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EP1176381B1 - Plate-like heat exchanger - Google Patents

Plate-like heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1176381B1
EP1176381B1 EP01250256A EP01250256A EP1176381B1 EP 1176381 B1 EP1176381 B1 EP 1176381B1 EP 01250256 A EP01250256 A EP 01250256A EP 01250256 A EP01250256 A EP 01250256A EP 1176381 B1 EP1176381 B1 EP 1176381B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nipples
section
holes
heat exchanger
plates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01250256A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1176381A3 (en
EP1176381A2 (en
Inventor
Reinhard Lehmann
Uwe Hachmeister
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kelvion PHE GmbH
Original Assignee
GEA Ecoflex GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GEA Ecoflex GmbH filed Critical GEA Ecoflex GmbH
Priority to DK08016065.8T priority Critical patent/DK2045557T3/en
Priority to EP08016065A priority patent/EP2045557B1/en
Publication of EP1176381A2 publication Critical patent/EP1176381A2/en
Publication of EP1176381A3 publication Critical patent/EP1176381A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1176381B1 publication Critical patent/EP1176381B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
    • F28F3/10—Arrangements for sealing the margins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/355—Heat exchange having separate flow passage for two distinct fluids
    • Y10S165/356—Plural plates forming a stack providing flow passages therein
    • Y10S165/364—Plural plates forming a stack providing flow passages therein with fluid traversing passages formed through the plate
    • Y10S165/365—Plural plates forming a stack providing flow passages therein with fluid traversing passages formed through the plate including peripheral seal element forming flow channel bounded by seal and heat exchange plates
    • Y10S165/369—Plural plates forming a stack providing flow passages therein with fluid traversing passages formed through the plate including peripheral seal element forming flow channel bounded by seal and heat exchange plates including seal to plate attachment means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plate heat exchanger, consisting of successively arranged, connected to a package plates according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a plate heat exchanger is eg in the EP 0 123 379 B1 described.
  • the seals in the grooves are defined, which facilitates the handling of the plates during assembly.
  • a known way of attaching the seals is that they are glued into the groove, the adhesive for the sealing effect itself does not matter, but the positionally correct fixation on the plates is used.
  • This adhesive technique has some disadvantages. So must the grooves before applying the adhesive z. B. are cleaned of oil and fat residues, so as not to affect the adhesive effect. Then the adhesive itself must be applied. All this is quite time consuming. Problems also occur in the maintenance of plate heat exchangers when a gasket must be replaced. To do this, remove the old seal and then clean the groove of the adhesive. Also, an inspection of the groove bottom and the seal, z. B. after cleaning work on the disassembled heat exchanger, is only possible if previously the adhesive bond is destroyed.
  • plate heat exchangers have been developed in which the seals are mechanically, so attached without adhesive to the plates.
  • One known method in the art for adhesive seal attachment is to integrally form seals with the elastic nipples or projections press fit with associated holes or openings in the plates.
  • the problem of tolerances in the radial nipple dimensions is determined by a in the EP 0 039 229 A2 solved proposed plate heat exchanger.
  • the nipples are arranged on the side of the seal, integrally provided with this webs provided, of which project the nipple down. Through the webs through a blind hole leads into the nipple.
  • the nipples are positioned above their associated holes on the plates. Then, a pin or similar tool is inserted into the blind hole and the nipples are then stretched by pressure on the pin, so that they are much thinner and can be easily inserted into the holes.
  • the nipples After removing the pin, the nipples retract to their original dimensions, expanding the ends of the nipples inserted through holes into a head covering the hole from below. The seals are thus securely attached to the plates.
  • a disadvantage of this technique is that for pressing the nipple tool is required. Furthermore, during inspections or maintenance operations that require removal of the seal, the consequences described above occur.
  • a plate heat exchanger in which the seal is secured by means integrally formed with her elastic projections which engage in associated openings in the groove base to the plate.
  • the apertures are formed to have a male and an extraction region into which the projections are free to move freely in and out of the edge of the apertures. From this area, the projections are transferable into a blocking area of the openings, in which the movement of the projections into the openings in and out of these again strong resistance by pressing between the projections and the edges of the openings is opposite, wherein the convertibility of the projections the insertion and withdrawal position in the locked position and vice versa due to the elasticity (compliance) of the seal is possible.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a simple solution for the mechanical attachment of the seals to the plates in a plate heat exchanger of the generic type, yet allows a secure fit and easy removal of the seals.
  • the nipples are not pressed on their entire circumference when they are plugged into the holes, but only locally at the locations where they project beyond the edge of the holes. Since their cross section is smaller than the passage area of the holes, in the other places is still play between the circumference of the nipples and the edge of the holes. Due to the elasticity of the nipples whose pressed material can escape into these spaces, resulting in a reduction of the pressure and thus facilitates the pressing of the nipple in the holes. By this displacement mechanism tolerances in the radial dimensions of the nipples are compensated very well, in other words, it can be worked with larger radial excesses than is still possible in the prior art.
  • either the holes have a polygonal passage cross-section and the nipple a circular cross-section or conversely the nipples have a polygonal and the holes have a circular cross-section.
  • the edge of the holes is formed as a pointing in the insertion direction of the nipple passage.
  • This design of the holes has several advantages.
  • the contact surface between nipple and hole is increased compared to the prior art.
  • This radius also makes it possible, at the transition from the nipple to Seal to provide a radius. This has on the one hand manufacturing advantages in making the seal and on the other hand it reduces the risk that the nipples are sheared at plate movements at this point.
  • Fig. 1 shows a plate 1 of a plate heat exchanger with a heat exchange surface 2 which is framed by an inserted in a peripheral groove 3 seal 4 made of synthetic rubber or other elastic sealing material.
  • a plate heat exchanger with a heat exchange surface 2 which is framed by an inserted in a peripheral groove 3 seal 4 made of synthetic rubber or other elastic sealing material.
  • inlet and outlet openings 5-8 are provided for the heat exchange media.
  • the gasket 4 surrounds in front of and behind the plate 1, arranged in Fig. 1 plates not shown, the inlet and outlet openings 7 and 8.
  • the plate heat exchanger corresponds to the structure known from the prior art, so that no further explanation is required.
  • the gasket 4 is fixed in the groove 3 without using any adhesive.
  • integrally formed with the groove holding parts 9 are provided, which are arranged at suitable intervals from each other on the circumference of the seal 4 and protrude laterally from this.
  • FIG. 2 Such a holding part 9 is in Fig. 2 shown in perspective, which shows a marginal detail of the plate 1.
  • a second plate 1 ' which in the sectional views according to the Fig. 3-5 is apparent, has been omitted for clarity.
  • Fig. 2 shows that the groove 3 is formed from a sloping from the level of the heat exchange surface 2 inner side wall 10, a groove bottom 11 and a return to the level of the heat exchange surface 2 rising outer side wall 12, wherein the latter is followed by a plate edge 13.
  • This plate edge 13 is not flat, but formed by alternately up and down and outward opening in cross-section trapezoidal channels 14 and 15.
  • the bottoms 16 of the channels 14 are at the level of Nutenêts 11 and the bottoms 17 of the channels 15 at the level of the heat exchange surface 2.
  • This "corrugation" of the plate edge 13 is formed by the fact that the channels 14 from the sheet metal plate of the plate 1 as to the groove 3 closed troughs are pushed down.
  • Each holding part 9 engages in each case in two adjacent channels 14 and an intermediate channel 15 a. It is connected via an over its entire width extending web 21 with the seal 4, which incorporates into the upper edge of the seal 4.
  • the shape of this web 21 is off Fig. 2 not apparent, but opens from a synopsis of the cross-sectional views according to the 3 and 4 , It follows that the web 21 is thinner in the region of the bottom 17 of the channel 15, as in the region of the bridges between the two channels 14 and the outer side wall 12 of the groove 3, ie, the web 21 is reinforced in these areas.
  • the web 21 is followed by two extensions 22, which are connected to each other at its end facing the seal 4 by a cross member 23, to which, based on the plate edge 13, outwardly a thinner, the extensions 22 also connecting intermediate part 24 connects whose underside forms an extension of the web 19.
  • the projections 22 When installed, the projections 22 are located in the associated channels 14, while the intermediate piece 24 rests on the bottom 17 of the channel 15 arranged therebetween.
  • the cross section of the extensions 22 is chosen so that they are arranged through the channels 14 of the plate 1 and the channels 15 of the rear or, based on the drawing, overlying plate 1 'formed hexagonal cross-section completely fill, in other words, they are positively in the associated, facing channels 14 and 15. Since the channels 14, 15 to the outside, so open to the environment are, the holding parts 9 can expand in this direction, whereby thermal and mechanical stresses are reduced, and thus deformations of the plate edge 13 can be avoided.
  • Out Fig. 5 combined with Fig. 3 shows that the bottom 16 of the channel 14 of the plate 1 ', which is located above the intermediate part 24, is raised in the rear region by the thickness of the intermediate part 24, that is, it nestles in a sense from above to the intermediate part 24.
  • Out Fig. 3 It can also be seen that the cross member 23 substantially fills the cavity 20 formed under the bridge 19 in the assembled state.
  • the described positive formation of the holding parts 9 with the plates 1, 1 'covering them stabilizes the orientation of the plates 1, 1' in the plate pack and prevents or reduces movements of the plates 1, 1 'in cooperation with conventional metallic guide elements formed on the plates the plate level in operation due to the internal pressure of the heat exchange media.
  • an integrally formed with the holding part 9 nipple 25 is provided, which protrudes from the intermediate part 24 down and protrudes when mounted seal 4, a circular hole 26 in the plate 1.
  • the edge of this hole 26 is formed as a plug-in direction of the nipple 25 facing passage 27.
  • the radius formed by the passage 27 at the edge of the hole facilitates the insertion of the nipple 25 in the hole 26.
  • the transition of the nipple 25 to the intermediate part 24 can also be performed with this radius.
  • This training reduces on the one hand acting on the nipple 25 from the edge of the hole 26 shearing forces and facilitates the other production, since radii can be better realized in a mold.
  • the tip of the nipple 25 is frustoconical.
  • the nipple 25 has deviating from the circular cross section of the hole 26 has a trigonal cross section, the edges 29 are rounded.
  • This training is best Fig. 6 out.
  • a nipple cross-section enclosing circle 28 is located.
  • the diameter D1 of this circle 28 is greater than the inner diameter D2 of the hole 26.
  • the cross-sectional area of the nipple 25 is smaller than the passage cross-section of the hole 26.
  • nipple 25 If the nipple 25 is pressed in the assembly of the seal 4 in the hole 26, it centers itself due to its conical tip and the radius at the edge of the hole itself. At the same time its penetration into the hole 26 is facilitated. Upon further impressions of the nipple 25, its material is compressed to the over the inner diameter of the hole 26 protruding positions, which are in this case the rounded edges 29, together. But it can escape because of its elasticity in the free spaces between the cross section of the nipple 25 and the hole inner wall. In Fig. 7 These free spaces are provided with the reference numeral 30.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The plate heat exchanger has a number of plates (1,1') positioned one after the other for forming a stack, with alternating closed channels for a heat dissipation medium and a heat reception medium formed by elastic seals (4) inserted between the adjacent plates. The seals have integral elastic nipples (25) fitted in holes (26) in the plates, each nipple having a cross-section which is less than the cross-section of the hole, but projecting beyond its periphery at several points.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Plattenwärmetauscher, bestehend aus hintereinander angeordneten, zu einem Paket verbundenen Platten gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Ein derartiger Plattenwärmetauscher is z.B. in der EP 0 123 379-B1 beschrieben.The present invention relates to a plate heat exchanger, consisting of successively arranged, connected to a package plates according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a plate heat exchanger is eg in the EP 0 123 379 B1 described.

Bevor die Platten eines Plattenwärmetauschers in einem Gestell aufgehängt und zu einem Paket zusammengepreßt werden, werden die Dichtungen in den Nuten festgelegt, was das Handling der Platten während der Montage erleichtert. Eine bekannte Art und Weise der Befestigung der Dichtungen besteht darin, daß diese in die Nut eingeklebt werden, wobei der Klebstoff für die Dichtwirkung selbst keine Rolle spielt, sondern der lagegerechten Fixierung auf den Platten dient. Diese Klebetechnik hat einige Nachteile. So müssen die Nuten vor dem Auftragen des Klebstoffs z. B. von Öl- und Fettrückständen gereinigt werden, um die Klebewirkung nicht zu beeinträchtigen. Anschließend muß dann der Klebstoff selbst aufgetragen werden. Das alles ist recht zeitintensiv. Probleme treten auch bei der Instandhaltung von Plattenwärmetauschern auf, wenn eine Dichtung ausgewechselt werden muß. Dazu muß die alte Dichtung entfernt und dann die Nut vom Klebstoff gesäubert werden. Auch eine Inspektion des Nutengrundes und der Dichtung, z. B. nach Reinigungsarbeiten am demontierten Wärmetauscher, ist nur möglich, wenn zuvor die Klebeverbindung zerstört wird.Before the plates of a plate heat exchanger are suspended in a rack and compressed into a package, the seals in the grooves are defined, which facilitates the handling of the plates during assembly. A known way of attaching the seals is that they are glued into the groove, the adhesive for the sealing effect itself does not matter, but the positionally correct fixation on the plates is used. This adhesive technique has some disadvantages. So must the grooves before applying the adhesive z. B. are cleaned of oil and fat residues, so as not to affect the adhesive effect. Then the adhesive itself must be applied. All this is quite time consuming. Problems also occur in the maintenance of plate heat exchangers when a gasket must be replaced. To do this, remove the old seal and then clean the groove of the adhesive. Also, an inspection of the groove bottom and the seal, z. B. after cleaning work on the disassembled heat exchanger, is only possible if previously the adhesive bond is destroyed.

Aufgrund dieser Nachteile und der Tatsache, daß in einigen technischen Gebieten, wie z. B. der Medizin- und Lebensmittelbranche Klebstoffe möglichst zu vermeiden sind, sind Plattenwärmetauscher entwickelt worden, bei denen die Dichtungen mechanisch, also ohne Klebstoff an den Platten befestigt werden. Eine in der einschlägigen Technik bekannte Möglichkeit zur kleberlosen Dichtungsbefestigung besteht darin, daß einstückig mit den Dichtungen ausgebildete, elastische Nippel oder Vorsprünge in Preßsitz mit zugeordneten Löchern oder Öffnungen in den Platten gebracht werden.Because of these disadvantages and the fact that in some technical areas, such as As the medical and food industry adhesives are to be avoided if possible, plate heat exchangers have been developed in which the seals are mechanically, so attached without adhesive to the plates. One known method in the art for adhesive seal attachment is to integrally form seals with the elastic nipples or projections press fit with associated holes or openings in the plates.

Nach GB 2 071 303 A , GB 2 075 656 A und EP 0 134 155 A1 sollen die Nippel gegenüber den Löchern ein derartiges Übermaß haben, daß sie sich leicht in die Löcher eindrücken und wieder herausziehen lassen. Dabei soll gewährleistet sein, daß die Dichtung sicher an Ort und Stelle fixiert wird. Diese Lösung bringt Probleme mit sich, da die Nippel sowie die Dichtung als Formgußteile Toleranzschwankungen unterliegen. Bei zu großem radialen Übermaß der Nippel können diese nur sehr schwer oder gar nicht in die Löcher hineingedrückt werden. Wenn das dennoch gelingt, reißen die Nippel beim Entfernen der Dichtung, z. B. bei Inspektions- oder Reinigungsarbeiten, ab, so daß die Dichtung durch eine neue Dichtung ersetzt werden muß.To GB 2 071 303 A . GB 2 075 656 A and EP 0 134 155 A1 should the nipples over the holes have such an oversize that they can easily be pressed into the holes and pulled out again. It should be ensured that the seal is securely fixed in place. This solution brings with it problems, since the nipples and the seal as castings are subject to tolerance variations. Too much radial excess of the nipples can be very difficult or not pressed into the holes. If this still succeeds, the nipples tear when removing the seal, z. As in inspection or cleaning, from, so that the seal must be replaced by a new seal.

Das Problem der Toleranzen in den radialen Nippelabmessungen wird durch einen in der EP 0 039 229 A2 vorgeschlagenen Plattenwärmetauscher gelöst. Hier sind die Nippel an seitlich von der Dichtung angeordneten, einstückig mit dieser ausgebildeten Stegen vorgesehen, von denen die Nippel nach unten abragen. Durch die Stege hindurch führt ein Sackloch in die Nippel. Zur Befestigung der Dichtung werden die Nippel über ihnen zugeordnete Löcher an den Platten positioniert. Dann wird ein Stift oder ähnliches Werkzeug in das Sackloch eingeführt und die Nippel werden dann durch Druck auf den Stift gestreckt, so daß sie wesentlich dünner werden und problemlos in die Löcher eingesteckt werden können. Nach dem Entfernen des Stiftes ziehen sich die Nippel wieder auf ihr ursprüngliches Maß zusammen, wodurch sich die durch Löcher gesteckten Enden der Nippel zu einem das Loch von unten überdeckenden Kopf erweitern. Die Dichtungen sind somit sicher an den Platten befestigt. Nachteilig an dieser Technik ist, daß zum Eindrücken der Nippel Werkzeug erforderlich ist. Des weiteren treten bei Inspektionen oder Wartungsarbeiten, die ein Abnehmen der Dichtung erfordern, die oben beschriebenen Folgen ein.The problem of tolerances in the radial nipple dimensions is determined by a in the EP 0 039 229 A2 solved proposed plate heat exchanger. Here, the nipples are arranged on the side of the seal, integrally provided with this webs provided, of which project the nipple down. Through the webs through a blind hole leads into the nipple. To secure the seal, the nipples are positioned above their associated holes on the plates. Then, a pin or similar tool is inserted into the blind hole and the nipples are then stretched by pressure on the pin, so that they are much thinner and can be easily inserted into the holes. After removing the pin, the nipples retract to their original dimensions, expanding the ends of the nipples inserted through holes into a head covering the hole from below. The seals are thus securely attached to the plates. A disadvantage of this technique is that for pressing the nipple tool is required. Furthermore, during inspections or maintenance operations that require removal of the seal, the consequences described above occur.

Aus der EP 0 123 379 B1 ist schließlich ein Plattenwärmetauscher bekannt, bei dem die Dichtung mittels von einstückig mit ihr ausgebildeten elastischen Vorsprüngen, die in zugeordnete Öffnungen im Nutengrund eingreifen, an der Platte befestigt ist. Die Öffnungen sind so ausgebildet, daß sie einen Einsteck- und Herausziehbereich aufweisen, in den die Vorsprünge ohne Zwängung mit dem Rand der Öffnungen frei in diese hinein- und herausbewegbar sind. Aus diesem Bereich sind die Vorsprünge in einen Sperrbereich der Öffnungen überführbar, in dem der Bewegung der Vorsprünge in die Öffnungen hinein bzw. wieder aus diesen heraus starker Widerstand durch Pressung zwischen den Vorsprüngen und den Rändern der Öffnungen entgegengesetzt wird, wobei die Überführbarkeit der Vorsprünge aus der Einsteck- und Herausziehstellung in die Sperrstellung und umgekehrt aufgrund der Elastizität (Nachgiebigkeit) der Dichtung möglich ist. Allerdings gestaltet sich die Montage und vor allem die Demontage der Dichtungen bei derartigen Plattenwärmetauschern aufgrund der erforderlichen axialen und seitlichen Bewegungen der Nippel schwierig. Wenn auch die Elastizität der Dichtungen beim Einbau ausreichend ist, so lässt diese während des Einsatzes der Plattenwärmetauscher nach, so dass eine Demontage der Dichtungen meist nur durch Abschneiden mindestens einiger der Nippel möglich ist.From the EP 0 123 379 B1 Finally, a plate heat exchanger is known in which the seal is secured by means integrally formed with her elastic projections which engage in associated openings in the groove base to the plate. The apertures are formed to have a male and an extraction region into which the projections are free to move freely in and out of the edge of the apertures. From this area, the projections are transferable into a blocking area of the openings, in which the movement of the projections into the openings in and out of these again strong resistance by pressing between the projections and the edges of the openings is opposite, wherein the convertibility of the projections the insertion and withdrawal position in the locked position and vice versa due to the elasticity (compliance) of the seal is possible. However, the assembly and especially the disassembly of the seals in such plate heat exchangers difficult due to the required axial and lateral movements of the nipple. Although the elasticity of the seals during installation is sufficient, it will diminish during use of the plate heat exchanger, so that disassembly of the seals is usually only possible by cutting off at least some of the nipples.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, bei einem Plattenwärmetauscher gattungsgemäßer Art eine einfache Lösung für die mechanische Befestigung der Dichtungen an den Platten zur Verfügung zu stellen, die dennoch einen sicheren Halt und ein problemloses Entfernen der Dichtungen ermöglicht.Object of the present invention is to provide a simple solution for the mechanical attachment of the seals to the plates in a plate heat exchanger of the generic type, yet allows a secure fit and easy removal of the seals.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Plattenwärmetauscher mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a plate heat exchanger with the features of claim 1.

Aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung gemäß Anspruch 1 werden die Nippel bei ihrem Einstecken in die Löcher nicht auf ihrem gesamten Umfang gepreßt, sondern nur örtlich an den Stellen, an denen sie den Rand der Löcher überragen. Da ihr Querschnitt kleiner als die Durchtrittsfläche der Löcher ist, ist an den anderen Stellen noch Spiel zwischen dem Umfang der Nippel und dem Rand der Löcher. Aufgrund der Elastizität der Nippel kann deren gepreßtes Material in diese freien Räume ausweichen, was zu einer Verringerung der Pressung führt und damit das Einpressen der Nippel in die Löcher erleichtert. Durch diesen Verdrängungsmechanismus werden Übertoleranzen in den radialen Abmessungen der Nippel sehr gut kompensiert, mit anderen Worten, es kann mit größeren radialen Übermaßen gearbeitet werden, als noch dem Stand der Technik möglich ist.Due to the inventive solution according to claim 1, the nipples are not pressed on their entire circumference when they are plugged into the holes, but only locally at the locations where they project beyond the edge of the holes. Since their cross section is smaller than the passage area of the holes, in the other places is still play between the circumference of the nipples and the edge of the holes. Due to the elasticity of the nipples whose pressed material can escape into these spaces, resulting in a reduction of the pressure and thus facilitates the pressing of the nipple in the holes. By this displacement mechanism tolerances in the radial dimensions of the nipples are compensated very well, in other words, it can be worked with larger radial excesses than is still possible in the prior art.

Dabei können in Ausgestaltung der Erfindung entweder die Löcher einen polygonalen Durchtrittsquerschnitt und die Nippel einen kreisrunden Querschnitt oder umgekehrt die Nippel einen polygonalen und die Löcher einen kreisrunden Querschnitt besitzen.In this case, in an embodiment of the invention, either the holes have a polygonal passage cross-section and the nipple a circular cross-section or conversely the nipples have a polygonal and the holes have a circular cross-section.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Rand der Löcher als ein in Einsteckrichtung der Nippel weisender Durchzug ausgebildet. Diese Gestaltung der Löcher hat verschiedene Vorteile. So wird gegenüber dem Stand der Technik die Kontaktfläche zwischen Nippel und Loch erhöht. Das schafft mehr Gestaltungsspielraum bei der Optimierung der erfindungswesentlichen Merkmale in ihrem Wechselverhältnis. Des weiteren wird dadurch das Eintauchen der Nippel in die Löcher erleichtert, da die Enden der Nippel beim Einstecken in die Löcher gegen einen umlaufenden Radius am Lochrand laufen, der sich beim Herstellen des Durchzuges automatisch ergibt. Dieser Radius gestattet es auch, am Übergang vom Nippel zur Dichtung einen Radius vorzusehen. Das hat zum einen fertigungstechnische Vorteile beim Herstellen der Dichtung und zum anderen vermindert es die Gefahr, daß die Nippel bei Plattenbewegungen an dieser Stelle abgeschert werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the edge of the holes is formed as a pointing in the insertion direction of the nipple passage. This design of the holes has several advantages. Thus, the contact surface between nipple and hole is increased compared to the prior art. This creates more creative freedom in optimizing the features essential to the invention in their interaction. Furthermore, this facilitates the immersion of the nipples in the holes, since the ends of the nipples when inserted into the holes run against a circumferential radius at the edge of the hole, which automatically results in the production of the passage. This radius also makes it possible, at the transition from the nipple to Seal to provide a radius. This has on the one hand manufacturing advantages in making the seal and on the other hand it reduces the risk that the nipples are sheared at plate movements at this point.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist es zur Erleichterung des Einsteckens der Nippel in die Löcher von Vorteil, wenn die Enden der Nippel konisch gestaltet sind.In a further development of the invention, it is to facilitate the insertion of the nipple into the holes advantageous if the ends of the nipple are conical.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels und einer dazugehörigen Zeichnung näher erläutert. In dieser Zeichnung zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine Platte eines Platten- wärmetauschers,
Fig. 2
einen ausschnittsweisen perspektivischen Blick auf den Randbereich einer Platte mit eingelegter Dichtung,
Fig. 3
eine Schnitt A-A gemäß Fig. 2 im vergrößerten Maßstab mit zusätzlicher Darstellung einer aufgelegten, zweiten Platte mit eingelegter Dichtung,
Fig. 4
einen Schnitt B-B gemäß Fig. 2 im vergrößerten Maßstab, ebenfalls mit zusätzlicher Darstel- lung einer aufgelegten zweiten Platte mit ein- gelegter Dichtung,
Fig. 5
einen Schnitt C-C gemäß Fig. 2 im vergrößerten Maßstab, ebenfalls mit zusätzlicher Darstel- lung einer aufgelegten zweiten Platte mit ein- gelegter Dichtung,
Fig. 6
einen Schnitt D-D gemäß Fig. 5 im vergrößerten Maßstab, und
Fig. 7
einen Schnitt E-E gemäß Fig. 5 im vergrößerten Maßstab.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment and an accompanying drawing. In this drawing shows:
Fig. 1
a schematic plan view of a plate of a plate heat exchanger,
Fig. 2
a partial perspective view of the edge region of a plate with inlaid seal,
Fig. 3
a section AA according to Fig. 2 in the enlarged Scale with additional representation of an applied, second plate with inserted seal,
Fig. 4
a section BB according to Fig. 2 on an enlarged scale, also with additional representation of an applied second plate with inserted seal,
Fig. 5
a section CC according to Fig. 2 on an enlarged scale, also with additional representation of an applied second plate with inserted seal,
Fig. 6
a section DD according to Fig. 5 on an enlarged scale, and
Fig. 7
a section EE according to Fig. 5 on an enlarged scale.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Platte 1 eines Plattenwärmetauschers mit einer Wärmeaustauschfläche 2 die von einer in eine periphere Nut 3 eingelegten Dichtung 4 aus synthetischem Gummi oder einem anderen elastischen Dichtungsmaterial eingerahmt ist. An den Ecken der Platte 1 sind Ein- und Austrittsöffnungen 5-8 für die Wärmeaustauschmedien vorgesehen. Während in der gezeigten Platte 1 die Ein- und Austrittsöffnungen 5, 6 von der Dichtung 4 eingeschlossen sind, umgibt die Dichtung in den vor und hinter der Platte 1 angeordneten, in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellten Platten die Ein- und Austrittsöffnungen 7 und 8. Auf diese Weise werden zwischen den zu einem Paket gebündelten Platten abwechselnd Strömungskanäle für ein wärmeabgebendes und ein wärmeaufnehmendes Medien gebildet. Insofern entspricht der Plattenwärmetauscher dem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Aufbau, so daß hierzu keine weiteren Erläuterungen erforderlich sind. Fig. 1 shows a plate 1 of a plate heat exchanger with a heat exchange surface 2 which is framed by an inserted in a peripheral groove 3 seal 4 made of synthetic rubber or other elastic sealing material. At the corners of the plate 1, inlet and outlet openings 5-8 are provided for the heat exchange media. While in the illustrated plate 1, the inlet and outlet openings 5, 6 are enclosed by the gasket 4, the gasket surrounds in front of and behind the plate 1, arranged in Fig. 1 plates not shown, the inlet and outlet openings 7 and 8. In this way, alternately formed flow channels for a heat-emitting and a heat-absorbing media between the bundled into a package plates. In this respect, the plate heat exchanger corresponds to the structure known from the prior art, so that no further explanation is required.

Die Dichtung 4 ist ohne Verwendung irgendeines Klebstoffes in der Nut 3 fixiert. Dazu sind auf der der Wärmetauscherfläche 2 abgewandten Seite einstückig mit der Nut ausgebildete Halteteile 9 vorgesehen, die in geeigneten Abständen voneinander auf dem Umfang der Dichtung 4 angeordnet sind und seitlich von dieser abragen.The gasket 4 is fixed in the groove 3 without using any adhesive. For this purpose, on the side facing away from the heat exchanger surface 2 integrally formed with the groove holding parts 9 are provided, which are arranged at suitable intervals from each other on the circumference of the seal 4 and protrude laterally from this.

Ein solches Halteteil 9 ist in Fig. 2 perspektivisch dargestellt, die einen Randausschnitt der Platte 1 zeigt. An dieser Stelle soll erwähnt werden, daß in der Darstellung gemäß Fig. 2 eine zweite Platte 1', die in den Schnittdarstellungen gemäß den Fig. 3-5 ersichtlich ist, aus Gründen der Übersicht weggelassen worden ist.Such a holding part 9 is in Fig. 2 shown in perspective, which shows a marginal detail of the plate 1. At this point it should be mentioned that in the illustration according to Fig. 2 a second plate 1 ', which in the sectional views according to the Fig. 3-5 is apparent, has been omitted for clarity.

Aus Fig. 2 geht hervor, daß die Nut 3 aus einer vom Niveau der Wärmeaustauschfläche 2 abfallenden inneren Seitenwand 10, einem Nutenboden 11 und einer wieder auf das Niveau der Wärmeaustauschfläche 2 ansteigenden äußeren Seitenwand 12 gebildet ist, wobei sich an letztere ein Plattenrand 13 anschließt. Dieser Plattenrand 13 ist nicht eben, sondern durch sich abwechselnd nach oben und unten sowie nach außen öffnende im Querschnitt trapezförmige Kanäle 14 und 15 gebildet. Dabei liegen die Böden 16 der Kanäle 14 auf dem Niveau des Nutenbodens 11 und die Böden 17 der Kanäle 15 auf dem Niveau der Wärmeaustauschfläche 2. Diese "Wellung" des Plattenrandes 13 ist dadurch gebildet, daß die Kanäle 14 aus der Blechplatine der Platte 1 als zur Nut 3 hin geschlossene Tröge nach unten gedrückt sind. Dadurch bleiben zwischen den Stirnwänden 18 der Kanäle 14 und der äußeren Seitenwand 12 der Nut 3 Brücken 19 stehen. Die unterhalb dieser Brücken 19 gebildeten Hohlräume 20 verbinden die Kanäle 15, die bis zur äußeren Seitenwand 12 der Nut 3 durchlaufen, auf der Unterseite der Platte 1.Out Fig. 2 shows that the groove 3 is formed from a sloping from the level of the heat exchange surface 2 inner side wall 10, a groove bottom 11 and a return to the level of the heat exchange surface 2 rising outer side wall 12, wherein the latter is followed by a plate edge 13. This plate edge 13 is not flat, but formed by alternately up and down and outward opening in cross-section trapezoidal channels 14 and 15. The bottoms 16 of the channels 14 are at the level of Nutenbodens 11 and the bottoms 17 of the channels 15 at the level of the heat exchange surface 2. This "corrugation" of the plate edge 13 is formed by the fact that the channels 14 from the sheet metal plate of the plate 1 as to the groove 3 closed troughs are pushed down. As a result, remain between the end walls 18 of the channels 14 and the outer side wall 12 of the groove 3 bridges 19 are. The cavities 20 formed below these bridges 19 connect the channels 15, which up to the outer side wall 12 of the Pass through groove 3, on the underside of the plate. 1

Jedes Halteteil 9 greift jeweils in zwei benachbarte Kanäle 14 und einen dazwischen liegenden Kanal 15 ein. Es ist über einen sich über seine gesamte Breite erstreckenden Steg 21 mit der Dichtung 4 verbunden, der in den oberen Rand der Dichtung 4 einbindet. Die Form dieses Steges 21 ist aus Fig. 2 nicht ersichtlich, erschließt sich aber aus einer Zusammenschau der Querschnittsdarstellungen gemäß den Fig. 3 und 4. Daraus ergibt sich, daß der Steg 21 im Bereich des Bodens 17 des Kanals 15 dünner ist, als im Bereich der Brücken zwischen den beiden Kanälen 14 und der äußeren Seitenwand 12 der Nut 3, d. h., der Steg 21 ist in diesen Bereichen verstärkt. Um diese verstärkten Bereiche des Steges 21 aufzunehmen, sind die Brücken der Kanäle 14, in die das Halteteil 9 eingreift, im Vergleich zu den übrigen Brücken 19 um den Betrag der Verstärkung nach unten eingedrückt, so daß die dadurch gebildeten Brücken 19.1 eine geringere Höhe haben als die Brücken 19. Diese Ausbildung ergibt sich wiederum aus einer Zusammenschau der Fig. 3 und 4.Each holding part 9 engages in each case in two adjacent channels 14 and an intermediate channel 15 a. It is connected via an over its entire width extending web 21 with the seal 4, which incorporates into the upper edge of the seal 4. The shape of this web 21 is off Fig. 2 not apparent, but opens from a synopsis of the cross-sectional views according to the 3 and 4 , It follows that the web 21 is thinner in the region of the bottom 17 of the channel 15, as in the region of the bridges between the two channels 14 and the outer side wall 12 of the groove 3, ie, the web 21 is reinforced in these areas. To accommodate these reinforced areas of the web 21, the bridges of the channels 14, in which the holding part 9 engages, pressed down in comparison to the other bridges 19 by the amount of reinforcement down, so that the bridges 19.1 formed thereby have a lower height as the bridges 19. This training, in turn, results from a synopsis of the 3 and 4 ,

An den Steg 21 schließen sich zwei Fortsätze 22 an, die an ihrem der Dichtung 4 zugewandten Ende durch ein Querglied 23 miteinander verbunden sind, an das sich, bezogen auf den Plattenrand 13, nach außen ein dünneres, die Fortsätze 22 ebenfalls verbindendes Zwischenteil 24 anschließt, dessen Unterseite eine Verlängerung des Steges 19 bildet.The web 21 is followed by two extensions 22, which are connected to each other at its end facing the seal 4 by a cross member 23, to which, based on the plate edge 13, outwardly a thinner, the extensions 22 also connecting intermediate part 24 connects whose underside forms an extension of the web 19.

Im eingebauten Zustand liegen die Fortsätze 22 in den zugeordneten Kanälen 14, während das Zwischenstück 24 auf dem Boden 17 des dazwischen angeordneten Kanals 15 ruht. Wie insbesondere aus Fig. 5 hervorgeht, ist der Querschnitt der Fortsätze 22 so gewählt, daß sie den durch die Kanäle 14 der Platte 1 und die Kanäle 15 der dahinter angeordneten bzw., auf die Zeichnung bezogen, darüberliegende Platte 1' gebildeten, sechseckigen Querschnitt vollständig ausfüllen, mit anderen Worten, sie liegen formschlüssig in den zugeordneten, einander zugewandten Kanälen 14 und 15. Da die Kanäle 14, 15 nach außen, also zur Umgebung offen sind, können sich die Halteteile 9 in diese Richtung ausdehnen, wodurch thermische und mechanische Spannungen abgebaut, und damit Deformationen des Plattenrandes 13 vermieden werden.When installed, the projections 22 are located in the associated channels 14, while the intermediate piece 24 rests on the bottom 17 of the channel 15 arranged therebetween. As in particular from Fig. 5 As can be seen, the cross section of the extensions 22 is chosen so that they are arranged through the channels 14 of the plate 1 and the channels 15 of the rear or, based on the drawing, overlying plate 1 'formed hexagonal cross-section completely fill, in other words, they are positively in the associated, facing channels 14 and 15. Since the channels 14, 15 to the outside, so open to the environment are, the holding parts 9 can expand in this direction, whereby thermal and mechanical stresses are reduced, and thus deformations of the plate edge 13 can be avoided.

Aus Fig. 5 in Verbindung mit Fig. 3 geht hervor, daß der Boden 16 des Kanals 14 der Platte 1', der über dem Zwischenteil 24 liegt, im hinteren Bereich um die Stärke des Zwischenteils 24 angehoben ist, d. h., er schmiegt sich gewissermaßen von oben an das Zwischenteil 24 an. Aus Fig. 3 ist auch ersichtlich, daß das Querglied 23 im montierten Zustand den unter der Brücke 19 gebildeten Hohlraum 20 im wesentlichen ausfüllt.Out Fig. 5 combined with Fig. 3 shows that the bottom 16 of the channel 14 of the plate 1 ', which is located above the intermediate part 24, is raised in the rear region by the thickness of the intermediate part 24, that is, it nestles in a sense from above to the intermediate part 24. Out Fig. 3 It can also be seen that the cross member 23 substantially fills the cavity 20 formed under the bridge 19 in the assembled state.

Die beschriebene formschlüssige Ausbildung der Halteteile 9 mit den sie abdeckenden Platten 1, 1' stabilisiert die Ausrichtung der Platten 1, 1' im Plattenpaket und verhindert bzw. vermindert im Zusammenwirken mit üblichen an den Platten ausgebildeten metallischen Führungselementen Bewegungen der Platten 1, 1' in der Plattenebene im Betrieb aufgrund des Innendruckes der Wärmeaustauschmedien.The described positive formation of the holding parts 9 with the plates 1, 1 'covering them stabilizes the orientation of the plates 1, 1' in the plate pack and prevents or reduces movements of the plates 1, 1 'in cooperation with conventional metallic guide elements formed on the plates the plate level in operation due to the internal pressure of the heat exchange media.

Da die Halteteile 9 und damit auch die Dichtung 4 in der bisher beschriebenen Ausführung nur lose auf der Platte 1 aufliegen, müssen Vorkehrungen zur Befestigung getroffen werden, damit die Dichtung 4 während der Montage beim davorliegenden Handling sicher in der Nut drei fixiert ist. Hierzu ist ein einstückig mit dem Halteteil 9 ausgebildeter Nippel 25 vorgesehen, der von dem Zwischenteil 24 nach unten abragt und bei montierter Dichtung 4 ein kreisrundes Loch 26 in der Platte 1 durchragt. Der Rand dieses Loches 26 ist als ein in Einsteckrichtung des Nippels 25 weisender Durchzug 27 ausgebildet. Der aufgrund des Durchzuges 27 gebildete Radius am Lochrand erleichtert das Einstecken des Nippels 25 in das Loch 26. Gleichzeitig kann der Übergang des Nippels 25 an das Zwischenteil 24 ebenfalls mit diesem Radius ausgeführt werden. Diese Ausbildung vermindert zum einen die auf den Nippel 25 aus dem Rand des Loches 26 wirkenden Scherkräfte und erleichtert zum anderen die Herstellung, da Radien sich in einer Gußform besser realisieren lassen. Zur weiteren Erleichterung des Einsteckens in das Loch 26 ist die Spitze des Nippels 25 kegelstumpfartig ausgebildet.Since the holding parts 9 and thus also the seal 4 in the embodiment described so far only loosely rest on the plate 1, provisions for attachment must be made so that the seal 4 is securely fixed in the groove three during assembly when handling it in front. For this purpose, an integrally formed with the holding part 9 nipple 25 is provided, which protrudes from the intermediate part 24 down and protrudes when mounted seal 4, a circular hole 26 in the plate 1. The edge of this hole 26 is formed as a plug-in direction of the nipple 25 facing passage 27. The radius formed by the passage 27 at the edge of the hole facilitates the insertion of the nipple 25 in the hole 26. At the same time, the transition of the nipple 25 to the intermediate part 24 can also be performed with this radius. This training reduces on the one hand acting on the nipple 25 from the edge of the hole 26 shearing forces and facilitates the other production, since radii can be better realized in a mold. To further facilitate the insertion into the hole 26, the tip of the nipple 25 is frustoconical.

Der Nippel 25 hat abweichend vom Kreisquerschnitt des Loches 26 einen trigonalen Querschnitt, wobei die Kanten 29 abgerundet sind. Diese Ausbildung geht am besten aus Fig. 6 hervor. In dieser Darstellung ist ein den Nippelquerschnitt umhüllender Kreis 28 eingezeichnet. Der Durchmesser D1 dieses Kreises 28 ist größer als der Innendurchmesser D2 des Loches 26. Gleichzeitig ist aber die Querschnittsfläche des Nippels 25 kleiner als der Durchtrittsquerschnitt des Loches 26.The nipple 25 has deviating from the circular cross section of the hole 26 has a trigonal cross section, the edges 29 are rounded. This training is best Fig. 6 out. In this illustration, a nipple cross-section enclosing circle 28 is located. The diameter D1 of this circle 28 is greater than the inner diameter D2 of the hole 26. At the same time, however, the cross-sectional area of the nipple 25 is smaller than the passage cross-section of the hole 26.

Wird der Nippel 25 bei der Montage der Dichtung 4 in das Loch 26 eingedrückt, so zentriert er sich aufgrund seiner konischen Spitze und des Radius am Lochrand selbst. Gleichzeitig wird sein Eindringen in das Loch 26 erleichtert. Beim weiteren Eindrücken des Nippels 25 wird dessen Material an den über den Innendurchmesser des Loches 26 überstehenden Stellungen, das sind in diesem Falle die abgerundeten Kanten 29, zusammengedrückt. Es kann aber aufgrund seiner Elastizität in die freien Räume zwischen dem Querschnitt des Nippels 25 und der Lochinnenwandung ausweichen. In Fig. 7 sind diese freien Räume mit dem Bezugszeichen 30 versehen. Da das Material des Nippels 25 somit radial und axial Fließfreiheit hat, wird das Eindrücken und Herausziehen des Nippels 25 in das bzw. aus dem Loch 26 erleichtert. Gleichzeitig ist für den erforderlichen Klemmsitz des Nippels 25 im Loch 26 gesorgt, der durch die mit dem Durchzug 27 geschaffene größere Innenwandfläche des Loches 26 noch verbessert wird.If the nipple 25 is pressed in the assembly of the seal 4 in the hole 26, it centers itself due to its conical tip and the radius at the edge of the hole itself. At the same time its penetration into the hole 26 is facilitated. Upon further impressions of the nipple 25, its material is compressed to the over the inner diameter of the hole 26 protruding positions, which are in this case the rounded edges 29, together. But it can escape because of its elasticity in the free spaces between the cross section of the nipple 25 and the hole inner wall. In Fig. 7 These free spaces are provided with the reference numeral 30. Since the material of the nipple 25 thus radial and axial freedom, the indentation and withdrawal of the nipple 25 into and out of the hole 26 is facilitated. At the same time, provision is made for the required nippling fit of the nipple 25 in the hole 26, which is further enhanced by the larger inner wall surface of the hole 26 created by the passage 27.

Claims (5)

  1. Plate heat exchanger comprising a successive arrangement of plates (1), which are joined to form a stack and which by means of an elastic seal (4) inserted into a peripheral groove (3) between each two adjacent plates form channels that are closed alternately for an exothermic and an endothermic medium and that are chargeable with the respective medium through mutually aligned inlet- and outlet openings (5-8) of the plates (1), wherein the seals (4) are mechanically fastened in each case to one of the plates that they seal off from one another in that elastic nipples (25), which are formed integrally with the seals (4) and arranged at intervals, are pressed into associated holes (26) of the plates, characterized in that the nipples (25) have a cross section that is smaller than the cross section of passage of the holes (26) but projects from said cross section of passage at a plurality of points on the circumference, wherein the nipples (25) are fixable in the holes (26) simply by being pressed axially therein.
  2. Plate heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the nipples (25) have a polygonal cross section and the holes (26) have a circular cross section.
  3. Plate heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes (26) have a polygonal cross section of passage and the nipples (25) have a circular cross section.
  4. Plate heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the edge of the holes (26) takes the form of a plunging (27) oriented in the direction of insertion of the nipples (25).
  5. Plate heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tip of the nipples (25) is of a conical shape.
EP01250256A 2000-07-22 2001-07-11 Plate-like heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime EP1176381B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK08016065.8T DK2045557T3 (en) 2000-07-22 2001-07-11 Plate heat exchanger
EP08016065A EP2045557B1 (en) 2000-07-22 2001-07-11 Plate heat exchanger

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10035776 2000-07-22
DE10035776A DE10035776C1 (en) 2000-07-22 2000-07-22 Plate heat exchanger for medical or food industry use has seals provided between stacked plates provided with nipples fitting through holes on plates

Related Child Applications (1)

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EP08016065A Division EP2045557B1 (en) 2000-07-22 2001-07-11 Plate heat exchanger

Publications (3)

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EP1176381A2 EP1176381A2 (en) 2002-01-30
EP1176381A3 EP1176381A3 (en) 2004-04-07
EP1176381B1 true EP1176381B1 (en) 2009-02-25

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ID=7649884

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EP08016065A Expired - Lifetime EP2045557B1 (en) 2000-07-22 2001-07-11 Plate heat exchanger
EP01250256A Expired - Lifetime EP1176381B1 (en) 2000-07-22 2001-07-11 Plate-like heat exchanger

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EP08016065A Expired - Lifetime EP2045557B1 (en) 2000-07-22 2001-07-11 Plate heat exchanger

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US (1) US6513584B2 (en)
EP (2) EP2045557B1 (en)
KR (2) KR100850622B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1249397C (en)
AT (2) ATE423953T1 (en)
DE (3) DE10035776C1 (en)
DK (2) DK1176381T3 (en)
ES (2) ES2352532T3 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
DK1176381T3 (en) 2009-06-15
KR20020009421A (en) 2002-02-01
US6513584B2 (en) 2003-02-04
EP1176381A3 (en) 2004-04-07
ES2352532T3 (en) 2011-02-21
EP2045557B1 (en) 2010-11-10
ATE487914T1 (en) 2010-11-15
ATE423953T1 (en) 2009-03-15
EP1176381A2 (en) 2002-01-30
DE50114721D1 (en) 2009-04-09
CN1334434A (en) 2002-02-06
EP2045557A1 (en) 2009-04-08
US20020074112A1 (en) 2002-06-20
KR100850622B1 (en) 2008-08-05
ES2321909T3 (en) 2009-06-15
DE50115706D1 (en) 2010-12-23
KR20080036969A (en) 2008-04-29
CN1249397C (en) 2006-04-05
KR100868853B1 (en) 2008-11-14
DE10035776C1 (en) 2001-12-13
DK2045557T3 (en) 2011-02-07

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