EP1068150A1 - Procede de fabrication d'un charbon actif a proprietes ferromagnetiques, et charbon actif obtenu a partir dudit procede - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'un charbon actif a proprietes ferromagnetiques, et charbon actif obtenu a partir dudit procedeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1068150A1 EP1068150A1 EP99909067A EP99909067A EP1068150A1 EP 1068150 A1 EP1068150 A1 EP 1068150A1 EP 99909067 A EP99909067 A EP 99909067A EP 99909067 A EP99909067 A EP 99909067A EP 1068150 A1 EP1068150 A1 EP 1068150A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- cycle
- activated carbon
- pyrolysis
- carried out
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of active carbon, and more particularly active carbon with permanent ferromagnetic properties.
- activated carbon has been known at least since the beginning of the century, in particular for their adsorption capacity in the treatment of water or air, or more recently for the recovery of solvents.
- the raw materials used to make activated carbon are very varied. Mention may in particular be made of wood, straw, coal pitches, fruit pits, coconut shells, bones, or rubber residues. Mention may be made, for example, of document EP-A-0 497 154 for coconut shells.
- the minimum activity threshold usually required for an activated carbon is that the specific surface area measured by the BET method is at least equal to 300 m 2 / g (it is recalled that the Brauer Elmett Taylor method, or BET for short), consists of measure the amount of nitrogen adsorbed by the material for a given partial pressure).
- activated carbon is conventionally carried out by a physical or chemical treatment which is designed to erode the surface of the material used as raw material, in order to create and above all to release the pores of the material.
- Activated carbon thus has a carbon structure with micropores.
- the activated carbon becomes saturated with adsorbed products after use, for example saturated with solvents such as toluene or acetone, its pores are filled, and it is therefore necessary to recover the material used in order either to replace it, or to regenerate it or treat it for be able to use it again.
- pollutants are extracted under a flow of water vapor, then evacuated (desorption) and retreats.
- the Russian abbreviation No. 77-78103 thus describes a process for treating activated carbon by impregnation with an iron salt which, during the heat treatment which directly follows the impregnation step, is transformed into crystals.
- the metallic crystals are not really integrated into the pores of the carbon structure.
- the Japanese abbreviation No 86-19 1949 describes a process starting with a step of hot mixing (230 ° C) of a carbonaceous material (mixture of asphalt, red mud and oil) with compounds based on iron, followed by a step of heating to 450 ° C and a step of activation by a steam current. Such a process is limited to the carbonization of the asphalt.
- the Russian abstract No 201014 describes a process consisting in ferritizing an activated carbon by adding magnetite, which is close to the Russian abstract No 77-78 103 mentioned above.
- Japanese Abstract No. 54 062188 mentions a magnetic separation process involving steel balls and activated carbon in magnetic powder.
- activated carbon is treated to give it ferromatnetic properties.
- powdered activated carbon is mixed with steel balls.
- the invention aims precisely to solve this problem, by devising a process for the manufacture of an active carbon with permanent ferromagnetic properties, said process making it possible to obtain perfect integration of the crystals of metal oxides in the structure of the activated carbon, while remaining economical for a reasonably high yield.
- This problem is solved in accordance with the invention thanks to a process for the production of an active carbon with permanent ferromagnetic properties, from a lignocellulosic or polymer raw material, from lignite, or from industrial or agricultural waste, said process comprising the following: following successive steps: a) impregnating the raw material with an aqueous solution of a transition metal salt; b) filtration and drying of the raw material impregnated; c) pyrolysis cycle of the dried filtrate with a gradual rise in temperature to a set temperature of at least 600 ° C, and holding at that target temperature for a residence time sufficient ⁇ cient to yield the degree of activation desires.
- the implementation of the above method allows an intimate and lasting integration of the metal oxide crystals in the skeleton of the carbon structure, so that these metal oxide crystals are an integral part of the structure of the material and therefore withstand possible washing or mechanical treatment processes, without affecting the adsorption capacities of the activated carbon obtained.
- the aforementioned method comprises a step d) in which the carbonaceous material resulting from the pyrolysis cycle is subjected to soaking in a cold liquid. This soaking or "quenchmg" has the effect of stopping the activation of the carbonaceous material resulting from the pyrolysis cycle, and ensures satisfactory crystallization.
- the process comprises a step f) in which the dry carbon residue resulting from the terminal step c) is subjected to a new pyrolysis cycle, the duration of which is much less than that of said first cycle.
- the method comprises a step g) in which the carbonaceous material resulting from the new pyrolysis cycle is subjected to soaking in a cold liquid (“quenchmg").
- an activation step already exists for traditional active carbon without ferroma- physical.
- the impregnation used during step a) is carried out with an aqueous solution of chloride, nitrate or carbonate, iron or nickel.
- a solution of iron chloride III hexahydrate may be used. The tests carried out by the applicant have in fact shown that iron chloride III hexahydrate easily provides a specific surface area which is largely sufficient compared to the minimum activation threshold.
- the drying carried out in step b) is carried out at a temperature which remains below the ignition temperature of the first material, said drying temperature being maintained until the mass of the dry filtrate is essentially constant.
- the pyrolysis cycle of step c) is carried out on a fixed bed, said cycle being defined by the following thermal parameters: from a temperature of the order of 100 ° C., rise in tempera ture ⁇ with a speed between ° C / mm and 3 ° C / m ⁇ n to a temperature of about 700 ° C setpoint with a holding at this target temperature for a time at less than 2 hours.
- the tests carried out by the applicant tend to show that a speed close to 1 ° C / min with a holding time at the set temperature of around 5 hours constitutes an optimization of the process.
- this new cycle is implemented on a fixed bed based on the following thermal parameters: from a temperature of the order of 100 ° C, temperature rise with a speed of between 1 ° C / mm and 3 ° C / mm, up to a set temperature of the order of 600 ° C, with maintenance at this set temperature for a time at least equal to 0.5 hour.
- the tests carried out by the demand tend to show that a speed of 3 ° C / mm and a holding time of 0.5 hour constitute an optimization of the process. It will be observed that the holding time at the set temperature for the new pyrolysis cycle is considerably shorter than the holding time at the set temperature associated with the first pyrolysis cycle.
- the or each pyrolysis cycle implemented is carried out in a semi-firm medium, with a filling rate of the container used which is less than 40 o, preferably being close to 20 o.
- the or each pyrolysis cycle it is possible to provide for the or each pyrolysis cycle to be carried out continuously in a pyrolysis oven where a temperature prevails at least equal to 600 ° C. It is possible in particular to use a rotary kiln or a kiln set in forced vibration (vibro-fluidized). ⁇ conformed to a particular embodiment, the pyrolysis furnace is being forced vibration, and the vibration parameters is advantageously adjusted so that the vibro-fluidized bed present in the oven for a predeter- mined time, which can be of the order of 0.25 hours for an oven of about 2 meters in length.
- the invention also relates to an activated carbon with permanent ferromagnetic properties obtained from a manufacturing process having at least one of the aforementioned characteristics, said activated carbon being of the type comprising a carbon structure provided with micropores, said active carbon being remarkable in that the carbon structure comprises crystals of oxides of a transition metal, which are intimately embedded in the constituent material of the carbon structure, without sealing the micropores of said structure.
- the inlay of metal oxide crystals in the skeleton of the carbon structure guarantees the continuity of the ferromagnetic properties of the activated carbon, and considerably facilitate recovered ⁇ in its use environment for application of an external magnetic field adequate.
- the metal crystals are derived from a transition metal salt such as iron or nickel.
- the iron oxide crystals are crystals of magnetite and / or hematite.
- the process according to the invention firstly comprises a step a) of impregnating the raw material, which is for example lignocellulosic or polymer, or also lignite, or industrial or agricultural waste, with a solution aqueous of a transition metal salt.
- the process of the invention is not limited to a particular type of raw material, and it is possible to use the usual raw materials such as wood, straw, coal pitches, fruit pits or shellfish. coconut, or elastomer residues, in particular rubber, or lignite, or industrial or agricultural waste.
- a raw material will be used in the ground state, for example with particles whose particle size ranges from 40 ⁇ m to 2 mm.
- the tests carried out by the applicant tend to show that the particle size of the raw material used has very little influence on the specific surface of the activated carbon with permanent ferromagnetic properties obtained.
- the aqueous solution will preferably be at a high concentration, the value of this concentration depending on the raw material concerned.
- the transition metal salt it may be a chloride, a nitrate or a carbonate, for example iron or nickel.
- the tests carried out by the applicant have revealed that iron chloride constitutes a particularly interesting chemical reagent, and very particularly iron chloride III hexahydrate, that is to say of formula (FeCl ,, 6H 2 0).
- the duration of the impregnation can be variable, but in practice, a relatively high number of hours will be provided, that is to say 8 to 12 hours, allowing 10
- step b is also an essential step in the context of the method according to the invention.
- filtration and drying of the impregnated raw material is provided.
- This step carried out for example in an oven or in a microwave oven, aims to remove the maximum of liquid which would prevent activation, which makes it possible to ensure that we then go directly into the activation phase when the temperature begins to rise. Indeed, during a carbonization, part of the energy is intended for the evaporation of water (free water and bound water) and the rest is used for activation of the raw material. The presence of non-encrusted iron or chlorine in crystalline form is also avoided, which would induce a risk of pollution.
- the drying implemented during this step b) will be carried out at a temperature which must remain below the ignition temperature of the raw material (which is naturally variable depending on the material used).
- the tests carried out by the applicant tend to show that a temperature of the order of 100 to 105 ° C. makes it possible to obtain an optimum result.
- This tempera ture ⁇ is in practice maintained throughout the drying process until the mass of the dried filtrate is constant. It is then ensured that the drying of the impregnated raw material is complete. A maintenance time of around 12 hours gives full satisfaction.
- stage a) of impregnation, and stage b) of filtration and drying one arrives at a fundamental stage which is a stage c) of pyrolysis of the dry filtrate.
- I ⁇ is indeed provided a pyrolysis cycle, ave, a gradual rise in temperature up to a tempera ture ⁇ set at least equal to 600 ° C, and a holding 11
- the thermal parameters associated with this pyrolysis cycle may naturally vary depending on the case. If the pyrolysis cycle is carried out on a fixed bed, it appears advantageous to start from a temperature of the order of 100 ° C., then to provide for a temperature rise with a relatively low speed, that is to say - to say essentially ⁇ lying between l ° C / mm and 3 ° C / min, until a set temperature which is of the order of 700 ° C is reached, with maintenance at this temperature of setpoint for a time at least equal to 2 hours. Among these different thermal parameters, the tests carried out by the applicant tend to show that the value of the set temperature is the essential parameter.
- this cycle is carried out in a semi-firm medium, with a filling rate of the container used which is less than 40 e , preferably being close to 20 °.
- the pyrolysis cycle of step c) can be carried out continuously in a pyrolysis oven, for example a rotary oven or an oven put into forced vibra ⁇ tion (vibro-fluidized) in which prevails a tempera ture ⁇ at least equal to 600 ° C in the case of cellulosic materials.
- a vibro-fluidized pyrolysis oven overcomes the constraints encountered with a fixed bed for the bed height and the residence time. Indeed, it suffices to adjust the vibration parameters properly to have the desired bed height and residence time.
- the residence time will be of the order of 0.25 hours for an oven of approximately two meters in length. The residence time will therefore generally be much shorter than with a fixed bed.
- the carbonaceous material could be allowed to gradually return to room temperature.
- the carbonaceous material could be allowed to gradually return to room temperature.
- the process then comprises a stage f) in which the dry carbon residue resulting from the final stage e) is subjected to a new pyrolysis cycle .
- the new slow pyrolysis cycle can be defined by the following thermal parameters: from a temperature of the order of 100 ° C, a temperature rise is expected with a speed between 1 ° C / mm and 3 ° C / mm, up to a set temperature of around 600 ° C, with maintenance at this set temperature for a time of around 0.5 hour.
- step f) corresponding to the new pyrolysis cycle
- step g) in which the carbonaceous material resulting from the new pyrolysis cycle is subjected to soaking in a cold liquid such as water (“quen ⁇ chmg”).
- a cold liquid such as water
- step f) may be replaced by an activation step f ′) in which the dry carbon residue resulting from the terminal step c) is subjected to the action of a current of water vapor or CO at high temperature.
- activation is generally carried out at a temperature of 800 ° C to 1000 ° C under a highly controlled atmosphere, in the presence of CO and water vapor
- the single figure of the accompanying drawing shows a representation obtained with a magnification at 2000 times, as can be observed using a microscope 1 6
- the structure of the material comprises the usual representation of a carbonaceous structure 1, with micropores 2 perfectly open, that is to say capable of exhibiting desired adsorption capacities, and one also distinguishes the presence of several metallic oxide crystals denoted 3, the size of which here reaches up to 20 ⁇ .
- These crystals of metal aoxides, of a transition metal are intimately embedded in the carbon skeleton, so that they do not risk being evacuated during subsequent washing or other treatment processes.
- the crystals of metal oxides which provide the desired permanent ferromagnetic properties remain intimately bound to the carbonaceous material, so that an active carbon which is easily recoverable in its environment of use is obtained, by application of an external magnetic field. suitable by means of a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.
- the metal oxide crystals will pref ⁇ ence from a salt of a metal such as iron or nickel.
- a metal such as iron or nickel.
- it may be crystals of iron oxides, and advantageously crystals of magnetite (Fe-Fe 2 O and / or hematite (Fe 2 O-).
- the 3 crystals that can be distinguished are magnetite crystals.
- temperature levels and / or quantities of oxygen favoring a high concentration of magnetite crystals will be chosen for the production of such activated carbon to have optimal permanent ferromagnetic properties.
- This inlay so important for the durability of the ferromagnetic properties, results both from the impregnation of the raw material with the metal salt, and from the pyrolysis treatment during which the raw material turns into carbon and the metal salt in crystals.
- Activated carbon is thus produced at the same time as the magnetic characteristic, in contrast to the previous procedures mentioned above.
- the pyrolysis of the impregnated raw material creates both the porosity and the crystals of metal oxides. These crystals also always have a well-defined geometric shape.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9803744 | 1998-03-26 | ||
| FR9803744A FR2776648B1 (fr) | 1998-03-26 | 1998-03-26 | Charbon actif a proprietes ferromagnetiques, et procede de fabrication d'un tel charbon actif |
| PCT/FR1999/000664 WO1999048811A1 (fr) | 1998-03-26 | 1999-03-23 | Procede de fabrication d'un charbon actif a proprietes ferromagnetiques, et charbon actif obtenu a partir dudit procede |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1068150A1 true EP1068150A1 (fr) | 2001-01-17 |
Family
ID=9524520
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99909067A Withdrawn EP1068150A1 (fr) | 1998-03-26 | 1999-03-23 | Procede de fabrication d'un charbon actif a proprietes ferromagnetiques, et charbon actif obtenu a partir dudit procede |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1068150A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2776648B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1999048811A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060076229A1 (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2006-04-13 | Mazyck David W | Magnetic activated carbon and the removal of contaminants from a fluid streams |
| HU229789B1 (hu) * | 2008-04-15 | 2014-07-28 | Hm Elektronikai Logisztikai Es Vagyonkezeloe Zartkoerueen Muekoedoe Reszvenytarsasag | Eljárás és berendezés szorbens elõállítására, elsõsorban ivóvíz arzénmentesítéséhez |
| CN105879834A (zh) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-08-24 | 王欣 | 一种去除水中磷与重金属阴离子的吸附剂制备及应用方法 |
| CN108636351A (zh) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-10-12 | 南京信息工程大学 | 一种用于含磷废水或富营养化水体除磷的吸附剂及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN109553083B (zh) * | 2019-01-31 | 2022-10-18 | 东北大学 | 一种热解-真空炭化制备高强度块状多孔炭的方法 |
| CN115739024A (zh) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-03-07 | 盐城师范学院 | 一种以油菜秆为原料的高比表面积磁性活性炭的制备方法 |
| CN117585673B (zh) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-04-30 | 成都达奇科技股份有限公司 | 污水处理用生物膜载体活性炭的制备方法及污水处理方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU431103A1 (ru) * | 1970-04-08 | 1974-06-05 | Ю. Н. Свйдощ, Н. Я. Любман, Г. К. Имангазиева, В. И. Кузнецов | СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СОРБЕНТА НА ОСНОВЕ АКТИВНОГО УГЛЯВПТ5ФОНД е^ооЕртое |
| JPS5828203B2 (ja) * | 1975-07-14 | 1983-06-14 | 丸善石油株式会社 | 感磁性活性炭の製造法 |
| US4201831A (en) * | 1976-09-27 | 1980-05-06 | General Electric Company | Magnetic adsorbent composite |
| JPS6057368B2 (ja) * | 1977-10-28 | 1985-12-14 | 富士電機株式会社 | 磁性粉末活性炭の回収・再生装置 |
| JPS5489994A (en) * | 1977-12-27 | 1979-07-17 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Ferromagnetic activated carbon forming method |
| SU715458A1 (ru) * | 1978-07-31 | 1980-02-15 | Институт Коллоидной Химии И Химии Воды Ан Украинской Сср | Способ получени ферромагнитного углеродного адсорбента |
| NZ214911A (en) * | 1985-02-01 | 1988-10-28 | Univ Melbourne | Production of activated carbon |
| SU1766495A1 (ru) * | 1990-12-17 | 1992-10-07 | Производственно-Творческое Предприятие "Резонанс" | Способ получени магнитного сорбента |
| US5164355A (en) * | 1991-01-23 | 1992-11-17 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | High capacity coconut shell char for carbon molecular sieves |
-
1998
- 1998-03-26 FR FR9803744A patent/FR2776648B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-03-23 EP EP99909067A patent/EP1068150A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-03-23 WO PCT/FR1999/000664 patent/WO1999048811A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9948811A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2776648A1 (fr) | 1999-10-01 |
| FR2776648B1 (fr) | 2000-06-02 |
| WO1999048811A1 (fr) | 1999-09-30 |
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