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EP1017034B1 - Dispositif de détection de fumée selon le principe d'extinction et procédé de compensation de la dérive de température - Google Patents

Dispositif de détection de fumée selon le principe d'extinction et procédé de compensation de la dérive de température Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1017034B1
EP1017034B1 EP99117502A EP99117502A EP1017034B1 EP 1017034 B1 EP1017034 B1 EP 1017034B1 EP 99117502 A EP99117502 A EP 99117502A EP 99117502 A EP99117502 A EP 99117502A EP 1017034 B1 EP1017034 B1 EP 1017034B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light source
smoke detector
detector according
temperature drift
measurement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99117502A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1017034A2 (fr
EP1017034A3 (fr
Inventor
Peter Kunz
Kurt Dr. Müller
Dieter Wieser
Markus Dr. Loepfe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Building Technologies AG
Original Assignee
Siemens Building Technologies AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP98117368A external-priority patent/EP0987663A1/fr
Application filed by Siemens Building Technologies AG filed Critical Siemens Building Technologies AG
Priority to EP99117502A priority Critical patent/EP1017034B1/fr
Publication of EP1017034A2 publication Critical patent/EP1017034A2/fr
Publication of EP1017034A3 publication Critical patent/EP1017034A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1017034B1 publication Critical patent/EP1017034B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical smoke detector based on the extinction principle, with an optical bridge, which is a light source, a measuring and a reference path and has a measuring and a reference receiver, and with an evaluation circuit.
  • the absorbance measurement method uses a beam of light through the ambient air and therefore any measuring section accessible to smoke and through the section not accessible to the smoke Reference route is sent and the two received signals are together compared. Because both the light scattering on the smoke particles and the absorption by this contributes to the extinction and the light is scattered by light particles and dark particles is absorbed, the absorbance measurement method has a relatively uniform sensitivity on different smoke particles and is therefore for the detection of smoldering fires (light particles) and from open fires (dark particles) are equally suitable.
  • This temperature dependency is due to the fact that the optical elements provided in the optical bridge are next to the light source and the receivers, primarily lenses and mirrors, are temperature sensitive.
  • the optical bridge contains that described in EP-A-0 578 189 Transmitted light detector waveguides and lenses and that described in EP-A-0 740 146 Transmitted light detector a plurality of parabolic mirrors made of injection molded plastic.
  • the known point extinction or transmitted light detectors are intended to this effect by the invention be improved that the optical bridge as stable as possible and in particular as possible is less sensitive to temperature.
  • optical bridge next to the Light source and the measuring and the reference receiver as the only optical elements two has perforated screens arranged in front of the light source.
  • a first preferred embodiment of the detector according to the invention is characterized in that that the light source is arranged in a chamber containing an air reservoir.
  • the surface of the chamber is preferably substantially larger than that of the light source.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that because of the large surface of the chamber Smoke particles slowly diffusing into the chamber on the chamber wall and not only be deposited on the light source.
  • a second preferred embodiment of the detector according to the invention is characterized in that that the measuring section has at least one web with a pinhole, which keeps out penetrating, disturbing extraneous light and the radiation of the light source leaves unaffected.
  • a third preferred embodiment of the detector according to the invention is characterized in that that the optical bridge has two end parts and a web connecting them, the measuring section on one side of the web and the reference section on the other side is formed, and that in one end part the chamber with the light source and in the other chambers provided with the measuring receiver or the reference receiver are.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the optical bridge is manufactured in one piece and can be practically integrated into any detector housing.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the detector according to the invention is characterized in that that the part of the optical bridge containing the reference path is on a Plate, preferably on the circuit board containing the evaluation circuit, attached and is laterally sealed by two side walls connecting the end parts and the web.
  • the invention further relates to a method for compensating the temperature drift of the optical Bridge of the smoke detector mentioned.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that that the temperature drift curve by heating the light source and determining the Detector signal is determined at different temperatures.
  • the micro heater in the mounted detector is periodically activated and the current temperature drift curve is measured.
  • the heater is used as part of the Manufacturing process of the detector or activated during a detector revision and the temperature drift curve measured.
  • Another way to measure the temperature drift curve is to turn the detector on Put in a furnace at the end of the manufacturing process and connected to a data bus, and to heat the furnace while measuring the temperature drift curve.
  • a so-called detector insert is shown, which is part of a point extinction or transmitted light detector, which also has a base and a detector hood (not shown).
  • the detector insert is in a known manner for fastening in the base preferably mounted on the ceiling of a room to be monitored.
  • the detector hood covering the detector insert and, if applicable, the base is placed over the detector insert and locked with the base. Based on Fig. 1 located the ceiling with the base above and the dome facing the room to be monitored the detector hood below.
  • the detector insert shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 consists of a base plate as shown 1, the top of an edge web 2 and below a cylindrical wall 3 and one inside the wall 3 has a rectangular recess 4, as well as an evaluation circuit containing circuit board 5 and an optical attached to the circuit board Bridge 6.
  • the circuit board 5 is on the top of the base plate 1, inside the edge web 2, fixed.
  • the optical bridge 6 protrudes from the underside of the circuit board 1 down and is through the recess 4 is inserted.
  • the optical bridge 6 is made of a highly thermally conductive material, preferably aluminum or Die-cast zinc, manufactured and consists of two end parts 7, 7 'and one connecting them Middle web 8.
  • the end part 7 contains a chamber 9 with a light source 10 and the end part 7 ' contains two chambers 11 and 12 with a measuring and a reference receiver 13 and 14 respectively.
  • a measuring section 15 Between the chamber 9 with the light source 10 and the chamber 11 with the measuring receiver 13 is a measuring section 15 and between the chamber 9 with the light source 10 and the chamber 12 with the reference receiver 14, a reference path 16 is formed.
  • At least one web 17 with a perforated diaphragm 18 is arranged in the measuring section 15 Interfering extraneous light penetrating from the side, but that emitted by the light source 18 Leaves usable light unaffected.
  • the chamber 9 has one compared to the light source 10 relatively large surface area, so that smoke particles slowly diffusing into the chamber 9 deposit on the entire wall of the chamber and not only on the light source 10. As a result, the light source 10, if at all, only very slowly through smoke or smoke Dust particles dirty.
  • a web 17 'with a Pinhole 18 ' may be provided.
  • the measuring and reference sections 15 and 16 are designed such that the reference section 16 not accessible to smoke entering the detector from outside and in relation to it shielded and the measuring section 15 is freely accessible for such smoke.
  • the shield the reference section 16 is through the central web 8, the two end parts 7 and 7 'and through two side walls 23 connecting the end parts 7 and 7 'and the central web 8. can the reference path 16 upwards to the printed circuit board 5 through an over the entire Length and width of the optical bridge 6 extending plate (not shown) may be covered.
  • the light source 10 is by a light, possibly infrared radiation, emitting diode (LED or IRED), which sends light pulses into the measuring section 15 and the reference section 16.
  • LED or IRED emitting diode
  • the measuring and reference sections 15 and 16 contain the light source 10 and the receiver 13, 14 as the only optical elements two in the beam path perforated diaphragms L, L 'of approximately 1 to 2 mm in diameter arranged after the light source 10. There is a temperature dependence of the diameter or the position of these pinholes difficult to imagine and would have no impact on the accuracy or stability of the detector.
  • the measuring receiver 13 and the reference receiver 14 are identical photodiodes, which are due to a corresponding design of the measuring and reference sections 15 and 16, respectively receive the same amount of radiation from the light source 10. So that's through the radiation the light source 10 in the two receivers 13 and 14 triggered photo streams of the same size and the difference between these two photo streams remains zero until the optical properties the measuring section 15 by external influences, for example by penetrating smoke particles, to be changed. Then the difference between the photocurrents is no longer zero but increases proportionally for cloudiness or extinction.
  • the light source 10 is arranged on a plate-shaped carrier 19, which on the End face of the optical bridge 6 having chamber 9 is screwed on and the chamber 9 seals dust-tight.
  • the corresponding electrical connections are from the carrier 19 Printed circuit board 5.
  • the two receivers 13 and 14 are on a common plate-shaped Carrier 20 arranged on the end face containing the chambers 11 and 12 of the optical bridge 6 is screwed on. From the carrier 20 are the corresponding electrical Connections to the circuit board 5 out.
  • On the underside of the base plate 1 is a cup-shaped, fine-meshed grid or network 21 (Fig. 1) inserted, which the optical bridge 6 against protects against the penetration of insects or larger smoke or dirt particles.
  • Another potential source of interference is external light entering the measuring section 15 from the outside. This is through the aperture 18, the cylindrical wall 3 and through blocked from this wall radially inward, against the optical bridge 6, protruding shutters 22.
  • the optical bridge 6 has two potential problem points, which are essentially by the temperature dependence of the sensitivity of the photodiodes 13 and 14 and due to the temperature dependence of the emission of the LED forming the light source 10 are.
  • the temperature dependence of the sensitivity of the photodiodes is approximately 100 to 1000 ppm / ° C and that of the emission of the LED 10 about 4000 to 8000 ppm / ° C. Even if for the two photodiodes 13 and 14, a pair of adjacent ones on the silicon wafer Photodiode chips are used, the temperature coefficient cannot be excluded the sensitivity of the two photodiodes 13 and 14 are different, so that an optical bridge 6 aligned at room temperature at from room temperature deviating temperatures would be out of balance.
  • the temperature coefficient weak or slightly dependent on the emission direction. This also applies to bare LED chips, without bond wire across the chip, without epoxy covering and without Press glass lid.
  • the reason for this dependence of the temperature coefficient of the emission lies in the temperature-dependent refractive index of the chip material, such as gallium arsenide, whose refractive index increases by about 0.23% between 20 ° and 50 ° C.
  • the Light emerging from the chip is broken away from the plumb line as the temperature rises and the lobe of light, which is never completely vertical on the chip, widens slightly, causing the optical bridge 6 can also get out of balance.
  • the temperature drift of the optical bridge is used to eliminate these possible interferences 6 is measured and the temperature drift curve determined in this way is stored in a non-volatile memory element stored in the evaluation circuit. Then when evaluating the detector signal the temperature drift is computationally compensated.
  • the measurement of the temperature drift can either periodically on the mounted detector in the field or as part of the manufacturing process or also with detector revisions.
  • the temperature drift curve is preferably stored in an EEPROM of the detector.
  • the measurement of the temperature of the optical bridge 6 is carried out by an arranged on the plate 19 NTC resistor (not shown).
  • the outside temperature can also be measured so that the described one Transmitted light detectors can also be used to detect aerosol-free fires.
  • a further NTC resistor is provided in an area of the top of the detector hood that is easily accessible to ambient air, the output signal of which is compared with a temperature limit value, an alarm being triggered if this limit value is exceeded.
  • the design of the detector hood and the arrangement of the NTC resistor for measuring the temperature of the ambient air and the evaluation of its signal are similar to the optical-thermal smoke detector PolyRex of the AlgoRex fire detection system mentioned above .
  • the temperature drift curve as part of the manufacturing process or for detector revisions To be able to measure, the aluminum part carrying the optical bridge 6 with a small Provide heating. This heater is used at the end of the manufacturing process or for detector revisions activated and measurements are made at different temperatures, the results, which represent the temperature drift curve, in the EEPROM of the Be filed.
  • the heater can be, for example, a power transistor, a PTC heating element, a thick film resistor or a thin film resistor on ceramic.
  • the temperature drift curve can also be measured as part of the manufacturing process be that the detector, which in this case does not require any special heating, on Put the end of the manufacturing process in an oven and a suitable temperature cycle from for example 20 ° to 60 ° C and the temperature drift curve in the EEPROM of the Filers.
  • Light source 10 used.
  • An example of such a light source is shown in FIG schematic view with the housing cut open. Contains as shown the LED 10 forming the light source essentially one surrounded by a housing wall 24 Base or base 25 which carries the chip 26 of the LED. Between the chip 26 and a self-regulating PTC heating element 27 is provided in the base 25.
  • the LED 10 has three Connection wires 28, 29 and 30, wherein the connection 28 with the chip 26, the chip 26 bearing upper surface of the PTC heating element 27 with the connection 30 and that on the Base 25 lying on the lower surface of the heating element 27 is bonded to the connection 29.
  • bonding is understood to mean the establishment of electrical connections within of semiconductor elements through thin gold wires.
  • the PTC heating element 27 consists, for example, of doped barium titanate, the contact surfaces are each coated with gold, silver or aluminum.
  • the housing is at the top completed by a glass lid 31. If necessary, can be between the PTC heating element 27 and the base 25 a thermal insulation, for example a glass pane 32, be provided.
  • the heating element 27 is periodically, for example once a day, on different Temperatures heated and the temperature drift curve is measured and in EEPROM of the detector stored. Since it cannot be ruled out that it is in the measurement the temperature drift curve has just burned, is used to compensate for the temperature drift Detector signal always uses the temperature drift curve of the previous day.
  • the PTC heating element 27 instead of the PTC heating element 27, another micro heater can also be used within the housing the LED 26 can be used, for example a transistor chip or a platinum wire heater. Practical investigations have shown that a platinum wire micro heater on the the same temperature drift curve leads as heating the entire light source 10 from the outside. This Method is very attractive because it adapts the detector to the detector life span changing component properties allowed. However, it presupposes that the two photodiodes 13, 14 (Fig. 3) form a matching pair. If not If this is the case, the contribution of the photodiodes to the temperature drift of the detector signal must be corrected one of the two methods described in the manufacture of detectors can be determined.
  • the natural temperature fluctuation can vary between Day and night are used to measure the slope of the temperature drift in the corresponding Check section and adjust the temperature drift curve if necessary and in To issue an emergency notification in the event of deviations that are too large.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Détecteur optique de fumées utilisant le principe de l'extinction, comportant un pont optique (6), qui comprend une source lumineuse (10), une section de mesure et une section de référence (respectivement 15 et 16) et un récepteur de mesure et un récepteur de référence (respectivement 13 et 14), et comportant un circuit d'évaluation, caractérisé en ce que le pont optique (6) comprend, outre la source lumineuse (10) et le récepteur de mesure et le récepteur de référence (respectivement 13 et 14), en tant qu'éléments optiques uniques, deux diaphragmes (L, L') disposés devant la source lumineuse (10).
  2. Détecteur de fumées selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la source lumineuse (10) est disposée dans une chambre (9) contenant un réservoir d'air.
  3. Détecteur de fumées selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'aire de la chambre (9) est nettement plus grande que celle de la source lumineuse (10).
  4. Détecteur de fumées selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la section de mesure (15) comporte au moins une traverse (17) munie d'un diaphragme (18), lequel empêche qu'une lumière parasite ne pénètre latéralement, et qui laisse intact le rayonnement de la source lumineuse (10).
  5. Détecteur de fumées selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le pont optique (6) comporte deux éléments d'extrémité (7, 7') et une entretoise (8) qui les relie, la section de mesure (15) étant formée sur l'un des côtés de l'entretoise (8), et la section de référence (16) étant formée sur l'autre côté, et en ce que la chambre (9), avec la source lumineuse (10), est prévue dans l'un des éléments d'extrémité (7), des chambres (11, 12), comportant respectivement le récepteur de mesure (13) et le récepteur de référence (14), étant prévues dans l'autre élément d'extrémité (7').
  6. Détecteur de fumées selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'élément du pont optique (6) contenant la section de référence (16) est fixé sur une plaque, de préférence sur la carte imprimée (5) contenant le circuit d'évaluation, et est latéralement rendu étanche par deux parois latérales (23), qui relient les éléments d'extrémité (7, 7') et l'entretoise (8).
  7. Détecteur de fumées selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que la chambre (9) contenant la source lumineuse (10) et les chambres (respectivement 11 et 12) contenant le récepteur de mesure et le récepteur de référence (respectivement 13 et 14) sont obturées vers l'extérieur.
  8. Détecteur de fumées selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les chambres mentionnées (10, 11, 12) sont chacune obturées par une plaque (19, 20), qui sert de support, respectivement pour la source lumineuse (10) et pour le récepteur de mesure et le récepteur de référence (13, 14).
  9. Détecteur de fumées selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'un moyen pour mesurer la température du pont optique (6) est prévu sur l'une des plaques (19, 20), de préférence sur celle qui porte la source lumineuse (10).
  10. Détecteur de fumées selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le pont optique est constitué d'un matériau bon conducteur de la chaleur, de préférence en aluminium ou zinc moulé sous pression.
  11. Détecteur de fumées selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le circuit d'évaluation comporte un élément de mémoire non volatile, dans lequel est mémorisée la courbe de dérive de température du pont optique (6), et en ce qu'il est prévu des moyens pour compenser par le calcul l'influence de la courbe de dérive de température sur le signal du détecteur.
  12. Détecteur de fumées selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la source lumineuse (10) est formée d'une diode électroluminescente comportant un boítier (24) diode dont la puce (26) est montée sur un microchauffage (27) à l'intérieur du boítier (24).
  13. Détecteur de fumées selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le microchauffage (27) est formé d'un chauffage par fil de platine ou d'un élément chauffant à coefficient de température positif d'une puce transistorisée.
  14. Détecteur de fumées selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce qu'une isolation thermique (32) est prévue entre le microchauffage (27) et le fond (25) du boítier (24).
  15. Procédé pour compenser la dérive de température du pont optique (6) du détecteur de fumées selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la courbe de dérive de température est déterminée par chauffage de la source lumineuse (8) et détermination du signal de détection à différentes températures.
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que, dans un détecteur dont la source lumineuse (10) est formée d'une diode électroluminescente qui comporte une puce (26) pouvant être chauffée à l'aide d'un microchauffage (27), le microchauffage (27) est activé périodiquement sur place dans le détecteur monté, la courbe réelle de dérive de la température étant mesurée à cette occasion.
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que, dans un détecteur dont le pont optique est monté sur un support pourvu d'un chauffage, en un matériau ayant une bonne conductivité thermique, le chauffage est activé dans le cadre du procédé de fabrication du détecteur ou lors d'une révision du détecteur, la courbe de dérive de température étant mesurée à cette occasion.
  18. Procédé selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que le détecteur est placé dans un four à la fin de l'opération de fabrication et est raccordé à un bus de données, et en ce que le four est chauffé, la courbe de dérive de température étant mesurée à cette occasion.
EP99117502A 1998-09-14 1999-09-04 Dispositif de détection de fumée selon le principe d'extinction et procédé de compensation de la dérive de température Expired - Lifetime EP1017034B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99117502A EP1017034B1 (fr) 1998-09-14 1999-09-04 Dispositif de détection de fumée selon le principe d'extinction et procédé de compensation de la dérive de température

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98117368 1998-09-14
EP98117368A EP0987663A1 (fr) 1998-09-14 1998-09-14 Dispositif de détection de fumée selon le principe d extinction et procédé de compensation de la dérive de temperature
CH217298 1998-10-27
CH217298 1998-10-27
EP99117502A EP1017034B1 (fr) 1998-09-14 1999-09-04 Dispositif de détection de fumée selon le principe d'extinction et procédé de compensation de la dérive de température

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1017034A2 EP1017034A2 (fr) 2000-07-05
EP1017034A3 EP1017034A3 (fr) 2000-08-02
EP1017034B1 true EP1017034B1 (fr) 2003-08-27

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EP99117502A Expired - Lifetime EP1017034B1 (fr) 1998-09-14 1999-09-04 Dispositif de détection de fumée selon le principe d'extinction et procédé de compensation de la dérive de température

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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1349127A1 (fr) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-01 Siemens Building Technologies AG Capteur de fumée selon le principe d'extinction et son utilisation
EP1768074A1 (fr) 2005-09-21 2007-03-28 Siemens Schweiz AG Détection prompte d'incendies
EP3913592B1 (fr) 2020-05-22 2024-06-26 Carrier Corporation Dispositif de detection de chaleur pour une alarme incendie

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH546989A (de) * 1972-12-06 1974-03-15 Cerberus Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur brandmeldung.
US4266220A (en) * 1979-07-27 1981-05-05 Malinowski William J Self-calibrating smoke detector and method
DE3334545A1 (de) * 1983-09-23 1985-04-04 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Optischer rauchmelder
JPS60168296A (ja) * 1984-02-13 1985-08-31 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 光電式煙感知器
CH683464A5 (de) * 1991-09-06 1994-03-15 Cerberus Ag Optischer Rauchmelder mit aktiver Ueberwachung.
DE4320873A1 (de) * 1993-06-23 1995-01-05 Hekatron Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung für einen optischen Melder zur Umweltüberwachung und Anzeige eines Störmediums
GB2314618B (en) * 1996-06-26 1999-12-29 David Appleby Smoke detector using light scatter and extinction

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EP1017034A2 (fr) 2000-07-05
EP1017034A3 (fr) 2000-08-02

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