EP1106601A1 - Process for the preparation of monoisopropylamine - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of monoisopropylamine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1106601A1 EP1106601A1 EP00124800A EP00124800A EP1106601A1 EP 1106601 A1 EP1106601 A1 EP 1106601A1 EP 00124800 A EP00124800 A EP 00124800A EP 00124800 A EP00124800 A EP 00124800A EP 1106601 A1 EP1106601 A1 EP 1106601A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- calculated
- oxygen
- catalyst
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- -1 vanadyl pyrophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 102100032373 Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 85B Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101000868814 Homo sapiens Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 85B Proteins 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LVTYICIALWPMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropanolamine Chemical compound CC(O)CNCC(C)O LVTYICIALWPMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021543 Nickel dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical group [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMWXXXSCZVGQAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] WMWXXXSCZVGQAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012243 magnesium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXYJCZRRLLQGCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Mo]=O QXYJCZRRLLQGCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XNHGKSMNCCTMFO-UHFFFAOYSA-D niobium(5+);oxalate Chemical compound [Nb+5].[Nb+5].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O XNHGKSMNCCTMFO-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical class [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYIZHKNUQPHNJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxorhenium Chemical class [Re]=O DYIZHKNUQPHNJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTCVAHKKMMUFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxosilver Chemical class [Ag]=O OTCVAHKKMMUFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVRQVWSVLMGPRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxotungsten Chemical class [W]=O VVRQVWSVLMGPRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGROONUBGIWGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] GGROONUBGIWGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003449 rhenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010414 supernatant solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Zn+2] RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B zirconium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical class [Zr+4].[Zr+4].[Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/24—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reductive alkylation of ammonia, amines or compounds having groups reducible to amino groups, with carbonyl compounds
- C07C209/26—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reductive alkylation of ammonia, amines or compounds having groups reducible to amino groups, with carbonyl compounds by reduction with hydrogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of monoisopropylamine (MIPA; (CH 3 ) 2 CHNH 2 ) by reacting acetone at elevated temperature and pressure with ammonia and with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.
- MIPA monoisopropylamine
- MIPA is an important organic intermediate that under other as a preliminary product for the production of pesticides is needed.
- MIPA is used in the art by aminating hydrogenation of isopropanol or acetone with ammonia on catalysts.
- DE-A-1 543 354 discloses the synthesis of MIPA by aminating Hydrogenation of acetone in the presence of cobalt catalysts.
- DT-A-1803 083, DT-A-1817 691, FR-A-159 0871, DE-A-18 03 083 and HU-A-47456 describe the production of MIPA by aminating Hydrogenation of acetone in the presence of Raney nickel type catalysts.
- DL-A-75086, DE-A-17 93 220, GB-A-1218 454, CN-A-1130 621, CS-A-185 962 and CS-A-239 445 relate to the manufacture of MIPA by aminating hydrogenation of acetone in the presence of nickel / Alumina catalysts.
- EP-A-284 398 and CN-A-111 0629 relate to Ru and Cr and Cu-doped nickel catalysts for the production of MIPA from acetone.
- a disadvantage of the methods of the prior art is that the aminating hydrogenation of acetone too low selectivities and yields can be achieved. Even when using a high molar ammonia excess based on acetone, such as Example in GB-A-1218 454, Example 4, is only a selectivity of a maximum of 96.24% by weight, based on acetone.
- nickel and / or cobalt, zirconium are and / or alumina-containing catalysts for catalytic Amination of alcohols in the gas phase with ammonia or primary amines and hydrogen.
- EP-A-382 049 describes catalysts which contain oxygen Contain zirconium, copper, cobalt and nickel compounds, and methods for the hydrogenative amination of alcohols or carbonyl compounds known.
- the preferred zirconia content of these catalysts is 70 to 80% by weight (loc. cit .: page 2, last paragraph; Page 3, 3rd paragraph; Examples).
- DE-A-19 53 263 discloses the use of catalysts containing Co, Ni and Cu with Al 2 O 3 or SiO 2 as support material for the production of amines from alcohols.
- the older European application No. 99111282.2 dated June 10, 1999 relates to a process for the preparation of amines by reaction primary or secondary alcohols with nitrogen compounds in the presence of catalysts containing zirconium dioxide, copper, Nickel and cobalt.
- the present invention was based on the object Remedy the disadvantages of the prior art's economy previous process for the production of MIPA by aminating Improve hydrogenation of acetone with ammonia. It should Catalysts are found that are easily accessible or in are technically simple to manufacture and which allow the aminating hydrogenation of acetone to MIPA with high acetone conversion, in particular acetone conversions of 90 to 100%, high yield, high selectivity, especially selectivities of 96.5 up to 100% (based on acetone), and long catalyst life with high mechanical stability of the shaped catalyst body perform.
- the catalysts should therefore be a high activity and high chemical under the reaction conditions Have stability and the above task even when used of only a small molar excess of ammonia based on Dissolve acetone.
- the catalysts in the process according to the invention preferably used in the form of catalysts, the only from catalytically active mass and, if appropriate, a deformation aid (such as graphite or stearic acid) if the Catalyst is used as a molded body, so there are none contain other catalytically inactive accompanying substances.
- a deformation aid such as graphite or stearic acid
- the catalytically active composition can be in the form of a powder or introduced as chippings into the reaction vessel or preferably after Grinding, mixing with molding aids, molding and tempering, as shaped catalyst bodies - for example as tablets, spheres, Rings, extrudates (e.g. strands) - introduced into the reactor become.
- the concentration data (in% by weight) of the components of the catalyst - unless otherwise stated - refer to the catalytically active mass of the catalyst produced its last heat treatment and before treatment with hydrogen.
- the catalytically active mass of the catalyst after the latter Heat treatment and before treatment with hydrogen than the sum of the masses of the catalytically active components and of the carrier materials defines and essentially contains oxygen-containing ones Compounds of aluminum, zirconium, titanium and / or silicon, oxygen-containing compounds of copper, oxygenated compounds of nickel and oxygenated ones Connections of cobalt.
- the sum of the abovementioned catalytically active constituents and the abovementioned support materials in the catalytically active composition is usually 70 to 100% by weight, preferably 80 to 100% by weight, particularly preferably 90 to 100% by weight, in particular 95 to 100% by weight, very particularly 100% by weight.
- the catalytically active mass of the process according to the invention can also have one or more elements (Oxidation level 0) or their inorganic or organic Compounds selected from groups I A to VI A and I B to VII B and VIII of the periodic table.
- Transition metals such as Mn or manganese oxides, Re or rhenium oxides, Cr or chromium oxides, Mo or molybdenum oxides, W or tungsten oxides, Ta or tantalum oxides, Nb or niobium oxides or niobium oxalate, V or vanadium oxides or vanadyl pyrophosphate, zinc or Zinc oxides, silver or silver oxides, lanthanides such as Ce or CeO 2 or Pr or Pr 2 O 3 , alkali metal oxides such as Na 2 O, alkali metal carbonates such as Na 2 CO 3 and K 2 CO 3 , alkaline earth metal oxides such as SrO, Alkaline earth metal carbonates such as MgCO 3 , CaCO 3 , BaCO 3 , phosphoric anhydrides and boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ).
- Mn or manganese oxides Re or rhenium oxides, Cr or chromium oxides, Mo or molybdenum
- Catalysts is the weight ratio of cobalt to nickel, each calculated as metal, 4: 1 to 1: 4, especially preferably 2: 1 to 1: 2.
- Catalysts used the weight ratio of (cobalt and Nickel) to copper, each calculated as metal, 3: 1 to 20: 1, particularly preferably 3: 1 to 10: 1.
- Catalysts preferably used in the process according to the invention do not contain catalytically active amounts of V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn and / or Re and / or their inorganic or organic Links.
- catalysts no catalytically active amounts of Fe, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Ag and / or Au and / or their inorganic or organic compounds.
- catalysts no catalytically active amounts of Zn, In and / or Sn and / or their inorganic or organic compounds.
- catalysts Various methods are used to produce the catalysts possible. They are peptized, for example powdery mixtures of hydroxides, carbonates, oxides and / or other salts of the components with water and subsequent extrusion and annealing (heat treatment) the mass thus obtained available.
- precipitation methods For example, you can by co-precipitating the nickel, cobalt and Copper components from an aqueous containing these elements Salt solution using mineral bases in the presence of a slurry or suspension of fine-grained powder of a poorly soluble, oxygen-containing aluminum, silicon, titanium and / or zirconium compound and then washing, drying and calcining of the precipitate obtained.
- a poorly soluble, oxygen-containing aluminum, silicon, titanium and zirconium compounds For example, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxide hydrate, Silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zirconium oxide hydrate, Zirconium phosphates, borates and silicates use Find.
- Those used in the method according to the invention are advantageous Catalysts on a common precipitation (mixed precipitation) of all of their components.
- an aqueous mineral base in particular an alkali metal base - for example sodium carbonate, Sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide.
- the type of used Salts is generally not critical: since it is with this Procedure primarily on the water solubility of the salts arrives, one of their criteria is proportionate to making it highly concentrated salt solutions required good ones Solubility in water. It is taken for granted that when choosing the salts of the individual components of course only Salts with such anions are chosen that do not cause interference either by causing unwanted precipitation or by complicating or preventing precipitation by complex formation.
- the precipitates obtained in these precipitation reactions are generally chemically non-uniform and exist among other things from mixtures of oxides, hydrated oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and insoluble and basic salts of the metals used. It can prove to be favorable for the filterability of the precipitation, when they age, i.e. if you look at them for a while i the precipitation, if necessary in heat or with passage of Air left to itself.
- the precipitates obtained after these precipitation processes are as usual to those used in the method according to the invention Catalysts processed. After washing, they will be in the generally at 80 to 200 ° C, preferably at 100 to 150 ° C, dried and then calcined. Calcination (heat treatment) is generally at temperatures between 300 and 800 ° C, preferably at 400 to 600 ° C, especially at 450 to 550 ° C executed.
- the catalyst is expediently conditioned, be it by grinding it to a specific one Grain size or that you can grind it after grinding mixed with molding aids such as graphite or stearic acid, pressed into moldings by means of a tablet press and tempered (heat treated).
- the tempering temperatures correspond generally the temperatures during the calcination.
- the catalysts prepared in this way contain the catalytically active metals in the form of a mixture of their oxygen-containing Connections, i.e. especially as oxides and Mixed oxides.
- the catalysts used in the process according to the invention are preferred by impregnation of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) or mixtures of two or more of these support materials, for example in the form of powder , Grit or moldings, such as strands, tablets, balls or rings, are produced.
- Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
- ZrO 2 zirconium dioxide
- TiO 2 titanium dioxide
- SiO 2 silicon dioxide
- Grit or moldings such as strands, tablets, balls or rings
- Aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) is used, for example, in the form of ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ - or ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 or D10-10 from BASF.
- silicates such as kaolin, hectorite or aluminum silicates or alkali or alkaline earth aluminum silicates (zeolites), magnesium silicates (e.g. steatite), zirconium silicates, cerium silicates or calcium silicates.
- Zirconia is used, for example, in the monoclinic or tetragonal Form, preferably in the monoclinic form, and titanium dioxide used for example as anatase or rutile.
- Aluminum oxide is the carrier material in the process according to the invention catalysts very particularly preferred.
- Support materials are also impregnated according to usual methods such. B. in EP-A-599 180, EP-A-673 918 or A. B. Stiles, Catalyst Manufacture - Laboratory and Commercial Preparations, Marcel Dekker, pages 89 to 91, New York (1983), described, by applying a corresponding one Metal salt solution in one or more impregnation stages, whereby as Metal salts e.g. B. corresponding nitrates, acetates or chlorides be used. The mass is following the impregnation dried (heat treatment) and optionally calcined.
- Metal salts e.g. B. corresponding nitrates, acetates or chlorides
- the impregnation can be carried out according to the so-called "incipient wetness” method take place in which the oxidic carrier material accordingly its water absorption capacity up to saturation is moistened with the drinking solution.
- the impregnation can also in the supernatant solution.
- multi-stage impregnation process it is advisable to separate between individual Drying impregnation steps and calcining if necessary.
- the multi-stage impregnation is particularly advantageous when if the carrier material is loaded with a larger amount of metal shall be.
- a special form of impregnation is spray drying, at the catalyst carrier mentioned in a spray dryer with the or the component (s) to be applied in a suitable Solvent is sprayed.
- This variant is advantageous the combination of application and drying of the active component (s) in one step.
- the catalysts produced can be stored as such. Before being used according to the invention, they are usually used pre-reduced by treatment with hydrogen. However, you can also be used without this pre-reduction, where then under the conditions of the hydrogenating amination by the im Reactor existing hydrogen can be reduced.
- the catalysts are generally initially at 150 to 200 ° C over a period of 12 to 20 hours in a nitrogen-hydrogen atmosphere exposed and then up to approx. 24 hours at 200 to 400 ° C in a hydrogen atmosphere treated. With this pre-reduction at least part of the in the oxygen-containing metal compounds present in the catalysts reduced to the corresponding metals, so this together with the various types of oxygen compounds in the active form of the catalyst.
- catalysts disclosed in EP-A-514 692 the catalytically active composition of which before the treatment with hydrogen are 5 to 100% by weight of an oxide of copper and nickel in an atomic ratio of 1: 1 to 10: 1, are preferred from 2: 1 to 5: 1, and contains zirconium and / or aluminum oxide, in particular those in loc. cit. on page 3, lines 20 to 30, disclosed catalysts whose catalytically active mass before treatment with hydrogen 20 to 80, in particular 40 to 70,% by weight of Al 2 O 3 and / or ZrO 2 , 1 to 30% by weight % CuO, 1 to 30 wt .-% NiO and 1 to 30 wt .-% CoO can be used.
- Catalysts disclosed in DE-A-19 53 263 can be particularly preferred containing cobalt, nickel and copper and aluminum oxide and / or silicon dioxide with a metal content of 5 to 80 wt .-%, in particular 10 to 30 wt .-%, based on the total Catalyst, the catalysts calculated on the Metal content, 70 to 95 wt .-% of a mixture of cobalt and nickel and contain 5 to 30% by weight of copper and wherein the weight ratio from cobalt to nickel 4: 1 to 1: 4, especially 2: 1 to 1: 2, is used according to the invention.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out discontinuously or preferably carry out continuously as follows, the catalyst is preferably arranged as a fixed bed in the reactor.
- the catalyst bed can be both top to bottom and bottom flow through upwards.
- Tube reactors are used for continuous process control particularly suitable.
- the reaction is particularly advantageous, the reaction in reactors, in particular fixed bed reactors, in which the Heat of reaction can be removed particularly efficiently. Thereby can be a substantially constant reaction temperature can be adjusted along the reactor.
- the hydrogenating amination of the acetone can be in the liquid phase or be carried out in the gas phase.
- reaction is carried out at an absolute pressure of 1 to 300 bar (0.1 to 30 MPa). Absolute pressures are preferred from 5 to 250 bar, in particular from 20 to 200 bar.
- the use of higher temperatures and a higher total pressure is possible.
- the total pressure in the reaction vessel which is from the sum of the partial pressures of ammonia, acetone, the formed reaction products and any that may be used Solvent at the specified temperatures, is conveniently by pressing hydrogen onto the desired reaction pressure set. It is possible instead of pure hydrogen, a mixture of hydrogen and one Use inert gas such as nitrogen.
- the hydrogen will generally react in an amount from 5 to 400 Nl, preferably in an amount of 50 to 200 N1, per Moles of acetone supplied, the liter data in each case to normal conditions were converted (S.T.P.).
- the reaction is preferably carried out without an additional solvent.
- An inert solvent under the reaction conditions such as Methanol, ethanol, propanol, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, N-methylpyrrolidone, Mihagol or ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, however, can can also be used.
- the selectivity of the reaction the shaped catalyst bodies in the reactor with inert packing mix can be 20 to 80, especially 30 to 60 and in particular 40 to 50 parts by volume.
- the procedure is generally as follows: that the catalyst, which is preferred in a tube bundle reactor is at the desired reaction temperature and desired pressure, the acetone and the ammonia feeds simultaneously.
- the molar ratio of acetone to ammonia is in general 1: 1 to 1: 250, preferably 1: 1 to 1:50, particularly preferred 1: 1.2 to 1: 10 generally with 0.05 to 5, preferably with 0.05 to 2, kg of acetone per liter of catalyst (bulk volume) and hour.
- the reactants before they are fed into the reaction vessel to warm up.
- the reactor can be used both in the bottom and in the trickle mode operate. Excess ammonia can coexist with the hydrogen are circulated.
- reaction discharge is expediently has been relaxed, the ammonia and hydrogen removed and the MIPA obtained is purified by distillation. Recovered Ammonia and hydrogen are advantageously returned to the Reaction zone returned. The same applies to the possibly incompletely converted acetone or hydrogenation Isopropanol. It is also possible to part of the Total reactor discharge attributable.
- the water of reaction formed in the course of the reaction affects general on the degree of implementation, the reaction rate, the selectivity and the catalyst life do not interfere and is therefore only useful for distillation Workup of the reaction product removed from this.
- Aluminum oxide extrudates with a strand diameter of 4 mm were transferred with a solution, each 5 wt .-% Co and Ni and 2% by weight of Cu (calculated as metal). It was about a solution of the metal nitrates.
- the strands were at 120 ° C dried and then annealed at 520 ° C.
- the catalyst A obtained had the composition: 76% by weight Al 2 O 3 , 4% by weight copper oxide, calculated as CuO, 10% by weight CoO and 10% by weight NiO.
- Carrier gas nitrogen
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Abstract
Herstellung von Monoisopropylamin durch Umsetzung von Aceton mit Ammoniak und mit Wasserstoff bei erhöhter Temperatur und erhöhtem Druck in Gegenwart eines Katalysators, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die katalytisch aktive Masse des Katalysators nach dessen Herstellung und vor der Behandlung mit Wasserstoff 20 bis 90 Gew.-% Aluminiumoxid (A12O3), Zirkoniumdioxid (ZrO2), Titandioxid (TiO2) und/oder Siliziumdioxid (SiO2), 1 bis 70 Gew.-% sauerstoffhaltige Verbindungen des Kupfers, berechnet als CuO, 1 bis 70 Gew.-% sauerstoffhaltige Verbindungen des Nickels, berechnet als NiO, und 1 bis 70 Gew.-% sauerstoffhaltige Verbindungen des Kobalts, berechnet als CoO, enthält.Production of monoisopropylamine by reacting acetone with ammonia and with hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst, characterized in that the catalytically active mass of the catalyst after its preparation and before treatment with hydrogen is 20 to 90% by weight of aluminum oxide (A12O3), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and / or silicon dioxide (SiO2), 1 to 70% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of copper, calculated as CuO, 1 to 70% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of nickel as NiO, and 1 to 70% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of cobalt, calculated as CoO.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Monoisopropylamin (MIPA; (CH3)2CHNH2) durch Umsetzung von Aceton bei erhöhter Temperatur und erhöhtem Druck mit Ammoniak und mit Wasserstoff in Gegenwart eines Katalysators.The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of monoisopropylamine (MIPA; (CH 3 ) 2 CHNH 2 ) by reacting acetone at elevated temperature and pressure with ammonia and with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.
MIPA ist ein wichtiges organisches Zwischenprodukt, dass unter anderem als Vorprodukt zur Herstellung von Pflanzenschutzmittel benötigt wird.MIPA is an important organic intermediate that under other as a preliminary product for the production of pesticides is needed.
MIPA wird in der Technik durch aminierende Hydrierung von Isopropanol oder Aceton mit Ammoniak an Katalysatoren hergestellt.MIPA is used in the art by aminating hydrogenation of isopropanol or acetone with ammonia on catalysts.
DE-A-1 543 354 offenbart die Synthese von MIPA durch aminierende Hydrierung von Aceton in Gegenwart von Kobaltkatalysatoren.DE-A-1 543 354 discloses the synthesis of MIPA by aminating Hydrogenation of acetone in the presence of cobalt catalysts.
DT-A-1803 083, DT-A-1817 691, FR-A-159 0871, DE-A-18 03 083 und HU-A-47456 beschreiben die Herstellung von MIPA durch aminierende Hydrierung von Aceton in Gegenwart von Katalysatoren vom Raney-Nickel-Typ.DT-A-1803 083, DT-A-1817 691, FR-A-159 0871, DE-A-18 03 083 and HU-A-47456 describe the production of MIPA by aminating Hydrogenation of acetone in the presence of Raney nickel type catalysts.
DL-A-75086, DE-A-17 93 220, GB-A-1218 454, CN-A-1130 621, CS-A-185 962 und CS-A-239 445 betreffen die Herstellung von MIPA durch aminierende Hydrierung von Aceton in Gegenwart von Nickel/ Aluminiumoxid-Katalysatoren.DL-A-75086, DE-A-17 93 220, GB-A-1218 454, CN-A-1130 621, CS-A-185 962 and CS-A-239 445 relate to the manufacture of MIPA by aminating hydrogenation of acetone in the presence of nickel / Alumina catalysts.
DE-A-22 19 475 (loc. cit., Beispiele 10 bis 12) beschreibt die Synthese von MIPA aus Aceton in Gegenwart eines Nickel/Chrom/Kieselgur-Katalysators.DE-A-22 19 475 (loc. Cit., Examples 10 to 12) describes the Synthesis of MIPA from acetone in the presence of a nickel / chromium / kieselguhr catalyst.
EP-A-284 398 und CN-A-111 0629 betreffen mit Ru bzw. mit Cr und Cu dotierte Nickelkatalysatoren zur Herstellung von MIPA aus Aceton.EP-A-284 398 and CN-A-111 0629 relate to Ru and Cr and Cu-doped nickel catalysts for the production of MIPA from acetone.
Aus der älteren deutschen Anmeldung Nr. 19910960.5 vom 12.03.99 sind aus Nickel-, Kupfer-, Molybdän- und Zirkoniumdioxid bestehende Katalysatoren zur Herstellung von MIPA durch katalytischen Aminierung von Aceton in Gegenwart von Wasserstoff bekannt (loc. cit., Beispiel 1). Die Selektivität dieser Umsetzung beträgt nur 82,3 bis 95,2 %. From the older German application No. 19910960.5 dated March 12, 1999 are made of nickel, copper, molybdenum and zirconium dioxide Catalysts for the production of MIPA by catalytic Amination of acetone in the presence of hydrogen is known (loc. cit., Example 1). The selectivity of this implementation is only 82.3 to 95.2%.
Die ältere deutsche Anmeldung Nr. 19859776.2 vom 23.12.98 beschreibt die Herstellung von MIPA aus Aceton und Ammoniak an einem Katalysator enthaltend Kupfer und TiO2 (loc. cit., Beispiel 5).The older German application No. 19859776.2 from December 23, 1998 describes the preparation of MIPA from acetone and ammonia over a catalyst containing copper and TiO 2 (loc. Cit., Example 5).
Nachteilig an den Verfahren des Stands der Technik ist, dass bei der aminierenden Hydrierung von Aceton zu geringe Selektivitäten und Ausbeuten erreicht werden. Selbst bei der Verwendung eines hohen molaren Ammoniak-Überschusses bezogen auf Aceton, wie zum Beispiel in GB-A-1218 454, Beispiel 4, wird nur eine Selektivität von maximal 96,24 Gew.-% bezogen auf Aceton erreicht.A disadvantage of the methods of the prior art is that the aminating hydrogenation of acetone too low selectivities and yields can be achieved. Even when using a high molar ammonia excess based on acetone, such as Example in GB-A-1218 454, Example 4, is only a selectivity of a maximum of 96.24% by weight, based on acetone.
Aus der EP-A-514 692 sind Kupfer, Nickel und/oder Kobalt, Zirkonium- und/oder Aluminiumoxid enthaltende Katalysatoren zur katalytischen Aminierung von Alkoholen in der Gasphase mit Ammoniak oder primären Aminen und Wasserstoff bekannt.From EP-A-514 692 copper, nickel and / or cobalt, zirconium are and / or alumina-containing catalysts for catalytic Amination of alcohols in the gas phase with ammonia or primary amines and hydrogen.
Aus der EP-A-382 049 sind Katalysatoren, die sauerstoffhaltige Zirkonium-, Kupfer-, Kobalt- und Nickelverbindungen enthalten, und Verfahren zur hydrierenden Aminierung von Alkoholen oder Carbonylverbindungen bekannt. Der bevorzugte Zirkoniumoxidgehalt dieser Katalysatoren beträgt 70 bis 80 Gew.-% (loc. cit.: Seite 2, letzter Absatz; Seite 3, 3. Absatz; Beispiele).EP-A-382 049 describes catalysts which contain oxygen Contain zirconium, copper, cobalt and nickel compounds, and methods for the hydrogenative amination of alcohols or carbonyl compounds known. The preferred zirconia content of these catalysts is 70 to 80% by weight (loc. cit .: page 2, last paragraph; Page 3, 3rd paragraph; Examples).
DE-A-19 53 263 offenbart die Verwendung von Co, Ni und Cu enthaltenden Katalysatoren mit Al2O3 oder SiO2 als Trägermaterial zur Herstellung von Aminen aus Alkoholen.DE-A-19 53 263 discloses the use of catalysts containing Co, Ni and Cu with Al 2 O 3 or SiO 2 as support material for the production of amines from alcohols.
Die ältere europäische Anmeldung Nr. 99111282.2 vom 10.06.99 betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aminen durch Umsetzung von primären oder sekundären Alkoholen mit Stickstoffverbindungen in Gegenwart von Katalysatoren enthaltend Zirkoniumdioxid, Kupfer, Nickel und Kobalt.The older European application No. 99111282.2 dated June 10, 1999 relates to a process for the preparation of amines by reaction primary or secondary alcohols with nitrogen compounds in the presence of catalysts containing zirconium dioxide, copper, Nickel and cobalt.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung lag die Aufgabe zugrunde, unter Abhilfe der Nachteile des Stands der Technik die Wirtschaftlichkeit bisheriger Verfahren zur Herstellung von MIPA durch aminierende Hydrierung von Aceton mit Ammoniak zu verbessern. Es sollten Katalysatoren gefunden werden, die einfach zugänglich oder in technisch einfacher Weise herzustellen sind und die es erlauben, die aminierende Hydrierung von Aceton zu MIPA mit hohem Aceton-Umsatz, insbesondere Aceton-Umsätzen von 90 bis 100 %, hoher Ausbeute, hoher Selektivität, insbesondere Selektivitäten von 96,5 bis 100 % (bezogen auf Aceton), und hoher Katalysatorstandzeit bei gleichzeitig hoher mechanischer Stabilität des Katalysatorformkörpers durchzuführen. Die Katalysatoren sollen demnach eine hohe Aktivität und unter den Reaktionsbedingungen eine hohe chemische Stabilität aufweisen und die obige Aufgabe auch bei Einsatz eines nur geringen molaren Ammoniak-Überschusses bezogen auf Aceton lösen.The present invention was based on the object Remedy the disadvantages of the prior art's economy previous process for the production of MIPA by aminating Improve hydrogenation of acetone with ammonia. It should Catalysts are found that are easily accessible or in are technically simple to manufacture and which allow the aminating hydrogenation of acetone to MIPA with high acetone conversion, in particular acetone conversions of 90 to 100%, high yield, high selectivity, especially selectivities of 96.5 up to 100% (based on acetone), and long catalyst life with high mechanical stability of the shaped catalyst body perform. The catalysts should therefore be a high activity and high chemical under the reaction conditions Have stability and the above task even when used of only a small molar excess of ammonia based on Dissolve acetone.
Demgemäß wurde ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Monoisopropylamin
(MIPA) durch Umsetzung von Aceton mit Ammoniak und mit Wasserstoff
bei erhöhter Temperatur und erhöhtem Druck in Gegenwart
eines Katalysators gefunden, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist,
dass die katalytisch aktive Masse des Katalysators nach dessen
Herstellung und vor der Behandlung mit Wasserstoff
Im allgemeinen werden im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren die Katalysatoren bevorzugt in Form von Katalysatoren eingesetzt, die nur aus katalytisch aktiver Masse und gegebenenfalls einem Verformungshilfsmittel (wie z. B. Graphit oder Stearinsäure), falls der Katalysator als Formkörper eingesetzt wird, bestehen, also keine weiteren katalytisch inaktiven Begleitstoffe enthalten.In general, the catalysts in the process according to the invention preferably used in the form of catalysts, the only from catalytically active mass and, if appropriate, a deformation aid (such as graphite or stearic acid) if the Catalyst is used as a molded body, so there are none contain other catalytically inactive accompanying substances.
Die katalytisch aktive Masse kann nach Mahlung als Pulver oder als Splitt in das Reaktionsgefäß eingebracht oder bevorzugt, nach Mahlung, Vermischung mit Formhilfsmitteln, Formung und Temperung, als Katalysatorformkörper - beispielsweise als Tabletten, Kugeln, Ringe, Extrudate (z. B. Stränge) - in den Reaktor eingebracht werden.After grinding, the catalytically active composition can be in the form of a powder or introduced as chippings into the reaction vessel or preferably after Grinding, mixing with molding aids, molding and tempering, as shaped catalyst bodies - for example as tablets, spheres, Rings, extrudates (e.g. strands) - introduced into the reactor become.
Die Konzentrationsangaben (in Gew.-%) der Komponenten des Katalysators beziehen sich jeweils - falls nicht anders angegeben - auf die katalytisch aktive Masse des hergestellten Katalysators nach dessen letzter Wärmebehandlung und vor der Behandlung mit Wasserstoff.The concentration data (in% by weight) of the components of the catalyst - unless otherwise stated - refer to the catalytically active mass of the catalyst produced its last heat treatment and before treatment with hydrogen.
Die katalytisch aktive Masse des Katalysators, nach dessen letzter Wärmebehandlung und vor der Behandlung mit Wasserstoff, ist als die Summe der Massen der katalytisch aktiven Bestandteile und der Trägermaterialien definiert und enthält im wesentlichen sauerstoffhaltige Verbindungen des Aluminiums, Zirkoniums, Titans und/oder Siliciums, sauerstoffhaltige Verbindungen des Kupfers, sauerstoffhaltige Verbindungen des Nickels und sauerstoffhaltige Verbindungen des Kobalts.The catalytically active mass of the catalyst, after the latter Heat treatment and before treatment with hydrogen than the sum of the masses of the catalytically active components and of the carrier materials defines and essentially contains oxygen-containing ones Compounds of aluminum, zirconium, titanium and / or silicon, oxygen-containing compounds of copper, oxygenated compounds of nickel and oxygenated ones Connections of cobalt.
Die Summe der o.g. katalytisch aktiven Bestandteile und der o.g. Trägermaterialien in der katalytisch aktiven Masse, berechnet als Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2, SiO2, CuO, NiO und CoO, beträgt üblicherweise 70 bis 100 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 80 bis 100 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 90 bis 100 Gew.-%, insbesondere 95 bis 100 Gew.-%, ganz besonders 100 Gew.-%.The sum of the abovementioned catalytically active constituents and the abovementioned support materials in the catalytically active composition, calculated as Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 , CuO, NiO and CoO, is usually 70 to 100% by weight, preferably 80 to 100% by weight, particularly preferably 90 to 100% by weight, in particular 95 to 100% by weight, very particularly 100% by weight.
Die katalytisch aktive Masse der im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Katalysatoren kann weiterhin ein oder mehrere Elemente (Oxidationsstufe 0) oder deren anorganische oder organische Verbindungen, ausgewählt aus den Gruppen I A bis VI A und I B bis VII B und VIII des Periodensystems, enthalten.The catalytically active mass of the process according to the invention The catalysts used can also have one or more elements (Oxidation level 0) or their inorganic or organic Compounds selected from groups I A to VI A and I B to VII B and VIII of the periodic table.
Beispiele für solche Elemente bzw. deren Verbindungen sind:Examples of such elements and their connections are:
Übergangsmetalle, wie Mn bzw. Manganoxide, Re bzw. Rheniumoxide, Cr bzw. Chromoxide, Mo bzw. Molybdänoxide, W bzw. Wolframoxide, Ta bzw. Tantaloxide, Nb bzw. Nioboxide oder Nioboxalat, V bzw. Vanadiumoxide bzw. Vanadylpyrophosphat, Zink bzw. Zinkoxide, Silber bzw. Silberoxide, Lanthanide, wie Ce bzw. CeO2 oder Pr bzw. Pr2O3, Alkalimetalloxide, wie Na2O, Alkalimetallcarbonate, wie Na2CO3 und K2CO3, Erdalkalimetalloxide, wie SrO, Erdalkalimetallcarbonate, wie MgCO3, CaCO3, BaCO3, Phosphorsäureanhydride und Boroxid (B2O3).Transition metals such as Mn or manganese oxides, Re or rhenium oxides, Cr or chromium oxides, Mo or molybdenum oxides, W or tungsten oxides, Ta or tantalum oxides, Nb or niobium oxides or niobium oxalate, V or vanadium oxides or vanadyl pyrophosphate, zinc or Zinc oxides, silver or silver oxides, lanthanides such as Ce or CeO 2 or Pr or Pr 2 O 3 , alkali metal oxides such as Na 2 O, alkali metal carbonates such as Na 2 CO 3 and K 2 CO 3 , alkaline earth metal oxides such as SrO, Alkaline earth metal carbonates such as MgCO 3 , CaCO 3 , BaCO 3 , phosphoric anhydrides and boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ).
Die katalytisch aktive Masse der im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren
eingesetzten Katalysatoren enthält nach dessen Herstellung und
vor der Behandlung mit Wasserstoff
Die katalytisch aktive Masse von ganz besonders bevorzugt eingesetzten
Katalysatoren enthält nach dessen Herstellung und vor der
Behandlung mit Wasserstoff
In den im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bevorzugt eingesetzten Katalysatoren beträgt das Gewichtsverhältnis von Kobalt zu Nikkel, jeweils berechnet als Metall, 4 : 1 bis 1 : 4, besonders bevorzugt 2 : 1 bis 1 : 2.In the preferred used in the inventive method Catalysts is the weight ratio of cobalt to nickel, each calculated as metal, 4: 1 to 1: 4, especially preferably 2: 1 to 1: 2.
Weiterhin beträgt in im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bevorzugt eingesetzten Katalysatoren das Gewichtsverhältnis von (Kobalt und Nickel) zu Kupfer, jeweils berechnet als Metall, 3 : 1 bis 20 : 1, besonders bevorzugt 3 : 1 bis 10 : 1.Furthermore, is preferred in the process according to the invention Catalysts used the weight ratio of (cobalt and Nickel) to copper, each calculated as metal, 3: 1 to 20: 1, particularly preferably 3: 1 to 10: 1.
Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bevorzugt eingesetzte Katalysatoren enthalten keine katalytisch aktive Mengen an V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn und/oder Re und/oder deren anorganische oder organische Verbindungen.Catalysts preferably used in the process according to the invention do not contain catalytically active amounts of V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn and / or Re and / or their inorganic or organic Links.
Darüber hinaus enthalten bevorzugt eingesetzte Katalysatoren keine katalytisch aktive Mengen an Fe, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Ag und/oder Au und/oder deren anorganische oder organische Verbindungen.In addition, contain preferably used catalysts no catalytically active amounts of Fe, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Ag and / or Au and / or their inorganic or organic compounds.
Darüber hinaus enthalten bevorzugt eingesetzte Katalysatoren keine katalytisch aktive Mengen an Zn, In und/oder Sn und/oder deren anorganische oder organische Verbindungen.In addition, contain preferably used catalysts no catalytically active amounts of Zn, In and / or Sn and / or their inorganic or organic compounds.
Zur Herstellung der Katalysatoren sind verschiedenerlei Verfahrensweisen möglich. Sie sind beispielsweise durch Peptisieren pulvriger Mischungen der Hydroxide, Carbonate, Oxide und/oder anderer Salze der Komponenten mit Wasser und nachfolgendes Extrudieren und Tempern (Wärmebehandlung) der so erhaltenen Masse erhältlich.Various methods are used to produce the catalysts possible. They are peptized, for example powdery mixtures of hydroxides, carbonates, oxides and / or other salts of the components with water and subsequent extrusion and annealing (heat treatment) the mass thus obtained available.
Im allgemeinen werden zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Katalysatoren jedoch Fällungsmethoden angewandt. So können sie beispielsweise durch eine gemeinsame Fällung der Nickel- Kobalt- und Kupferkomponenten aus einer diese Elemente enthaltenden, wässrigen Salzlösung mittels Mineralbasen in Gegenwart einer Aufschlämmung oder Suspension feinkörniger Pulver einer schwerlöslichen, sauerstoffhaltigen Aluminium-, Silicium-, Titan- und/oder Zirkoniumverbindung und anschließendes Waschen, Trocknen und Calcinieren des erhaltenen Präzipitats erhalten werden. Als schwerlösliche, sauerstoffhaltige Aluminium-, Silicium-, Titan- und Zirkoniumverbindungen können beispielsweise Aluminiumoxid, Aluminiumoxidhydrat, Siliciumdioxid, Titandioxid, Zirkoniumdioxid, Zirkoniumoxidhydrat, Zirkoniumphosphate, -borate und -silikate Verwendung finden.In general, for the preparation of the catalysts of the invention however, precipitation methods applied. For example, you can by co-precipitating the nickel, cobalt and Copper components from an aqueous containing these elements Salt solution using mineral bases in the presence of a slurry or suspension of fine-grained powder of a poorly soluble, oxygen-containing aluminum, silicon, titanium and / or zirconium compound and then washing, drying and calcining of the precipitate obtained. As poorly soluble, oxygen-containing aluminum, silicon, titanium and zirconium compounds For example, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxide hydrate, Silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zirconium oxide hydrate, Zirconium phosphates, borates and silicates use Find.
Vorteilhaft werden die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verwendeten Katalysatoren über eine gemeinsame Fällung (Mischfällung) aller ihrer Komponenten hergestellt. Dazu wird zweckmäßigerweise eine die Katalysatorkomponenten enthaltende, wässrige Salzlösung in der Wärme und unter Rühren so lange mit einer wässrigen Mineralbase, insbesondere einer Alkalimetallbase - beispielsweise Natriumcarbonat, Natriumhydroxid, Kaliumcarbonat oder Kaliumhydroxidversetzt, bis die Fällung vollständig ist. Die Art der verwendeten Salze ist im allgemeinen nicht kritisch: Da es bei dieser Vorgehensweise vornehmlich auf die Wasserlöslichkeit der Salze ankommt, ist ein Kriterium ihre zur Herstellung dieser verhältnismäßig stark konzentrierten Salzlösungen erforderliche, gute Wasserlöslichkeit. Es wird als selbstverständlich erachtet, dass bei der Auswahl der Salze der einzelnen Komponenten natürlich nur Salze mit solchen Anionen gewählt werden, die nicht zu Störungen führen, sei es, indem sie unerwünschte Fällungen verursachen oder indem sie durch Komplexbildung die Fällung erschweren oder verhindern.Those used in the method according to the invention are advantageous Catalysts on a common precipitation (mixed precipitation) of all of their components. For this purpose, a the aqueous salt solution containing the catalyst components in the heat and while stirring with an aqueous mineral base, in particular an alkali metal base - for example sodium carbonate, Sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide, until the precipitation is complete. The type of used Salts is generally not critical: since it is with this Procedure primarily on the water solubility of the salts arrives, one of their criteria is proportionate to making it highly concentrated salt solutions required good ones Solubility in water. It is taken for granted that when choosing the salts of the individual components of course only Salts with such anions are chosen that do not cause interference either by causing unwanted precipitation or by complicating or preventing precipitation by complex formation.
Die bei diesen Fällungsreaktionen erhaltenen Niederschläge sind im allgemeinen chemisch uneinheitlich und bestehen u.a. aus Mischungen der Oxide, Oxidhydrate, Hydroxide, Carbonate und unlöslichen und basischen Salze der eingesetzten Metalle. Es kann sich für die Filtrierbarkeit der Niederschläge als günstig erweisen, wenn sie gealtert werden, d.h. wenn man sie noch einige Zeit nach i der Fällung, gegebenenfalls in Wärme oder unter Durchleiten von Luft, sich selbst überläßt. The precipitates obtained in these precipitation reactions are generally chemically non-uniform and exist among other things from mixtures of oxides, hydrated oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and insoluble and basic salts of the metals used. It can prove to be favorable for the filterability of the precipitation, when they age, i.e. if you look at them for a while i the precipitation, if necessary in heat or with passage of Air left to itself.
Die nach diesen Fällungsverfahren erhaltenen Niederschläge werden wie üblich zu den im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verwendeten Katalysatoren weiterverarbeitet. Nach dem Waschen werden sie im allgemeinen bei 80 bis 200°C, vorzugsweise bei 100 bis 150°C, getrocknet und danach calciniert. Die Calcinierung (Wärmebehandlung) wird im allgemeinen bei Temperaturen zwischen 300 und 800°C, vorzugsweise bei 400 bis 600°C, insbesondere bei 450 bis 550°C ausgeführt.The precipitates obtained after these precipitation processes are as usual to those used in the method according to the invention Catalysts processed. After washing, they will be in the generally at 80 to 200 ° C, preferably at 100 to 150 ° C, dried and then calcined. Calcination (heat treatment) is generally at temperatures between 300 and 800 ° C, preferably at 400 to 600 ° C, especially at 450 to 550 ° C executed.
Nach der Calcinierung wird der Katalysator zweckmäßigerweise konditioniert, sei es, dass man ihn durch Vermahlen auf eine bestimmte Korngröße einstellt oder dass man ihn nach seiner Vermahlung mit Formhilfsmitteln wie Graphit oder Stearinsäure vermischt, mittels einer Tablettenpresse zu Formlingen verpreßt und tempert (wärmebehandelt). Die Tempertemperaturen entsprechen dabei im allgemeinen den Temperaturen bei der Calcinierung.After the calcination, the catalyst is expediently conditioned, be it by grinding it to a specific one Grain size or that you can grind it after grinding mixed with molding aids such as graphite or stearic acid, pressed into moldings by means of a tablet press and tempered (heat treated). The tempering temperatures correspond generally the temperatures during the calcination.
Die auf diese Weise hergestellten Katalysatoren enthalten die katalytisch aktiven Metalle in Form eines Gemisches ihrer sauerstoffhaltigen Verbindungen, d.h. insbesondere als Oxide und Mischoxide.The catalysts prepared in this way contain the catalytically active metals in the form of a mixture of their oxygen-containing Connections, i.e. especially as oxides and Mixed oxides.
Bevorzugt werden die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verwendeten Katalysatoren durch Tränkung von Aluminiumoxid (Al2O3), Zirkoniumdioxid (ZrO2), Titandioxid (TiO2), Siliciumdioxid (SiO2) oder Gemischen zweier oder mehrerer dieser Trägermaterialien, die beispielsweise in Form von Pulver, Splitt oder Formkörpern, wie Strängen, Tabletten, Kugeln oder Ringen, vorliegen, hergestellt.The catalysts used in the process according to the invention are preferred by impregnation of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) or mixtures of two or more of these support materials, for example in the form of powder , Grit or moldings, such as strands, tablets, balls or rings, are produced.
Aluminiumoxid (Al2O3) wird beispielsweise in Form von α-, β-, γ-oder -Al2O3 oder D10-10 von BASF eingesetzt.Aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) is used, for example, in the form of α-, β-, γ- or -Al 2 O 3 or D10-10 from BASF.
Siliziumdioxid (SiO2) wird z. B. in Form eines über eine Fällung aus Wasserglas oder über das Sol-Gel-Verfahren erhalten Siliciumdioxids, in Form von mesoporösem SiO2, Kieselgel (z. B. nach Ullmann, Enzykl. Techn. Chem., 4. Auflage, Band 21, S. 457-63, 1982) oder in Form von Silikaten, wie Kaolin, Hectorit oder Alumosilikaten oder Alkali- oder Erdalkali-Alumosilikaten (Zeolithe), Magnesiumsilikaten (z. B. Steatit), Zirkoniumsilikaten, Cersilikaten oder Calciumsilikaten, eingesetzt.Silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) z. B. in the form of a precipitation from water glass or via the sol-gel process silicon dioxide, in the form of mesoporous SiO 2 , silica gel (z. B. according to Ullmann, Enzykl. Techn. Chem., 4th edition, volume 21 , Pp. 457-63, 1982) or in the form of silicates, such as kaolin, hectorite or aluminum silicates or alkali or alkaline earth aluminum silicates (zeolites), magnesium silicates (e.g. steatite), zirconium silicates, cerium silicates or calcium silicates.
Zirkoniumdioxid wird beispielsweise in der monoklinen oder tetragonalen Form, bevorzugt in der monoklinen Form, und Titandioxid beispielsweise als Anatas oder Rutil eingesetzt. Zirconia is used, for example, in the monoclinic or tetragonal Form, preferably in the monoclinic form, and titanium dioxide used for example as anatase or rutile.
Aluminiumoxid ist als Trägermaterial in im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Katalysatoren ganz besonders bevorzugt.Aluminum oxide is the carrier material in the process according to the invention catalysts very particularly preferred.
Die Herstellung von Formkörpern der o.g. Trägermaterialien kann nach den üblichen Verfahren erfolgen.The production of moldings of the above Carrier materials can follow the usual procedures.
Die Tränkung dieser Trägermaterialien erfolgt ebenfalls nach den üblichen Verfahren, wie z. B. in EP-A-599 180, EP-A-673 918 oder A. B. Stiles, Catalyst Manufacture - Laboratory and Commercial Preparations, Marcel Dekker, Seiten 89 bis 91, New York (1983), beschrieben, durch Aufbringung einer jeweils entsprechenden Metallsalzlösung in einer oder mehreren Tränkstufen, wobei als Metallsalze z. B. entsprechende Nitrate, Acetate oder Chloride verwendet werden. Die Masse wird im Anschluss an die Tränkung getrocknet (Wärmebehandlung) und gegebenenfalls calziniert.These support materials are also impregnated according to usual methods such. B. in EP-A-599 180, EP-A-673 918 or A. B. Stiles, Catalyst Manufacture - Laboratory and Commercial Preparations, Marcel Dekker, pages 89 to 91, New York (1983), described, by applying a corresponding one Metal salt solution in one or more impregnation stages, whereby as Metal salts e.g. B. corresponding nitrates, acetates or chlorides be used. The mass is following the impregnation dried (heat treatment) and optionally calcined.
Die Tränkung kann nach der sogenannten "incipient wetness"-Methode erfolgen, bei der das oxidische Trägermaterial entsprechend seiner Wasseraufnahmekapazität maximal bis zur Sättigung mit der Tränklösung befeuchtet wird. Die Tränkung kann aber auch in überstehender Lösung erfolgen.The impregnation can be carried out according to the so-called "incipient wetness" method take place in which the oxidic carrier material accordingly its water absorption capacity up to saturation is moistened with the drinking solution. The impregnation can also in the supernatant solution.
Bei mehrstufigen Tränkverfahren ist es zweckmäßig, zwischen einzelnen Tränkschritten zu trocknen und ggf. zu kalzinieren. Die mehrstufige Tränkung ist vorteilhaft besonders dann anzuwenden, wenn das Trägermaterial mit einer größeren Metallmenge beaufschlagt werden soll.In the case of a multi-stage impregnation process, it is advisable to separate between individual Drying impregnation steps and calcining if necessary. The multi-stage impregnation is particularly advantageous when if the carrier material is loaded with a larger amount of metal shall be.
Zur Aufbringung mehrerer Metallkomponenten auf das Trägermaterial kann die Tränkung gleichzeitig mit allen Metallsalzen oder in beliebiger Reihenfolge der einzelnen Metallsalze nacheinander erfolgen.For applying several metal components to the carrier material can the impregnation simultaneously with all metal salts or in any order of the individual metal salts in succession respectively.
Eine Sonderform der Tränkung stellt die Sprühtrocknung dar, bei der der erwähnte Katalysatorträger in einem Sprühtrockner mit der oder den aufzubringenden Komponente(n) in einem geeigneten Lösungsmittel besprüht wird. Vorteilhaft bei dieser Variante ist die Kombination von Aufbringen und Trocknung der Aktivkomponente(n) in einem Schritt.A special form of impregnation is spray drying, at the catalyst carrier mentioned in a spray dryer with the or the component (s) to be applied in a suitable Solvent is sprayed. This variant is advantageous the combination of application and drying of the active component (s) in one step.
Die hergestellten Katalysatoren können als solche gelagert werden. Vor ihrem erfindungsgemäßen Einsatz werden sie üblicherweise durch Behandlung mit Wasserstoff vorreduziert. Sie können jedoch auch ohne diese Vorreduktion eingesetzt werden, wobei sie dann unter den Bedingungen der hydrierenden Aminierung durch den im Reaktor vorhandenen Wasserstoff reduziert werden. Zur Vorreduktion werden die Katalysatoren im allgemeinen zunächst bei 150 bis 200°C über einen Zeitraum von 12 bis 20 Stunden einer Stickstoff-Wasserstoff-Atmosphäre ausgesetzt und anschließend noch bis zu ca. 24 Stunden bei 200 bis 400°C in einer Wasserstoffatmosphäre behandelt. Bei dieser Vorreduktion wird zumindest ein Teil der in den Katalysatoren vorliegenden sauerstoffhaltigen Metallverbindungen zu den entsprechenden Metallen reduziert, so dass diese gemeinsam mit den verschiedenartigen Sauerstoffverbindungen in der aktiven Form des Katalysators vorliegen.The catalysts produced can be stored as such. Before being used according to the invention, they are usually used pre-reduced by treatment with hydrogen. However, you can can also be used without this pre-reduction, where then under the conditions of the hydrogenating amination by the im Reactor existing hydrogen can be reduced. For pre-reduction the catalysts are generally initially at 150 to 200 ° C over a period of 12 to 20 hours in a nitrogen-hydrogen atmosphere exposed and then up to approx. 24 hours at 200 to 400 ° C in a hydrogen atmosphere treated. With this pre-reduction at least part of the in the oxygen-containing metal compounds present in the catalysts reduced to the corresponding metals, so this together with the various types of oxygen compounds in the active form of the catalyst.
Beispielsweise können in der EP-A-382 049 offenbarte Katalysatoren,
deren katalytisch aktive Masse vor der Behandlung mit Wasserstoff
Weiterhin können im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren in der älteren
europäischen Anmeldung Nr. 99111282.2 vom 10.06.99 offenbarte
Katalysatoren, deren katalytisch aktive Masse vor der Behandlung
mit Wasserstoff
Bevorzugt können im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren in der EP-A-514 692 offenbarte Katalysatoren, deren katalytisch aktive Masse vor der Behandlung mit Wasserstoff 5 bis 100 Gew.-% eines Oxides von Kupfer und Nickel im Atomverhältnis von 1 : 1 bis 10 : 1, bevorzugt von 2 : 1 bis 5 : 1, und Zirkon- und/oder Aluminiumoxid enthält, insbesondere die in loc. cit. auf Seite 3, Zeilen 20 bis 30, offenbarten Katalysatoren, deren katalytisch aktive Masse vor der Behandlung mit Wasserstoff 20 bis 80, besonders 40 bis 70, Gew.-% Al2O3 und/oder ZrO2, 1 bis 30 Gew.-% CuO, 1 bis 30 Gew.-% NiO und 1 bis 30 Gew.-% CoO enthält, eingesetzt werden.In the process according to the invention, catalysts disclosed in EP-A-514 692, the catalytically active composition of which before the treatment with hydrogen are 5 to 100% by weight of an oxide of copper and nickel in an atomic ratio of 1: 1 to 10: 1, are preferred from 2: 1 to 5: 1, and contains zirconium and / or aluminum oxide, in particular those in loc. cit. on page 3, lines 20 to 30, disclosed catalysts whose catalytically active mass before treatment with hydrogen 20 to 80, in particular 40 to 70,% by weight of Al 2 O 3 and / or ZrO 2 , 1 to 30% by weight % CuO, 1 to 30 wt .-% NiO and 1 to 30 wt .-% CoO can be used.
Besonders bevorzugt können in der DE-A-19 53 263 offenbarte Katalysatoren enthaltend Kobalt, Nickel und Kupfer und Aluminiumoxid und/oder Siliciumdioxid mit einem Metallgehalt von 5 bis 80 Gew.-%, insbesondere 10 bis 30 Gew.-%, bezogen auf den gesamten Katalysator, wobei die Katalysatoren, berechnet auf den Metallgehalt, 70 bis 95 Gew.-% einer Mischung aus Kobalt und Nikkel und 5 bis 30 Gew.-% Kupfer enthalten und wobei das Gewichtsverhältnis von Kobalt zu Nickel 4 : 1 bis 1 : 4, insbesondere 2 : 1 bis 1 : 2, beträgt, erfindungsgemäß eingesetzt werden.Catalysts disclosed in DE-A-19 53 263 can be particularly preferred containing cobalt, nickel and copper and aluminum oxide and / or silicon dioxide with a metal content of 5 to 80 wt .-%, in particular 10 to 30 wt .-%, based on the total Catalyst, the catalysts calculated on the Metal content, 70 to 95 wt .-% of a mixture of cobalt and nickel and contain 5 to 30% by weight of copper and wherein the weight ratio from cobalt to nickel 4: 1 to 1: 4, especially 2: 1 to 1: 2, is used according to the invention.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren läßt sich diskontinuierlich oder bevorzugt kontinuierlich wie folgt durchführen, wobei der Katalysator bevorzugt als Festbett im Reaktor angeordnet ist. Das Katalysatorbett kann sowohl von oben nach unten als auch von unten nach oben durchströmt werden.The process according to the invention can be carried out discontinuously or preferably carry out continuously as follows, the catalyst is preferably arranged as a fixed bed in the reactor. The catalyst bed can be both top to bottom and bottom flow through upwards.
Für die kontinuierliche Verfahrensführung sind Rohrreaktoren besonders geeignet.Tube reactors are used for continuous process control particularly suitable.
Erfindungsgemäß wurde erkannt, dass es bezüglich der Selektivität der Reaktion besonders vorteilhaft ist, die Umsetzung in Reaktoren, insbesondere Festbettreaktoren, auszuführen, bei denen die Reaktionswärme besonders effizient abgeführt werden kann. Dadurch kann eine im wesentlichen gleichbleibende Reaktionstemperatur entlang des Reaktors eingestellt werden.According to the invention, it was recognized that it was selective the reaction is particularly advantageous, the reaction in reactors, in particular fixed bed reactors, in which the Heat of reaction can be removed particularly efficiently. Thereby can be a substantially constant reaction temperature can be adjusted along the reactor.
Daher wird in einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens die Umsetzung von Aceton zu MIPA in einen Rohrbündelreaktor durchgeführt. Therefore, in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the Process the conversion of acetone to MIPA in a tube bundle reactor carried out.
Die hydrierende Aminierung des Acetons kann in der Flüssigphase oder in der Gasphase durchgeführt werden.The hydrogenating amination of the acetone can be in the liquid phase or be carried out in the gas phase.
Üblicherweise arbeitet man bei der Umsetzung bei Temperaturen von 30 bis 300°C, bevorzugt 50 bis 250°C, insbesondere 70 bis 200°C.Usually one works in the implementation at temperatures of 30 to 300 ° C, preferably 50 to 250 ° C, especially 70 to 200 ° C.
Im allgemeinen wird die Reaktion bei einem Absolutdruck von 1 bis 300 bar (0,1 bis 30 MPa) ausgeführt. Bevorzugt werden Absolutdrücke von 5 bis 250 bar, insbesondere von 20 bis 200 bar, angewandt.In general, the reaction is carried out at an absolute pressure of 1 to 300 bar (0.1 to 30 MPa). Absolute pressures are preferred from 5 to 250 bar, in particular from 20 to 200 bar.
Die Anwendung höherer Temperaturen und eines höheren Gesamtdrukkes ist möglich. Der Gesamtdruck im Reaktionsgefäß, welcher sich aus der Summe der Partialdrücke des Ammoniaks, des Acetons, der gebildeten Reaktionsprodukte sowie des gegebenenfalls mitverwendeten Lösungsmittels bei den angegebenen Temperaturen ergibt, wird zweckmäßigerweise durch Aufpressen von Wasserstoff auf den gewünschten Reaktionsdruck eingestellt. Es ist hierbei möglich, statt reinem Wasserstoff ein Gemisch von Wasserstoff und einem Inertgas, wie zum Beispiel Stickstoff, zu verwenden.The use of higher temperatures and a higher total pressure is possible. The total pressure in the reaction vessel, which is from the sum of the partial pressures of ammonia, acetone, the formed reaction products and any that may be used Solvent at the specified temperatures, is conveniently by pressing hydrogen onto the desired reaction pressure set. It is possible instead of pure hydrogen, a mixture of hydrogen and one Use inert gas such as nitrogen.
Der Wasserstoff wird der Reaktion im allgemeinen in einer Menge von 5 bis 400 Nl, bevorzugt in einer Menge von 50 bis 200 N1, pro Mol Aceton zugeführt, wobei die Literangaben jeweils auf Normalbedingungen umgerechnet wurden (S.T.P.).The hydrogen will generally react in an amount from 5 to 400 Nl, preferably in an amount of 50 to 200 N1, per Moles of acetone supplied, the liter data in each case to normal conditions were converted (S.T.P.).
Die Umsetzung erfolgt bevorzugt ohne zusätzliches Lösungsmittel. Ein unter den Reaktionsbedingungen inertes Lösungsmittel, wie Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Tetrahydrofuran, Dioxan, N-Methylpyrrolidon, Mihagol oder Ethylenglykoldimethylether, kann jedoch mitverwendet werden.The reaction is preferably carried out without an additional solvent. An inert solvent under the reaction conditions, such as Methanol, ethanol, propanol, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, N-methylpyrrolidone, Mihagol or ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, however, can can also be used.
Je nach Zusammensetzung des erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Katalysators kann es für die Selektivität der Reaktion vorteilhaft sein, die Katalysatorformkörper im Reaktor mit inerten Füllkörpern zu vermischen, sie sozusagen zu "verdünnen". Der Anteil der Füllkörper in solchen Katalysatorzubereitungen kann 20 bis 80, besonders 30 bis 60 und insbesonders 40 bis 50 Volumenteile betragen.Depending on the composition of the catalyst used according to the invention it may be advantageous for the selectivity of the reaction the shaped catalyst bodies in the reactor with inert packing mix, to "dilute" them, so to speak. The percentage of packing in such catalyst preparations can be 20 to 80, especially 30 to 60 and in particular 40 to 50 parts by volume.
Praktisch geht man bei der Durchführung im allgemeinen so vor, dass man dem Katalysator, der sich bevorzugt in einem Rohrbündelreaktor befindet, bei der gewünschten Reaktionstemperatur und dem gewünschten Druck das Aceton und den Ammoniak simultan zuführt. Das molare Verhältnis von Aceton zu Ammoniak beträgt im allgemeinen 1 : 1 bis 1 : 250, bevorzugt 1 : 1 bis 1 : 50, besonders bevorzugt 1 : 1,2 bis 1 : 10. Dabei belastet man den Katalysator im allgemeinen mit 0,05 bis 5, bevorzugt mit 0,05 bis 2, kg Aceton pro Liter Katalysator (Schüttvolumen) und Stunde. Hierbei ist es zweckmäßig, die Reaktanten bereits vor der Zuführung in das Reaktionsgefäß zu erwärmen.In practice, the procedure is generally as follows: that the catalyst, which is preferred in a tube bundle reactor is at the desired reaction temperature and desired pressure, the acetone and the ammonia feeds simultaneously. The molar ratio of acetone to ammonia is in general 1: 1 to 1: 250, preferably 1: 1 to 1:50, particularly preferred 1: 1.2 to 1: 10 generally with 0.05 to 5, preferably with 0.05 to 2, kg of acetone per liter of catalyst (bulk volume) and hour. Here it is Appropriately, the reactants before they are fed into the reaction vessel to warm up.
Der Reaktor kann sowohl in der Sumpf- als auch in der Rieselfahrweise betrieben werden. Überschüssiger Ammoniak kann zusammen mit dem Wasserstoff im Kreis geführt werden.The reactor can be used both in the bottom and in the trickle mode operate. Excess ammonia can coexist with the hydrogen are circulated.
Aus dem Reaktionsaustrag werden, nachdem dieser zweckmäßigerweise entspannt worden ist, der Ammoniak und der Wasserstoff entfernt und das erhaltene MIPA durch Destillation gereinigt. Zurückgewonnener Ammoniak und Wasserstoff werden vorteilhaft wieder in die Reaktionszone zurückgeführt. Das Gleiche gilt für die eventuell nicht vollständig umgesetztes Aceton oder durch Hydrierung entstandenes Isopropanol. Es ist auch möglich, einen Teil vom Gesamt-Reaktoraustrag zurückzuführen.After this, the reaction discharge is expediently has been relaxed, the ammonia and hydrogen removed and the MIPA obtained is purified by distillation. Recovered Ammonia and hydrogen are advantageously returned to the Reaction zone returned. The same applies to the possibly incompletely converted acetone or hydrogenation Isopropanol. It is also possible to part of the Total reactor discharge attributable.
Das im Zuge der Umsetzung gebildete Reaktionswasser wirkt sich im allgemeinen auf den Umsetzungsgrad, die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit, die Selektivität und die Katalysatorstandzeit nicht störend aus und wird deshalb zweckmäßigerweise erst bei der destillativen Aufarbeitung des Reaktionsproduktes aus diesem entfernt.The water of reaction formed in the course of the reaction affects general on the degree of implementation, the reaction rate, the selectivity and the catalyst life do not interfere and is therefore only useful for distillation Workup of the reaction product removed from this.
Aluminiumoxidextrudate mit einem Strangdurchmesser von 4 mm wurden mit einer Lösung überstellt, die jeweils 5 Gew.-% Co und Ni und 2 Gew.-% Cu (berechnet als Metall) enthielt. Es handelte sich hierbei um eine Lösung der Metallnitrate.Aluminum oxide extrudates with a strand diameter of 4 mm were transferred with a solution, each 5 wt .-% Co and Ni and 2% by weight of Cu (calculated as metal). It was about a solution of the metal nitrates.
Nach ca. 15 Minuten Tränkzeit wurden die Stränge bei 120°C getrocknet und danach bei 520°C getempert.After about 15 minutes of soaking, the strands were at 120 ° C dried and then annealed at 520 ° C.
Danach wurde die Tränkung/Trocknung/Temperung wiederholt.The impregnation / drying / tempering was then repeated.
Der erhaltene Katalysator A hatte die Zusammensetzung:
76 Gew.-% Al2O3, 4 Gew.-% Kupferoxid, berechnet als CuO, 10 Gew.-%
CoO und 10 Gew.% NiO.The catalyst A obtained had the composition:
76% by weight Al 2 O 3 , 4% by weight copper oxide, calculated as CuO, 10% by weight CoO and 10% by weight NiO.
Zur kontinuierlichen Versuchsdurchführung wurde ein Hochdruckreaktor mit 45 mm Innendurchmesser und 350 cm Länge verwendet. In der Reaktormitte war in axialer Richtung ein Thermoelement mit 12 mm Durchmesser angebracht. Der Reaktor wurde im unteren Teil mit 700 ml Pallringen aus Edelstahl gefüllt, darüber wurden 3500 ml = 3509 g des Katalysators A in Strangform eingefüllt und als oberste Schüttung wurden abermals 700 ml an Edelstahlpallringen eingefüllt. In den Reaktor wurde von oben nach unten Aceton, Ammoniak und Wasserstoff zugegeben. Der Reaktordruck wurde durch Zufuhr von Wasserstoff eingestellt. Nach dem Reaktor wurde die Reaktionsmischung abgekühlt, auf Normaldruck entspannt und analysiert.A high-pressure reactor was used to carry out the test continuously with 45 mm inner diameter and 350 cm length. In the center of the reactor was with a thermocouple in the axial direction 12 mm diameter attached. The reactor was in the lower part filled with 700 ml stainless steel pall rings, over 3500 ml = 3509 g of catalyst A filled in as a strand and as The top fill was again 700 ml of stainless steel pall rings filled. Acetone was added to the reactor from top to bottom, Ammonia and hydrogen added. The reactor pressure was through Hydrogen supply stopped. After the reactor, the Cooled reaction mixture, depressurized to normal pressure and analyzed.
Die detaillierten Versuchsbedingungen und die Ergebnisse sind der
folgenden Tabelle zu entnehmen:
GC-Auswertung: Korrigierte Flächenprozente für MIPA, DIPA und Isopropanol wurden ermittelt, indem zuvor mittels eines Testgemisches aus MIPA + DIPA + iPrOH die GC-Faktoren von DIPA und iPrOH gegenüber MIPA (Faktor 1) bestimmt wurden.GC evaluation: Corrected area percentages for MIPA, DIPA and Isopropanol was determined by using a test mixture beforehand from MIPA + DIPA + iPrOH the GC factors of DIPA and iPrOH versus MIPA (factor 1).
Claims (8)
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| DE19958701 | 1999-12-06 | ||
| DE19958701 | 1999-12-06 |
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| EP00124800A Expired - Lifetime EP1106601B1 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2000-11-14 | Process for the preparation of monoisopropylamine |
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| US (1) | US6563004B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1106601B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001199939A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0005746A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50005403D1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003042158A1 (en) * | 2001-11-17 | 2003-05-22 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing monoisopropylamine |
| EP1431271A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-06-23 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the preparation of an amine |
| WO2013075974A1 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2013-05-30 | Basf Se | Method for producing ethylamines and monoisopropylamine (mipa) |
| WO2014029762A1 (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2014-02-27 | Basf Se | Method for treating catalytic converter preforms and catalytic converter preforms with enhanced mechanical strength |
| US8766009B2 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2014-07-01 | Basf Se | Process for preparing ethylamines and monoisopropylamine (MIPA) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10145119A1 (en) | 2001-09-13 | 2003-04-03 | Basf Ag | Process for the production of amines |
| DE10211101A1 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2003-09-25 | Basf Ag | Catalysts and processes for the production of amines |
| CN100395229C (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2008-06-18 | 江西盾牌化工有限公司 | Process for low pressure synthesizing 3-pentylamine |
| CN102372638A (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2012-03-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for producing monoisopropylamine |
| CN104226315B (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2017-01-11 | 厦门大学 | Co-based catalyst used for preparing hydrocarbon mixture through CO hydrogenation and preparation method thereof |
| CN106397219B (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2018-03-27 | 安徽昊源化工集团有限公司 | A kind of method of acetone hydrogenation ammonification synthesizing isopropamide |
| EP4549616A1 (en) | 2023-10-31 | 2025-05-07 | Basf Se | Process for making amines from carbonyl compounds using hydrogen having low deuterium content produced with non-fossil energy |
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- 2000-11-14 DE DE50005403T patent/DE50005403D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-05 US US09/729,461 patent/US6563004B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| EP1431271A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-06-23 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the preparation of an amine |
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| WO2013075974A1 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2013-05-30 | Basf Se | Method for producing ethylamines and monoisopropylamine (mipa) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6563004B2 (en) | 2003-05-13 |
| US20010003137A1 (en) | 2001-06-07 |
| EP1106601B1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
| JP2001199939A (en) | 2001-07-24 |
| DE50005403D1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
| BR0005746A (en) | 2001-07-17 |
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