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EP1113083A2 - Procédé pour le contrôle de concentration de flux dans des tubes de guidage - Google Patents

Procédé pour le contrôle de concentration de flux dans des tubes de guidage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1113083A2
EP1113083A2 EP00311633A EP00311633A EP1113083A2 EP 1113083 A2 EP1113083 A2 EP 1113083A2 EP 00311633 A EP00311633 A EP 00311633A EP 00311633 A EP00311633 A EP 00311633A EP 1113083 A2 EP1113083 A2 EP 1113083A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
guide tube
discharge guide
central orifice
metal
induction heater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP00311633A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1113083A3 (fr
Inventor
Robert John Zabala
Mark Gilbert Benz
Howard Roscoe Hart, Jr.
Bruce Alan Knudsen
William Thomas Carter, Jr.
Russell Scott Miller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of EP1113083A2 publication Critical patent/EP1113083A2/fr
Publication of EP1113083A3 publication Critical patent/EP1113083A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods of providing and controlling electromagnetic flux in dispensing refined metal.
  • the invention relates to providing, controlling, and concentrating electromagnetic flux during dispensing of refined metal using a copper guide tube.
  • Electroslag refining is an exemplary metal refining process that is used to melt and refine a wide range of alloys, including but not limited to superalloys, for removing various impurities therefrom.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,160,532 issued to Benz et al., discloses an electroslag refining apparatus that is assigned to the Assignee of the present invention, General Electric.
  • Other ESR structures are set forth in several US patents issued to the Assignee of the present invention, General Electric, including US Patent Nos.
  • an electroslag refining apparatus comprises an ingot being connected to a power supply, for example one of an alternating or direct current power supply.
  • the ingots comprise unrefined alloys that may include various defects or impurities, which are desired to be removed during the refining process to enhance its metallurgical properties, including, but are not limited to, oxide cleanliness, grain size and microstructure.
  • the ingot forms a consumable electrode that is suitably suspended in a water-cooled crucible, which contains a slag corresponding with the alloy being refined.
  • the slag is heated by passing an electrical current from the consumable electrode through the slag into the crucible.
  • the slag is maintained at a suitable high temperature for melting the lower end of the consumable electrode into an ingot melt.
  • the consumable electrode melt As the consumable electrode melts, a refining action takes place with oxide inclusions in the ingot melt being exposed to the liquid slag and dissolved therein.
  • Refined liquid melt of the ingot melt falls through the slag by gravity, which may be augmented or diminished by electromagnetic forces or other means.
  • the liquid refined melt is collected in a liquid melt pool at the bottom of the crucible.
  • the slag therefore, effectively removes various impurities from the melt to effect the refining thereof.
  • the refined melt may be extracted from the crucible by an induction-heated, segmented, water-cooled copper guide tube.
  • the refined melt extracted from the crucible thus provides a liquid metal source for various solidification processes including, but not limited to, powder atomization, spray deposition, spray forming, investment casting, melt-spinning, nucleated-casting, strip casting, and slab casting.
  • the crucible can be formed of copper, and is typically water-cooled to form a solid slag and/or metal skull on its surface.
  • the solid slag or metal skull bounds the liquid slag and prevents damage to the crucible itself.
  • the bottom of the crucible typically includes a water-cooled, cold hearth, which can be formed of copper, against which a solid skull of the refined melt forms for maintaining the purity of the collected melt at the bottom of the crucible.
  • a discharge guide tube assembly below the hearth can also be formed of copper.
  • the discharge guide tube assembly is often segmented and water-cooled and allows the formation of a solid skull of the refined melt for maintaining the purity of the melt as it is extracted from the crucible.
  • the skulls can prevent contamination of the ingot melt from contact with the parent material of the crucible.
  • the electroslag refining apparatus also may include a plurality of water-cooled induction heating electrical conduits that surround the discharge guide tube.
  • the conduits inductively heat the melt and the discharge guide tube can control the discharge flow rate through the discharge guide tube. Accordingly, the thickness of the skull formed around the discharge orifice may be controlled and suitably matched with melting rates of the consumable electrode for obtaining a substantially steady state production through the discharge guide tube.
  • the discharge guide tube and cold hearth of some electroslag refining apparatuses are generally structurally complex, and generally comprise a plurality of fingers or segments, which are surrounded by the induction heating electrical conduits.
  • These induction heating electrical conduits are often single piece units that are typically provided with a set configuration to conform with the configuration of the discharge guide tube.
  • the configuration is provided to define a gap between the induction heating electrical conduits and the discharge guide tube. This configuration is suitable for heating the melt in and about the discharge guide tube in electroslag refining applications.
  • the gap therebetween changes due to the single-piece configuration of the induction heating electrical conduits. Therefore, the heating of the melt in and about the discharge guide tube in electroslag refining applications may be influenced, often detrimentally.
  • the above-described electrical conduits generate, an electromagnetic field, and an associated electromagnetic flux within the discharge guide tube, generating heat in the liquid metal stream flowing therethrough.
  • the intensity of the generated electromagnetic field and resulting electromagnetic flux is typically related to the heating capability of the guide tube apparatus. As the electromagnetic flux intensities increase, the heating capability within the discharge guide tube increases.
  • a high field intensity and electromagnetic flux, and resultant high heating capability in a guide tube apparatus is often desirable for creating an initial stream of metal, melting any undesired solid metal within the electroslag refining apparatus, and super-heating the stream flowing through the discharge guide tube.
  • the electromagnetic flux intensity in the electroslag refining apparatus can be enhanced by providing at least one of a high applied voltage in the electrical conduits and an increased number of induction heating elements disposed about the electroslag refining apparatus.
  • the configuration and structure of the electroslag refining apparatus can limit a number of induction heating elements. Further, the current amount is limited by the configuration and structure of the induction heating elements and an availability of electrical energy. Thus, the electroslag refining apparatus may be limited in its the capability to control or enhance the electromagnetic flux and thus the flow in the discharge guide tube and the heating of the metal flowing therethrough.
  • the discharge guide tube comprises a base plate, an extension, a central orifice that extends through the extension from a source of metal to an outlet in the discharge guide tube for directing a stream of metal therethrough, and an interior discharge guide tube flux concentration configuration; an induction heater system that generates an electromagnetic field in the discharge guide tube, the induction heater system being disposed on the extension with a gap defined therebetween, the induction heater system and the discharge guide tube being capable of relative vertical movement and subsequent positions with respect to each other with the gap being essentially constant.
  • the method for controlling electromagnetic flux concentration comprises providing current to the induction heater system; generating an electromagnetic field resulting from the step of providing current; and directing an electromagnetic flux to the central orifice at locations defined by the interior discharge guide tube flux concentration configuration in response to the generating an electromagnetic field.
  • the step of generating an electromagnetic flux also generates heat and the step of generating heat provides a control of the flow of the stream of metal in its liquidus condition.
  • the electromagnetic field is applied at a substantially constant level regardless of the relative vertical movement and subsequent positions between the induction heater system and the discharge guide tube.
  • a method for controlling and concentrating flux during dispensing from a metal refining apparatus and process comprises disposing an induction heater assembly on a discharge guide tube with a gap defined therebetween.
  • the metal refining apparatus and process comprise any appropriate metal refining apparatus and process, such as, but not limited to, an electroslag refining apparatuses and processes, vacuum-induction metal apparatuses and processes, induction melt apparatuses and processes, electron beam cold hearth apparatuses and processes, plasma arc apparatuses and processes, vacuum arc remelting apparatuses and processes, and others.
  • electroslag refining apparatuses and processes as exemplary refining apparatuses and processes in which refined metal is dispensed therefrom. This refining apparatus and process is merely for description purposes, and other metal refining apparatuses and processes are within the scope of the invention.
  • the discharge guide tube comprises an interior discharge guide tube flux concentration configuration concentrating electromagnetic flux and consequent heating of a stream of refined metal flowing through a central orifice in the discharge guide tube.
  • the electroslag refining apparatus 10 for conducting the method, as embodied by the invention, is schematically illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the electroslag refining apparatus 10 comprises a cylindrical crucible 12 in which an ingot 14 (also known in the art as a "consumable electrode"), which is to undergo electroslag refining, is suspended.
  • a feed device 16 is provided for feeding the consumable electrode 14 into the crucible 12 at a suitable feed rate, as known in the art.
  • the feed device 16 includes, but is not limited to, a suitable drive motor and transmission 16a, that rotate a screw 16b that in turn lowers, or translates downwardly, a support bar 16c that is fixedly joined at one end to the top of the consumable electrode 14.
  • the illustrated configuration of the electroslag refining apparatus 10 illustrates a consumable electrode 14 as the source of metal to be electroslag refined, the scope of the invention comprises other suitable sources, such as but not limited to a powder source or a liquid metal source.
  • the consumable electrode 14 comprises a suitable alloy to be electroslag refined, in which the alloy comprises nickel-, iron-, iron-nickel-, or cobalt-based alloy or superalloy.
  • a slag 18 is provided inside the crucible 12.
  • the slag 18 comprises any suitable composition for refining the consumable electrode 14.
  • a heater device 20 is provided for melting the tip of the consumable electrode 14 as the consumable electrode 14 is fed into the crucible 12.
  • the heater device 20 includes a suitable electrical current power supply 20a that is electrically connected to the consumable electrode 14.
  • the heater supply 20a is connected to the consumable electrode 14 through the supporting bar 16c, for example by an electrical lead 20b. Electrical current is carried through the consumable electrode 14, and through the liquid slag 18 to the crucible 12.
  • the slag 18 is resistively heated to a temperature that is suitable to melt the bottom end of the consumable electrode 14.
  • the illustrated configuration of the electroslag refining apparatus 10 illustrates a consumable electrode 14 as the source of electrical current, the scope of the invention comprises other suitable sources, such as but not limited to an unconsumed electrode.
  • a copper discharge melt guide 22 is removably attached to a bottom 12a of the crucible 12.
  • the discharge melt guide 22 comprises a central orifice 32 that includes a configuration to concentrate electromagnetic flux in the central orifice 32, so as to more efficiently heat metal therein, as described hereinafter.
  • the discharge melt guide 22 encloses the bottom of the crucible 12.
  • An electrical path can be provided between the power supply 20a by an electrical lead 20c.
  • the slag 18 is heated by the power supply 20a, and this heating causes a bottom tip of the consumable electrode 14 to be correspondingly heated and melted.
  • Liquid refined melt of molten metal, or simply liquid refined melt 14a from the consumable electrode 14 is formed.
  • the liquid refined melt 14a falls through the slag 18 and collects in a liquid metal pool or reservoir 24, which is disposed at the bottom of the crucible 12.
  • the electroslag refining apparatus 10 includes a cooling system 26 that cools the crucible 12 during operation of the electroslag refining apparatus 10.
  • the cooling system 26 can comprise a coolant supply 26a that is effective for pumping a coolant 26c, such as, but not limited to water, through a cooperating cooling jacket 26b that is disposed around the crucible 12.
  • the crucible 12 and cooling jacket 26b may be an integral assembly. Alternatively, the crucible 12 and cooling jacket 26b may be discrete components connected together in thermal cooperation.
  • the cooling jacket 26b includes suitable channels or conduits that extend therethrough, and coolant 26c is circulated for removing heat from the crucible 12 during operation of the electroslag refining apparatus 10.
  • a solid slag skull 18a can form inside the crucible 12 around the liquid slag 18.
  • the solid slag skull 18a can isolate the crucible 12 from the liquid slag 18 and the metal that can fall through the electroslag refining apparatus 10.
  • Electroslag refining of the consumable electrode 14 occurs as the metal liquid refined melt 14a are exposed to the slag 18.
  • the slag 18 dissolves inclusions, such as but not limited to oxide inclusions and nitrogen inclusions, from the liquid refined melt 14a.
  • the crucible 12 which typically comprises copper, is isolated from the refining process by the solid slag skull 18a. Therefore, the crucible 12 does not contaminate the ingot melt 14a.
  • the refined melt collects in the reservoir 24 at the bottom of the crucible 12.
  • the ingot skull 14b isolates the refined melt from the crucible 12 and prevents contamination of the melt by the crucible 12.
  • the liquid slag 18 floats atop the pool of refined melt that is collected above the discharge melt guide 22.
  • the discharge melt guide 22 is illustrated in Fig. 2, is configured to generate, electromagnetic flux intensity and concentration of heating when compared to conventional melt guides, such as in US Patent No. 5,809,057, to Benz, which is assigned to the Assignee of the instant invention and fully incorporated herein. It has been determined that the amount of induction heating in the discharge guide tube is generally proportional to the square of the applied electromagnetic field, and that with the interior discharge guide tube flux concentration configuration, as described hereinafter, provides electromagnetic flux in a substantially constant levels with changes in coil position.
  • Figure 2 provides an enlarged view of the discharge melt guide 22 enclosing the bottom 12a of the crucible 12.
  • the crucible 12 comprises a solid cylindrical member, with its bottom 12a formed as an annular radial flange.
  • the coolant jacket 26b comprises a double-walled cylinder that surrounds the crucible 12.
  • the coolant jacket 26b is hollow for receiving the coolant 26c for cooling the crucible 12.
  • the discharge melt guide 22 comprises a substantially flat base plate 28.
  • the base plate 28 can be formed from an appropriate heat and electrically conductive material, such as but not limited to, copper.
  • the base plate 28 comprises a circular disk that is complementary to the configuration of the crucible 12, and comprises an upper perimeter 28a with a diametrical portion that engages the crucible bottom 12a.
  • the discharge guide tube 22 can form a sealed attachment to the crucible 12.
  • fasteners 30, for example a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart bolts and cooperating nuts, can removably attach and seal the base plate 28 to the crucible bottom 12a.
  • the fasteners 30 extend through apertures in the perimeter of the base plate 28 that are aligned with apertures disposed in a suitable annular flange around the base of the coolant jacket 26b.
  • a gasket, or other such sealing element, may be provided between the base plate 28 and the crucible bottom 12a to be compressed therebetween upon assembly of the fasteners 30 that secure the base plate 28 to the bottom of crucible 12.
  • the base plate 28 of the discharge guide tube 22 comprises an upper surface 28b, which together with the crucible 12, defines the reservoir 24 for receiving and pooling liquid refined melt 14a.
  • the base plate 28 also comprises an external or lower surface 28c that is spaced below the upper surface 28b.
  • both surfaces 28b and 28c are illustrated as substantially flat and parallel to each other. This illustrated configuration is merely exemplary and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. The scope of the invention includes other configurations of these features, such as not limited to, concave, convex, arcuate, and combinations thereof, with or without flat and parallel features.
  • the base plate 28 also comprises includes a central orifice 32 (also known in the art as a "discharge guide tube orifice") formed in an extension 29 that extends to an outlet 100.
  • the central orifice 32 extends generally vertically through the base plate 28 between its upper and lower surfaces, 28b and 28c respectively.
  • the central orifice 32 allows refined melt 14a to be drained from the reservoir 24, for example, and in no way limiting of the invention, by at least one of gravity flow, pressure-induced flow, and vacuum-induced flow on the bottom of the refined melt 14a.
  • the discharge melt guide 22 comprises a central orifice 32 that includes an interior discharge guide tube flux concentration configuration to enhance heating, by concentrating electromagnetic flux in the central orifice 32, as described hereinafter.
  • the base plate 28 comprises at least one slot 34 formed therein, as illustrated in Fig. 3. Each slot 34 can extend vertically through the base plate 28. Each slot 34 directs the electromagnetic flux in the electroslag refining apparatus, as described hereinafter.
  • the base plate 28 may alternatively comprise a plurality of spaced apart slots 34, for example slots that are equiangularly, circumferentially spaced from each other, and that extend radially outwardly from the orifice 32 toward the perimeter of the base plate 28.
  • a plurality of equiangularly, circumferentially spaced slots 34 are illustrated in Fig. 4.
  • four slots 34 are illustrated as being disposed about 90 degrees apart from each other, however, this configuration is merely exemplary of the slot configurations within the scope of the invention.
  • the scope of the invention comprises any suitable number of slots 34 in the base plate 28.
  • the slots 34 may also be formed using electrodischarge machining (EDM). Alternatively, other known metallurgical processes may be used to form the slots 34, and are within the scope of the invention.
  • the slots 34 can be gas filled, or filled with an electrical insulation 36, such as, but not limited to, an epoxy polymer.
  • the slots 34 define a plurality of arcuate segments or fingers 28d.
  • the illustrated configuration (Fig. 4) shows four fingers 28d (alternatively referred to as "segments") defined between the slots 34.
  • the cooling system 40 for the base plate 28 can comprise channels 40a that extend inside each of the fingers 28d for circulating a coolant 26c therethrough.
  • the cooling system 40 can be provided with its own source of coolant.
  • the cooling system 40 may be disposed in parallel with the cooling supply 26a, and use the coolant that cools the crucible 12. This configuration is merely exemplary of the scope of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner.
  • Each finger 28d can comprise an approximate 90-degree corner.
  • the cooling channels 40a in the discharge guide tube 22 may be formed by drilling cylindrical holes radially inwardly from the outer perimeter of the base plate 28. Adjacent channels 40a may be disposed therein to converge radially inwardly and intersect near the central orifice 32, thus providing supply and return paths for coolant flow.
  • the cooling system 40 also includes a pair of coolant manifolds 40b and 40c, which may be integrally formed with the base plate 28.
  • the manifolds 40b and 40c may be attached around the perimeter of the base plate 28, with the supply manifold 40b being disposed in communication with a channel 40a for supplying the coolant.
  • the return manifold 40c may be disposed in communication with channels 40a for receiving return coolant.
  • the manifolds 40b and 40c can be connected to the coolant supply 26a for circulating the coolant.
  • the discharge melt guide 22 comprises an induction heater system 38.
  • the induction heater system 38 is disposed proximate and below the base plate lower surface 28c for induction heating the refined melt 14a.
  • proximate means near or close to, and is used with a meaning as understood by those of skill in the art with its conventional meaning.
  • the electromagnetic flux generated by the induction heater system 38 can be transmitted to those and other elements of the electroslag refining apparatus 10, resulting in heating as desired .
  • the induction heater system 38 may take any conventional configuration including, but not limited to, an annular or spiraling induction heater system configuration.
  • the coils of the induction heater system 38 can be disposed coaxially about the central orifice 32 and can extend radially over the slots 34. As illustrated in Fig. 1, the induction heater system 38 can include one or more suitable power supplies 38p that provide electrical current that is sufficient for induction heating.
  • the induction heating coils can comprise hollow coils that circulate a suitable coolant, such as, but not limited to, water.
  • the induction heater system 38 can comprise primary coils 38a, which are generally co-axial with the central orifice 32 along the extension 29, and secondary coils 38b that are generally disposed on surface 28c of the base plate 28.
  • the induction heater system 38 is disposed on the extension 29 of the discharge melt guide 22 to define a gap therebetween.
  • the disposition of the induction heater system 38 on the extension 29 allows movement of induction heater system 38 in the direction of arrow 500 (Fig. 6) with the gap remaining constant.
  • the constant nature of the gap allows generated heat, and electromagnetic flux from the induction heater system 38 to be substantially unaffected by movement of the induction heater system 38 in the direction of arrow 500.
  • the term "substantially” is used with its normal meaning as understood by those of skill in the art.
  • the primary coils 38a and secondary coils 38b of the induction heater system 38 may define independent primary and secondary coils, 38a and 38b, respectively. Alternatively, the primary coils 38a and secondary coils 38b may be connected to create an integral coil structure for the induction heater system 38.
  • the primary coils 38a and secondary coils 38b may take any appropriate coil configuration and structure, such as, but not limited to, water-cooled, current-carrying conduit coils.
  • the primary coils 38a and secondary coils 38b may be overlapped at at least one portion, such as but not limited to, coiled onto themselves.
  • the illustrated configurations are merely exemplary of the structures within the scope of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention in any manner.
  • the primary coil 38a of the induction heater device 38p can be disposed adjacent to and surrounding the central orifice 32 for heating the refined melt 14a that is discharged therethrough, as embodied by the invention.
  • the primary coil 38a may also control a thickness of the corresponding skull 14b that is disposed proximate the central orifice 32.
  • the secondary coils 38b can be spaced radially outwardly from the primary coil 38a, and may radially overlap (not illustrated).
  • the secondary coil 38b can comprise a sufficient number of turns for sufficiently heating the refined melt 14a around and in the central orifice 32.
  • the secondary coils 38b can also control a thickness of the ingot skull 14b, as described above.
  • the central orifice 32 of the discharge guide tube (also known as a “discharge guide tube”) 22 comprises an internal configuration with a profile that concentrates heat, electromagnetic field, and electromagnetic flux (hereinafter “heat and electromagnetic flux” since the electromagnetic flux is produced by the electromagnetic field) to the stream of liquid melt that flows therethrough.
  • heat and electromagnetic flux since the electromagnetic flux is produced by the electromagnetic field
  • the central orifice 32 comprises an angled and stepped profile about a central longitudinal axis 138 of the central orifice 32.
  • the stepped and angled profile can be formed by an inclined (first) central orifice ramp portion 130 that extends from a first central orifice portion 131 to a reduced diameter central orifice portion 132, which defines a constriction 133, and then to another (second) inclined central orifice ramp portion 134, which in turn leads to a further (second) central orifice portion 135.
  • the diameter of the second central orifice portion 132 is less that the diameter of the first central orifice portion 131.
  • the ramp portion leads to a constriction 133 in the central orifice 32 at which point the flux concentration in the central orifice 32 is higher than at other portions of the central orifice 32, such as at the first central orifice portion 131.
  • the configuration of the central orifice 32 at which the constriction 133 is formed can comprise any appropriate configuration that can produce the concentrations of electromagnetic flux, ,as embodied by the invention.
  • the angles for the inclined central orifice ramp portion 130 and 134 can comprise any angles that form the constriction 133.
  • the lengths of the inclined central orifice ramp portions 130 and 134 can be equal. Alternatively, lengths of the inclined central orifice ramp portions 130 and 134 need not be equal. Further, the length of the second central orifice portion 132 may vary. Also, the positioning of the second central orifice portion 132, and thus the constriction, in the central orifice 32 may vary.
  • the positioning of the second central orifice portion 132 and the constriction in the central orifice 32 may equi-spaced in the central orifice 32, be disposed closer to the electroslag refining apparatus 10 than an exit from the central orifice 32, or be disposed closer to the exit from the central orifice 32 than to the electroslag refining apparatus 10. Accordingly, the positioning and configuration of the features of the central orifice 32 to produce the heat and electromagnetic flux can vary, as long as the intended purpose of the invention is accomplished.
  • the central orifice 32 including the ramp portion 130 that extends from a first central orifice portion 131 to a second central orifice portion 132, may be formed by any metallurgical machining suitable process.
  • the scope of the invention includes forming the central orifice 32 by a machining processes, such as, but not limited to, at least one of drilling, lathe turning, and electrodischarge machining (EDM). If drilling is used to form the central orifice 32, a drilling process provides a passage, which has a diameter that generally equal to that of the constriction 133, and larger diameters at the first central orifice portion 131 may be provided by further drilling.
  • the central orifice 32 is formed to be generally perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces, 28b and 28c respectively, of the base plate 28. Therefore, the liquid refined melt 14a can flow straight downwardly by gravity from the central orifice 32 during electroslag refining operations.
  • the above-described drilling is merely exemplary of formation processes within the scope of the invention, and other formation processes can be used herein.
  • the induction heating system 38 is disposed along the lower surface 28c of the base plate 28 in a generally concentric configuration to be disposed around the central orifice 32.
  • the coils of the induction heating system 38 are also disposed over the radial extent of the slots 34 for transmitting electromagnetic energy into the melt 14a.
  • the heat and electromagnetic flux are transmitted to the constriction 133 in the central orifice 32 in amounts sufficient to maintain the stream of refined liquid melt 14a that is flowing through the central orifice 32 in a liquidus state for continued flow through the central orifice 32, as embodied by the invention. Further, the heat and electromagnetic flux can control the flow of refined liquid melt through the central orifice 32, as embodied by the invention.
  • the flow through the central orifice 32 can be lessened by reducing the amount of heat and electromagnetic flux that is applied to the electroslag refining apparatus 10, as embodied by the invention.
  • With less electromagnetic field generating less heat there will be less concentrated electromagnetic flux at the constriction 133 in the central orifice 32.
  • Less electromagnetic flux at the constriction 133 will slow flow of the liquid refined melt 14a through the central orifice 32.
  • an amount of time that the liquid refined liquid melt 14a is in contact with the skull 14b increases, and with more time in contact with the skull 14b, the refined liquid melt 14a may solidify against the skull 14b.
  • more skull 14b may form around the area at the central orifice 32 and restrict flow into and through the central orifice 32, thereby controlling the flow in the electroslag refining apparatus 10.
  • the heat melts the skull may reach a limit that is bounded by the generated electromagnetic flux.
  • the electromagnetic flux may cause a field constriction in the central orifice 32 that may limit flow.
  • the configuration of the central orifice 32 and the interior discharge guide tube flux concentration configuration defines the electromagnetic flux amount at which point the electromagnetic flux will cause restriction in the central orifice 32.
  • the flow of the refined melt 14a through the central orifice 32 may also be controlled, so as to be approximately equal to the melt rate of metal from the consumable electrode 14. Accordingly, a generally steady-state flow in the electroslag refining apparatus 10 can be provided.
  • the induction heating of the liquid refined melt 14a through the slots 34, and cooling of the base plate 28 around the central orifice 32, can be provide a balanced flow relationship during startup and steady-state operations of the electroslag refining apparatus 10.
  • FIG. 7 is a part-sectional illustration of another central orifice 232 within the scope of the invention.
  • the central orifice 232 is formed in a base plate 128 of a discharge guide tube 22 and comprises an internal configuration with a profile that concentrates electromagnetic flux and heat, to the stream of liquid melt that flows therethrough.
  • the central orifice 232 comprises an angled and stepped profile about a central longitudinal axis 138 of the central orifice 232.
  • the base plate 128 comprises and is formed in a similar manner as the above-described base plate 28, however, the base plate 128 includes an extension 129 that defines a base plate chamber 150.
  • the base plate chamber 150 is bounded by an upper wall 151 and side walls 152.
  • the central orifice 232 extends from the electroslag refining apparatus 10 to the wall 151 of the base plate 128.
  • the stepped and angled profile of the central orifice 232 can be formed by an inclined central orifice ramp portion 230 that extends from a surface 128' of the base plate 128 to a constriction 233 in the central orifice 232.
  • the constriction 233 may comprise a single constriction portion 235 (solid lines in Fig.
  • the constriction 233 may comprise a constriction portion 235 that extends partially down the central orifice 232 length, and widens into an inclined portion 234 (broken lines in Fig. 7) that in turn terminates at the wall 151.
  • the configuration of the central orifice 232 at which the constriction 233 is formed can comprise any appropriate configuration that can produce the concentrations of electromagnetic field.
  • the angles for the inclined central orifice ramp portion 230 and 234 can comprise any angles that form the constriction 233.
  • the lengths of the inclined central orifice ramp portions 230 and 234 can be equal. Alternatively, lengths of the inclined central orifice ramp portions 230 and 234 need not be equal. Further, the length of the constriction portion 235 may vary. Also, the positioning of the constriction portion 235 in the central orifice 232 may vary.
  • the positioning of the constriction portion 235 may be equi-spaced in the central orifice 232, be disposed closer to the electroslag refining apparatus 10 than an exit from the central orifice 232, or be disposed closer to the exit from the central orifice 232 than to the electroslag refining apparatus 10. Accordingly, the positioning and configuration of the features of the central orifice 232 to produce, electromagnetic flux and heating can vary, as long as the intended purpose of the invention is accomplished.
  • the discharge guide tube 22 may be used in cooperation with an electroslag refining apparatus 10, as illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • the discharge guide tube 22 can be used in conjunction with any subsequent processing of the stream of liquid refined melt 14a that is discharged from the electroslag refining apparatus 10.
  • atomizing structure may be provided for injecting a suitable atomizing gas from a gas supply to atomize the stream 114a of liquid refined melt 14a discharged from the central orifice 32, as embodied by the invention.
  • the discharge guide tube 22 may be used in cooperation with device as set forth in US Patent No. 5,381,847 to Ashok et al.
  • Figure 8 is a graph of field intensity versus guide tube axial distance for a discharge melt guide, as embodied by the invention.
  • the discharge guide tube that is graphed in Fig. 8 comprises a four-turn induction heater coil structure.
  • the coils carry about 87mA at about 143,000 Hz.
  • the generated electromagnetic field along the axis 138 is measured with a search coil in order to determine the field in the central orifice 32.
  • alternating current magnetic fields are measured for a simple coil, a straight unconstricted discharge guide tube configuration as set forth in US Patent No. 5,809,057, and a discharge guide tube configuration, as embodied by the invention.
  • the discharge guide tube configuration provides a clear enhancement of the generated electromagnetic field.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
EP00311633A 1999-12-29 2000-12-22 Procédé pour le contrôle de concentration de flux dans des tubes de guidage Ceased EP1113083A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/474,419 US6358297B1 (en) 1999-12-29 1999-12-29 Method for controlling flux concentration in guide tubes
US474419 1999-12-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1113083A2 true EP1113083A2 (fr) 2001-07-04
EP1113083A3 EP1113083A3 (fr) 2002-11-20

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Family Applications (1)

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EP00311633A Ceased EP1113083A3 (fr) 1999-12-29 2000-12-22 Procédé pour le contrôle de concentration de flux dans des tubes de guidage

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US6358297B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1113083A3 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001316734A (fr)

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US6436336B1 (en) * 2001-06-27 2002-08-20 General Electric Company Replaceable drain electroslag guide
CN104805304A (zh) * 2015-05-12 2015-07-29 重庆钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 一种利于维护的电渣重熔炉底水箱结构

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FR2840821B1 (fr) * 2002-06-13 2005-03-04 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif electromagnetique de fusion et d'agitation interfaciale de systemes diphasiques, notamment pour l'acceleration de processus metallurgiques ou pyrochimiques
AU2006283520A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2007-03-01 Advanced Metals Technology Company, Llc Induction powered ladle bottom nozzle
US11243273B2 (en) * 2020-03-16 2022-02-08 KW Associates LLC Estimation or control of lengths and positions of one or more transversely localized electric current segments flowing between two conductive bodies

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FR2396612A2 (fr) * 1977-07-08 1979-02-02 Anvar Dispositif electromagnetique de confinement des metaux liquides pour realiser une regulation de debit
JPS63207984A (ja) * 1987-02-24 1988-08-29 日本鋼管株式会社 金属の溶解装置
US5160532A (en) 1991-10-21 1992-11-03 General Electric Company Direct processing of electroslag refined metal
US5310165A (en) 1992-11-02 1994-05-10 General Electric Company Atomization of electroslag refined metal
US5348566A (en) 1992-11-02 1994-09-20 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for flow control in electroslag refining process
US5350159A (en) * 1993-02-18 1994-09-27 Westinghouse Electric Corporation On/off valve apparatus for use in conjunction with electromagnetic flow control device controlling the flow of liquid metal through an orifice
DE4320766C2 (de) * 1993-06-23 2002-06-27 Ald Vacuum Techn Ag Vorrichtung zum Einschmelzen einer festen Schicht aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material
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US5649992A (en) * 1995-10-02 1997-07-22 General Electric Company Methods for flow control in electroslag refining process
US5810066A (en) 1995-12-21 1998-09-22 General Electric Company Systems and methods for controlling the dimensions of a cold finger apparatus in electroslag refining process
US5769151A (en) 1995-12-21 1998-06-23 General Electric Company Methods for controlling the superheat of the metal exiting the CIG apparatus in an electroslag refining process
US5809057A (en) 1996-09-11 1998-09-15 General Electric Company Electroslag apparatus and guide
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US6219372B1 (en) * 1999-12-29 2001-04-17 General Electric Company Guide tube structure for flux concentration

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6436336B1 (en) * 2001-06-27 2002-08-20 General Electric Company Replaceable drain electroslag guide
CN104805304A (zh) * 2015-05-12 2015-07-29 重庆钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 一种利于维护的电渣重熔炉底水箱结构
CN104805304B (zh) * 2015-05-12 2017-07-28 重庆钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 一种利于维护的电渣重熔炉底水箱结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1113083A3 (fr) 2002-11-20
US6358297B1 (en) 2002-03-19
JP2001316734A (ja) 2001-11-16

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