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EP1068475A1 - Method of combustion or gasification in a circulating fluidized bed - Google Patents

Method of combustion or gasification in a circulating fluidized bed

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Publication number
EP1068475A1
EP1068475A1 EP00901114A EP00901114A EP1068475A1 EP 1068475 A1 EP1068475 A1 EP 1068475A1 EP 00901114 A EP00901114 A EP 00901114A EP 00901114 A EP00901114 A EP 00901114A EP 1068475 A1 EP1068475 A1 EP 1068475A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
solids
chamber
fluidized bed
dechlorination
separator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00901114A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1068475B1 (en
Inventor
Werner-Friedrich Staab
Wolfgang Pauly
Niels Henriksen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
MG Technologies AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG, MG Technologies AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Publication of EP1068475A1 publication Critical patent/EP1068475A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1068475B1 publication Critical patent/EP1068475B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/48—Preventing corrosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
    • F23C2206/103—Cooling recirculating particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/50—Fluidised bed furnace
    • F23G2203/501—Fluidised bed furnace with external recirculation of entrained bed material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for burning or gasifying combustible material containing material in the circulating fluidized bed, a swirl chamber for combustion or gasification, a solid separator connected to the upper region of the swirl chamber, a return of solids accumulating in the solid separator to the swirl chamber and a cooling device for indirect cooling of solids that come from the solids separator, the cooling device containing a plurality of fluidized beds that are traversed by the solids one after the other.
  • a method of this type is known from WO 97/46829 AI.
  • the cooling device is an uncooled fluidized bed upstream, the exhaust gases of which are fed directly into the combustion. This measure is intended to reduce the chloride concentration in the solids to be cooled.
  • the chlorides are responsible for aggressive corrosion attacks on the cooling devices.
  • the known blowing through of the fluidized bed, especially in unfavorable cases, is not suitable for reducing the chloride concentration in the solids to be cooled sufficiently to ensure the desired protection against corrosion.
  • the invention has for its object to treat the hot solids coming from the solids separator so that their corrosiveness in the cooling device disappears completely or almost. According to the invention, this is achieved in the process mentioned at the outset in that the first fluidized bed, into which the hot solids coming from the solids separator are first led, is located in a dechlorination chamber, the fluidization gas being in the dechlorination chamber at temperatures of the solids in the range from 700 to 1100.degree and at least one of the dechlorination additives
  • Various aluminum silicates e.g. B. proven kaolinite.
  • Activated silicates e.g. commercially available ICA 5000 are also very suitable.
  • B. is achieved by boiling in sodium hydroxide solution. You can also use waste materials inexpensively, e.g. B. chloride-free sewage sludge or contaminated soil in which these additives are contained.
  • the reactivity of the silicates, aluminum silicates or the activated silicates is essentially based on the hydroxyl groups on the silicon.
  • These additives bind the alkalis and metals in the hot solids, so that chlorine is released as HC1, which is less corrosive than z.
  • These solid additives are usually added to the fluidized bed in powder form, the mean grain sizes d * o being approximately in the range from 50 to 500 ⁇ m. It is also possible for the solid additives to be introduced early into the hot solid feed line.
  • Gaseous S0 2 is particularly suitable for reacting with vaporous alkali chloride or metal chloride and thereby forming sulfates and HCl in the presence of molecular oxygen.
  • the released HC1 is driven out of the dechlorination chamber with the fluidizing gas.
  • Sulphates are not or hardly corrosive and can with the ash removed from the process z. B. be deposited.
  • the S0 2 may also be introduced by sulfur-containing materials, which release at the high temperatures in the dechlorination chamber S0 2 or S0 release in an oxidizing atmosphere. 2
  • the fluidized bed in the dechlorination chamber can work with or without indirect cooling; Usually this fluidized bed will be kept free from indirect cooling.
  • the remaining fluidized beds in the cooling device contain heat exchangers through which liquid, gaseous or vaporous coolants flow. By removing or at least reducing the corrosiveness of the hot solids, you can keep the temperature in the hottest fluidized bed high, which z. B. steam overheating benefits.
  • the material to be burned or gasified can be of different types.
  • the material to be burned or gasified is fed through the line (1) into the fluidized bed (2), which belongs to a circulating fluidized bed. With the upper area of the swirl chamber (2) is therefore through the channel (3) Solid separator (4) connected, which is z. B. is a cyclone. Partially dedusted gas is drawn off in line (5) and it will be fed to a cooling and cleaning unit, not shown, which is known per se. Part of the solids accumulating in the separator (4) is fed back into the swirl chamber (2) through the return line (6) via a siphon (7). The flow in the siphon is controlled by a fluidizing gas flow which is introduced in line (7a).
  • the swirl chamber (2) In the lower area of the swirl chamber (2) there is a grate (8) from which oxygen-containing fluidizing gas flows upwards into the chamber.
  • the fluidizing gas comes from the line (9) and first enters a distribution chamber (10) before it flows through the grate (8). Ash is removed from the chamber (2) through the extractor (11).
  • the material to be burned or gasified can be various types of granular solids with flammable constituents, and liquid or pasty substances can also be added.
  • the temperatures in the swirl chamber (2) are usually in the range from 700 to 1100 ° C and preferably 800 to 1050 ° C. Due to the fluidizing gas, part of the solids is constantly led through the channel (3) to the separator (4).
  • the amount of solids that is returned through the return line (6) to the swirl chamber (2) is usually at least 5 times the amount of solids per hour that is in the swirl chamber (2) on average.
  • the cooling device (15) has a dechlorination chamber (16) and three cooling chambers (16a), (16b) and (16c).
  • the cooling chambers contain heat exchangers (17) and (18) for indirect cooling of the solids, which are there as fluidized beds (21), (22) and (23).
  • Weir-like chamber walls (21a), (22a) and (23a) are located between the beds, fluidizing gas is supplied through lines (21b), (22b) and (23b).
  • the fluidizing gas can e.g. B. is air.
  • the dechlorination chamber (16) has a feed line (20a) for fluidizing gas (e.g. air), the gas of which flows through a grate (20b) into a fluidized bed (20) and then first into the gas space above the fluidized bed (20) (25) arrives.
  • a gas space is also located above the other fluidized beds (21), (22) and (23).
  • the gas is discharged through a manifold (26) which opens into the swirl chamber (2) and also carries the exhaust gas of the cooled fluidized beds (21), (22) and (23) with it.
  • the dechlorination chamber (16) can have its own gas discharge line (26a), which is shown in broken lines.
  • the dechlorination chamber (16) is provided with a supply line (27) for solid additives and with a supply line (28) for gaseous additives.
  • the gaseous additives can also be supplied in whole or in part through line (28a).
  • Solid additives are silicates, aluminum silicates and / or activated silicates or mixtures which contain at least one of these additives.
  • the gaseous additive used is gaseous SO 2 or other sulfur-containing materials which release SO 2 in an oxidizing atmosphere. It is important that the content of alkali and metal chlorides, which are brought in with the hot solids through line (14), is largely reduced by the additives.
  • the solids which leave the dechlorination chamber (16) via the weir-like wall (21a) and pass into the fluidized bed (21) have at most 20% of the alkali metal and metal chloride content present in the solids of the line ( 14) is present.
  • the cooled solids which have partially given up their heat in the cooling device (15), wherein as a coolant z. B. boiler feed water or steam are used through the line (30) back into the swirl chamber (2). Some of the cooled solids can also be removed from the process, which is not shown in the drawing.
  • a mixture of 121,000 kg of granular coal and 41,000 kg of straw is heated at one temperature in the swirl chamber (2) burned from 850 ° C. 16200 kg / h of ash with a chlorine content of 0.002% by weight are passed through line (14) into the dechlorination chamber (16), which has a base area of 1.5 ⁇ 0.8 m and a height of 1.6 m .
  • the height of the fluidized bed (20) is 1 m.
  • the chamber (16) is fed as a solid additive of 23 kg / h of the activated silicate ICA 2000 (manufacturer: ICA Chemie, A-3384 Gross-Sierning) and as a gaseous additive S0 2 through lines (27) and (28) , a concentration of 30 ppm S0 2 being established in the gas space (25).
  • the ash cooled to 720 ° C. is drawn off through line (30) and led back into the swirl chamber (2).
  • the treatment in the dechlorination chamber (16) reduces the chlorine content in the solids to 10% of the initial content.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Abstract

According to the invention a material containing combustible components is burned or gasified in a circulating fluidized bed comprising a turbulence chamber (2), a solids separator (4) connected to the upper area of the turbulence chamber, a return line (6) leading from the solids separator to the turbulence chamber and a cooling device (15) for the indirect cooling of solids arriving from the solids separator. The cooling device comprises several fluidized beds (21, 22, 23) through which the solids pass one after the other. The first fluidized bed (20), into which the hot solids arriving from the solids separator are introduced first, is situated in a dechlorinating chamber (16). Fluidizing gas and at least one of the following dechlorinating additives: a) gaseous SO2 or a material which contains sulfur and releases SO2 in an oxidizing atmosphere, b) silicates and aluminium silicates, c) activated silicate, or d) other alkali-binding and HCl-releasing additives, are also introduced into the dechlorinating chamber in at least stoichiometric quantities so as to convert the alkali and metal chlorides contained in the arriving solids.

Description

Verfahren zum Verbrennen oder Vergasen in der zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht Process for combustion or gasification in the circulating fluidized bed
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen oder Vergasen von brennbare Bestandteile enthaltendem Material in der zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht, die eine Wirbelkammer für die Verbrennung oder Vergasung, einen mit dem oberen Bereich der Wirbelkammer verbundenen Feststoffabscheider, eine Rückführung von im Feststoffabscheider anfallenden Feststoffen zur Wirbelkammer und eine Kühleinrichtung zum indirekten Kühlen von Feststoffen, die vom Feststoffabscheider kommen, aufweist, wobei die Kühleinrichtung mehrere Wirbelbetten enthält, die von den Feststoffen nacheinander durchwandert werden.The invention relates to a method for burning or gasifying combustible material containing material in the circulating fluidized bed, a swirl chamber for combustion or gasification, a solid separator connected to the upper region of the swirl chamber, a return of solids accumulating in the solid separator to the swirl chamber and a cooling device for indirect cooling of solids that come from the solids separator, the cooling device containing a plurality of fluidized beds that are traversed by the solids one after the other.
Ein Verfahren dieser Art ist aus WO 97/46829 AI bekannt. Hierbei ist der Kühleinrichtung ein ungekühltes Wirbelbett vorgeschaltet, dessen Abgase direkt in die Verbrennung geführt werden. Durch diese Maßnahme soll die Chloridkonzentration in den zu kühlenden Feststoffen verringert werden. Die Chloride sind für aggressive Korrosionsangriffe an den Kühleinrichtungen verantwortlich. Das bekannte Durchblasen des Wirbelbettes ist vor allem in ungünstigen Fällen nicht geeignet, die Chloridkonzentration in den zu kühlenden Feststoffen ausreichend abzusenken, um den erwünschten Schutz vor Korrosion zu gewährleisten. Besonders korrosiv wirken z. B. KCl-Anbackungen auf Kühlrohren.A method of this type is known from WO 97/46829 AI. Here, the cooling device is an uncooled fluidized bed upstream, the exhaust gases of which are fed directly into the combustion. This measure is intended to reduce the chloride concentration in the solids to be cooled. The chlorides are responsible for aggressive corrosion attacks on the cooling devices. The known blowing through of the fluidized bed, especially in unfavorable cases, is not suitable for reducing the chloride concentration in the solids to be cooled sufficiently to ensure the desired protection against corrosion. Particularly corrosive B. KCl caking on cooling tubes.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die heißen, vom Feststoffabscheider kommenden Feststoffe so zu behandeln, daß ihre Korrosivität in der Kühleinrichtung ganz oder nahezu verschwindet. Erfindungsgemäß gelingt dies beim eingangs genannten Verfahren dadurch, daß sich das erste Wirbelbett, in welches man die vom Feststoffabscheider kommenden heißen Feststoffe zuerst leitet, in einer Entchlorungskammer befindet, wobei man in die Entchlorungskammer bei Temperaturen der Feststoffe im Bereich von 700 bis 1100°C Fluidisierungsgas und mindestens eines der EntchlorungsadditiveThe invention has for its object to treat the hot solids coming from the solids separator so that their corrosiveness in the cooling device disappears completely or almost. According to the invention, this is achieved in the process mentioned at the outset in that the first fluidized bed, into which the hot solids coming from the solids separator are first led, is located in a dechlorination chamber, the fluidization gas being in the dechlorination chamber at temperatures of the solids in the range from 700 to 1100.degree and at least one of the dechlorination additives
a) gasförmiges S02 oder schwefelhaltiges Material, das in oxidierender Atmosphäre S02 freisetzt, b) Silikate, Aluminiumsilikate c) aktiviertes Silikat oder d) andere alkalibindende und HC1 freisetzende Additive in mindestens stöchiometrischer Menge zum Umsetzen der in den zugeführten Feststoffen enthaltenen Alkali- und Metall- Chloriden einleitet.a) gaseous S0 2 or sulfur-containing material that releases S0 2 in an oxidizing atmosphere, b) silicates, aluminum silicates c) activated silicate or d) other alkali-binding and HC1-releasing additives initiates in at least a stoichiometric amount to react the alkali and metal chlorides contained in the solids supplied.
Als feste Additive haben sich verschiedene Aluminium- Silikate, z. B. Kaolinit bewährt. Ebenfalls gut geeignet sind aktivierte Silikate (z. B. handelsübliches ICA 5000), wobei die Aktivierung z. B. durch Kochen in Natronlauge erreicht ist. Kostengünstig verwenden kann man auch Abfallstoffe, z. B. chloridfreie Klärschlämme oder kontaminierte Böden, in denen diese Additive enthalten sind.Various aluminum silicates, e.g. B. proven kaolinite. Activated silicates (e.g. commercially available ICA 5000) are also very suitable. B. is achieved by boiling in sodium hydroxide solution. You can also use waste materials inexpensively, e.g. B. chloride-free sewage sludge or contaminated soil in which these additives are contained.
Die Reaktionsfähigkeit der Silikate, Aluminium-Silikate oder der aktivierten Silikate beruht im wesentlichen auf den Hydroxyl-Gruppen am Silicium. Diese Additive binden die Alkalien und Metalle in den heißen Feststoffen, so daß Chlor als HC1 freigesetzt wird, welches weniger korrosiv ist als z. B. Alkali- oder Metallchloride. Üblicherweise gibt man diese festen Additive pulverförmig in das Wirbelbett, wobei die mittleren Korngrößen d*o etwa im Bereich vom 50 bis 500 μm liegen. Eine vorgezogene Aufgabe der festen Additive in die Zufuhrleitung der heißen Feststoffe ist ebenfalls möglich.The reactivity of the silicates, aluminum silicates or the activated silicates is essentially based on the hydroxyl groups on the silicon. These additives bind the alkalis and metals in the hot solids, so that chlorine is released as HC1, which is less corrosive than z. B. alkali or metal chlorides. These solid additives are usually added to the fluidized bed in powder form, the mean grain sizes d * o being approximately in the range from 50 to 500 μm. It is also possible for the solid additives to be introduced early into the hot solid feed line.
Gasförmiges S02 ist vor allem geeignet, um mit dampfförmigem Alkalichlorid oder Metallchlorid zu reagieren und dabei in Gegenwart von molekularem Sauerstoff Sulfate und HCl zu bilden. Das freigesetzte HC1 wird mit dem Fluidisierungsgas aus der Entchlorungskammer ausgetrieben. Sulfate sind nicht oder kaum korrosiv und können mit der aus dem Verfahren abgezogenen Asche z. B. deponiert werden. Man kann S02 in den Gasraum in einer molaren Konzentration vom 0,25- bis ca. 6-fachen der Konzentration des freigesetzten HCl geben. Das S02 kann auch durch schwefelhaltige Materialien eingebracht werden, die bei den hohen Temperaturen in der Entchlorungskammer S02 abgeben oder in oxidierender Atmosphäre S02 freisetzen.Gaseous S0 2 is particularly suitable for reacting with vaporous alkali chloride or metal chloride and thereby forming sulfates and HCl in the presence of molecular oxygen. The released HC1 is driven out of the dechlorination chamber with the fluidizing gas. Sulphates are not or hardly corrosive and can with the ash removed from the process z. B. be deposited. You can give S0 2 in the gas space in a molar concentration of 0.25 to about 6 times the concentration of the released HCl. The S0 2 may also be introduced by sulfur-containing materials, which release at the high temperatures in the dechlorination chamber S0 2 or S0 release in an oxidizing atmosphere. 2
Das Wirbelbett in der Entchlorungskammer kann mit oder ohne indirekte Kühlung arbeiten; üblicherweise wird man dieses Wirbelbett frei von einer indirekten Kühlung halten. Die übrigen Wirbelbetten in der Kühleinrichtung enthalten von flüssigen, gas- oder dampfförmigen Kühlmitteln durchströmte Wärmetauscher. Durch die Beseitigung oder zumindest Verringerung der Korrosivität der heißen Feststoffe kann man die Temperatur im heißesten Wirbelbett hoch halten, was z. B. der Dampfüberhitzung zugute kommt.The fluidized bed in the dechlorination chamber can work with or without indirect cooling; Usually this fluidized bed will be kept free from indirect cooling. The remaining fluidized beds in the cooling device contain heat exchangers through which liquid, gaseous or vaporous coolants flow. By removing or at least reducing the corrosiveness of the hot solids, you can keep the temperature in the hottest fluidized bed high, which z. B. steam overheating benefits.
Das zu verbrennende oder zu vergasende Material kann von unterschiedlicher Art sein, es kann sich dabei z. B. um Kohle, Braunkohle, Biomassen (z. B. Holz oder Stroh), feste und/oder flüssige Abfallstoffe oder Klärschlamm handeln, wobei auch mehrere dieser vorgenannten Materialien gemischt sein können.The material to be burned or gasified can be of different types. B. coal, lignite, biomass (z. B. wood or straw), solid and / or liquid waste or sewage sludge, and several of these materials can be mixed.
Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten des Verfahrens werden mit Hilfe der Zeichnung erläutert. Die Zeichnung zeigt ein Fließschema des Verfahrens.Design options of the method are explained with the aid of the drawing. The drawing shows a flow diagram of the process.
Man gibt das zu verbrennende oder zu vergasende Material durch die Leitung (1) in die Wirbelkammer (2), die zu einer zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht gehört. Mit dem oberen Bereich der Wirbelkammer (2) ist deshalb durch den Kanal (3) ein Feststoffabscheider (4) verbunden, bei dem es sich z. B. um einen Zyklon handelt. Teilweise entstaubtes Gas zieht man in der Leitung (5) ab und wird es einer nicht dargestellten, an sich bekannten Kühlung und Reinigung zuführen. Ein Teil der im Abscheider (4) anfallenden Feststoffe wird durch die Rückführleitung (6) über einen Syphon (7) zurück in die Wirbelkammer (2) geführt. Der Durchfluß im Syphon wird durch einen Wirbelgasstrom gesteuert, der in der Leitung (7a) herangeführt wird.The material to be burned or gasified is fed through the line (1) into the fluidized bed (2), which belongs to a circulating fluidized bed. With the upper area of the swirl chamber (2) is therefore through the channel (3) Solid separator (4) connected, which is z. B. is a cyclone. Partially dedusted gas is drawn off in line (5) and it will be fed to a cooling and cleaning unit, not shown, which is known per se. Part of the solids accumulating in the separator (4) is fed back into the swirl chamber (2) through the return line (6) via a siphon (7). The flow in the siphon is controlled by a fluidizing gas flow which is introduced in line (7a).
Im unteren Bereich der Wirbelkammer (2) befindet sich ein Rost (8), von dem aus sauerstoffhaltiges Fluidisierungsgas aufwärts in die Kammer strömt. Das Fluidisierungsgas kommt aus der Leitung (9) und tritt zunächst in eine Verteilkammer (10) ein, bevor es durch den Rost (8) strömt. Asche wird durch den Abzug (11) aus der Kammer (2) entfernt.In the lower area of the swirl chamber (2) there is a grate (8) from which oxygen-containing fluidizing gas flows upwards into the chamber. The fluidizing gas comes from the line (9) and first enters a distribution chamber (10) before it flows through the grate (8). Ash is removed from the chamber (2) through the extractor (11).
Bei dem zu verbrennenden oder zu vergasenden Material kann es sich um verschiedenartige körnige Feststoffe mit brennbaren Bestandteilen handeln, auch können flüssige oder teigige Stoffe zugegeben sein. Die Temperaturen in der Wirbelkammer (2) liegen üblicherweise im Bereich von 700 bis 1100°C und vorzugsweise 800 bis 1050°C. Durch das Wirbelgas wird ständig ein Teil der Feststoffe durch den Kanal (3) zum Abscheider (4) geführt. Die Menge der Feststoffe, die man durch die Rückführleitung (6) in die Wirbelkammer (2) zurückführt, beträgt üblicherweise stündlich mindestens die 5-fache Menge der Feststoffe, die sich durchschnittlich in der Wirbelkammer (2) befindet. Ein Teil der im Abscheider (4) anfallenden heißen Feststoffe, die Temperaturen im Bereich von 700 bis 1100°C und zumeist 800 bis 1050°C aufweisen, werden durch die Leitung (14) einer Kühleinrichtung (15) zugeführt. Im vorliegenden Fall weist die Kühleinrichtung (15) eine Entchlorungskammer (16) und drei Kühlkammern (16a), (16b) und (16c) auf. Die Kühlkammern enthalten Wärmeaustauscher (17) und (18) zur indirekten Kühlung der Feststoffe, die dort als Wirbelbetten (21), (22) und (23) vorhanden sind. Zwischen den Betten befinden sich wehrartige Kammerwände (21a) , (22a) und (23a) , Fluidisierungsgas wird durch Leitungen (21b), (22b) und (23b) zugeführt. Bei dem Fluidisierungsgas kann es sich z. B. um Luft handeln.The material to be burned or gasified can be various types of granular solids with flammable constituents, and liquid or pasty substances can also be added. The temperatures in the swirl chamber (2) are usually in the range from 700 to 1100 ° C and preferably 800 to 1050 ° C. Due to the fluidizing gas, part of the solids is constantly led through the channel (3) to the separator (4). The amount of solids that is returned through the return line (6) to the swirl chamber (2) is usually at least 5 times the amount of solids per hour that is in the swirl chamber (2) on average. Some of the hot solids obtained in the separator (4), which have temperatures in the range from 700 to 1100 ° C and mostly 800 to 1050 ° C, are fed through the line (14) to a cooling device (15). In the present case, the cooling device (15) has a dechlorination chamber (16) and three cooling chambers (16a), (16b) and (16c). The cooling chambers contain heat exchangers (17) and (18) for indirect cooling of the solids, which are there as fluidized beds (21), (22) and (23). Weir-like chamber walls (21a), (22a) and (23a) are located between the beds, fluidizing gas is supplied through lines (21b), (22b) and (23b). The fluidizing gas can e.g. B. is air.
Die Entchlorungskammer (16) weist eine Zufuhrleitung (20a) für Fluidisierungsgas (z. B. Luft) auf, deren Gas durch einen Rost (20b) in ein Wirbelbett (20) strömt und dann zunächst in den über dem Wirbelbett (20) befindlichen Gasraum (25) gelangt. Ein Gasraum befindet sich auch über den anderen Wirbelbetten (21), (22) und (23). Die Gasableitung erfolgt durch eine Sammelleitung (26) , welche in die Wirbelkammer (2) mündet und dabei auch das Abgas der gekühlten Wirbelbetten (21), (22) und (23) mit sich führt. Alternativ kann die Entchlorungskammer (16) eine eigene Gasableitung (26a) aufweisen, die gestrichelt eingezeichnet ist.The dechlorination chamber (16) has a feed line (20a) for fluidizing gas (e.g. air), the gas of which flows through a grate (20b) into a fluidized bed (20) and then first into the gas space above the fluidized bed (20) (25) arrives. A gas space is also located above the other fluidized beds (21), (22) and (23). The gas is discharged through a manifold (26) which opens into the swirl chamber (2) and also carries the exhaust gas of the cooled fluidized beds (21), (22) and (23) with it. Alternatively, the dechlorination chamber (16) can have its own gas discharge line (26a), which is shown in broken lines.
Um die Korrosivität der in der Leitung (14) herangeführten heißen Feststoffe auf ein Minimum zu senken, ist die Entchlorungskammer (16) mit einer Zufuhrleitung (27) für Feststoff-Additive und mit einer Zufuhrleitung (28) für gasförmige Additive versehen. Die gasförmigen Additive können ganz oder teilweise auch durch die Leitung (28a) zugeführt werden. Feststoff-Additive sind Silikate, Aluminiumsilikate und/oder aktivierte Silikate oder Gemische, die mindestens eines dieser Additive enthalten. Als gasförmiges Additiv verwendet man gasförmiges S02 oder andere schwefelhaltige Materialien, die in oxidierender Atmosphäre S02 freisetzen. Wichtig ist, daß man den Gehalt an Alkali- und Metall-Chloriden, die mit den heißen Feststoffen durch die Leitung (14) herangeführt werden, durch die Additive weitgehend verringert. Vorzugsweise weisen die Feststoffe, die über die wehrartige Wand (21a) die Entchlorungskammer (16) verlassen und in das Wirbelbett (21) übergehen, höchstens noch 20 % des Gehalts an Alkali- und Metall-Chloriden auf, der in den Feststoffen der Leitung (14) vorliegt.In order to minimize the corrosiveness of the hot solids introduced in the line (14), the dechlorination chamber (16) is provided with a supply line (27) for solid additives and with a supply line (28) for gaseous additives. The gaseous additives can also be supplied in whole or in part through line (28a). Solid additives are silicates, aluminum silicates and / or activated silicates or mixtures which contain at least one of these additives. The gaseous additive used is gaseous SO 2 or other sulfur-containing materials which release SO 2 in an oxidizing atmosphere. It is important that the content of alkali and metal chlorides, which are brought in with the hot solids through line (14), is largely reduced by the additives. The solids which leave the dechlorination chamber (16) via the weir-like wall (21a) and pass into the fluidized bed (21) have at most 20% of the alkali metal and metal chloride content present in the solids of the line ( 14) is present.
Die gekühlten Feststoffe, die in der Kühleinrichtung (15) ihre Wärme teilweise abgegeben haben, wobei als Kühlmittel z. B. Kesselspeisewasser oder Wasserdampf verwendet wird, werden durch die Leitung (30) zurück in die Wirbelkammer (2) geführt. Ein Teil der gekühlten Feststoffe kann auch aus dem Verfahren entfernt werden, was in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt ist. The cooled solids, which have partially given up their heat in the cooling device (15), wherein as a coolant z. B. boiler feed water or steam are used through the line (30) back into the swirl chamber (2). Some of the cooled solids can also be removed from the process, which is not shown in the drawing.
Beispielexample
In einer der Zeichnung entsprechenden Anlage, die allerdings neben der Entchlorungskammer (16) nur zwei Kühlkammern (16a) und (16b) aufweist, werden in der Wirbelkammer (2) pro Stunde eine Mischung aus 121000 kg körniger Kohle und 41000 kg Stroh bei einer Temperatur von 850°C verbrannt. Durch die Leitung (14) gibt man 16200 kg/h Asche mit einem Chlorgehalt von 0,002 Gew.-% in die Entchlorungskammer (16), die eine Grundfläche von 1,5 x 0,8 m und eine Höhe von 1,6 m hat. Die Höhe des Wirbelbettes (20) beträgt 1 m. Der Kammer (16) führt man als Feststoff- Additiv 23 kg/h des aktivierten Silikats ICA 2000 (Hersteller: ICA Chemie, A-3384 Gross-Sierning) und als gasförmiges Additiv S02 durch die Leitungen (27) beziehungsweise (28) zu, wobei sich im Gasraum (25) eine Konzentration von 30 ppm S02 einstellt. Aus der Kühlkammer (16b) zieht man die auf 720°C gekühlte Asche durch die Leitung (30) ab und führt sie zurück in die Wirbelkammer (2). Durch die Behandlung in der Entchlorungskammer (16) wird der Chlorgehalt in den Feststoffen auf 10 % des Anfangsgehalts reduziert. In a plant corresponding to the drawing, which, however, in addition to the dechlorination chamber (16) has only two cooling chambers (16a) and (16b), a mixture of 121,000 kg of granular coal and 41,000 kg of straw is heated at one temperature in the swirl chamber (2) burned from 850 ° C. 16200 kg / h of ash with a chlorine content of 0.002% by weight are passed through line (14) into the dechlorination chamber (16), which has a base area of 1.5 × 0.8 m and a height of 1.6 m . The height of the fluidized bed (20) is 1 m. The chamber (16) is fed as a solid additive of 23 kg / h of the activated silicate ICA 2000 (manufacturer: ICA Chemie, A-3384 Gross-Sierning) and as a gaseous additive S0 2 through lines (27) and (28) , a concentration of 30 ppm S0 2 being established in the gas space (25). From the cooling chamber (16b), the ash cooled to 720 ° C. is drawn off through line (30) and led back into the swirl chamber (2). The treatment in the dechlorination chamber (16) reduces the chlorine content in the solids to 10% of the initial content.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1.Verfahren zum Verbrennen oder Vergasen von brennbare Bestandteile enthaltendem Material in der zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht, die eine Wirbelkammer für die Verbrennung oder Vergasung, einen mit dem oberen Bereich der Wirbelkammer verbundenen Feststoffabscheider, eine Rückführung von im Feststoffabscheider anfallenden Feststoffen zur Wirbelkammer und eine Kühleinrichtung zum indirekten Kühlen von Feststoffen, die vom Feststoffabscheider kommen, aufweist, wobei die Kühleinrichtung mehrere Wirbelbetten enthält, die von den Feststoffen nacheinander durchwandert werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich das erste Wirbelbett, in welches man die vom Feststoffabscheider kommenden heißen Feststoffe zuerst leitet, in einer Entchlorungskammer befindet, wobei man in die Entchlorungskammer bei Temperaturen der Feststoffe im Bereich von 700 bis 1100°C Fluidisierungsgas und mindestens eines der Entchlorungs- Additive1.Procedure for burning or gasifying combustible material containing material in the circulating fluidized bed, which includes a swirl chamber for combustion or gasification, a solid separator connected to the upper region of the swirl chamber, a return of solids accumulating in the solid separator to the swirl chamber and a cooling device for indirect Cooling of solids, which come from the solids separator, wherein the cooling device contains a plurality of fluidized beds, which are traversed by the solids in succession, characterized in that the first fluidized bed, into which the hot solids coming from the solids separator are first led, is in a dechlorination chamber is located in the dechlorination chamber at temperatures of the solids in the range of 700 to 1100 ° C fluidizing gas and at least one of the dechlorination additives
a) gasförmiges SO oder schwefelhaltiges Material, das in oxidierender Atmosphäre S02 freisetzt, b) Silikate und Aluminiumsilikate, c) aktiviertes Silikat oder d) andere alkalibindende und HC1 freisetzende Additivea) gaseous SO or sulfur-containing material that releases S0 2 in an oxidizing atmosphere, b) silicates and aluminum silicates, c) activated silicate or d) other alkali-binding and HC1-releasing additives
in mindestens stöchiometrischer Menge zum Umsetzen der in den zugeführten Feststoffen enthaltenen Alkali- und Metall-Choriden einleitet. initiates in at least a stoichiometric amount to convert the alkali and metal chorides contained in the solids supplied.
2.Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Wirbelbett in der Entchlorungskammer frei von einer indirekten Kühlung ist.2.The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluidized bed in the dechlorination chamber is free of indirect cooling.
3.Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in das Wirbelbett der Entchlorungskammer Silikat, Aluminiumsilikat und/oder aktivierte Silikate gegeben wird und daß man gasförmiges S02 oder andere schwefelhaltige Materialien, die in oxidierender Atmosphäre S02 freisetzen, in den Gasraum über dem Wirbelbett in die Entchlorungskammer leitet.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that silicate, aluminum silicate and / or activated silicates are added to the fluidized bed of the dechlorination chamber and that gaseous S0 2 or other sulfur-containing materials which release S0 2 in an oxidizing atmosphere are released into the gas space leads over the fluidized bed into the dechlorination chamber.
4.Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zu verbrennende oder zu vergasende Material feste und/oder flüssige Abfallstoffe enthält . 4.The method according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the material to be burned or gasified contains solid and / or liquid waste.
EP00901114A 1999-01-29 2000-01-19 Method of combustion or gasification in a circulating fluidized bed Expired - Lifetime EP1068475B1 (en)

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DE19903510A DE19903510C2 (en) 1999-01-29 1999-01-29 Process for combustion or gasification in the circulating fluidized bed
PCT/EP2000/000378 WO2000045091A1 (en) 1999-01-29 2000-01-19 Method of combustion or gasification in a circulating fluidized bed

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TW571049B (en) 2001-11-12 2004-01-11 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Circulating fluidized bed boiler
DE102005005796A1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2006-08-17 Applikations- Und Technikzentrum Für Energieverfahrens-, Umwelt- Und Strömungstechnik (Atz-Evus) Method and device for the thermochemical conversion of a fuel
DE102007056580B3 (en) * 2007-11-23 2009-04-02 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Process and apparatus for the air flow sulphation of flue gas components
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