aus dem Vakuumbehälter 21 über die Zuführleitung 28 dem geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 zu. Die maximale Fördermenge der Zahnradpumpe 26 liegt beispielsweise bei etwa 5501 pro Stunde, was ausreichend ist, um etwa 300 Düsen gleichzeitig mit einem Durchsatz von ca. 1,7 l pro Stunde je Düse zu versorgen. Vorzugsweise ist in der Wasseraufbereitung und -zuführung 20 zusätzlich eine Wasserentkalkungseinrichtung integriert, die in der Figur jedoch nicht dargestellt ist.In addition, treated water is supplied to the closed circuit 13 via a feed line 28. The water is previously degassed in an example 201 holding vacuum container 21 at a negative pressure of about 0.3 bar relative to the ambient pressure, so that any air bubbles that enter, for example, with the feature substance concentrate in the closed circuit 13, in the feature substance suspension of the closed circuit thirteenth can dissolve. The vacuum tank is equipped with a vacuum pump 27 and a level gauge 25, which ensures that the level is kept at about 90% capacity for safety reasons. An example designed as a gear pump 26 feed pump delivers the treated water from the vacuum tank 21 via the supply line 28 to the closed circuit 13 to. The maximum delivery rate of the gear pump 26 is, for example, about 550 liters per hour, which is sufficient to supply about 300 nozzles simultaneously with a throughput of about 1.7 liters per hour per nozzle. Preferably, a Wasserentkalkungseinrichtung is additionally integrated in the water treatment and supply 20, which is not shown in the figure.

Der geschlossene Kreislauf 13 wird im Wesentlichen gebildet durch ein geschlossenes Rohrleitungssystem mit integrierter Kreiselpumpe 14 zum Umwälzen der im geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 geförderten Merkmalsstoffsuspension. Dem geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 wird das Merkmalsstoffkonzentrat sowie das aufbereitete Wasser über die Zuführleitungen 38, 28 kurz vor der Kreiselpumpe 14 zugeführt. Die Kreiselpumpe 14 übernimmt somit die Funktion der Durchmischung des zugeführten Merkmalsstoffkonzentrats mit dem zugeführten, aufbereiteten Wasser. Dadurch wird gewährleistet, dass die Konzentrationsverteilung der Merkmalsstoffe in der Merkmalsstoffsuspension weitest gehend homogen ist, bevor Merkmalsstoffsuspensionsanteile über die Verbindungsleitungen 15 zu den Düsen 11 aus dem Kreislauf 13 abgezweigt werden. Ein Sieb 16 mit 100 µm Siebeinsatz aus Edelstahl ist kurz hinter der Kreiselpumpe vorgesehen und hält Partikel zurück, die zu einer Verstopfung der Düsen 11 führen könnten. Beispielsweise am Siebeinsatz ist ein Absperrhahn 17 zum Entlüften der Vorrichtung nach ihrem Einschalten vorgesehen.The closed circuit 13 is essentially formed by a closed piping system with integrated centrifugal pump 14 for circulating the feature substance suspension conveyed in the closed circuit 13. The closed circuit 13 is the feature substance concentrate and the treated water via the supply lines 38, 28 shortly before Centrifugal pump 14 supplied. The centrifugal pump 14 thus assumes the function of mixing the supplied Merkmalsstoffkonzentrats with the supplied, treated water. This ensures that the concentration distribution of the feature substances in the feature substance suspension is for the most part homogeneous before feature substance suspension fractions are branched off from the circuit 13 via the connection lines 15 to the nozzles 11. A sieve 16 with a 100 μm sieve insert made of stainless steel is provided shortly after the centrifugal pump and retains particles which could lead to a blockage of the nozzles 11. For example, on the strainer insert a stopcock 17 is provided for venting the device after its switching.

Der geschlossene Kreislauf 13 besitzt zwei Regelkreise, nämlich einen Druckregelkreis und einen Dichteregelkreis.The closed circuit 13 has two control circuits, namely a pressure control loop and a density control loop.

Der Druckregelkreis umfasst zwei Drucksensoren P1 und P2 an unterschiedlichen Stellen im geschlossenen Kreislauf 13, nämlich vorzugsweise einerseits an einer Stelle vor den Abzweigungen der Verbindungsleitungen 15 zu den Düsen 11 und andererseits an einer in Kreislaufströmungsrichtung nachgeordneten Stelle. Der Druck p1 kann je nach Leitungslängen und -querschnitten beispielsweise zwischen 500 und 800 mbar betragen. Abweichungen von diesem Sollwert werden gemessen und dazu verwendet, die Zahnradpumpe 26 zur Förderung des aufbereiteten Wassers so zu regeln, dass der Sollwert p1 aufrechterhalten wird. Der Druckwert p2 wird vorzugsweise hinter der Abzweigung der letzten Verbindungsleitung 15 zur letzten Düse 11 gemessen, um den Druckabfall zu ermitteln, der sich aufgrund der abgezweigten Merkmalsstoffsuspensionsanteile und dem Strömungswiderstand der Leitungen in dem geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 einstellt. Dieser Druckabfall soll immer konstant sein, um sicherzustellen, dass an allen Düsen 11, unabhängig von der Anzahl der aktivierten Düsen, zu jedem Zeitpunkt in etwa dieselben Druckverhältnisse vorherrschen. Da die Druckdifferenz p2 - p1 direkt abhängig ist von der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Merkmalsstoffsuspension in dem geschlossenen Kreislauf 13, wird der Differenzdruckmesswert p2 - p1 dazu verwendet, die Fördermenge der Kreiselpumpe 14 zu überwachen.The pressure control loop comprises two pressure sensors P 1 and P 2 at different points in the closed circuit 13, namely preferably at one point at a location in front of the branches of the connecting lines 15 to the nozzles 11 and on the other hand at a downstream point in the circulation flow direction. The pressure p 1 can be, for example, between 500 and 800 mbar, depending on the line lengths and cross-sections. Deviations from this set point are measured and used to regulate the gear pump 26 for conveying the treated water so that the set value p 1 is maintained. The pressure value p 2 is preferably measured after the branching off of the last connection line 15 to the last nozzle 11, in order to determine the pressure drop that occurs due to the diverted feature substance suspension components and the flow resistance of the lines in the closed circuit 13. This pressure drop should always be constant to ensure that at all times approximately the same pressure conditions prevail on all nozzles 11, regardless of the number of activated nozzles. Because the pressure difference p 2 - p 1 is directly dependent on the flow velocity of the feature substance suspension in the closed circuit 13, the differential pressure measurement p 2 - p 1 is used to monitor the flow rate of the centrifugal pump 14.

Der Dichteregelkreis umfasst einen Dichtesensor p. Der Zulauf des Dichtesensors p ist unmittelbar hinter dem Sieb 16 direkt an den geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 angeschlossen. Der Ablauf des Dichtesensors p befindet sich auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite kurz vor dem Eingang der Kreiselpumpe 14. Der Druckabfall zwischen Zu- und Ablauf sorgt für eine ausreichende Durchströmung des Dichtesensors p , die verhindert, dass sich Ablagerungen im Dichtesensor ρ ausbilden. Mittels des Dichtesensors ρ wird die aktuelle Dichte der Merkmalsstoffsuspension in dem geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 ermittelt. Sie ist ein Maß für die Konzentration an Merkmalsstoffen in der Merkmalsstoffsuspension des geschlossenen Kreislaufs 13. Entsprechend der vom Dichtesensor ρ gelieferten Information über die aktuelle Dichte der Merkmalsstoffsuspension wird die Dosierpumpe 36 am Vorratsbehälter 31 geregelt, um einen vorgegebenen Sollwert der Suspensionsdichte einzustellen, der einer Konzentration eines Merkmalstoffs entspricht. Eine typische Dichteeinstellung für die Dosierung von Merkmalsstoffen in der Merkmalsstoffsuspension liegt bei etwa 0,1 bis 0,5 Gew.-%.The density control circuit comprises a density sensor p. The inlet of the density sensor p is connected directly behind the sieve 16 directly to the closed circuit 13. The flow of the density sensor p is located on the opposite side just before the entrance of the centrifugal pump 14. The pressure drop between inlet and outlet ensures sufficient flow through the density sensor p, which prevents deposits form in the density sensor ρ. The density of the feature substance suspension in the closed circuit 13 is determined by means of the density sensor ρ. It is a measure of the concentration of feature substances in the feature substance suspension of the closed circuit 13. According to the density of the feature substance suspension supplied by the density sensor ρ, the metering pump 36 is controlled on the reservoir 31 to set a predetermined desired value of the suspension density of a concentration corresponds to a feature substance. A typical density setting for the dosage of feature substances in the feature substance suspension is about 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.

Durch die vorgenannten Maßnahmen wird sichergestellt, dass an jeder Abzweigung einer Verbindungsleitung 15 nicht nur dieselbe Merkmalsstoffkonzentration in der Merkmalsstoffsuspension vorliegt sondern auch ein zeitlich konstanter, wenn auch von Verbindungsleitung zu Verbindungsleitung unterschiedlicher Verbindungsleitungseingangsdruck. Unter diesen Voraussetzungen lässt sich durch einfache konstruktive Gestaltung der Verbindungsleitungen für alle Leitungen derselbe Verbindungsleitungsaustrittsdruck einstellen, indem durch geeignete Wahl des Durchmessers und/oder vorzugsweise der Länge der Verbindungsleitungen 15 ein definierter Druckverlust in jeder Verbindungsleitung 15 erzeugt wird, so dass am Ende der Verbindungsleitungen, das heißt an den Düsen 11, jeweils derselbe Druck vorliegt. Um beispielsweise bei einem Druck p1 im Bereich von 500 bis 800 mbar und einem entsprechend geringerem Wert für p2 im geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 für alle Düsen 11 denselben Düsenaustrittsdruck zu erzielen, haben sich Verbindungsleitungen 15 mit einer Länge von typischerweise einigen Dezimetern als geeignet erwiesen, wobei die Verbindungsleitungen beispielsweise aus Schläuchen mit einem Innendurchmesser von ca. 1 mm bestehen.The aforementioned measures ensure that not only the same feature substance concentration in the feature substance suspension is present at each branch of a connecting line 15, but also a chronologically constant, although different connection line inlet pressure from connecting line to connecting line. Under these conditions, the same connection line outlet pressure can be set by simple structural design of the connecting lines for all lines by a defined pressure drop by a suitable choice of the diameter and / or preferably the length of the connecting lines 15 is generated in each connecting line 15, so that at the end of the connecting lines, that is, at the nozzles 11, in each case the same pressure is present. In order to achieve, for example, at a pressure p 1 in the range of 500 to 800 mbar and a correspondingly lower value for p 2 in the closed circuit 13 for all the nozzles 11 the same nozzle exit pressure, connecting lines have proven to 15 with a length of typically a few tens of centimeters to be suitable, wherein the connecting lines, for example, consist of hoses with an inner diameter of about 1 mm.

Jede Verbindungsleitung 15 besitzt einen individuellen Absperrhahn 12. Die Absperrung einzelner Absperrhähne 12 hat allerdings auf den Durchsatz und Düsenaustrittsdruck keine Auswirkungen, da der Verbindungsleitungseintrittsdruck mittels der zuvor beschriebenen Druckregelung unabhängig von der Anzahl aktiver Düsen in etwa konstant gehalten wird.However, the isolation of individual shut-off valves 12 has no effect on the throughput and nozzle discharge pressure, since the connection line inlet pressure is kept approximately constant by means of the above-described pressure control regardless of the number of active nozzles.

Die Absperrhähne 12 können auch durch Absperrventile ersetzt werden. Insbesondere bei häufigem oder schnellen Wechsel der erzeugten Codierungsmuster ist eine (in der Figur nicht dargestellte) elektrische oder pneumatische Ansteuerung der Absperrvorrichtungen vorteilhaft. Insgesamt können mehrere Hundert Düsen in einem Abstand von ca. 3 bis 15 mm auch versetzt nebeneinander angeordnet werden.The shut-off valves 12 can also be replaced by shut-off valves. In particular, in the case of frequent or rapid change of the generated coding pattern (not shown in the figure) electrical or pneumatic control of the shut-off devices is advantageous. Overall, several hundred nozzles at a distance of about 3 to 15 mm also offset from each other can be arranged.

Es sei noch erwähnt, dass die Verbindungsleitungen 15 von oben an den geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 angeschlossen sind, um zu verhindern, dass größere Merkmalsstoffpartikel, die sich am Grund des geschlossenen Kreislaufs 13 abgelagert haben, angesaugt werden, was zu einer Verstopfung der Bauteile, wie Absperrhähne, Düsen etc. führen könnte. Darüber hinaus ragen die Verbindungsleitungen 15 von oben etwa 10 mm in den geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 hinein, um zu verhindern, dass etwaige Luftblasen mit der Merkmalsstoffsuspension durch die Düsen 11 ausgetragen werden, was sich negativ auf die Qualität des erzeugten Streifenmusters auswirken würde. Die vorbeschriebene Vorrichtung zum Einbringen von Merkmalsstoffen in eine Papierbahn ermöglicht unterschiedlichste Liniencodierungen durch Aktivierung und Deaktivierung einzelner Düsen 11 mittels der jeweils zugeordneten Absperrhähne 12, ohne dass dies eine Auswirkung auf die im fertigen Papier letztendlich vorliegende Merkmalsstoffkonzentration der einzelnen Linien hat. Dies ist ganz wesentlich zurückzuführen auf den besonderen Druckregelkreis, bei dem der Absolutdruck im Volumen, also z.B. der Druck p1 in dem geschlossenen Kreislauf 13 vor Abzweigung der Verbindungsleitungen 15 und der Druck p2 nach Abzweigung der Verbindungsleitungen 15 gemessen und durch Steuerung der Fördermenge der Zahnradpumpe 26 jeweils auf einem konstanten Wert gehalten werden. Die mittels diesem Druckregelkreis erzielten Vorteile werden auch dann erzielt, wenn die Merkmalsstoffsuspension nicht als laminarer Strahl mit geringem Strahldruck sondern beispielsweise mit hohem Strahldruck oder als turbulenter Strahl oder als Sprühstrahl auf die Oberfläche der Papierbahn geleitet wird.It should be noted that the connecting lines 15 are connected from above to the closed circuit 13, to prevent that larger feature substance particles that have deposited on the bottom of the closed circuit 13, are sucked in, resulting in a clogging of the components, such as shut-off valves , Nozzles etc. could lead. In addition, the connecting pipes 15 protrude from above about 10 mm into the closed circuit 13 in order to prevent any air bubbles with the feature substance suspension are discharged through the nozzles 11, which would adversely affect the quality of the generated stripe pattern. The above-described device for introducing feature substances into a paper web allows a wide variety of line codings by activating and deactivating individual nozzles 11 by means of the respectively associated shut-off valves 12, without this having any effect on the feature substance concentration of the individual lines ultimately present in the finished paper. This is very much due to the particular pressure control loop, in which the absolute pressure in the volume, ie for example the pressure p 1 measured in the closed circuit 13 before branching of the connecting lines 15 and the pressure p 2 after branching of the connecting lines 15 and by controlling the flow rate of the Gear pump 26 are each kept at a constant value. The advantages achieved by means of this pressure control loop are achieved even if the feature substance suspension is not passed as a laminar jet with low jet pressure but for example with high jet pressure or as a turbulent jet or as a spray on the surface of the paper web.

Claims (27)

  1. A method for incorporating feature substances into a paper web (2) during the papermaking process at a time when the bulk of the liquid is already withdrawn from the original paper stock, i.e. the paper web is still moist but already consolidated, by applying a feature substance suspension to the still moist paper web in such a way that the paper web does not undergo any change in fiber structure, characterized in that the feature substance suspension is directed onto the surface of the paper web as a laminar jet at such low jet pressure that the paper web does not undergo any change in fiber structure, whereby the laminar jet is directed onto the paper web (2) directly after sheet formation and removal of the still soft paper web from a paper-forming screen (1), whereby the laminar jet is followed by a suction device (3) in the transport direction of the paper web on the side of the paper web opposite the laminar jet in order to suck the suspending medium through the paper web (2).
  2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the feature substance suspension is formed substantially by feature substances dispersed in water.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the feature substance suspension contains luminescent pigments as feature substances.
  4. The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the feature substance suspension is constantly circulated in a volume (13), and there is drawn off said volume a feature substance suspension fraction which is used for incorporating the feature substances into the paper web (2).
  5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the feature substance suspension fraction is drawn off the volume (13) from above.
  6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the feature substance suspension is formed in the volume (13) by a feature substance concentrate and a suspending medium being supplied separately to the volume.
  7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the suspending medium is degassed before it is supplied to the volume.
  8. The method according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein a solid jet nozzle or flat jet nozzle (11) is employed for directing the feature substance suspension onto the surface of the paper web in the form of a laminar jet.
  9. The method according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the feature substance concentration in the feature substance suspension is adjusted so low that the presence of the feature substances in the finished paper web is not recognizable to the naked eye.
  10. The method according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein several separate feature substance suspension jets are directed onto the paper web (2) at the same jet pressure for producing a multi-up sheet web.
  11. The method according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the jet pressure lies in the range of 30 mbar to 200 mbar.
  12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the jet pressure lies in the range of 50 mbar to 100 mbar.
  13. An apparatus for incorporating feature substances into a paper web (2) at a place in a paper machine where a bulk of the liquid is already withdrawn from the original paper stock, i.e. the paper web is still moist but already consolidated, wherein the apparatus comprises:
    - a volume (13) for receiving a feature substance suspension,
    - one or more nozzles (11) communicating with the volume (13), and
    - a device (P1, P2, 26) for controlling a pressure at which a feature substance suspension fraction withdrawn from the volume (13) is directed onto the paper web (2) through the nozzles (11),
    wherein the pressure control device (P 1, P 2, 26) and the nozzles (11) are so configured and mutually coordinated that the feature substance suspension fraction is adjustable as a laminar jet exiting from the nozzles (11) at such low pressure that the paper web does not undergo any change in fiber structure, whereby the nozzles (11) are directed onto the paper web (2) after a paper-forming screen (1) in the transport direction of the paper web, and the nozzles (11) are followed by a suction device (3) in the transport direction of the paper web on the side of the paper web (2) opposite the nozzles (11) in order to suck the suspending medium through the paper web (2).
  14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the pressure control device has at least one pressure-measuring device (P 1, P 2) and a device (26) for increasing the pressure in the volume.
  15. The apparatus according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the jet pressure at the nozzle inlet lies in the range of 30 mbar to 200 mbar.
  16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the jet pressure at the nozzle inlet lies in the range of 50 mbar to 100 mbar.
  17. The apparatus according to any of claims 13 to 16 comprising a device (14) for conveying the feature substance suspension within the volume (13).
  18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the volume (13) forms a closed circuit.
  19. The apparatus according to claim 17 or 18, wherein pipes (15) for connecting the nozzles (11) to the volume (13) are disposed one after the other in the conveying direction of the feature substance suspension and wherein the pressure control device has a first pressure sensor (P 1) before the connecting pipes (15) in the conveying direction and a second pressure sensor (P 2) after the connecting pipes (15) in the conveying direction in order to adjust a target pressure using the measured pressure values in the volume (13) and to monitor a target pressure loss.
  20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein at least some of the connecting pipes (15) cause a different pressure loss at the same flow volume so as to cause roughly the same outlet pressure despite a different inlet pressure of the feature substance suspension fraction directed therethrough.
  21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein a different pressure loss in the connecting pipes (15) is caused by different lengths and/or diameters of the connecting pipes.
  22. The apparatus according to any of claims 13 to 21, wherein pipes (15) for connecting the nozzles (11) to the volume (13) are attached to the volume (13) from above.
  23. The apparatus according to any of claims 13 to 22, comprising feed pipes (38, 28) for separately supplying a feature substance concentrate, on the one hand, and a suspending medium, on the other hand, into the volume (13).
  24. The apparatus according to claim 23, comprising a degassing device (31 to 34) for degassing the suspending medium before it is supplied to the volume (13).
  25. The apparatus according to any of claims 13 to 24, wherein the nozzles (11) are configured as solid jet nozzles or flat jet nozzles.
  26. The apparatus according to any of claims 19 to 25, characterized in that shut-off devices (12) are provided in the pipes (15).
  27. A paper machine for producing a paper web (2) from a fibrous pulp-like paper stock, comprising an apparatus according to any of claims 13 to 26.
EP02007221A 2001-04-27 2002-03-27 Process and apparatus for inserting security elements into a paper web Expired - Lifetime EP1253241B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10120818 2001-04-27
DE10120818A DE10120818A1 (en) 2001-04-27 2001-04-27 Method and device for introducing feature substances into a paper web

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EP1253241A2 EP1253241A2 (en) 2002-10-30
EP1253241A3 EP1253241A3 (en) 2004-02-04
EP1253241B1 true EP1253241B1 (en) 2011-07-27

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EP (1) EP1253241B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE518032T1 (en)
DE (1) DE10120818A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2369753T3 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
EP1253241A2 (en) 2002-10-30
EP1253241A3 (en) 2004-02-04
DE10120818A1 (en) 2002-10-31
ATE518032T1 (en) 2011-08-15
US20050230071A1 (en) 2005-10-20
US20020166647A1 (en) 2002-11-14
US6936138B2 (en) 2005-08-30
ES2369753T3 (en) 2011-12-05
US7175739B2 (en) 2007-02-13

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