EP1147265B1 - Device for breaking up the outer layers of the ground - Google Patents

Abstract

For the breaking-up and removal of ground outer layers there serves an device that is constructed as a dredge shovel. On its rear side lying opposite the receiving opening it is provided with a milling and cutting arrangement that has a predetermined milling (or cutting) depth and that serves for the penetration of pavement layers or similar outer layers, as well as for their breakdown into a workable recycling material.

Description

The invention relates to a device for loosening and picking up cover layers, such as frozen Soil, concrete surfaces, asphalt.

In many cases it is necessary to cover layers, which are relatively hard to break open and remove. there it is often desirable to do this only on limited areas restrict while leaving undisturbed adjacent areas should stay. For example, can it for laying Lines of various types may be required to dig trenches open, the trenches being asphalted in many cases or concrete surfaces or other surfaces Must cross areas. In other cases too it may be necessary to remove cover layers.

The underground in which the trenches are to be made occasionally consists of cohesive soil. However, it can also happen that the underground is rocky. For lifting of trenches, hollows, pits or other depressions usually serve excavators with appropriate excavator buckets. To dig the trenches even with difficult ones Soil conditions and in sealed, with more resistant Cover layers provided floors (road surface) allow, it has already been proposed a Combine excavator bucket with a milling device. The milling device is on the open front arranged the excavator bucket.

When working in cohesive soils, the use of a Milling machine is often not required.

From US-PS 4793732 a milling charger according to Art an excavator bucket known, on the back or bottom a hydraulically driven milling machine is arranged. To do this, the bottom of the excavator bucket is curved inwards, so that a chamber partially housing the milling machine is formed is. The chamber wall also forms the bottom of the Excavator bucket and a partition between the receiving room the excavator bucket and the milling chamber. At the back the bucket is also a spray device arranged with the sprayable media in the work area of the milling rotor can be initiated.

A similar excavator bucket is known from US-A-5423137 known. The excavator bucket has on its back or underside an indentation that is a chamber for one hydraulically driven milling rotor. With the milling rotor fixed material can be milled out subsequently picked up by the excavator bucket can.

When using the known excavator buckets with milling rotor the milling rotor is initially used to break up material and used to loosen it up, after which the material in a separate operation from the shovel is recorded.

Based on this, it is an object of the invention to versatile device for breaking open To create cover layers that are versatile. It is also an object of the invention to provide a corresponding To create procedures that allow rational work.

These related tasks are by the device according to claim 1 or Method according to claim 18 solved.

In the device according to the invention is a receiving device (Excavator shovel), which to pick up and local removal of excavation is set up with a milling and cutting device arranged on the back combined, which is the penetration of concrete, Rock or asphalt layers or frozen ground allowed. The milling and cutting device is preferred trained to be a more or less allows a smooth cut, the area to be loosened from areas that cannot be removed and which should remain undamaged. Should e.g. a ditch crossing a street must be in the area of the trench of the Road surface to be removed; the rest of the topping should not be relaxed. Traditionally, using a diamond saw Cut into the pavement to prevent that larger parts of the neighboring road surface torn out or damaged become. The milling and cutting device makes the separating cut dispensable and only removes the road surface in the required area. It preferably has one Milling and cutting rotor on, with appropriate chisels is occupied and an essentially smooth edge cut leaves. To drive the milling and cutting device is a drive device on the trench opening device intended. A holding and guiding device carries both the milling and cutting device and the receiving device and the drive device that fixed are connected to each other and allows their positioning, to mill soil layers and dig trenches.

The receiving device has a free receiving opening on, i.e. the milling and cutting device is not arranged in the region of the receiving opening of the receiving space. This makes picking up loose excavation independent from the operation of the milling and cutting device possible undisturbed. The facility as a whole can be used as needed can be used like an excavator shovel without the To drive milling and cutting device. The excavation of cohesive soils, which may be a milling and Cutter could clog, unhindered possible.

The milling and cutting device can have multiple rotors exhibit. In a preferred embodiment, it points but only a single one with chisels or other Cutting tools occupied rotor. This is as Disc or roller cutters trained and allows one Milling depth of at least 20cm but preferably 30cm or more. This makes it possible to cover road surfaces and if necessary. at least part of the substructure in one operation dig. It also makes it possible to use relative narrow rotors that don't span the entire Extend the width of the excavator bucket (holding device). This enables, for example, relatively large to be achieved Milling depths with moderate drive power of the drive device. The removal of the topping over one too opening trench then takes place in several steps, by milled strips into strips laterally offset becomes.

The milling and cutting rotor is preferably in one chamber arranged at the rear of the receiving device housed, from which he protrudes with a section. This makes it possible for the recording device and use the milling and cutting rotor independently of each other. When milling floor coverings or hard rock layers the receiving device is not in the way and when picking up excavation is the milling device not a hindrance. It is advantageous if the milling Cutting rotor has a diameter that is larger than half the height of the back of the cradle is. This in turn makes the above big ones Milling depths possible.

The milling depth is preferably regulated, by means of a support bar, support skid or plate, the the material of the cover layer that has not yet been loosened supported. The bar, skid or plate can be in Working direction can be arranged in front of or next to the rotor.

It is adjacent to and at a distance from the rotor preferably a stop bar arranged on the Chisels pass by. By regulating the distance between the chisel tips and the stop bar can Grain of the resulting crushed material is regulated become. With the appropriate setting, a relatively uniform granulation of the material.

The receiving device can be a flat one Have underside. This is especially for training flat trench soles advantageous. Here it is useful if the cutting and milling device is horizontal held bottom is arranged above the same. The axis of rotation of the milling and cutting rotor is in one Distance to the bottom that is greater than the radius of the milling and cutting rotor to make this possible.

Between the receiving the milling and cutting device Chamber and the receiving device can Partition or partition may be arranged. This is provided with a through opening. The passage opening is preferably in the centrifugal area of the milling and Cutting device arranged. This will make an immediate Introducing milled and shredded flooring possible in the receiving device. The passage opening can be permanently open or with a flap or be provided with a slider.

The milling and cutting device not only allows the quick and easy loosening and loosening of those to be removed Top layers, but also their size reduction on a grain size or grain size ranges that are re-installing of the milled and shredded material as Allow recycled material instead of crushed stone. The Granules generated by the milling process can be replaced by a corresponding passage opening mentioned above in the Partition directly into the receiving area of the receiving device be introduced. Is the partition at least in some areas designed as a sieve or provided with a sieve, can cut the milled material with the rotor and classified in one operation. In the Recording room only gets the portion with the desired one Grain while coarser parts continue to be exposed to the rotor and crushed or left lying. This saves Drive power and enables the production of recycling material high and uniform quality.

Alternatively, the granules can initially remain in place and in a second operation from the receiving device be included. With the latter procedure parts of the detached cover layer or Fragments of these comparatively longer with the Interacting milling and cutting rotor, so that possibly a stronger or more uniform shredding of the material results. Regardless, the invention allows Establish a separate capture of crushed cover layers and underlying cohesive Material. This in turn contributes to the fact that the milling and Cutting rotor preferably not the entire width of the Receiving device (excavator bucket) takes. Laterally In addition to the milling and cutting rotor, a guide device can be used be provided, which determines the milling depth. The The guide device can be guided through a guide surface area, a leading edge or a runner is formed, that sits on top of material that has not yet been excavated and glides along it. This will make one too deep penetration of the trench opening device into the Soil when milling the top layer and thus an unintended Picking up cohesive underground material prevented.

If necessary, an adjustable guide element can be used here be provided to adjust the milling depth too can. Alternatively, the position of the axis of rotation can be adjusted be trained, which in turn is an attitude the milling depth allowed. Under certain circumstances, this can also be the case happen by using rotors of different sizes. In most cases, however, it can at least be simplified Embodiments because of the in many cases uniform, covering thickness found on road surfaces the milling depth is not adjusted.

The reassembly of the milled covering material The place of gravel saves landfill costs and protects the Environment. In addition, costs for the procurement of Gravel saved, which is usually required anyway.

The cohesive soil can also be reinstalled if necessary become. If necessary, he can do this with additives be transferred. For mixing the cohesive soil With the additives, the milling and Cutting rotor can be used. First, the cohesive soil applied to the aggregate, after which he is milled with the milling and cutting rotor. This can before or after excavating the soil on site, on the loading area a truck or on an intermediate storage area.

The device is preferably weighing provided or connectable that the cutting and milling device loaded and to the top layer to be broken presses. With such a weight, however, not only causes a pressure effect, but at the same time becomes one strong vibration damping achieved. wear to or unwanted vibrations for other reasons close to the place of origin, i.e. next to the milling tool absorbed by the inertia of the weight and thus eliminated. This in turn enables high milling performance even with very resistant top layers.

The weight can be adjusted by a device Steel ball, an otherwise trained weight or, for example, also a particularly difficult one Cover formed, which is pivotable in front of the receiving opening is stored. The lid can be removed, be freely pivotable or hydraulically pivotable. The lid has the advantage of leaving the recording space free, so that this, at least in the embodiment with Through hole (s) between the milling tool and the Recording room, can fill with milled material.

Fig. 1 bis Fig. 4

die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung zum Lösen und Aufnehmen von Deckschichten, in verschiedenen Arbeitsstadien,

Fig. 5

die Einrichtung, in einer ausschnittsweisen, teilweise geschnittenen Rückansicht,

Fig. 6

die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung nach den Figuren 1 bis 5, in einer schematisierten und ausschnittsweisen Seitenansicht,

Fig. 7

die Einrichtung zum Lösen und Aufnehmen von Deckschichten, in einer abgewandelten Ausführungsform und in einer schematisierten Seitenansicht,

Fig. 8

eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform der Einrichtung zum Lösen und Aufnehmen von Deckschichten, mit zwei Rotoren, in einer Ansicht auf die Rückseite, und

Fig. 9

eine weiter abgewandelte Ausführungsform der Einrichtung zum Lösen und Aufnehmen von Deckschichten, mit zwei kegelförmigen Rotoren, in einer Ansicht auf die Rückseite.

Further details of advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the drawing, the description or subclaims. An exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing. Show it:

1 to 4

the device according to the invention for detaching and receiving cover layers, in different working stages,

Fig. 5

the device, in a partial, partially cut rear view,

Fig. 6

the inventive device according to Figures 1 to 5, in a schematic and partial side view,

Fig. 7

the device for detaching and receiving cover layers, in a modified embodiment and in a schematic side view,

Fig. 8

a modified embodiment of the device for loosening and receiving cover layers, with two rotors, in a view of the back, and

Fig. 9

a further modified embodiment of the device for loosening and receiving cover layers, with two conical rotors, in a view of the back.

In Fig. 1, a device 1 for How to open and dig trenches at work. For constructive details of the device 1 reference is made to FIGS. 5 and 6. As from Fig. 6 can be seen, the device 1 is essentially as Excavator bucket formed with a bucket body 2. This has a receiving space 3, that of flat walls 4, 5, 6 is surrounded. The wall 5 forms the underside the excavator shovel. between the side walls 4, 5, 6 (the 5) is a receiving opening 7 defined across the entire width between the side walls 4 and 6 is open. The receiving opening 7 is not covered by any elements. On which the Receiving opening 7 delimiting end of the side wall 5 Teeth 8 are provided which, as is usual with an excavator bucket, support the excavation of soil material or should facilitate. If necessary, on the receiving opening 7 a weight 10 in the form of a pivoted Lid arranged that e.g. a mass of 2t has. The weight 10 can be freely on the excavator bucket or be pivotally mounted by means of a drive. Preferably it is separable from the excavator bucket. Instead of other weights of the lid can also be provided his.

The receiving space 3 is against with a partition 9 delimited a chamber 11 in which a milling and cutting rotor 12 is rotatably mounted. Like Figures 5 and 6 illustrate, the chamber 11 is at the rear of the Excavator bucket arranged and does not extend over the entire width of the same. During the milling and Cutting rotor with the side wall 6 is practically flat, there is a distance 14 from the side wall. The side wall 4 ends in a support edge 15 or Skid, which, as shown in FIG. 6, between an axis of rotation 16, about which the milling and cutting rotor 12 is rotatably mounted, and the outer periphery 17 is arranged. Preferably is the distance between the contact edge 15 and one perpendicular to this most distant point 18 the circumference 17 20 to 30 cm. The diameter of the circumference 18 is preferably greater than half the height of the Back.

The milling and cutting rotor 12 is also at a distance arranged to the wall 5, i.e. the circumference 18 holds one Distance of a few centimeters to the wall 5. By doing the space thus formed is a ledge 18a or one otherwise arranged, which is essentially a extending parallel to the axis of rotation 16 has continuous or interrupted edge. This regulates with their distance from the chisels that pass by of the milling and cutting rotor 12 the grain of the milled and material crushed by the milling and cutting rotor. The strip 18a can be adjustably supported if necessary to adjust the grain. Alternatively, you can the milling and cutting rotor 12 is adjustably mounted or in Diameter can be designed variable.

The milling and cutting rotor 12 is preferably with a hydraulic drive device 19 connected sits in the hub 20 and by a control device Primarily supplied with hydraulic fluid over other consumers becomes. Switching on and off takes place with a smooth start-up and run-down process. The drive device 19 is supported on a support wall 21 which is parallel between the side walls 4 and 6 between these is arranged. In the remaining distance between the Side wall 4 and the support wall 21 is sufficient space for the routing of hydraulic lines, the energy and Power supply to the drive device 19 serve. Thus, none are protruding beyond the side walls 4 and 6 Parts available. The side walls 4 and 6 can thus especially in cohesive soil to form smoother, straight side walls can be used.

The intermediate or partition 9 can be flat or curved, the circumference 18 of the milling and cutting rotor 12 in Be formed following the distance. it can also be closed his. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6 it is, however, with a through opening 22 provided a connection between the chamber 11 and the receiving space 3. The passage opening 22 directly adjoins that forming the bottom Side surface 5 and is therefore in the spin area of the milling and cutting rotor 1.2. Its drive direction is set clockwise in Fig. 6, i.e. With Looking at the back, the circumference 17 moves of the milling and cutting rotor 12 towards the side surface 5. The milling process takes place in the opposite direction.

Corresponding chisels 23 mounted on the hub 20 determine the outer circumference with their tips or cutting edges 18. They are also against the radial direction tilted so that they have a positive radial angle establish. In the example, they are at an angle of 45 ° set. They are contained in and with holders replaceable. By equipping the Milling and cutting rotor with larger or smaller chisels 23 the grain of the material can be influenced.

The chisels 23 are arranged in several rows, with respect to each other in relation to the circumferential direction that there is no material between adjacent chisels stop. The chisel 23 thus lay one or several cutting edges aligned parallel to the axis of rotation 16 firmly, which extend to the side surface 6. If necessary, can be in alignment with the side surface 6 additional cutting tools are provided, the one allow a particularly smooth edge cut. Accordingly can on the opposite side of the rotor approximately with the partition 21 final cutting device provided on the rotor to be a clean and smooth edge cut here to allow. In the present embodiment the milling and cutting rotor closes with the side wall 6 from.

The milling and cutting rotor 12 forms together with the drive device 19 a milling and cutting device 24, which are firmly connected to a receiving device 25 which is ultimately from the recording room 3 with its corresponding side walls 4, 5, 6 and teeth 8 is formed. However, despite the firm connection a corresponding embodiment an adjustment device be provided with which the distance from the guide curve 15 to the point 18 from the outer circumference 17 of the Milling and cutting rotor 12, i.e. the milling depth adjustable is. This can also be done by adjusting the leading edge 15 or adjustment of the axis of rotation 16.

The device 1 is, as indicated schematically in FIG. 6, carried by a holding and guiding device 26, which are formed, for example, by the boom of an excavator is.

Cover layers are opened and picked up with device 1 as follows:

For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a trench is in to open an area, for example by a road surface 30 is covered. One belongs to the road surface 30 Asphalt surface layer 31, which lies on a substructure 32. This contains, for example, gravel and gravel. Under the substructure 32 is cohesive bottom 33.

In a first step, the device 1 adjusted by the holding and guiding device 26 that the back of the device 1 is essentially horizontal stands. The side surface 5 which otherwise forms the bottom is set vertically. It now becomes the drive device 19 controlled so that the milling and cutting rotor 12 marked in FIG. 1 by an arrow 34 Direction rotates. At the same time, the facility 1 so far lowered that the edge 15 on the asphalt surface 31 seated. This can be seen in particular from FIG. 2. The milling and cutting rotor 12 penetrates so far into the Road surface 30 that at least the asphalt surface course 31 is penetrated. By rotating the Milling and cutting rotor 12 crush the chisel 23 den existing road surface 31 and parts of the substructure 32. As illustrated in FIG. 1, part 35 of the comminuted remains Road surface, especially the bulk with a grit that is not between the milling and cutting rotor 12 and the bar 18a fits through, in which of the Milling and cutting rotor 12 milled channel.

The weight 10 results in the milling work Vibrations effectively dampened and almost eliminated. In addition, the weight 10 generates a pressing force for the milling and cutting rotor 12. The machine for Management of the device 1 is therefore of static and relieved of dynamic forces.

The much larger part and especially the part which has a sufficiently fine grain size and between through the milling and cutting rotor and the bar 18a fits, but is due to the centrifugal effect of the milling Cutting rotor 12 transported into the interior 3, the gradually, as indicated schematically in Fig. 1 at 36 fills with fragments of road surface 31. The Milling and cutting rotor thus causes material to be shredded and separation. If the receiving device 25 is full, the milled road surface can be loaded onto a truck become.

In a following illustrated in Fig. 3 The milling process is repeated laterally offset. Again, the leading edge 15 is based on the existing one Road surface 31 and thus determines a uniform Milling depth. There is a total of a channel 37 smooth side walls 38, 39 opened, the distance from each other essentially the width of the excavator bucket, i.e. at a distance from the side walls 4, 5 corresponds to each other. If necessary, the distance between the Cutting edges 38, 39 are also somewhat larger than the width of the Excavator bucket (distance of the side surfaces 4, 5 from each other) his.

Is crushed road surface material in the gutter 37 remain, this can now be done as with one ordinary excavator shovel picked up and onto a truck loaded or milled again. After that is the binding one Floor 33 accessible. This can be done without milling to perform as with an ordinary excavator shovel be dug up and charged. The process is illustrated in Fig. 4. The milling rotor 12 is inactive here and its drive device 19 stopped. With the side wall 5, which is now set horizontally, a smooth trench sole can be formed. The Fräsund Cutting rotor 12 interferes with the operation of the excavator bucket thus in no way.

If rocky areas occur in the underground, it can be necessary, also to penetrate to a greater depth use the milling and cutting rotor 12 and can the trench flank on the left in FIG. 3 is stepped as required are trained to each with milling operation the then gradually narrowing trench bottom to be able to penetrate below.

The road surface is removed from the milling and cutting rotor 12 30 to a more or less uniform grain brought. In any case, they are not too large fragments available. Therefore, this can be from the cohesive soil 33 separately excavated material used as gravel and reinstalled when the trench is closed. The cohesive soil, on the other hand, is recorded separately and can also be reinstalled. It can do that may be necessary, e.g. lime or other additives to work into the cohesive soil. You can do this by milling Cutting rotor 12 can be used. This can be done both in Dig before digging as well on a separate Area, e.g. next to the trench or on a loading area of a truck are carried out by the excavated, deposited here Soil is mixed with the aggregate. This can be deposited on the floor, for example. The editing with the milling and cutting rotor 12 causes mixing. In addition, the excavator bucket itself can be mixed be used.

A modified embodiment of the device 1 is illustrated in Fig. 7. As far as agreement with the embodiment according to Figures 1 to 6, are whose reference numerals are used again and it is on the referenced previous description. In contrast to the one described above Embodiment is in or on the partition a sieve 40 is provided, which is arranged in the through opening 22 is. The sieve limits the grain size of the in the Recording room 4 guided material. Be fine fraction constantly removed from the milling space 11, while larger Fragments so long exposed to the milling and cutting rotor 12 remain until the desired sieve fineness is reached is. The sieve 40 can be exchangeably attached. The The facility thus has two facilities for setting the Grain: the bar 18a, the large parts outside the Milling chamber 11 holds, and the sieve 40, the fines the milling chamber 11 can emerge. Both form together a classifier.

Further embodiments of the device 1 are shown in FIG Figures 8 and 9 illustrates. Both have two milling and cutting rotors 12a and 12b, which are separate or are driven together. Otherwise, all are prominent training described possible, which is why the same reference numerals are used. differences consist in the arrangement of the rotors. The milling and Cutting rotors 12a, 12b can, according to FIG. 8, the side walls 4, 6 protrude laterally. The guide bar of the plate 15 can be between or in the direction of travel before the milling and Cutting rotors 12a, 12b can be arranged. The milling and Cutting rotors 12a, 12b can be disc-shaped, cylindrical, conical, spherical or otherwise formed his.

A device is used to break up ground cover layers 1, which is designed as an excavator shovel. On their rear side opposite the receiving opening 7 it is provided with a milling and cutting device 24, which has a predetermined milling depth and the Penetration of road surfaces 30 or similar cover layers, as well as their disclosure of a processable Recycled material.

Claims (25)

1. Device (1) for breaking up surface layers (31) of ground,
   with a milling and cutting device (24) for surface layers of ground, which has at least one milling and cutting rotor (12) with cutters (23) fitted to penetrate the surface layer (31), and
   with a receiving device (25), which has a receiving area (3) with a receiving opening (7) for excavated material located opposite the rear side and which is connected to the milling and cutting device (24),
   with a drive means (19), which belongs to the milling and cutting device (24) and is connected to the milling and cutting rotor (12), and
   with a holding and guiding means (26), by which the milling and cutting device (24) and the receiving device (25) are supported, wherein the milling and cutting device (24) is rigidly held on the receiving device (25) and is disposed on the rear side thereof,
   wherein the receiving device (25) has an inside space (3), which is separated from the milling and cutting device (24) by a dividing wall (9),
   characterised in that
   the dividing wall (9) has at least one passage (22).
2. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the milling and cutting device (24) has only one milling and cutting rotor (12), which is fitted with cutters (23), which are preferably replaceable including the holder, wherein the milling and cutting device (24) preferably has a milling width, which is less than a width of excavation determined by the receiving device.
3. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the milling and cutting device (24) has several milling and cutting rotors (12), which are fitted with cutters (23).
4. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the milling and cutting device (24) is an associated depth guidance means (15), which guides the milling and cutting device (24) on regions of the surface layer (31), and which is preferably disposed in the vicinity of the milling and cutting rotor (12) and is configured as a rigid or adjustable runner or support plate.
5. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the milling and cutting device (24) is set to a milling depth of at least 20 cm, preferably at least 30 cm.
6. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the milling and cutting rotor (12) is disposed in a chamber (11), which is disposed on the rear side of the receiving device (25).
7. Device according to Claim 6, characterised in that the milling and cutting rotor (12) has a diameter, which is larger than half the height of the rear side.
8. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the receiving device (25) has an underside (5), and that when the underside (5) is set horizontally, the milling and cutting rotor (12) is disposed above the underside (5).
9. Device according to Claim 8, characterised in that the underside (5) of the receiving device (25) is plane.
10. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the dividing wall (9) is configured as a screen (40), at least in sections.
11. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the receiving device (25) is configured as an excavator bucket.
12. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the milling and cutting device (24) has an associated adjustable stop strip (18a), which preferably extends parallel to the rotational axis of the cutting and milling rotor (12) and which is preferably adjustably held at a distance from the cutters (23).
13. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the drive means (19) has an associated control means, which supplies the drive means (19) with driving power first before other power consumers.
14. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that it is fitted with a weight (10), which preferably weighs more than a tonne.
15. Device according to Claim 14, characterised in that the weight (10) is detachably connected to the receiving device (25).
16. Device according to Claim 14, characterised in that the weight (10) is configured as a cover, which is disposed in front of the receiving opening (7).
17. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the milling and cutting rotors (12a, 12b) project laterally beyond the side walls (4, 6).
18. Method for loosening surface layers, in which by loosening and crushing the material present on the surface forming the surface layer, at least in one region, the surface layer is milled with a device according to one of the preceding claims and excavated with the same device.
19. Method according to Claim 18, characterised in the milling process is conducted without previously separating the region of the surface layer to be loosened from other regions.
20. Method according to Claim 18, characterised in that the surface layer is crushed and preferably granulated during milling, and that it is loaded and removed, as required.
21. Method according to Claim 18, characterised in that a device according to one of Claims 1 to 16 is used for milling the surface layer and removing the crushed material.
22. Method according to Claim 18, characterised in that after milling and removing the surface layer, at least in one section of the area, the earth lying below this is excavated with the device.
23. Method according to Claim 18, characterised in that the material obtained during milling and crushing the surface layer is gathered separately during removal.
24. Method according to Claim 23, characterised in that the gathered material is used as recycling material and is preferably dug in again.
25. Method according to Claim 18, characterised in that during milling of the surface layer, a milling tool is used, which is loaded by a weight, which preferably weighs more than a tonne.

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