EP1086281B1 - Device for stiffening large-surface concrete elements, especially floors and ceilings of multistory buildings - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for stiffening large area Concrete elements in which hollow body for the purpose of concrete displacement are embedded. These concrete elements are mainly used for the production used by floors and ceilings of concrete structures.

In the manufacture of particular concrete ceilings of multi-storey Buildings it is known to embed hollow bodies in the concrete of the concrete floor, wherein each concrete ceiling a variety of similar to each other, in longitudinal and Transverse rows side by side arranged hollow bodies is used. in this connection It is known, the hollow body between cage-like arranged reinforcing bars enclosed, wherein the reinforcing mesh by means of connecting rods are kept at a distance from each other. As the hollow body within the through The cage formed by the reinforcing grid can trap the hollow body when pouring concrete not due to buoyancy forces from the concrete floor be pushed out, with the entire cage secured against buoyancy must become. This construction reduces the creation of concrete ceilings with hollow bodies not only the cost of materials and thus leads to cost savings in the production such buildings, but also has a lighter weight training of concrete floors result, resulting in the result z. B. create higher structures.

From CH-A-167 077 is a process for the preparation of flexure resistant plates and plate-shaped objects made of plastic, later hardening material known in at which for reducing the dead weight at approximately constant strength Cavities are provided, which in particular for the production of reinforced concrete floors and ceilings is suitable. In the usual way, the reinforcement on the formwork arranged for the lower surface and then plastic concrete to such an extent poured in, that a thin layer is formed, on which the Formkeme brought into position and be pressed into them until they encounter the reinforcement. To avoid a later Aufschwimmens the mandrels are these with the reinforcement, for example attached by cross wires. These cross wires are as disclosed herein Teaching intended to move the cores upward while filling in the rest Prevent concrete or the whole concrete mass.

Furthermore, from EP-A-0 658 663 also a method for the production of concrete elements known with introduced cavities. This tunnel-like concrete elements placed on a cast in concrete grid plate, which by its own weight easily sink into the uncured concrete of the first base layer.

Finally, US-A-5 396 747, which is referred to as the closest prior art is a device for producing stiffened concrete elements with it embedded hollow bodies, in particular for the production of floors and ceilings of concrete structures discloses a two-dimensional structure consisting of an upper and a lower grid between which the hollow bodies are accommodated exists and which is cast in concrete. In this case, the hollow body extend through the Mesh openings of the upper and lower grids and are connected by connecting means, which connect the upper and lower network to form a stable lattice.

However, the known systems are problematic with regard to assembly, transport and storage on and at the construction site, so in particular with regard to a fast and simple creation of the ceiling improvements are to be striven for.

The object of the invention is an apparatus for producing rigid concrete elements, in particular large and suitable for the formation of ceilings and floors concrete elements to create a fast, easy and reliable creation of concrete elements or allow ceilings and floors. Overall, the handling should be facilitated wherein it is above all also desired to manufacture the device from the actual Moving away installation location, so that the device as a kind of prefabricated intermediate product or semi-finished produced, stored and suitable if necessary on site can be used.

For this purpose, the invention provides as a solution, that above or below the reinforcing grid arranged hollow body with the reinforcing grid directly by connecting members tethered so that they are secured against buoyancy. Such a thing Reinforced reinforcement mat is then embedded in concrete. Alternatively is also one Forming a hollow body mat expedient in which the hollow body either directly or are coupled to each other via connecting links to form a planar structure, which can be embedded as such in the concrete or by arrangement in a mold can be filled with concrete. Particularly appropriate is the preparation the device as a semi-finished, what a Reinforcement mat is embedded with the hollow bodies in a concrete shell, wherein the hollow bodies are at least partially fixed in the concrete shell. in this connection It is expedient if the hollow body to the embedded in the concrete reinforcement mat are connected, for example by clipping, by clamping hooks, by Clamp or the like. In a further embodiment it is expedient to use a further reinforcement grid, which has connecting rods either attached to the surface of the concrete shell, for example, by gluing, or is partially poured into the concrete shell. In a Practical embodiment, the concrete shell has a thickness of 4-7 cm, especially 5 - 6 cm and can be used as a lost formwork used by floors or ceilings.

To minimize the concrete consumption or to improve the handling can according to the invention, the predominantly spherical hollow body be provided with flattened pages. To improve the buckling resistance and bending strength can also reinforcing ribs on the hollow bodies be provided in different embodiments. In addition, the hollow body can improve the economy over simple and stable snap connections or adhesive composite of hollow body halves be assembled.

Fig. 1 - 3

schematische Schnittansichten durch eine als Halbzeug gerüstete Vorrichtung,

Fig.4

eine schematische Ansicht von Elementen der Vorrichtung in aufgelöster Darstellung,

Fig. 5

eine Draufsicht der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 4,

Fig. 6

eine Seitenansicht der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 4, gleichfalls in Teildarstellung,

Fig. 7

eine Seitenansicht zur Darstellung der Befestigung eines Hohlkörpers an einer Stahlbewehrungung,

Fig. 8

die Vorder- bzw. Rückansicht der Befestigung aus Fig. 7

Fig. 9

eine Schnittansicht der Befestigung eines Hohlkörpers an einer Stahlbewehrung,

Fig 10

einen Querschnitt durch die Befestigung eines Hohlkörpers an der Stahlbewehrung nach Fig. 8,

Fig. 11

eine Schnittansicht von der Seite von zwei benachbarten Hohlkörpern bei gegenseitiger Verbindung sowie

Fig. 12

eine Draufsicht auf eine Verbindung benachbarter Hohlkörper zu einer Hohlkörpermatte.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Show:

Fig. 1-3

schematic sectional views through a device equipped as a semi-finished,

Figure 4

a schematic view of elements of the device in an exploded view,

Fig. 5

a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 4,

Fig. 6

a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 4, also in partial representation,

Fig. 7

a side view illustrating the attachment of a hollow body to a steel reinforcement,

Fig. 8

the front and rear view of the attachment of FIG. 7th

Fig. 9

a sectional view of the attachment of a hollow body to a steel reinforcement,

FIG. 10

a cross section through the attachment of a hollow body to the steel reinforcement of FIG. 8,

Fig. 11

a sectional view of the side of two adjacent hollow bodies in mutual connection as well

Fig. 12

a plan view of a connection of adjacent hollow body to a hollow body mat.

1 shows a semifinished product for stiffening large-area concrete elements, which is formed from a flat concrete shell 1 with a therein Embedded reinforcing grid 2 conventional design, ie longer and transversely extending bars and thereon mainly in regular distribution arranged hollow body elements 3, which are shown here as balls. to Production of the semifinished product, the balls 3 on the reinforcing grid. 2 arranged, according to the illustrated embodiment partly by the meshes of the mesh bars of the grid 2 to grab. This forming in a mold is then by pouring formed by concrete to the semi-finished, so that in the concrete shell 1 the Reinforcing grid 2 is embedded with the Holhlkörpern 3. During the Pouring concrete into the drawing not shown form the Hollow body 3 secured against buoyancy. This can be done in an appropriate manner direct connection of the hollow body 3 with the reinforcing grid 2, approximately by clipping on or by connecting links. In However, in an alternative embodiment, during pouring, the Hollow body 3 are held by Auflagerung a surface structure, such as by arranging a holding grid above the hollow body elements 3.

This semi-finished product, which is produced in a factory, can then for Transported site, stored there and then by crane to the position of the building to be implemented, the concrete shell 1 as it were lost formwork for the training of the floor or the ceiling of the multi-storey building serves. This will be used to form a blanket Subordinate pursuit, holding the concrete shell 1, whereupon for training The ceiling from the top concrete is applied until the hollow body 3 and possibly further Reinforcement grid are embedded in total in the concrete pavement.

In the embodiment of Fig. 2, the semifinished product is completed insofar as a another reinforcing grid 4 placed on the hollow body elements 3 and through Connecting members 5 are fixed to the surface of the concrete shell 1. in the illustrated embodiment, the connecting members by rods formed, which are provided below with a rail or bar 6, over which the Rods 5 are connected to the surface 7 of the concrete shell 1, approximately by an adhesive bond. This prefabricated according to FIG. 2 semi-finished can also delivered from the factory to the construction site, stored there and, if necessary, for Construction of the building to be implemented by crane, in turn, the Concrete shell 1 serves as a permanent formwork and concrete from above on the Hollow body elements 3 is applied. In the finished ceiling are then the hollow body elements 3, the rods 5 and the additional reinforcing grid 4th completely embedded in the floor slab or floor.

In the embodiment of Fig. 3, the semifinished product is formed by that first arranged in a form the reinforcing grid 2, then the hollow body elements 3 stitched up, finally another reinforcing grid 4 put on and then the two reinforcing bars 4 by connecting members 5, which in turn are formed by rods, connected together like a cage be so that the hollow body elements 3 within the through Reinforced grid 2 and 4 formed cage are collected. After that, in poured the form concrete to form the concrete shell 1, in which the lower Reinforcing grid 2 entirely, the hollow body elements 3 as well as the Connecting bars or connecting brackets 5 only partially and the upper Reinforcement grid 4 is not embedded. This semi-finished product can then also for Construction site spent and crane or manually implemented.

To improve the embedding of the hollow body elements 3 within the Concrete shell 1 of the semi-finished can bags, grooves or other Recesses or protrusions and the like. In the hollow body elements 3 be formed so that a positive connection with the concrete of Concrete shell 1 results. Corresponding pockets are only by way of example in FIG. 1 shown on the left ball 3, in which case the pockets 8 point over the Scope are arranged, but alternatively by a circumferential Constriction may be formed or the like., As in Fig. 2 left with the Reference numeral 9 indicated.

4 shows an alternative embodiment in which the hollow body elements 3 be connected to a grid-like steel reinforcement. The like then Hollow body elements firmly connected to the reinforcement grid can then be used be embedded in the formation of a floor ceiling in this.

For this purpose, the hollow body 3 are placed on a perforated plate 27, which accordingly the intended positions of the hollow body 3 recesses 31, the on the shape of the hollow body are matched. The mold plate 27, which is a variety has recesses 31 in the desired arrangement, is used to Determining the exact position of the hollow body 3 for the following Steps of storey ceiling formation. On the located in the mold plate 27 Hollow body 3 is a steel reinforcement 28, which advantageously in the usual form is carried out as a grid, placed, so that the hollow body 3 with the steel reinforcement 28 can be connected. The attachment of the Hollow body 3 to the steel reinforcement 28 can in different ways and done way. For example, on the hollow bodies. 3 Connecting elements 32 may be provided which directly to the bars of the Bar Reinforcement 28 are connected. For connecting the hollow body 3 to the Grating bars 33 of the steel reinforcement 28 is also the use of Clamps 30, for example made of profiled steel wire, conceivable. to further fixation of the hollow body 3 to the steel reinforcement 28 can additionally fixation rods 29, for example designed as plastic tubes, used, which together with the hollow bodies 3 on the bars 33rd steel reinforcement 28 and thereby the location of the Fix the hollow body 3 to the steel reinforcement 28. In such a Arrangement of the hollow body 3 to the steel reinforcement 28 can now be a first Concrete layer are poured so that a ceiling component with Concrete reinforcement as a semi-finished product is created in any dimensions can be pre-produced. The installation of the semi-finished product is then done so that the concrete layer on top, the steel reinforcement and partially contains the hollow body attached thereto, is turned down on Stanchions is waived by waiving a complete casing and then the missing upper part of the floor slab poured out at the construction site becomes.

With the presented systems, however, it is also possible to arrange the Hollow body, for example with the help of Fixierstangen 29 and the Connecting elements 32 and clamping bracket 30 without steel reinforcement 28th make so that only a grid arrangement of the hollow body 3 as Semifinished product is created, which is then used in conventional manufacturing technology Concrete floors by means of a shuttering and pouring concrete Can be used. The steel reinforcement 28 of such a floor ceiling is then separated from the hollow body assembly in the storey ceiling built-in.

In Figure 5 and Figure 6 are two views of the hollow body assembly on a to see latticed steel reinforcement 28. FIG. 5 shows a section of a Top view of the located in the perforated plate 27 hollow body 3, which at the mounted steel reinforcement 28 are attached. There is also another Fastening possibility of the hollow body 3 to the steel reinforcement 28 shown. As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 9 in more detail, there is a simple Possibility to attach the hollow body 3 to the steel reinforcement 28 in that a steel clip 34 with barbs 35 is attached to the hollow body 3, that the bracket 36 of the steel bracket 34, the grid bar 33 of the steel reinforcement 28th includes and the barbs 35 penetrate into the hollow body. Because of the Barb 35 prevents the clip 34 from the hollow body. 3 solves, is thereby given a firm and secure connection.

FIG. 6 shows the side view of a hollow body arrangement on a Steel Reinforcement 28 is shown, as they are using only a steel reinforcement be installed in a concrete ceiling in the lower area of the storey ceiling can. Of course, if necessary, in a similar manner, a second Steel reinforcement can be attached to the top.

Details of the connection of hollow bodies 1 are shown in FIGS. 7 to 10 steel reinforcement 28 shown. While in Figure 9 the already described Alternative from brackets 34 with barbs 35 is shown, show the Figures 7, 8 and 10, a further embodiment of a connecting element 32. In this embodiment, 3 fastening elements are on the hollow body 39 and 40 are provided, which are connected via a bracket 38 with each other can. To attach the hollow body 1 is between the Fastening elements 39, 40 of the grid bar 33 of a reinforcement 28 inserted, so that it can be enclosed by the bracket 28. The bracket 38 is at his one end pivotally hinged to the fastener 40 and is on its other end, for example, with a rivet 37 on the opposite Attached fastener 39. The fasteners 39, 40 and the Bracket 38 may preferably be integral with the hollow body 3 and a Be formed hollow body half. The hollow bodies are expediently each composed of several, mainly two sub-elements and become for example, produced by injection molding. In the case described was the Linkage of the bracket 38 to the fastener 40 via a Hinge element 41, preferably realized by a film hinge. Of the Bow, which can be made of any material, but preferably designed to be elastic for better tension, can Of course, be articulated in any other known manner.

In addition to the described arrangement of the hollow body 3 to a steel reinforcement 28 or via a fixing system with fixing rods 29 is for certain Use cases a direct connection of the hollow body 3 to a Hollow mat advantageous. In Figures 11 and 12 is shown as through the lugs 3 attached tabs 42 a connection between the Hollow bodies 3 can be produced. The tabs 42 are over a Hinge element 44, which may be designed, for example, as a film hinge, on the hollow bodies 3 and thereby preferably on a flange 12 of the Hollow body 3 articulated so that they are in the direction of an adjacent Hollow body can be folded. At the adjacent hollow body 3 are corresponding to the flange 12 locking openings 43 are provided, in which the at the Latches 42 latched locking hooks 44 can snap to a solid To achieve connection between the hollow bodies 3. As shown in FIG. 18, it is particularly advantageous to mutually two tabs 42 and Rast openings 43 to provide adjacent hollow bodies 3, since this is a increased stability of the connected to the hollow body mat hollow body. 3 leads. Of course, at each hollow body 3 a plurality of be provided such elements to as many neighbors To connect hollow body with each other. The attached to the tab 42 Latch hook 45 is preferably designed as a snap spring element, wherein the the barb-forming part is designed resiliently to a possible solution of the connection.

In a further expedient embodiment can on the hollow bodies Locking elements in the form of latching hooks that project outward, or tangential or circumferential recesses provided in the manner of constrictions be that a clipping or clipping the hollow body elements to the reinforcing grid allow for the purpose of connecting the hollow body. Thereby additional aids for the connection can be avoided, since the Detent elements integrally formed on the hollow body elements as needed could be. But the locking elements can also separately on the hollow bodies be formed, for example, by hollow body openings are provided, in which the locking elements are pressed in like a plunger. For the connection of the locking elements to the reinforcing grid is also a clamp-like Training the ends of the locking elements.

Claims (9)

1. A device for producing reinforced concrete elements with hollow bodies embedded therein, in particular for producing floors and ceilings of concrete buildings, with spherical hollow bodies (3), which are placed on a mesh-like reinforcing grid (2, 28) in such a way that the hollow balls (3) extend in part through the mesh of the grid (2, 28), characterised in that the hollow bodies (3) are held secured against buoyancy on the reinforcing grid in that they are partly embedded in a flat concrete shell (1) and connected with the reinforcing grid (2, 28) or a planar structure bearing on the hollow bodies (3) to form a semi-finished product for producing floors or ceilings, the hollow bodies being embedded with the reinforcing grid in the flat concrete shell (1), which constitutes permanent formwork.
2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the hollow bodies (3) arranged above or below the reinforcing grid (2, 28) are connected directly to the reinforcing grid by connecting members, so securing them against buoyancy.
3. A device according to claim 2, characterised in that the reinforcing grid (2, 28) is connected by connecting members (5) to a further reinforcing grid (4) arranged on the hollow bodies (3).
4. A device according to claim 3, characterised in that the upper reinforcing grid (4) is attached, preferably adhered, by means of spacers (5) to the upper surface of the concrete shell (1).
5. A device according to claim 3, characterised in that the connecting members (5) of the reinforcing grids (2, 4) are partially embedded in the lower concrete shell, wherein the connecting members (5) hold the two reinforcing grids (2, 4) at the same spacing to form a cage-like structure, within which the hollow bodies (3) are trapped.
6. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the flat concrete shell serves as permanent formwork and exhibits a thickness in the range of from 4 to 7 cm, in particular 5 - 6 cm.
7. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that retaining elements are formed in the hollow bodies for anchoring in the concrete, which elements take the form in particular of pockets (8), groove-like necking (9), projections or the like.
8. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the hollow bodies (3) are provided with catch elements, with which the hollow bodies may be clipped to the reinforcing grid (2).
9. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the hollow bodies are connected to the reinforcing grid (2) by connecting members which preferably take the form of tension straps, barbed clips or clamps.

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