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EP1073837A1 - Soupape d'injection de carburant - Google Patents

Soupape d'injection de carburant

Info

Publication number
EP1073837A1
EP1073837A1 EP99957895A EP99957895A EP1073837A1 EP 1073837 A1 EP1073837 A1 EP 1073837A1 EP 99957895 A EP99957895 A EP 99957895A EP 99957895 A EP99957895 A EP 99957895A EP 1073837 A1 EP1073837 A1 EP 1073837A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
axis
plane
swirl
valve seat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99957895A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1073837B1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Mueller
Ralf Trutschel
Martin Buehner
Peter Land
Helmut Hennemann
Norbert Keim
Ulrich Klingner
Martin Andorfer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1073837A1 publication Critical patent/EP1073837A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1073837B1 publication Critical patent/EP1073837B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/162—Means to impart a whirling motion to fuel upstream or near discharging orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a fuel injection valve according to the preamble of claim 1, claim 13 and claim 14.
  • Fuel injection valve in which a fuel injection chamber is arranged downstream of a valve seat.
  • An axially movable valve needle interacts with the valve seat to open and close the valve and has a conical closing section in accordance with the contour of the valve seat.
  • an oblique swirl channel is provided on the outer circumference of the valve needle. The swirl channel opens into an annular swirl chamber which is formed between the valve needle and an outer valve housing. The fuel is led from this swirl chamber to the valve seat. From the valve seat following
  • Fuel injection chamber the fuel flows into an outlet opening, which begins slightly offset from the center of the bottom surface of the fuel injection chamber and runs downstream at an incline to the longitudinal axis of the valve.
  • the fuel injector according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 and claim 13 has the advantage that it is inexpensive to manufacture in a particularly simple manner.
  • the injection valve is particularly simple at its downstream end and can nevertheless be mounted very precisely.
  • very good atomization and a very precise spraying of the fuel e.g. reached directly into a cylinder of an internal combustion engine.
  • a particularly even front of the hosed spray is achieved.
  • single strands in the spray with great penetration depth and speed can be avoided.
  • swirling fuel is supplied to the valve seat in the valve seat element in an extremely short flow path.
  • This very short flow path is also guaranteed insofar as the outlet opening begins immediately at the end of the valve seat surface, avoiding any collecting spaces.
  • the disk-shaped swirl element according to claim 1 is structured in a very simple manner and is therefore easy to shape.
  • the swirl element has the task of generating a swirl or rotary movement in the fuel. Since the swirl element is a single component, no restrictions are to be expected when handling it in the manufacturing process.
  • Advantageous further developments and improvements of the fuel injector specified in claim 1 are possible through the measures listed in the subclaims.
  • one and the same can be disc-shaped
  • Swirl element can be used for both left-hand and right-hand swirl. By installing the swirl element either with the front or with the back facing the valve seat, this variation can be accomplished extremely easily.
  • an inner opening area can be created in the swirl element with the simplest means, which extends over the entire axial thickness of the swirl element and is surrounded by an outer peripheral edge area.
  • installation aids are advantageously formed on the outer circumference of the swirl element.
  • the modular structure of the guide, swirl and valve seat elements and the associated separation of functions has the advantage that the individual components are very flexible can be designed so that different sprays to be sprayed (spray angle, static spray quantity) can be generated by simply varying an element.
  • the fuel injector according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 13 has, in addition to the advantages already mentioned, the advantage that, due to the "skewed" arrangement of the outlet opening, swirling, finely atomized fuel sprays can be sprayed very specifically into particularly desired edge areas, for example of a cylinder, without, for example, a desired one Hollow cone distribution must be abandoned.
  • the fuel injector according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 14 has the advantage that specially desired special jet shapes of the sprayed fuel can be achieved in a simple manner. These are particularly desirable when certain difficult installation conditions prevail on the internal combustion engine or when very specific oblique but not rotationally symmetrical fuel sprays e.g. are to be injected into the cylinder of an internal combustion engine in the case of direct petrol injection. In this way, spray cones deviating from an ideal hollow cone are sprayed, in which there is a certain shading area. On the side of the shading area, the spray cone can appear to be cut off, which means e.g. wall wetting to be avoided on this side is effectively prevented.
  • FIG. 1 shows it Embodiment of a fuel injection valve
  • Figure 2a is a plan view of a central area of a valve seat element for a so-called "right-hand swirl valve”
  • Figure 2b is a plan view of a central area of a valve seat element for a
  • FIG. 2c shows a plan view of a central region of a valve seat element with a two-dimensional offset of the outlet opening
  • FIG. 3 shows a section along the line III-III in FIG. 2a
  • FIG. 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV in FIG 3 as a first exemplary embodiment according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment in a representation analogous to FIG. 4
  • FIG. 6 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment in a representation analogous to FIG. 4
  • FIG. 7 shows a simplified symbolic section through a spray cone, which according to FIG 5 and 6,
  • FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a disk-shaped swirl element in a plan view
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of a guide element in a
  • Figure 10 shows a second swirl element and Figure 11 shows a third swirl element.
  • the electromagnetically actuated valve in the form of an injection valve for fuel injection systems of spark-ignited internal combustion engines has a tubular, largely hollow cylindrical core 2, which is at least partially surrounded by a magnetic coil 1 and serves as the inner pole of a magnetic circuit.
  • the fuel injection valve is suitable especially as a high-pressure injection valve for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber Internal combustion engine.
  • a stepped coil body 3 made of plastic takes up the winding of the magnetic coil 1 and, in conjunction with the core 2 and an annular, non-magnetic intermediate part 4 with an L-shaped cross section partially surrounded by the magnetic coil 1, enables a particularly compact and short structure of the injection valve in the area of the magnetic coil 1.
  • a continuous longitudinal opening 7 is provided in the core 2 and extends along a longitudinal valve axis 8.
  • the core 2 of the magnetic circuit also serves as a fuel inlet connection, the longitudinal opening 7 representing a fuel supply channel.
  • a fuel filter 15 is provided on the inlet side, which filters out those fuel components which, because of their size, could cause blockages or damage in the injection valve.
  • the fuel filter 15 is, for. B. fixed by pressing in the core 2.
  • the core 2 forms with the housing part 14 the inlet-side end of the fuel injector, the upper housing part 14, for example, just extending beyond the magnetic coil 1 as seen downstream in the axial direction.
  • a lower tubular housing part 18 connects tightly and firmly, which, for. B. an axially movable valve part consisting of an armature 19 and a rod-shaped valve needle 20 or encloses or receives an elongated valve seat support 21.
  • the two housing parts 14 and 18 are, for. B. firmly connected to each other with a circumferential weld.
  • the lower housing part 18 and the largely tubular valve seat support 21 are firmly connected to each other by screwing; Welding, soldering or flanging are also possible joining methods.
  • the sealing between the housing part 18 and the valve seat support 21 is carried out, for. B. by means of a sealing ring 22.
  • the valve seat support 21 has an inner through opening 24 over its entire axial extent, which runs concentrically to the longitudinal axis 8 of the valve.
  • valve seat carrier 21 With its lower end 25, which also represents the downstream end of the entire fuel injection valve, the valve seat carrier 21 surrounds a disk-shaped valve seat element 26 fitted in the through opening 24 with a valve seat surface 27 that tapers in the shape of a cone downstream.
  • the z. B. rod-shaped, a largely circular cross-section valve needle 20 is arranged, which has a valve closing section 28 at its downstream end.
  • This, for example spherical or partially spherical or rounded or tapered valve closing section 28 interacts in a known manner with the valve seat surface 27 provided in the valve seat element 26.
  • An outlet opening 32 for the fuel is introduced in the valve seat element 26 downstream of the valve seat surface 27. In Figure 1 this is
  • Outlet opening 32 is only shown as a blind hole, since the sectional view in FIG. 1 is a central section through the fuel injection valve, but the outlet opening 32 has an obliquely inclined extension to the longitudinal valve axis 8, as illustrated in FIG. 2a.
  • the outlet opening 32 in FIG. 1 therefore either runs into the drawing plane or out of it.
  • the injection valve is actuated electromagnetically in a known manner.
  • a piezo actuator as an excitable actuating element is also conceivable.
  • Actuation via a controlled pressure-loaded piston is also conceivable.
  • the armature 19 is connected to the end of the valve needle 20 facing away from the valve closing section 28, for . B. connected by a weld and aligned to the core 2.
  • armature 8 serves on the one hand a guide opening 34 provided in the valve seat support 21 at the end facing the armature 19 and on the other hand a disk-shaped guide element 35 with a dimensionally accurate guide opening 55 arranged upstream of the valve seat element 26.
  • the armature 19 is surrounded by the intermediate part 4 during its axial movement.
  • Another disk-shaped element namely a swirl element 47, is arranged between the guide element 35 and the valve seat element 26, so that all three elements 35, 47 and 26 lie directly on top of one another and are accommodated in the valve seat carrier 21.
  • the three disc-shaped elements 35, 47 and 26 are, for example, firmly connected to one another in a materially integral manner.
  • An adjusting sleeve 38 inserted, pressed or screwed into the longitudinal opening 7 of the core 2 serves to adjust the spring preload of the return spring 33, which is located on the adjusting sleeve 38 with its upstream side and is supported with its opposite side on the armature 19 by means of a centering piece 39.
  • one or more bore-like flow channels 40 are provided, through which the fuel can pass from the longitudinal opening 7 in the core 2 via connecting channels 41 formed downstream of the flow channels 40 near the guide opening 34 in the valve seat carrier 21 and into the through opening 24.
  • the stroke of the valve needle 20 is predetermined by the installation position of the valve seat element 26.
  • An end position of the valve needle 20 is when the solenoid 1 is not excited by the contact of the valve closing section 28 on the
  • Valve seat surface 27 of the valve seat element 26 is fixed, while the other end position of the valve needle 20 results when the magnet coil 1 is excited due to the contact of the armature 19 on the downstream end face of the core 2.
  • the surfaces of the components in the latter stop area are chromed, for example.
  • the electrical contacting of the magnetic coil 1 and thus its excitation takes place via contact elements 43, which are provided outside of the coil former 3 with a plastic encapsulation 44.
  • the plastic encapsulation 44 can also extend over further components (eg housing parts 14 and 18) of the fuel injector.
  • An electrical connection cable 45 runs out of the plastic encapsulation 44, via which the energization of the magnet coil 1 takes place.
  • the plastic encapsulation 44 projects through the upper housing part 14, which is interrupted in this area.
  • FIG. 2a is a plan view of a central region of the valve seat element 26 for a so-called “right-hand swirl valve”.
  • the valve seat surface 27, with which the valve closing section 28 of the valve needle tapers, is formed concentrically to the longitudinal axis 8 of the valve within the central region
  • two axes 49, 50 which are perpendicular to one another and which span imaginary planes in their direction of extension, whereby at the intersection of the two axes 49, 50 and of the two imaginary vertical planes, the longitudinal valve axis 8.
  • the first axis 49 is the axis running horizontally in FIG. 2a
  • the second axis 50 is the axis running vertically in FIG.
  • the two axes 49, 50 run in FIG. 2a only vertically and horizontally for better clarification. However, you can also take any other position rotated by 360 °. The only decisive factor is their perpendicular position to one another and their intersection on the valve longitudinal axis 8.
  • the valve seat surface 27 forms a conical section in the valve seat element 26, which ends at its downstream end in a bottom region 51 (FIGS. 3 and 4) with a small diameter.
  • the lowest point of the base area 51 does not lie on the longitudinal valve axis 8, but is offset on one of the axes 49 or 50, in FIG. 2a there is an offset z to the axis 50.
  • the outlet opening 32 extends in the downstream direction.
  • the entry plane 52 of the exit opening 32 coincides with the base region 51 and is therefore also present with an offset z to the axis 50.
  • the center 54 of the entry plane 52 is on the axis 49.
  • the outlet opening 32 extends up to its outlet plane 53 parallel to the plane defined along the axis 50, but not parallel to the longitudinal valve axis 8. Rather, it runs
  • Outlet opening 32 inclined to the longitudinal axis 8 of the valve in the downstream direction away from it, the center 54 of the outlet plane 53 also having the same offset z to the axis 50 when the outlet plane 53 is projected into the plane of the inlet plane 52.
  • the geometry of the outlet opening 32 can be characterized as off-center and axially oblique.
  • Figures 3 and 4 clearly illustrate the geometry described. 3 shows a section along the line III-III in FIG. 2a, while FIG. 4 illustrates a section along the line IV-IV in FIG.
  • Figures 2a, 3 and 4 illustrate a first embodiment of this invention, in which the offset for the center axis 58 of the outlet opening 32 on which the two centers 54, 54 are v, to the axis 50 is smaller than the radius of the outlet opening 32.
  • the offset for the center axis 58 of the outlet opening 32 on which the two centers 54, 54 are v, to the axis 50 is smaller than the radius of the outlet opening 32.
  • FIGS. 2a and 4 clearly show that the right edge of the outlet opening 32, seen from the central axis 58, projects beyond the axis 50 or the valve longitudinal axis 8.
  • Another constructive feature of the outlet opening 32 is that when the entry plane 52 and the exit plane 53 are projected into one plane there is no overlap of the two planes 52, 53, as can be seen in FIGS. 2a and 3. This is indicated by a corresponding angle of inclination of the central axis 58 to the valve longitudinal axis 8 and the axial length of the
  • Exit opening 32 reached.
  • the outlet opening 32 ends, for example, in a convexly curved spray region 66.
  • swirl element 47 FIG. 11
  • FIG. 11 With a correspondingly selected swirl element 47 (FIG. 11), in combination with the valve seat element 26 shown in FIG. 2a, there is a so-called “right-hand swirl valve”.
  • outlet opening 32 is made mirrored about the axis 50 in the valve seat element 26, as shown in FIG. 2b as a second exemplary embodiment, a
  • Valve seat element 26 which together with an appropriately designed and upstream swirl element 47 (FIG. 10) results in a so-called “left-hand swirl valve”.
  • FIG. 2c shows a third exemplary embodiment which largely corresponds to that shown in FIG. 2a.
  • the entry plane 52 of the exit opening 32 is now two-dimensionally offset.
  • the center point 54 lies in this example Entry plane 52 also by an amount y to the axis 49.
  • Further exemplary embodiments, not shown, can be designed in such a way that the center 54 of the entry plane 52 lies at different points on the axis designated by the central axis 58.
  • the offset y should be small on both sides of the axis 49, so that the entry plane 52 still has a certain overlap with the axis 49, for example.
  • the axis 49 is set such that it in turn runs through the center point 54 and the valve longitudinal axis 8, it is found that the parallelism of the central axis 58 and axis 50 is eliminated.
  • the two-dimensional offset y, z therefore has the effect that the outlet opening 32 now runs “skewed”.
  • a swirl element 47 arranged upstream of the valve seat 27 is described in more detail with reference to FIG. 8.
  • swirling fuel is supplied to the cone section with the valve seat surface 27 in the valve seat element 26 in an extremely short flow path.
  • This very short flow path is also guaranteed insofar as the outlet opening 32 already begins directly at the end of the valve seat surface 27, avoiding any collecting spaces.
  • the guide element 35 has a dimensionally accurate inner guide opening 55 through which the valve needle 20 moves during its axial movement. From the outer circumference, the guide element 35 has a plurality of recesses 56 distributed over the circumference (see also FIG. 9), which guarantees a fuel flow along the outer circumference of the guide element 35 into the swirl element 47 and further towards the valve seat surface 27.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 show a fourth and a fifth exemplary embodiment in a sectional illustration analogous to FIG. 4. These examples differ only in the size of the displacement z of the example shown in Figures 2a, 3 and 4.
  • Outlet opening 32 on the axis 50 is offset so far from the axis 50 that the offset z is greater than the radius of the outlet opening 32.
  • FIG. 7 shows an idealized symbolic section through a spray cone 67, which arises when fuel is sprayed out of valves according to the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 5 and 6, a deviation from the rotational symmetry of a cone being present due to a certain shading area 68. On the side of the shading area 68, the spray cone 67 can appear to be cut off.
  • FIG. 8 shows a swirl element 47 embedded between guide element 35 and valve seat element 26 as a single component in a top view.
  • the Swirl element 47 can be produced inexpensively, for example by means of stamping, wire erosion, laser cutting, etching or other known methods from a sheet metal or by electrodeposition.
  • An inner opening region 90 is formed in the swirl element 47, which extends over the entire axial thickness of the swirl element 47.
  • the opening area 90 is formed by an inner swirl chamber 92, through which the valve closing section 28 of the valve needle 20 extends, and by a plurality of swirl channels 93 opening into the swirl chamber 92.
  • Swirl channels 93 open tangentially into the swirl chamber 92 and, with their ends 95 facing away from the swirl chamber 92, are not connected to the outer circumference of the swirl element 47. Rather, a peripheral edge region 96 remains between the ends 95 of the swirl channels 93 designed as inlet pockets and the outer circumference of the swirl element 47.
  • the swirl chamber 92 is delimited on the inside by the valve needle 20 (valve closing section 28) and on the outside by the wall of the opening area 90 of the swirl element 47. Due to the tangential confluence of the swirl channels 93 in the swirl chamber 92, the fuel receives an angular momentum which is maintained in the further flow up to the outlet opening 32. Due to the centrifugal force, the fuel is largely sprayed out in a hollow cone.
  • the ends 95 of the swirl channels 93 serve as collecting pockets, which form a large-area reservoir for the low-turbulence inflow of the fuel.
  • FIG. 9 shows an exemplary embodiment of a guide element 35, which, however, can also be used in many other embodiments.
  • the guide element 35 alternately has recesses 56 and tooth-like protruding areas 98 over its outer circumference.
  • the tooth-like areas 98 can be rounded, for example.
  • the guide element 35 is produced, for example, by stamping.
  • the recess bases 99 are inclined, so that the recess bases 99 advantageously run perpendicular to the axes of the swirl channels 93 of the swirl element 47 below.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 are intended to indicate that it is possible at any time to equip a fuel injector according to the invention with a swirl element 47 which generates either a left-hand swirl or a right-hand swirl.
  • the valve seat elements 26 are to be varied with differently oriented outlet openings 32, as shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
  • one and the same disc-shaped swirl element 47 can be used for both left-hand and right-hand swirl.
  • the swirl element 47 according to FIG. 11 is only the mirrored swirl element 47 according to FIG. 10 or placed on the back.
  • Installation aids 100 molded. These installation aids 100 can for example have the form of notches, grooves or other depressions, of flats or also of protruding lugs or other elevations.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une soupape d'injection de carburant, notamment une soupape d'injection haute pression pour l'injection directe de carburant dans une chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne, à allumage commandé et à compression du mélange. Cette soupape est caractérisée en ce qu'une section conique présentant une surface de siège de soupape (27) et prolongée directement en aval par un orifice de sortie (32) est formée sur un élément siège de soupape (26). Cet orifice de sortie présente un plan d'entrée (52), un plan de sortie (53) et un axe central (58). Le centre (54) du plan d'entrée (52) est décalé par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de soupape (8), et l'axe central (58) est incliné par rapport à ce dernier. Placé en amont de l'élément siège de soupape (26), un élément en forme de disque (47), provoquant un tourbillonnement, peut servir à créer un tourbillonnement aussi bien vers la droite que vers la gauche.
EP99957895A 1999-02-24 1999-10-13 Soupape d'injection de carburant Expired - Lifetime EP1073837B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19907897 1999-02-24
DE19907897A DE19907897A1 (de) 1999-02-24 1999-02-24 Brennstoffeinspritzventil
PCT/DE1999/003284 WO2000050765A1 (fr) 1999-02-24 1999-10-13 Soupape d'injection de carburant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1073837A1 true EP1073837A1 (fr) 2001-02-07
EP1073837B1 EP1073837B1 (fr) 2005-03-16

Family

ID=7898655

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99957895A Expired - Lifetime EP1073837B1 (fr) 1999-02-24 1999-10-13 Soupape d'injection de carburant

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6494388B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1073837B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002538358A (fr)
KR (1) KR100744439B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19907897A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2239088C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000050765A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
KR100744439B1 (ko) 2007-08-01
DE59911766D1 (de) 2005-04-21
WO2000050765A1 (fr) 2000-08-31
RU2239088C2 (ru) 2004-10-27
EP1073837B1 (fr) 2005-03-16
JP2002538358A (ja) 2002-11-12
DE19907897A1 (de) 2000-08-31
US6494388B1 (en) 2002-12-17
KR20010042942A (ko) 2001-05-25

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