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EP1095235A2 - Coke-heated circulating gas cupola furnace for material and/or energetic recycling of waste materials having different compositions - Google Patents

Coke-heated circulating gas cupola furnace for material and/or energetic recycling of waste materials having different compositions

Info

Publication number
EP1095235A2
EP1095235A2 EP99923514A EP99923514A EP1095235A2 EP 1095235 A2 EP1095235 A2 EP 1095235A2 EP 99923514 A EP99923514 A EP 99923514A EP 99923514 A EP99923514 A EP 99923514A EP 1095235 A2 EP1095235 A2 EP 1095235A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
coke
melting
furnace
excess
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99923514A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans Ulrich Feustel
Joachim Mallon
Michael Schaaf
Klaus Scheidig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE1998116864 external-priority patent/DE19816864C2/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1095235A2 publication Critical patent/EP1095235A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/16—Arrangements of tuyeres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/08—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces heated otherwise than by solid fuel mixed with charge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coke-heated cycle gas cupola furnace for the material and / or energetic utilization of waste materials of different compositions according to main patent P 196 40 497.
  • the flue shaft of the cycle gas cupola which is flared from the loading hopper to the stove and consists of flared and / or cylindrical furnace sections, has in the area of the cycle gas and excess gas extraction level, there is a large-volume suction and gas calming ring chamber, which are connected by a furnace shaft part with a narrowing in cross-section and with a built-in oxygen direct injection lance directed obliquely to the melting and superheating zone.
  • An additional gas vent is located below the hopper and a pipe socket for a viewing hole or for the installation of an additional burner is installed in the upper suction and gas calming ring chamber.
  • the lower suction and gas calming ring chamber is directly connected to a solids supply lock, as well as an excess gas suction connection and one or more water supply devices.
  • This arrangement and design of the individual furnace sections is intended to ensure an undisturbed process flow in the material and / or energy recovery of different feedstocks with different consistency and different softening intervals, in which on the one hand the gas velocities in the area of the two gas extraction levels and thus the clogging and dust deposits in the area of the Circulation gas and excess gas suction openings are reduced to such an extent that the unimpeded process flow even when using moist feed materials, such as domestic waste fractions, is guaranteed and process-specific temperatures of high 800 ° C no longer lead to harmful sintering phenomena.
  • the local narrowing of the furnace shaft above the excess gas extraction level in the area of the oxygen nozzles enables the formation of a second, thermo-chemically active zone characterized by controllable oxygen supply and a longer residence time of the feed materials, thereby ensuring the controlled completion of all material-specific gasification and degassing processes of the feed materials can be realized before the fill further sinks.
  • the cycle gas cupola furnace shown in the main patent P 196 40 497 can be used advantageously for the material and / or energetic utilization of waste materials of different compositions, but can be arranged by arranging the lower suction and gas calming ring chamber above the melt formed by the gas jet compressor.
  • the present invention relates to a further embodiment of the arrangement of the lower suction and gas calming ring chamber on a coke-heated cycle gas cupola for the material and / or energy recovery of waste materials of different compositions according to main patent P 196 40 497, which do not yet completely cover the suction its basic constituents CO, H 2 , H 2 0, C0 2 as well as gaseous organics broken down into their trace components or already re-formed are reliably prevented.
  • the furnace shaft which is flared from the loading hopper to the hearth, from the level of the melting and superheating zone down to the hearth area provides an increasing coke volume for the Bou ⁇ ouard reaction and thus ensures a higher effectiveness of this desired reduction reaction.
  • an improvement in the reduction conditions compared to the oxides of the molten phases from the material and / or energy recovery of waste materials of different compositions is achieved, which in turn results in better metal and slag qualities.
  • the arrangement according to the invention of the lower suction and gas calming ring chamber on a coke-heated cycle gas cupola furnace for the material and / or energy recovery of waste materials of different compositions will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment.
  • the accompanying drawing shows a longitudinal section through the coke-heated cycle gas cupola from the cycle gas level to the stove. It shows that below the charging funnel 1 begins a downwardly conically widened furnace shaft part 4, m the gas supply nozzles 3, which are inclined downward above the cycle gas suction plane 2 and are connected to the clean gas side of a gas industry (not shown) or a separate gas reservoir, are arranged.
  • suction and gas calming ring chamber 5 which widens conically at the top available, which is delivered with the refractory material 10 and is coupled with a water cooling 6 for start-up and shutdown processes.
  • This suction and gas calming chamber 5, which also has a pipe socket 7 for the installation of an additional burner and / or a viewing hole, and one or more cycle gas suction socket 8 with inspection opening 25, which are provided via pipes with integrated actuators, measuring devices for determining volume flow and compensation elements for pipe expansions , is connected directly to an oxygen-operated, water-cooled gas jet compressor 24.
  • a cylindrical furnace shaft part 9 which is provided with the refractory material 10 to n in the area of the excess gas suction plane 11, and has one or more built-in oxygen lance 13 directed obliquely to the melting and superheating zone .
  • the furnace shaft part 9 is connected at the bottom in the region of the excess gas suction level 11 with a large-volume suction and gas calming ring chamber 12.
  • a water supply device 15 In the ring chamber 12 or alternatively in the excess gas suction nozzle 14 there is a water supply device 15 and above the water supply device 15 a supply lock for solids 16 with two gas-tight locking devices 17; 18 and a thrower 19 installed.
  • the excess gas suction connection 14 is connected via a delivery element, not shown, to a gas industry, also not shown, which in turn is optionally connected to the gas supply nozzles 3 on the clean gas side.
  • the gas jet compressor 24 merges and the furnace shaft 20 continues as a truncated cone that widens conically downwards and merges below the annular chamber 12 m with a cylindrically shaped and supplied hearth 21 in which the exhaust openings for the molten metal 22 and liquid slags 23 are installed.
  • the procedure described below is to be followed.
  • the genus consists of 26.7% shredded domestic garbage (I), 31.6% bulky garbage with one
  • the set weight is 1000 kg.
  • the furnace is equipped with 6 circulating gas emitters and has a capacity of 7.50 t / h feed materials. It is prepared like a coke-fired oven. After the full coke has been introduced, the furnace is closed and burned with an auxiliary burner and natural draft with the flap closed in the circulating gas and excess gas line over the emergency chimney. After the full coke column has burned through, it is blown down to white heat using oxygen and air. The air opening on the gas jet compressor 24 is closed and the flaps m of the cycle gas and
  • a gas vent 27 is provided above the sealing gas supply for the evaporation products that arise when a sealing gas of higher temperature is used, which is connected to the gas industry and through which these evaporation products directly Gas industry can be supplied. Since the processes in the furnace are temperature-dependent, approx. 50% of the amount of process gas generated in the conical shaft 26 between the excess gas suction level 11 and the circulating gas suction level 2 and the rest through the combustion and thermochemical material conversions in the melting and superheating zone, ie primarily through combustion of the solid carbon potential educated. 8693 Nm 3 / h are withdrawn as excess gas and fed to the gas industry, which includes a disintegrator. The temperature of the gas is 550 ° C.
  • the gas leaving the disintegrator at approx. 35 ° C consists of approx. 36% H 2 , 4.6% N 2 , 15.3% C0 2 , 42% CO and 3.1% H 2 0. About 359 1 / h of water condense out. Furthermore, approx. 800 kg / h molten metal and 1660 kg / h slag, which meet the requirements of use as a building material. After gas cleaning, there is a purified fuel gas with an energy equivalent of 19.48 MW. In addition, approx. 40 kg / h disintegrator sludge and 0.8 kg / h loaded activated coke.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an additional embodiment for the arrangement of a lower annular suction and gas relaxation chamber on a coke-heated circulating gas cupola furnace for material and/or energetic recycling of waste materials having different composition as described in main patent P 196 40 497, in which suctioning of gaseous organic matter which has been completely broken down into its basic components CO, H2, H2O and CO2 and into its trace components or has been already reformed is not yet reliably prevented. According to the invention, the lower annular suctioning and gas relaxation chamber is arranged below the melting and overheating zone which extends up to the plane formed by the position of the jet gas compressor. Said arrangement makes it possible to draw off the excess gas directly from the furnace shaft from the melting and overheating zone at high temperatures of around 2,000 DEG C. The excess gas is also guided through the burning coke layer of the melting and overheating zone of the coke-heated circulating gas cupola furnace. CO2 is converted to CO by lowering the temperature of the gas as a result of energy-consuming Boudard equilibrium reaction. Fluidic separation of the excess gas from process gas is simultaneously carried out.

Description

Besehreibung Koksbeheizter Kreislaufgas-Kupolofen zur stofflichen und/oder energetischen Verwertung von Abfallmaterialien unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung Description Coke-heated cycle gas cupola furnace for material and / or energy recovery of waste materials of different compositions
Die Erfindung betrifft einen koksbeheizten Kreislaufgas- Kupolofen zur stofflichen und/oder energetischen Verwertung von Abfallmaterialien unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzungen nach Hauptpatent P 196 40 497. Der vom Begichtungstrichter bis zum Herd konisch erweiterte und aus konisch erweiterten und/oder zylindrischen Ofenschüssen bestehende Ofenschacht des Kreislaufgas-Kupolofens hat im Bereich der Kreislaufgas- und Überschußgasabsaugebene je eine großvolumige Absaug- und Gasberuhigungsringkammer, die durch ein Ofenschachtteil mit querschnittsverjüngender Einengung und mit einer darin eingebauten, schräg zur Schmelz- und Uberhitzungszone gerichteten Sauerstoff-Direkt- injektionslanze verbunden sind. Unterhalb des Begichtungs- trichters ist ein zusätzlicher Gasabzug angeordnet und in der oberen Absaug- und Gasberuhigungsringkammer ist ein Rohrstutzen für ein Schauloch oder für die Installation eines Zusatzbrenners angebracht. Die untere Absaug- und Gasberuhigungsringkammer ist direkt mit einer Feststoffzuführungs- schleuse verbunden, sowie einem Überschußgasabsaugstutzen und einer oder mehreren Wasserzuführungseinrichtungen versehen. Diese Anordnung und Ausgestaltung der einzelnen Ofenschüsse soll einen ungestörten Prozeßablauf bei der stofflichen und/oder energetischen Verwertung unterschiedlicher Einsatzmaterialien mit unterschiedlicher Konsistenz und unterschied- lichem Erweichungsintervall gewährleisten, in dem einerseits die Gasgeschwindigkeiten im Bereich der beiden Gasabsaugebenen und damit die Zusetzerscheinungen und Staubablagerungen im Bereich der Kreislaufgas- und Überschußgasabsaugöf nungen in einem solchen Maße reduziert werden, daß der ungehinderte Prozeßablauf auch bei Einsatz feuchter Einsatzmaterialien, wie beispielsweise Hausmullfraktionen, gewährleistet ist und prozeßspezifisch auftretende Temperaturen großer 800 °C nicht mehr zu schädlichen Sintererscheinungen fuhren. Zudem ermöglicht die lokale Einengung des Ofenschachtes oberhalb der überschußgasabsaugebene im Bereich der Sauerstoffdusen die Ausbildung einer zweiten, durch regelbare Sauerstoffzufuhr gekennzeichnete heiße thermo-chemisch aktive Zone und eine längere Verweilzeit der Emsatzmaterialien, wodurch der kontrollierte Abschluß aller materialspezifischen Ver- und Ent- gasungsprozesse der Einsatzstoffe vor dem weiteren Absinken der Schuttung realisiert werden kann. Der im Hauptpatent P 196 40 497 dargestellte Kreislaufgas-Kupolofen ist zwar zur stofflichen und/oder energetischen Verwertung von Abfallmate- πalien unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzungen vorteilhaft em- setzbar, kann aber durch die Anordnung der unteren Absaug- und Gasberuhigungsringkammer oberhalb der durch die Gasstrahlverdichter gebildeten Schmelz- und Uberhitzungszone manchmal nicht verhindern, daß noch nicht vollständig in seine Grundbestandteile CO, H2, H20, C02 sowie m ihre Spurenkom- ponenten zerlegten oder bereits wieder zuruckgeoildete gasformigen Organika abgesaugt werden. Zur technologischen Pro- zeßfuhrung waren somit zusätzlich analytische Uberwacnungs- steme für das abgesaugte Uberschußgas notwendig. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine weitere Ausfuhrungs- form der Anordnung der unteren Absaug- und Gasberuhigungsringkammer an einem koksbeheizten Kreislaufgas-Kupolofen zur stofflichen und/oder energetischen Verwertung von Abfallmate- πalien unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzungen nach Hauptpatent P 196 40 497, welche die Absaugung noch nicht vollständig in seine Grundbestandteile CO, H2, H20, C02 sowie in ihre Spurenkomponenten zerlegten oder bereits wieder zuruckgebildete gasformigen Organika sicher verhindert.The invention relates to a coke-heated cycle gas cupola furnace for the material and / or energetic utilization of waste materials of different compositions according to main patent P 196 40 497. The flue shaft of the cycle gas cupola, which is flared from the loading hopper to the stove and consists of flared and / or cylindrical furnace sections, has in the area of the cycle gas and excess gas extraction level, there is a large-volume suction and gas calming ring chamber, which are connected by a furnace shaft part with a narrowing in cross-section and with a built-in oxygen direct injection lance directed obliquely to the melting and superheating zone. An additional gas vent is located below the hopper and a pipe socket for a viewing hole or for the installation of an additional burner is installed in the upper suction and gas calming ring chamber. The lower suction and gas calming ring chamber is directly connected to a solids supply lock, as well as an excess gas suction connection and one or more water supply devices. This arrangement and design of the individual furnace sections is intended to ensure an undisturbed process flow in the material and / or energy recovery of different feedstocks with different consistency and different softening intervals, in which on the one hand the gas velocities in the area of the two gas extraction levels and thus the clogging and dust deposits in the area of the Circulation gas and excess gas suction openings are reduced to such an extent that the unimpeded process flow even when using moist feed materials, such as domestic waste fractions, is guaranteed and process-specific temperatures of high 800 ° C no longer lead to harmful sintering phenomena. In addition, the local narrowing of the furnace shaft above the excess gas extraction level in the area of the oxygen nozzles enables the formation of a second, thermo-chemically active zone characterized by controllable oxygen supply and a longer residence time of the feed materials, thereby ensuring the controlled completion of all material-specific gasification and degassing processes of the feed materials can be realized before the fill further sinks. The cycle gas cupola furnace shown in the main patent P 196 40 497 can be used advantageously for the material and / or energetic utilization of waste materials of different compositions, but can be arranged by arranging the lower suction and gas calming ring chamber above the melt formed by the gas jet compressor. and overheating zone sometimes do not prevent that their basic components CO, H 2 , H 2 0, C0 2 and m their trace components have not yet been completely broken down or gaseous organics which have already been re-formed are sucked off again. Additional analytical monitoring systems for the extracted excess gas were therefore necessary for the technological process control. The present invention relates to a further embodiment of the arrangement of the lower suction and gas calming ring chamber on a coke-heated cycle gas cupola for the material and / or energy recovery of waste materials of different compositions according to main patent P 196 40 497, which do not yet completely cover the suction its basic constituents CO, H 2 , H 2 0, C0 2 as well as gaseous organics broken down into their trace components or already re-formed are reliably prevented.
Erreicht wird dies, m dem die untere Absaug- und Gasberuhigungsringkammer unterhalb bis zur Ebene der durch die Lage der Gasstrahlverdichter gebildeten Schmelz- und Uberhitzungszone angeordnet wird. Diese Anordnung bewirkt, daß das Uber- schußgas direkt aus der Schmelz- und Uberhitzungszone mit hohen Temperaturen um 2000 °C aus dem Ofenschacht abgezogen wird. Das Uberschußgas wird ebenfalls durch αie glühende Koksschicht der Schmelz- und Uberhitzungszone des koksbeheiz- ten Kreislaufgas-Kupolofen gefuhrt. Durch die energieverbrauchende Wirkung des Boudouard-Gleichgewichtes wird C02 unter Absenkung der Gastemperatur zu CO umgesetzt. Gleichzeitig erfolgt stromungstechnisch die Abspaltung des Uberschußgases vom Prozeßgas. Vorteilhaft ist auch, daß der vom Begichtungstrichter bis zum Herd konisch erweiterte Ofenschacht von der Ebene der Schmelz- und Uberhitzungszone abwärts bis m den Herdbereich ein zunehmendes Koksvolumen für die Bouαouard-Reaktion zur Verfugung stellt und damit eine höhere Effektivität dieser gewünschten Reduktionsreaktion ge- wahrleistet. Metallurgisch wird damit eine Verbesserung der Reduktionsbedingungen gegenüber den Oxiden der schmelzflussigen Phasen aus der stofflichen und/oder energetischen Verwertung von Abfallmaterialien unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung erreicht, wodurch wiederum bessere Metall- und Schlackequali- taten resultieren.This is achieved by placing the lower suction and gas calming ring chamber below to the level of the melting and superheating zone formed by the position of the gas jet compressors. This arrangement has the effect that the Gun gas is withdrawn directly from the melting and superheating zone at high temperatures around 2000 ° C from the furnace shaft. The excess gas is also passed through the glowing coke layer of the melting and superheating zone of the coke-heated cycle gas cupola. Due to the energy-consuming effect of the Boudouard balance, C0 2 is converted to CO while lowering the gas temperature. At the same time, the excess gas is split off from the process gas in terms of flow technology. It is also advantageous that the furnace shaft, which is flared from the loading hopper to the hearth, from the level of the melting and superheating zone down to the hearth area provides an increasing coke volume for the Bouαouard reaction and thus ensures a higher effectiveness of this desired reduction reaction. In metallurgical terms, an improvement in the reduction conditions compared to the oxides of the molten phases from the material and / or energy recovery of waste materials of different compositions is achieved, which in turn results in better metal and slag qualities.
Die erfindungsgemaße Anordnung der unteren Absaug- und Gasberuhigungsringkammer an einem koksbeheizten Kreislaufgas- Kupolofen zur stofflichen und/oder energetischen Verwertung von Abfallmateπalien unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzungen soll an einem Ausfuhrungsbeispiel naher erläutert werden. Hierzu zeigt die zugehörige Zeichnung einen Längsschnitt durch den koksbeheizten Kreislaufgas-Kupolofen von der Kreis- laufgasebene bis zum Herd. Sie zeigt, daß unterhalb des Begichtungstrichters 1 ein nach unten konisch aufgeweiteter Ofenschachtteil 4 beginnt, m dem unmittelbar oberhalb der Kreislaufgasabsaugebene 2 schräg nach unten geneigte, mit der Reingasseite einer nicht dargestellten Gaswirtschaft oder einem separaten Gasreservoir verbundene Gaszuführungsdusen 3 angeordnet sind. In der Kreis- laufgasabsaugebene 2 ist eine sich nacn oben konisch aufweitende großvolumige Absaug- und Gasberuhigungsringkammer 5 vorhanden, die mit dem Feuerfestmaterial 10 zugestellt ist und mit einer Wasserkühlung 6 für An- und Abfahrprozesse gekoppelt ist. Diese Absaug- und Gasberuhigungskammer 5, die außerdem einen Rohrstutzen 7 zur Installation eines Zusatz- brenners und/oder eines Schauloches sowie einen oder mehrere Kreislaufgasabsaugstutzen 8 mit Revisionsoffnung 25 hat, welche über Rohrleitungen mit integrierten Stellorganen, Meßeinrichtungen zur Volumenstrombestimmung und Kompensationselementen für Rohrausdehnungen versehen sind, ist direkt mit ei- nem sauerstoffbetriebenen, wassergekühlten Gasstrahlverdichter 24 verbunden. Unmittelbar unterhalb der Absaug-und Gasberuhigungsringkammer 5 schließt sich ein zylindrischer Ofenschachtteil 9 an, der mit dem Feuerfestmaterial 10 bis n den Bereich der Uberschußgasabsaugebene 11 querschnittsver ungend zugestellt ist und eine oder mehrere eingebaute, schräg zur Schmelz- und Uberhitzungszone gerichtete Sauerstoffdirekt- Injektionslanze 13 hat. Verbunden ist der Ofenschachtteil 9 im Bereich der Uberschußgasabsaugebene 11 nach unten mit einer großvolumigen Absaug- und Gasberuhigungsringkammer 12. In die Ringkammer 12 bzw. alternativ dazu in den Uberschußgasab- saugstutzen 14 ist eine Wasserzuführungseinrichtung 15 und oberhalb von der Wasserzufuhrungseinrichtung 15 eine Zufuhrungsschleuse für Feststoffe 16 mit zwei gasdicht arbeitenden Verschlußeinrichtungen 17; 18 und einem Einwurftπchter 19 in- stalliert. Der Uberschußgasabsaugstutzen 14 ist über ein nicht dargestelltes Forderorgan mit einer ebenfalls nicht dargestellten Gaswirtschaft verbunden, die ihrerseits auf der Reingasseite wahlweise mit den Gaszufuhrungsdusen 3 verbunden ist. In Hohe des Uberschußgasabsaugstutzen 14 der Ringkammer 12 mundet der Gasstrahlverdichter 24 ein und der Ofenschacht 20 setzt sich als konisch nach unten aufgeweiteter Kegelstumpf fort und geht unterhalb der Ringkammer 12 m einen zylindrisch ausgebildeten und zugestellten Herd 21 über, in dem die Abzugsoffnungen für die Metallschmelze 22 und flussige Schlacken 23 installiert sind. Zur stofflichen und energetischen Verwertung einer Mischung aus einer Hausmullfraktion, von Sperrmull und sogenanntem Stabilisat organischen Ursprungs ist wie nachfolgend beschrieben zu verfahren. Die Gattierung besteht aus 26,7 % geshreddertem Hausmull (I), 31,6 % Sperrmull mit einemThe arrangement according to the invention of the lower suction and gas calming ring chamber on a coke-heated cycle gas cupola furnace for the material and / or energy recovery of waste materials of different compositions will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. The accompanying drawing shows a longitudinal section through the coke-heated cycle gas cupola from the cycle gas level to the stove. It shows that below the charging funnel 1 begins a downwardly conically widened furnace shaft part 4, m the gas supply nozzles 3, which are inclined downward above the cycle gas suction plane 2 and are connected to the clean gas side of a gas industry (not shown) or a separate gas reservoir, are arranged. In the cycle gas suction level 2 there is a large-volume suction and gas calming ring chamber 5 which widens conically at the top available, which is delivered with the refractory material 10 and is coupled with a water cooling 6 for start-up and shutdown processes. This suction and gas calming chamber 5, which also has a pipe socket 7 for the installation of an additional burner and / or a viewing hole, and one or more cycle gas suction socket 8 with inspection opening 25, which are provided via pipes with integrated actuators, measuring devices for determining volume flow and compensation elements for pipe expansions , is connected directly to an oxygen-operated, water-cooled gas jet compressor 24. Immediately below the suction and gas calming ring chamber 5 is a cylindrical furnace shaft part 9, which is provided with the refractory material 10 to n in the area of the excess gas suction plane 11, and has one or more built-in oxygen lance 13 directed obliquely to the melting and superheating zone . The furnace shaft part 9 is connected at the bottom in the region of the excess gas suction level 11 with a large-volume suction and gas calming ring chamber 12. In the ring chamber 12 or alternatively in the excess gas suction nozzle 14 there is a water supply device 15 and above the water supply device 15 a supply lock for solids 16 with two gas-tight locking devices 17; 18 and a thrower 19 installed. The excess gas suction connection 14 is connected via a delivery element, not shown, to a gas industry, also not shown, which in turn is optionally connected to the gas supply nozzles 3 on the clean gas side. At the level of the excess gas suction connection 14 of the annular chamber 12, the gas jet compressor 24 merges and the furnace shaft 20 continues as a truncated cone that widens conically downwards and merges below the annular chamber 12 m with a cylindrically shaped and supplied hearth 21 in which the exhaust openings for the molten metal 22 and liquid slags 23 are installed. For the material and energy recovery of a mixture of a household waste fraction, bulky waste and so-called stabilizer of organic origin, the procedure described below is to be followed. The genus consists of 26.7% shredded domestic garbage (I), 31.6% bulky garbage with one
Schrottanteil (II), 18,9 % Hausmullstabilisat (111/20 - 60 mm), 17,2 % Hausmullstabilisat (IV/0 - 20 mm), 3,8 % Satzkoks (V) und 1,8 % Kalkstein (VI) als Schlackebildner . Die wesentliche Zusammensetzung der Stoffe zeigen die Tabellen la bis lc.Scrap fraction (II), 18.9% domestic garbage stabilizer (111/20 - 60 mm), 17.2% household garbage stabilizer (IV / 0 - 20 mm), 3.8% coke (V) and 1.8% limestone (VI) as a slag generator. The main composition of the substances is shown in Tables la to lc.
Das Satzgewicht betragt 1000 kg. Der Ofen ist mit 6 Kreislaufgasemπchtungen versehen und hat eine Leistung von 7,50 t/h Einsatzstoffe. Er wird wie ein koksgefeuerter Schacntofen vorbereitet. Nach dem Einbringen des Fullkokses wird der Ofen geschlossen und mit einem Hilfsbrenner und natürlichem Zug bei geschlossener Klappe in der Kreislaufgas- und Uberschuß- gasleitung über den Notkamin angebrannt, nach dem Durchbrennen der Fullkokssaule bis auf Weißglut mittels Sauerstoff und Luft vorgeblasen. Die Luftoffnung am Gasstrahlverdichter 24 wird geschlossen und die Klappen m der Kreislaufgas- undThe set weight is 1000 kg. The furnace is equipped with 6 circulating gas emitters and has a capacity of 7.50 t / h feed materials. It is prepared like a coke-fired oven. After the full coke has been introduced, the furnace is closed and burned with an auxiliary burner and natural draft with the flap closed in the circulating gas and excess gas line over the emergency chimney. After the full coke column has burned through, it is blown down to white heat using oxygen and air. The air opening on the gas jet compressor 24 is closed and the flaps m of the cycle gas and
Uberschußgasleitung geöffnet. Unmittelbar danach beginnt der Prozeß mit Aufgabe des ersten und weiterer Satze, bis die obere Fullstandsmarke erreicht ist. Alle nachfolgenden Satze erfolgen zeitabhängig als Funktion der Vergasungs-, Verbren- nungs- und Schmelzleistung, also in Abhängigkeit der Absink- geschwindigkeit der Schuttung. Die Gasstrahlverdichter 24 werden mit insgesamt 2164 Nm3 /h Sauerstoff betrieben, so daß an der Kreislaufgasabsaugebene 2 mehr als 100 % Gas, d. h. die hier vorliegenden 3750 Nm3 /h Kreislaufgas plus die Sperr- gasmenge von 52 Nm3 /h, die über den Begichtungstrichter 1 eingebracht wird, abgezogen und m die Schmelz- und Verbrennungszone eingeblasen werden. Alternativ ist oberhalb der Sperrgaszufuhrung ein Gasabzug 27 für die dann entstehenden Verdampfungsprodukte vorgesehen, wenn ein Sperrgas höherer Temperatur verwendet wird, der mit der Gaswirtschaft verbunden ist und durch den diese Verdampfungsprodukte direkt der Gaswirtschaft zugeführt werden können. Da die Prozesse im Ofen temperaturabhangig sind, werden ca. 50 % der im konischen Schacht 26 entstehenden Prozeßgasmenge zwischen Uberschußgasabsaugebene 11 und Kreislaufgasabsaugebene 2 und der Rest durch die verbrennungs- und thermochemischen Stoffumwandlungen m der Schmelz- und Uberhitzungszone, d. h. primär durch Verbrennung des festen Kohlenstoffpotentiales gebildet. Als Uberschußgas werden 8693 Nm3 /h abgezogen und der Gaswirtschaft, die einen Desintegrator beinhaltet, zugeführt. Die Temperatur des Gases liegt bei 550 °C. Das Gas, welches den Desintegrator mit ca. 35 °C verlaßt, besteht aus rd. 36 % H2, 4,6 % N2, 15,3 % C02, 42 % CO und 3,1 % H20. Etwa 359 1/h Wasser kondensieren aus. Desweiteren entstehen rd. 800 κg/h Metallschmelze und 1660 kg/h Schlacke, die den Anforderungen eines Einsatzes als Baustoff genügen. Nach der Gasreinigung liegt ein gereinigtes Brenngas mit einem Energieaquivalent von 19,48 MW vor. Außerdem entstehen rd. 40 kg/h Desintegratorschlamm und 0,8 kg/h beladener Aktivkoks. Diese Stoffe werden systemintern als externe Staubzugabe durch die Gasstrahlverdichter 24 oder brikettiert über den Begichtungstrichter 1 zugegeben, verschlackt und energetisch genutzt. Die Wasserkühlung 6 kann bei Normalbetrieb als Vorwarmung der eingebrachten Einsatzstoffe genutzt werden. Beim An- und Abfahrbetrieb wird die Funktion als Kühlung genutzt. Tabelle laExcess gas line opened. Immediately afterwards, the process begins with the abandonment of the first and further sentences until the upper level is reached. All subsequent records are time-dependent as a function of the gasification, combustion and melting capacity, that is, depending on the rate of descent of the fill. The gas jet compressors 24 are operated with a total of 2164 Nm 3 / h of oxygen, so that more than 100% gas at the cycle gas suction level 2, ie the 3750 Nm 3 / h of cycle gas present here plus the sealing gas quantity of 52 Nm 3 / h, the over the loading hopper 1 is introduced, withdrawn and m the melting and combustion zone are blown. Alternatively, a gas vent 27 is provided above the sealing gas supply for the evaporation products that arise when a sealing gas of higher temperature is used, which is connected to the gas industry and through which these evaporation products directly Gas industry can be supplied. Since the processes in the furnace are temperature-dependent, approx. 50% of the amount of process gas generated in the conical shaft 26 between the excess gas suction level 11 and the circulating gas suction level 2 and the rest through the combustion and thermochemical material conversions in the melting and superheating zone, ie primarily through combustion of the solid carbon potential educated. 8693 Nm 3 / h are withdrawn as excess gas and fed to the gas industry, which includes a disintegrator. The temperature of the gas is 550 ° C. The gas leaving the disintegrator at approx. 35 ° C consists of approx. 36% H 2 , 4.6% N 2 , 15.3% C0 2 , 42% CO and 3.1% H 2 0. About 359 1 / h of water condense out. Furthermore, approx. 800 kg / h molten metal and 1660 kg / h slag, which meet the requirements of use as a building material. After gas cleaning, there is a purified fuel gas with an energy equivalent of 19.48 MW. In addition, approx. 40 kg / h disintegrator sludge and 0.8 kg / h loaded activated coke. These substances are added to the system internally as external dust addition by the gas jet compressor 24 or briquetted via the charging hopper 1, slagged and used for energy. The water cooling 6 can be used in normal operation as a preheating of the input materials. The function is used as cooling during start-up and shutdown. Table la
Elementaranalyse [Masse-% ]Elemental analysis [mass%]
Stoff Fe C S Cu Cd Ni AIFabric Fe C S Cu Cd Ni AI
Hg Pb Cr As ZnHg Pb Cr As Zn
I 3,62 36,21 0,66 0,07 0,01 0,01 0,53I 3.62 36.21 0.66 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.53
0,00067 0,13 0,03 0,00001 0,200.00067 0.13 0.03 0.00001 0.20
II 22,98 34,41 0,21 0,02 0,01 0,01 0,18II 22.98 34.41 0.21 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.18
0,00067 0,04 0,01 0,00001 0,060.00067 0.04 0.01 0.00001 0.06
III 3,62 36,21 0,66 0,07 0,01 0,01 0,53III 3.62 36.21 0.66 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.53
0,00067 0,13 0,03 0,00001 0,20 IV 2,53 25,28 0,46 0,05 0,01 0,01 0,370.00067 0.13 0.03 0.00001 0.20 IV 2.53 25.28 0.46 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.37
0,00 0,09 0,02 0,00 0,140.00 0.09 0.02 0.00 0.14
V 90 1V 90 1
VIVI
Tabelle lb gasformige Anteile [Masse-%]Table lb gaseous fractions [mass%]
Stoff H2 02 N2 C02 Cl2 H20Substance H 2 0 2 N 2 C0 2 Cl 2 H 2 0
I 4,60 24,48 0,40 0,66 15I 4.60 24.48 0.40 0.66 15
II 4,21 27,65 0,26 0,21 10II 4.21 27.65 0.26 0.21 10
III 4,60 24,48 0,40 0,66 15III 4.60 24.48 0.40 0.66 15
IV 3,21 17,09 0,28 0,46 15IV 3.21 17.09 0.28 0.46 15
VV
VI 50VI 50
Tabelle lc mineralische Anteile [Masse-Table lc mineral components [mass
Stoff Si02 A1203 CaO MgO Fe203 FeO MnO K20Substance Si0 2 A1 2 0 3 CaO MgO Fe 2 0 3 FeO MnO K 2 0
I 14,7 4,53 4,13 0, 6 2,00 0,40I 14.7 4.53 4.13 0. 6 2.00 0.40
II 5,10 1,52 1,53 0,20 0,70 III 14,7 4,53 4,13 0,6 2,00 0,40II 5.10 1.52 1.53 0.20 0.70 III 14.7 4.53 4.13 0.6 2.00 0.40
IV 25,9 8,0 7,3 1,1 3,5 0,7IV 25.9 8.0 7.3 1.1 3.5 0.7
V 3,79 2,48 1,13 0,05 0,75 0,75 0,08V 3.79 2.48 1.13 0.05 0.75 0.75 0.08
VI 50,00 BezugszeichenlisteVI 50.00 Reference list
Begichtungstrichter Kreislaufgasabsaugebene Gaszufuhrungsduse konisch aufgeweiteter Ofenschachtteil großvolumige Absaug- und Gasberuhigungsringkammer Wasserkühlung Rohrstutzen Kreislaufgasabsaugstutzen Ofenschachtteil mit lokaler Einengung Feuerfestmaterial Uberschußgasabsaugebene großvolumige Absaug- und Gasberuhigungsringkammer Sauerstoffdirekt-Injektionslanze Uberschußgasabsaugstutzen Wasserzufuhrungseinrichtung Feststoff-Zuführungsschleuse Verschlußeinrichtung Verschlußeinrichtung trichterförmige Einwurfoffnung kegelstumpfartiger Ofenteil Herd Abzugsoffnung für Metallschmelze Schlackeabzugsoffnung Gasstrahlverdichter Revisionsoffnung konischer Ofenschacht Gasabzug Begichtungstrichter Kreislaufgasabsaugebene Gaszufuhrungsduse conically flared furnace shaft part large volume suction and gas calming annular chamber water cooling pipe socket Kreislaufgasabsaugstutzen furnace shaft part with a local narrowing refractory Uberschußgasabsaugebene large volume suction and gas calming annular chamber oxygen direct-injection lance Uberschußgasabsaugstutzen Wasserzufuhrungseinrichtung solid delivery sheath shutter closure device funnel-shaped Einwurfoffnung frusto-conical part of the furnace hearth Abzugsoffnung molten metal Schlackeabzugsoffnung gas jet compressor Revisionsoffnung conical furnace shaft gas vent

Claims

Patentanspruch Claim
Koksbeheizter Kreislaufgaskupolofen zur stofflichen und/oder energetischen Verwertung von Abfallmaterialien unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung nach Patentanmeldung P 196 40 497, bestehend aus einem senkrechten, vom Begichtungstrichter zum Herd konisch erweiterten Ofenschacht mit mehreren um den Umfang des Ofenschachtes angeordneten, unterhalb der Begichtung liegenden Ofengasabsaugoffnungen, die durch Kanäle mit über dem Herd im Bereich der Schmelz- und Uberhitzungszone installierten Düsen, welche zentrisch geführte Sauerstofflanzen haben und wie ein Gasstrahlverdichter wirken, verbunden sind, der Ofenschacht im Bereich der Kreislaufgas- und Uberschuß- gasabsaugebene je eine großvolumige Absaug- und Gasberuhigungskammer hat, die durch ein Ofenschachtteil mit quer- schnittsverjungender Einengung und mit einer darin eingebauten, schräg zur Schmelz- und Uberhitzungszone gerichteten Sauerstoffdirekt-Injektionslanze verbunden sind und unmittel- bar unterhalb des Begichtungstrichters ein zusatzlicher Gasabzug angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Uberschußgasabsaugebene (11) und die großvolumige Absaug- und Gasberuhigungskammer (12) unterhalb bis zur Ebene der durch die Lage der Gasstrahlverdichter (24) gebildeten Schmelz- und Uberhitzungszone angeordnet sind. Coke-heated cycle gas cupola for material and / or energy recovery of waste materials of different compositions according to patent application P 196 40 497, consisting of a vertical furnace shaft, which is flared from the hopper to the stove, with several furnace gas suction openings arranged around the circumference of the furnace shaft, below the coating, through channels with nozzles installed above the stove in the area of the melting and superheating zone, which have centrally guided oxygen lances and act like a gas jet compressor, the furnace shaft in the area of the cycle gas and excess gas extraction level each has a large-volume suction and gas calming chamber, which through a furnace shaft part with a cross-sectional constriction and with a built-in oxygen direct injection lance directed obliquely to the melting and overheating zone are connected and immediately below the hopper n additional gas discharge is arranged, characterized in that the excess gas extraction level (11) and the large-volume suction and gas calming chamber (12) are arranged below to the level of the melting and superheating zone formed by the position of the gas jet compressors (24).
EP99923514A 1998-03-30 1999-05-04 Coke-heated circulating gas cupola furnace for material and/or energetic recycling of waste materials having different compositions Withdrawn EP1095235A2 (en)

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DE1998116864 DE19816864C2 (en) 1996-10-01 1998-03-30 Coke-heated cycle gas cupola furnace for material and / or energy recovery of waste materials of different compositions
PCT/EP1999/003012 WO1999060320A2 (en) 1998-03-30 1999-05-04 Coke-heated circulating gas cupola furnace for material and/or energetic recycling of waste materials having different compositions

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DE102008010919A1 (en) 2008-02-25 2009-09-03 Markus Franssen Waste recycling plant for the production of energy
DE102009014410A1 (en) 2008-03-31 2009-10-01 Etag Production Gmbh Waste treatment plant for generating electric energy from combustion gases, has gasifier oven with upper, middle and lower section in connection with gas condenser, in connection with turbine module

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DE4317145C1 (en) * 1993-05-24 1994-04-28 Feustel Hans Ulrich Dipl Ing Scrap disposal in coke-fired shaft furnace - involves circulation of organic content gasification gas to metal content melting zone
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