EP1039006A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von perforierten Vliesstoffen mittels hydrodynamischer Vernadelung - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von perforierten Vliesstoffen mittels hydrodynamischer Vernadelung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1039006A1 EP1039006A1 EP00105761A EP00105761A EP1039006A1 EP 1039006 A1 EP1039006 A1 EP 1039006A1 EP 00105761 A EP00105761 A EP 00105761A EP 00105761 A EP00105761 A EP 00105761A EP 1039006 A1 EP1039006 A1 EP 1039006A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fleece
- holes
- flames
- drum
- singeing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C9/00—Singeing
- D06C9/02—Singeing by flame
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
- B26F1/26—Perforating by non-mechanical means, e.g. by fluid jet
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
- D04H1/495—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet for formation of patterns, e.g. drilling or rearrangement
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H18/00—Needling machines
- D04H18/04—Needling machines with water jets
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the continuous production of a Holed fleece by the non-perforated nonwoven one is subjected to hydrodynamic needling, in which the holes are displaced of fibers are produced, and then the fleece is at least partially Is subjected to drying.
- Hole patterns can be produced according to US-A-37 50 237. Then the pre-made, fleece held between two endless webs radially from the outside with hard Water jets are applied to produce a perforated structure.
- the device consists of an evenly perforated drum, all around by an endless sieve is covered.
- the endless sieve has open and closed areas, depending on the desired hole structure.
- the disadvantage of this type of production of the holes is The fact that there are no holes with sharply defined edges can be produced, and in addition individual nonwoven fibers in the manufacture of Holes are pushed towards the drum by the hard water jets.
- Clearly delimited holes are retrofitted into a pre-made, uniform fleece with the production method according to EP-A-0 215 684, 0 223 614 or 0 273 454 can be introduced.
- a perforating drum made of a smooth sheet with drainage openings formed on the between the openings evenly across the area distributed plastic elevations are arranged.
- the plastic elevations can consist of beads open on one side, so that at the same time the drainage openings are formed, or even better from tapering to the top, evenly distributed thorns, between which holes in the drainage openings Sheet are arranged.
- the water jets hit the fleece Radial from the outside.
- the drum is made of a metal sheet manufactured on which the mandrels or other plastic elevation only screwed see also US-A-3,034,180.
- the invention has for its object a method and an implementation this method to find advantageous device with which ultimately this clean hole edge structure on holes in a water-needled fleece can be achieved.
- a device of the type according to the invention is shown as an example in the drawing.
- the figure shows in cross section several devices of a plant for Water needling of a fleece for the production of holes, with a Drying device and with a scorching device at the end of the system,
- the drum 1 consists of a drum wall 5, which is thin and unstable is trained.
- This drum wall 5 has (according to the above in enlargement cross section shown) on the outside a variety of plastic elevations, like mandrels 6 on.
- the mandrels 6 are surrounded by drainage openings 7.
- a such an unstable envelope with a working width of any length is then stable Sieve drum 11 drawn up, but previously on a coarser screen fabric 12 Distance generation between wall 5 and screen drum 11 is applied.
- In order to the labile wall 5 is solid and immovable all around and also in the radial direction held.
- the screen drum 11 is used to extract the sprayed on Water under suction, for which purpose a suction pipe 8 inside the drum 1 is arranged centrally, the suction slots 10 extending to the screening drum 1 which, in turn, the water bars 3 are assigned.
- the fleece 2 'provided with holes on this drum 1 then runs a drying device, for which purpose a ventilation device in the drawing 13 is shown with a screen drum 14 under suction 16. Not in that the area around which the fleece 2 'is wound is the screening drum 14 against the suction draft 16 covered by an inner plate 15.
- the perforated fleece should be scorched in the holes.
- a scorching device is shown purely schematically. it consists of a beam 17 extending over the working width, with the flame 18 can be directed against the fleece.
- Drum 19 there is a on the scorching device Drum 19 shown, initially for cooling, but also for transporting the Fleece should provide.
- the flames 18 can be directed onto the drum 19, or better in the area in front of the drum 19 on the fleece, so in the not guided Area of the fleece the flames can penetrate better through the holes.
- the cooling and transport drum 19 can also have a counter drum 21 be assigned, which are also cooled for cooling the other side of the fleece can.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
- Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Herstellen eines mit Löchern versehenen Vlieses, indem das ungelochte Nonwoven einer hydrodynamischer Vernadelung unterworfen wird, bei der die Löcher durch Verdrängen von Fasern hergestellt werden, und anschließend das Vlies einer zumindest teilweisen Trocknung unterworfen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das mit Löchern versehene Vlies Sengflammen ausgesetzt wird zur Zerstörung von evtl. über den Querschnitt der Löcher noch vorhandenen, quer gespannten Einzelfasern.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vlies unmittelbar nach dem Sengen gekühlt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlung beidseitig vorgenommen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 ― 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flammstärke in ihrer Intensität so gesteuert wird, daß sie allein ausreicht, um nur über den Querschnitt der Löcher gespannte Einzelfasern zu schmelzen, zu zertrennen.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flammstärke vom Vliesgewicht abhängig gemacht wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flammstärke vom Abstand der Flammen zur Oberfläche des Vlieses abhängig gemacht wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 ― 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der der Sengeinrichtung gegenüberliegenden Seite des Vlieses ein Saugzug auf die Flammen und damit durch die Löcher einwirkt.
- Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 ― 7 mit einer Wasserstrahl-Vernadelungsvorrichtung (1-12) zur Herstellung von Löchern in ein Nonwoven (2) durch Verdrängen der Fasern in die Seitenbereiche der jeweiligen Löcher und einer Trocknungsvorrichtung (13) zum zumindest teilweisen Trocknen des durch die Wasserstrahlbehandlung nassen Vlieses (2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anlage ergänzt ist durch eine sich über die Arbeitsbreite des Vlieses (2') erstreckende Sengvorrichtung (17, 18), deren offene Flammen (18) unmittelbar gegen das Vlies (2') gerichtet sind.
- Vorrichtung zum Sengen eines Lochvlieses nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Balken (17) mit den offenen Flammen (18) eine Trommel (20) zugeordnet ist, die auch für den Transport des Vlieses vorgesehen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trommel (20) gekühlt ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Trommel (20) eine weitere Kühlwalze (21) zugeordnet ist, zwischen denen das Vlies (2') zur beidseitigen Kühlung bewegt ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 ― 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sengbalken (17) unmittelbar vor der Kühlwalze (20) dem nicht unterstützten Vlies (2') zugeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 ― 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sengeinrichtung (17, 18) auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Vlieses (2') eine Einrichtung (20) zur Erzielung eines Saugzuges (Pfeil) zugeordnet ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19912905 | 1999-03-22 | ||
| DE19912905A DE19912905A1 (de) | 1999-03-22 | 1999-03-22 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von perforierten Vliesstoffen mittels hydrodynamischer Vernadelung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1039006A1 true EP1039006A1 (de) | 2000-09-27 |
Family
ID=7901967
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00105761A Withdrawn EP1039006A1 (de) | 1999-03-22 | 2000-03-17 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von perforierten Vliesstoffen mittels hydrodynamischer Vernadelung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6338187B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1039006A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2000303347A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE19912905A1 (de) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001079598A3 (de) * | 2000-04-17 | 2002-03-21 | Gerold Fleissner | Absaugeinrichtung an einer textilmaschine wie insbesondere wasservernadelungseinrichtung |
| WO2002055779A3 (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2003-04-17 | Kimberly Clark Co | Hydraulically apertured nonwoven webs and method of making same |
| WO2003035955A3 (de) * | 2001-10-25 | 2003-12-24 | Fleissner Maschf Gmbh Co | Verfahren zur farblosen, plastischen musterung und verfestigung einer warenbahn und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
| CN108517678A (zh) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-09-11 | 宁波雯泽纺织品有限公司 | 纺织品用切割装置 |
| CN115074984A (zh) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-09-20 | 湖北鱼鹤制衣有限公司 | 一种布料裁剪装置 |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10111868A1 (de) * | 2001-03-13 | 2002-10-02 | Johns Manville Europe Gmbh | Schichtstoff mit verbesserten Eigenschaften |
| US6381817B1 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2002-05-07 | Polymer Group, Inc. | Composite nonwoven fabric |
| DE10132563A1 (de) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-01-30 | Fleissner Maschf Gmbh Co | Verfahren zur farblosen Musterung einer Warenbahn und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| FR2834725B1 (fr) * | 2002-01-15 | 2004-06-11 | Rieter Perfojet | Machine de production d'un produit textile a motifs et produit non tisse ainsi obtenu |
| US7037100B2 (en) | 2002-10-09 | 2006-05-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Apparatus for flame-perforating films and methods of flame-perforating films |
| US20040116031A1 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-06-17 | Brennan Jonathan Paul | Process and apparatus for preparing a molded, textured, spunlaced, nonwoven web |
| FR2861751B1 (fr) * | 2003-10-31 | 2006-01-06 | Rieter Perfojet | Machine de production de nontisses de plusieurs qualites. |
| DE102004030918A1 (de) * | 2003-12-18 | 2005-07-21 | Fleissner Gmbh | Absaugvorrichtung für Flüssigkeiten insbesondere an Maschinen zur hydrodynamischen Vernadelung |
| DE102004049146A1 (de) * | 2004-10-07 | 2006-04-13 | Fleissner Gmbh | Wasservernadelungsvorrichtung |
| DE102005045224B3 (de) * | 2005-09-22 | 2006-12-07 | Fleissner Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Wasserstrahlbehandlung einer Warenbahn |
| DE102006033071A1 (de) * | 2006-07-14 | 2008-01-17 | Fleissner Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Textilien, Vliesstoffen, Spinnvliesen, Papierwerkstoffen |
| KR20100033209A (ko) * | 2008-09-19 | 2010-03-29 | 유한킴벌리 주식회사 | 물리적 또는 열적 변형 없이 천공된 부직포를 제조하는 방법 및 그 부직포를 구비하는 흡수제품 |
| ES2668095T3 (es) * | 2010-11-22 | 2018-05-16 | Kao Corporation | Hoja voluminosa y método de producción de la misma |
| US9474660B2 (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2016-10-25 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article with a fluid-entangled body facing material including a plurality of hollow projections |
| CN103850217A (zh) * | 2012-12-07 | 2014-06-11 | 宜兴市杰高非织造布有限公司 | 一种高强聚丙烯土工布 |
| CN103256597A (zh) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-08-21 | 新乡市新诚纺织有限公司 | 一种用于纱线生产的内环式金属纤维红外辐射燃烧器 |
| JP5748806B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-22 | 2015-07-15 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | 液体適用装置及び液体適用方法 |
| JP5748807B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-22 | 2015-07-15 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | 液体適用装置及び液体適用方法 |
| CN104328644A (zh) * | 2014-10-25 | 2015-02-04 | 江苏六鑫洁净新材料有限公司 | 一种非织造布在线分切设备 |
| CN107261642A (zh) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-10-20 | 江苏明晶布业股份有限公司 | 一种抗酸滤布的生产装置及方法 |
| US12138143B2 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2024-11-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Three-dimensional nonwoven materials and methods of manufacturing thereof |
| CN109612874A (zh) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-04-12 | 广东溢达纺织有限公司 | 纺织品表面毛量的测定方法 |
| DE202019100745U1 (de) * | 2019-02-08 | 2020-05-11 | Autefa Solutions Germany Gmbh | Trocknungseinrichtung |
| CN112030438B (zh) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-11-15 | 张家港市康盛织染有限公司 | 一种布料印染生产线 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3134158A (en) * | 1962-03-27 | 1964-05-26 | Ind Heat Engineering Company | Singeing machine for synthetic fabrics |
| US4125921A (en) * | 1977-06-03 | 1978-11-21 | Wakayama Iron Works, Ltd. | Apparatus for gas-singeing knitted fabrics |
| FR2475460A1 (fr) * | 1980-02-13 | 1981-08-14 | Rhone Poulenc Textile | Elements habilles, prefabriques, de construction et leurs procedes de fabrication |
| GB2322642A (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 1998-09-02 | Courtaulds Fibres | Lyocell fabric treatment |
| DE19819641A1 (de) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-01-07 | Christian Schiel | Papiermaschinenfilz mit stark zweiseitiger Struktur |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US373857A (en) * | 1887-11-29 | deown | ||
| NL114076C (de) * | 1954-06-16 | |||
| US3014263A (en) * | 1958-03-24 | 1961-12-26 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Manufacture of nonwoven fabrics |
| CA645085A (en) * | 1959-06-25 | 1962-07-17 | Nottebohm Carl-Ludwig | Method of making perforated, textile-like non-woven sheet structures |
| US3096557A (en) * | 1961-01-03 | 1963-07-09 | Du Pont | Process for hot-wet calendering fabrics |
| US3395430A (en) * | 1966-03-07 | 1968-08-06 | Ernst Turner & Co Salford Ltd | Apparatus for flame singeing of textiles |
| US3681184A (en) * | 1970-03-24 | 1972-08-01 | Johnson & Johnson | Nonwoven fabrics comprising bamboo,diamond and the like patterns |
| US3800364A (en) * | 1970-03-24 | 1974-04-02 | Johnson & Johnson | Apparatus (discontinuous imperforate portions on backing means of closed sandwich) |
| GB1358479A (en) * | 1973-01-24 | 1974-07-03 | Turner Parex Ltd Ernest | Fabric singeing apparatus |
| US3874958A (en) * | 1973-07-23 | 1975-04-01 | Plauener Spritze Veb | Method of making burned-out fabric |
| JPH0663165B2 (ja) * | 1985-11-20 | 1994-08-17 | ユニ・チヤ−ム株式会社 | 不織布の製造方法および装置 |
| EP0215684B1 (de) * | 1985-09-20 | 1992-05-13 | Uni-Charm Corporation | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von durchbrochenen Vliesstoffen |
| US5737813A (en) * | 1988-04-14 | 1998-04-14 | International Paper Company | Method and apparatus for striped patterning of dyed fabric by hydrojet treatment |
| US5632072A (en) * | 1988-04-14 | 1997-05-27 | International Paper Company | Method for hydropatterning napped fabric |
| US5098764A (en) * | 1990-03-12 | 1992-03-24 | Chicopee | Non-woven fabric and method and apparatus for making the same |
| JP3366849B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-26 | 2003-01-14 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | 開孔不織布の製造方法 |
-
1999
- 1999-03-22 DE DE19912905A patent/DE19912905A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-03-17 US US09/528,179 patent/US6338187B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-03-17 EP EP00105761A patent/EP1039006A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-03-21 JP JP2000078479A patent/JP2000303347A/ja active Pending
-
2001
- 2001-12-20 US US10/022,379 patent/US6405416B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3134158A (en) * | 1962-03-27 | 1964-05-26 | Ind Heat Engineering Company | Singeing machine for synthetic fabrics |
| US4125921A (en) * | 1977-06-03 | 1978-11-21 | Wakayama Iron Works, Ltd. | Apparatus for gas-singeing knitted fabrics |
| FR2475460A1 (fr) * | 1980-02-13 | 1981-08-14 | Rhone Poulenc Textile | Elements habilles, prefabriques, de construction et leurs procedes de fabrication |
| GB2322642A (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 1998-09-02 | Courtaulds Fibres | Lyocell fabric treatment |
| DE19819641A1 (de) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-01-07 | Christian Schiel | Papiermaschinenfilz mit stark zweiseitiger Struktur |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001079598A3 (de) * | 2000-04-17 | 2002-03-21 | Gerold Fleissner | Absaugeinrichtung an einer textilmaschine wie insbesondere wasservernadelungseinrichtung |
| WO2002055779A3 (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2003-04-17 | Kimberly Clark Co | Hydraulically apertured nonwoven webs and method of making same |
| GB2386132A (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2003-09-10 | Kimberly Clark Co | Hydraulically arranged nonwoven webs and method of making same |
| US6736916B2 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2004-05-18 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Hydraulically arranged nonwoven webs and method of making same |
| GB2386132B (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2004-08-18 | Kimberly Clark Co | Process of forming a high loft web with apertures using a hydraulic arrangement |
| WO2003035955A3 (de) * | 2001-10-25 | 2003-12-24 | Fleissner Maschf Gmbh Co | Verfahren zur farblosen, plastischen musterung und verfestigung einer warenbahn und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
| CN108517678A (zh) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-09-11 | 宁波雯泽纺织品有限公司 | 纺织品用切割装置 |
| CN115074984A (zh) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-09-20 | 湖北鱼鹤制衣有限公司 | 一种布料裁剪装置 |
| CN115074984B (zh) * | 2022-07-07 | 2023-11-14 | 湖北鱼鹤制衣有限公司 | 一种布料裁剪装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2000303347A (ja) | 2000-10-31 |
| US6338187B1 (en) | 2002-01-15 |
| DE19912905A1 (de) | 2000-09-28 |
| US20020046449A1 (en) | 2002-04-25 |
| US6405416B1 (en) | 2002-06-18 |
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