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EP1039495B1 - Procédé pour limitation de courant dans les réseaux basse tension, assemblage y associé et utilisation spéciale de cet assemblage - Google Patents

Procédé pour limitation de courant dans les réseaux basse tension, assemblage y associé et utilisation spéciale de cet assemblage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1039495B1
EP1039495B1 EP20000105562 EP00105562A EP1039495B1 EP 1039495 B1 EP1039495 B1 EP 1039495B1 EP 20000105562 EP20000105562 EP 20000105562 EP 00105562 A EP00105562 A EP 00105562A EP 1039495 B1 EP1039495 B1 EP 1039495B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arrangement
arc
accordance
contact
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP20000105562
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1039495A2 (fr
EP1039495A3 (fr
Inventor
Wilfried Dipl.-Phys. Haas
Werner Dr. Hartmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1039495A2 publication Critical patent/EP1039495A2/fr
Publication of EP1039495A3 publication Critical patent/EP1039495A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1039495B1 publication Critical patent/EP1039495B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/08—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H33/10—Metal parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6646—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having non flat disc-like contact surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for limiting current in low-voltage networks, in which occur in the operating case at the operating currents occurring diffuse arc modes of an arc and in the case of short circuit, the arc is split into successive partial arcs.
  • the invention relates to an arrangement for carrying out the method as well as to specific uses of this arrangement.
  • circuit breakers In low-voltage networks, in addition to the operating currents, short-circuit currents of up to 200 kA eff must be controlled by switching devices and distributors. The switching of such currents with circuit breakers requires considerable technical effort and is associated with selective switches with a drastic reduction in the life of the switching device. When arcing occurs, the high currents can cause major damage to equipment as well as a high risk to people. Therefore, circuit breakers are required which interrupt these currents with as little effort as possible and / or significantly limit them. Also suitable for the same purpose would be components that can afford such a limit regardless of a shutdown, so as to relieve the actual switching element.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose new methods for limiting current, and to provide corresponding arrangements and to specify associated applications.
  • vacuum interrupters are used successfully for current limitation in the low and medium voltage range. Neither the technical or patent literature nor from practice so far current-limiting vacuum interrupters or corresponding arrangements of vacuum switching contacts are known.
  • vacuum interrupters are used with such contact configurations in which a direction of the current in the arc transversal internal magnetic field occurs, the arc is divided by suitable divider plates in partial arcs.
  • the arc can also remain in one piece, wherein in this If the divider plates are used outside the arc wire as arc cooling plates.
  • vacuum interrupters with current-limiting property thus consists of at least two contacts with measures for generating radially directed magnetic fields, of which at least one contact in the direction of the power supply to the other contact is movable, from a vacuum-tight envelope, an insulator and a electrically largely insulated suspended, the main contacts enclosing laminated core for arc distribution.
  • a modified vacuum interrupter can be used in circuit breakers, which thereby additionally receive a current-limiting function and therefore can be used for larger rated currents than is possible with vacuum interrupters of conventional construction.
  • the vacuum interrupters are kept closed in a known manner in the operating state and actively opened when a fault occurs by a suitable drive mechanism.
  • Another advantageous application is given by the ability to use the interrupters as a current-limiting fuse element.
  • the central idea is to keep the interrupter for operating currents closed only by spring force.
  • a short circuit such a high contact-removing current force is generated by the short-term high currents between the contacts that the contacts separate from each other.
  • the springs can then unlatch when a preset release force is exceeded, so that the contacts completely separate from each other by the magnetic forces and the pressure force acting in the arc.
  • the contact arrangement can build up the described current-limiting effect and the current flowing in the distribution network current in comparison to the prospective short-circuit current low current values limit.
  • the passive switching in this case working vacuum interrupter thus has a fuse-like, current-limiting effect and can be used either as a single-working fuse or a suitable design, similar to a circuit breaker, also reset multiple times.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 two contact pins are shown in FIG. 1, via which currents are conducted to contact carriers 3 and 4 with associated contact supports 9.
  • an extinguishing arrangement 5 as it is known in principle from air switches, which consists of individual extinguishing plates 6a to 6j, wherein a peripheral ceramic boundary 7 is present. The latter becomes clear from the plan view according to FIG.
  • Figures 1 and 2 thus show an arrangement which is similar to those used in conventional low-voltage circuit breakers Air switch chambers, with suitable materials for an indicated vacuum interrupter chamber VS are used.
  • This arrangement exhibits good current-limiting behavior at high short-circuit currents.
  • an arc of several 10 kA which burns stationary in the region of the divider plates 6a to 6j may, if appropriate, destroy the divider plates and the outer contact area which is loaded by the arc and therefore do not permit a sufficient service life.
  • the arrangement according to Figures 1 and 2 is not for the actual operational switching of the generally occurring operating currents, i. usually currents of a few 100 A up to a few kA.
  • the arcs occurring in this case arise between the contact pads of the separating pieces that are being separated, they are in intensive mode, but change into the diffuse mode with increasing contact spacing.
  • the projections on the electrodes expand over the entire surface and can thus also burn in undesired switching chamber areas. Such arrangements are therefore to be used only as security elements.
  • 11 and 12 denote two contact pins for conducting current, one of which is designed to be movable via a bellows (not shown).
  • the actual vacuum interrupter is not shown in detail.
  • contact pieces 13 and 14 are present, each having corresponding slots for generating radial or transverse magnetic fields.
  • an assembly 15 is present, which consists in detail of individual divider plates 16a to 16h and associated ceramic or metal parts.
  • the divider plates 16a to 16k are inserted into a ceramic holder 17 at the end and, according to FIG. 4, at least one radial slot 18 is present.
  • the arrangement consists essentially of two switching pieces 13 and 14 and the arrangement 15 with the annular arc divider plates 16a to 16h.
  • the switching pieces 13 and 14 have in their plan similarities with the spiral contacts used in the vacuum switching technology.
  • the magnetic force acting on the intense arc created between the separating contact pads has components that drive the arc toward a revolving race 19.
  • an extension of the arc is achieved by chamfering the contact pieces 13 and 14.
  • the arc will go into the diffuse mode and thereby extend over the entire contact piece surface, if a dependent of the contact piece diameter D limiting current of I G ⁇ 15-25 kA is not exceeded.
  • the arc is maintained in contracted mode, and its voltage requirement during wandering as a result of the extension increases to a few 100 V and thus the current limitation becomes effective.
  • the voltage requirement of a long arc at least for the recurrent unstable arc configurations will be greater than the sum of the voltage requirement of partial arcs that burn between two individual divider plates 16a to 16h or between the raceway 19 and one of the divider plates 16a to 16h.
  • the commutation of the long arc into the area of the divider plates and its division occurs within a few ⁇ s.
  • the burning voltage and the associated current limit is only slightly reduced. Only when the instantaneous current falls below the limit value I G before zero current, does the arc withdraw from the splitter plate region and change to the diffuse mode. It spreads over the contact surface and the arc voltage decreases with decreasing current.
  • the running direction of the contracted arcs between each two of the divider plates 16a to 16h is determined by the local magnetic field, which depends on the current flow in the contact pieces or races and the divider plates.
  • the directions of individual partial arcs can therefore be different for the individual arcs, as shown in FIG. 7 for a section of the divider plates and races.
  • the main body of the contact pieces should be made of oxygen-free copper (Cu) or the material of the contact pads such as As chrome-copper (CrCu) or tungsten-copper (Wcu) exist. From the literature, numerous investigations are known, according to which these materials are suitable for their running and Neuzünd s for vacuum switch contacts.
  • the switching pieces are preferably formed as spiral contacts and have 3-6, preferably 4 slots, which may be designed according to Appendix 4 or one of the in the application 19624920.1 v. 21. 06. 1996 have described forms.
  • the running range of the arc in the outer region of the spiral vanes can, as shown by way of example in Appendix 2, also formed by an additionally applied raceway of a erosion resistant contact material such as chromium-copper (CrCu), tungsten-copper (WCu) or tungsten carbide-copper (WCCu) become.
  • CrCu chromium-copper
  • WCu tungsten-copper
  • WCu tungsten carbide-copper
  • Other possible contact geometries with radial magnetic fields, such as, for example, the so-called pot contact (English: contrate contact) or the so-called "windmill wing contact” are also suitable with appropriate modification.
  • the divider plates should be provided with at least one slot in the radial direction.
  • the width b of the divider plates should be about b ⁇ 0.1 - 0.3 * D, where D is the outer diameter of the contacts.
  • the width a of the races is usefully not greater than that of the divider plates; but it must be wider than the largest possible base diameter. It is therefore chosen to be a ⁇ 0.5 - 1.0 * b.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6, 21 and 22 represent two contact pins for current guidance, one of which is designed to be movable via a bellows (not shown).
  • the actual vacuum interrupter VS is again indicated only.
  • pot contact pieces 23 and 24 available, as they are already known from the prior art. Such slotted pot contacts can, if two symmetrically opposed pot contact pieces 23 and 24 have mutually inclined slots produce a transversely with respect to the current direction in the arc magnetic field, so that such contact pieces are also referred to as radial field contacts.
  • On the actual pot contacts 23 and 24 are applied to the actual contact rings 29 of contact material.
  • the rings 29 have according to the arrangement of Figure 3 has a specific shape.
  • each individual contact piece consists in particular of a contact body 30 in which straight slots 31 are made at a predetermined pitch.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates how the division of the arc can take place in particular between the individual divider plates 6a to 6j from FIG. 1 or 16a to 16h from FIG. 3 or 26a to 26h from FIG.
  • the desired effect of limiting the current in vacuum is achieved.
  • FIG. 8 shows possible geometries of the actual contact plate based on four examples I to IV, as are also known from the prior art.
  • Example I the so-called spiral contacts in which spiral-shaped slots 101 to 104 are present in a contact plate 100 and in the middle a circular recess 105 in the contact plate 100 is present.
  • Such a contact geometry ensures a radial circulation of the arc.
  • Examples III and IV are in the contact plates 300 and 400 with concentric grooves 305 and 405 also straight slits 301 to 304 and 401 to 404 available, which are bent at right angles in Example III and provided in Example IV with circular recess 205 are. Such slots can also be relatively easily introduced into existing contact plates.
  • FIGS. 3/4 and 5/6 is provided essentially for the operational switching of high currents with current limitation
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 is present essentially only as current limiting or monitoring element, with which no Reversible work is possible.
  • the contact pieces in the interrupter for the operating currents can be closed by spring force, wherein upon contact of a short circuit, a contact-removing current force is generated, which separate the contacts from each other. It is also possible for such a case, upon the occurrence of a short circuit by the current force to release a Verklinkungsmechanismus and separate the contact pieces by spring force, pneumatically or hydraulically.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Claims (23)

  1. Procédé de limitation du courant dans des réseaux en basse tension, dans lequel, dans le cas de fonctionnement pour les courants de fonctionnement qui apparaissent, des modes diffus d'un arc électrique se produisent et dans lequel, dans le cas d'un court-circuit, l'arc électrique est subdivisé en des sous-arcs électriques, les uns derrière les autres, caractérisé par l'utilisation de tubes interrupteurs à vide.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise au moins un tube interrupteur à vide ayant au moins un contact de champ radial, dans lequel les contacts d'interruption produisent un champ magnétique s'étendant perpendiculairement à la direction du courant dans l'arc électrique et il est provoqué un arc électrique tournant, l'arc électrique tournant étant subdivisé par le champ magnétique et par au moins une plaque de division de l'arc électrique, tout en conservant la rotation, en une série de sous-arcs électriques tournant rapidement et disposés les uns derrière les autres (figure 3/4, figure 5/6).
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise un contact de champ radial, d'une part, et un contact à plaque en biais, d'autre part.
  4. Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise au moins un tube interrupteur à vide dans au moins un contact de champ radial, dans lequel les contacts de l'interrupteur produisent un champ magnétique s'étendant perpendiculairement à la direction du courant dans l'arc électrique et il est provoqué un arc électrique tournant, l'arc électrique reste d'un seul tenant et on utilise les plaques de séparation à l'extérieur du trajet de l'arc électrique comme plaques de refroidissement de l'arc électrique (figure 3/4, figure 5/6).
  5. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise au moins un tube interrupteur à vide ayant un champ magnétique transversal et en ce que l'on utilise un arc électrique passant en ligne droite dans un dispositif de contact qui n'est pas de révolution, l'arc électrique étant subdivisé par le champ magnétique et par au moins une plaque de division de l'arc électrique, tout en conservant le mouvement, en une série de sous-arcs électriques disposés les uns derrière les autres (figure 1/2).
  6. Procédé suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise au moins un tube interrupteur à vide ayant un champ magnétique transversal et en ce que l'on utilise un arc électrique passant en ligne droite dans un dispositif de contact qui n'est pas de révolution, l'arc électrique restant d'un seul tenant et les plaques de division étant utilisées à l'extérieur du trajet de l'arc électrique comme plaques de refroidissement de l'arc électrique (figure 1/2).
  7. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise pour le dispositif de contact et la plaque de division de l'arc électrique des matériaux d'interrupteur à vide appropriés et, notamment, exempts d'oxygène.
  8. Dispositif de limitation du courant dans des réseaux à basse tension en utilisant le procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou l'une des revendications 2 à 7, caractérisé par au moins un tube (VS) interrupteur à vide ayant deux pièces (13, 14 ; 23, 24) d'interrupteur et par des plaques (16a à 16k, 26a à 26k) de division de l'anneau électrique qui sont en forme d'anneau de cercle et qui sont disposées au moins en partie entre les pièces (13, 14 ; 23, 24) de contact.
  9. Dispositif suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les pièces (13, 14) de contact ont dans leur vue en projection sur un plan horizontal la forme de contacts (100) en spirale.
  10. Dispositif suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les contacts (100) en spirale ont trois à six et, de préférence, quatre fentes (101 à 104).
  11. Dispositif suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les pièces (13, 14 ; 23, 24) de contact sont de biais dans les zones qui suivent dans la direction radiale vers l'extérieur la zone donnant le contact proprement dit.
  12. Dispositif suivant la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le biais des pièces (13, 14 ; 23, 24) de contact a un angle (Ψ) d'inclinaison avec la surface de contact de 15° > Ψ ≤ 45°, de préférence Ψ = 30°.
  13. Dispositif suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins la surface de contact des pièces (13, 14 ; 23, 24) de contact est en un matériau de contact résistant à l'usure, de préférence en chrome-cuivre (CrCu), en tungstène-cuivre (WCu), ou en carbure de tungstène-cuivre (WCCu).
  14. Dispositif suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les plaques (16a à 16k, 26a à 26k) de division sont en cuivre (Cu) exempt d'oxygène ou en chrome-cuivre (CrCu).
  15. Dispositif suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les plaques (16a à 16k, 26a à 26k) de division sont en acier fin, notamment en acier fin magnétique.
  16. Dispositif suivant la revendication 14 ou la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les plaques (16a à 16k, 26a à 26k) de division ont au moins une forme (17, 27) en direction radiale.
  17. Dispositif suivant la revendication 14 ou la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que la largeur (b) des plaques (16a à 16k, 26a à 26k) de division a une dimension telle que 0,1 D ≥ b ≤ 0,3 D, D étant le diamètre extérieur des contacts (13, 14 ; 23, 24).
  18. Dispositif suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il est formé par la surface de contact des pièces (13, 14 ; 23, 24) de contact des anneaux (19, 29) mobiles qui ont une largeur (a) plus petite que la largeur (b) des plaques (16a à 16k, 26a à 26k) de division.
  19. Dispositif suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la largeur (a) des anneaux mobiles correspond à la dimension 0,5 b ≤ a ≤ 1,0 b.
  20. Dispositif suivant la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que l'anneau (9, 19, 29) mobile est en un matériau autre que celui de la pièce (3, 4 ; 13, 14 ; 23, 24) de contact.
  21. Dispositif suivant la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que les pièces (3, 4 ; 13, 14 ; 23, 24) de contact sont en cuivre (Cu) exempt d'oxygène ou en cuivre-chrome (CuCr).
  22. Utilisation d'un dispositif suivant la revendication 8 ou l'une des revendications 9 à 20, comme élément de sécurité limitant le courant, les pièces (3, 4, 13, 14 ; 23, 24) de contact étant fermées dans le tube (VS) commutateur pour des courants de fonctionnement par une force de ressort et il est produit, lorsque survient un court-circuit, une force due au courant qui soulève le contact et les pièces (13, 14 ; 23, 24) de contact sont ainsi séparées l'une de l'autre.
  23. Utilisation d'un dispositif suivant la revendication 8 ou l'une des revendications 8 à 21, comme élément de sécurité limitant le courant, les pièces (3, 4, 13, 14 ; 23, 24) de contact étant fermées dans le tube (VS) à vide pour des courants de fonctionnement par une force de ressort et, lorsque survient un court-circuit, il est déclenché par la force du courant un mécanisme d'encliquetage et les pièces (13, 14 ; 23, 24) de contact sont séparées l'une de l'autre par une force élastique, pneumatiquement ou hydrauliquement.
EP20000105562 1999-03-23 2000-03-16 Procédé pour limitation de courant dans les réseaux basse tension, assemblage y associé et utilisation spéciale de cet assemblage Expired - Lifetime EP1039495B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19913236 1999-03-23
DE1999113236 DE19913236C2 (de) 1999-03-23 1999-03-23 Verfahren zur Strombegrenzung in Niederspannungsnetzen und zugehörige Anordnung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1039495A2 EP1039495A2 (fr) 2000-09-27
EP1039495A3 EP1039495A3 (fr) 2001-08-08
EP1039495B1 true EP1039495B1 (fr) 2006-05-24

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DE (2) DE19913236C2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10361398B3 (de) * 2003-12-29 2005-09-29 Siemens Ag Anordnung zur Strombegrenzung
EP2434513B1 (fr) * 2010-09-24 2019-04-17 ABB Schweiz AG Interrupteur sous vide pour agencement de disjoncteur
EP2434514A1 (fr) * 2010-09-24 2012-03-28 ABB Technology AG Interrupteur sous vide pour agencement de disjoncteur
KR101085286B1 (ko) † 2010-10-18 2011-11-22 엘에스산전 주식회사 진공 인터럽터의 접점
DE112013006070A5 (de) * 2012-12-19 2015-08-27 Jochen Kuckuck Kontaktsystem zur Lichtbogenkontraktionskompensation bei Leistungsschaltern
GB201617458D0 (en) 2016-10-14 2016-11-30 Vacuum Interrupters Ltd Improvements in or relating to vacuum interrupters
CN111816500B (zh) * 2020-09-10 2020-12-15 广东电网有限责任公司东莞供电局 一种真空断路器的灭弧装置

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3769538A (en) * 1972-03-20 1973-10-30 Gen Electric Vacuum arc devices with ferrous electrodes
CH554595A (de) * 1973-09-03 1974-09-30 Sprecher & Schuh Ag Kontaktanordnung eines vakuumschalters mit lichtbogenelektroden.
US3997748A (en) * 1975-06-23 1976-12-14 General Electric Company Vacuum interrupter with primary electrode surrounded by high dielectric strength shield
DE3533890A1 (de) * 1985-09-23 1987-04-02 Siemens Ag Vakuumschaltroehre fuer schuetzanwendung
DE3539673A1 (de) * 1985-11-06 1987-05-07 Siemens Ag Kontaktanordnung fuer niederspannungs-leistungsschalter mit hauptkontakten und abbrennkontakten
US5142110A (en) * 1991-01-23 1992-08-25 Kuehne Edward J Modified magne-blast circuit breaker and method of modification
EP0740321A3 (fr) * 1995-04-26 1998-04-22 Hitachi, Ltd. Electrode pour disjoncteur sous vide
DE19809828C1 (de) * 1998-02-27 1999-07-08 Eckehard Dr Ing Gebauer Vakuumleistungsschalter für Niederspannung

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Publication number Publication date
DE19913236A1 (de) 2000-10-12
DE19913236C2 (de) 2001-02-22
EP1039495A2 (fr) 2000-09-27
EP1039495A3 (fr) 2001-08-08
DE50012798D1 (de) 2006-06-29

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