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EP1062647B1 - Fire alarm box - Google Patents

Fire alarm box Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1062647B1
EP1062647B1 EP98952572A EP98952572A EP1062647B1 EP 1062647 B1 EP1062647 B1 EP 1062647B1 EP 98952572 A EP98952572 A EP 98952572A EP 98952572 A EP98952572 A EP 98952572A EP 1062647 B1 EP1062647 B1 EP 1062647B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical
optical transmitter
light
fire detector
receiver
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98952572A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1062647A1 (en
Inventor
Anton Pfefferseder
Andreas Hensel
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP1062647A1 publication Critical patent/EP1062647A1/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fire alarm with the The preamble of claim 1 features mentioned.
  • Smoke detectors are generally used for early fire detection used. Among the most commonly used Detectors in the field of fire detection count optical Smoke detector. They can be used as transmitted light or as Scattered light detectors must be designed. On the scattered radiation principle based smoke detectors detect smoke particles by measuring on these smoke particles scattered radiation. The response behavior respectively the sensitivity of all optical Smoke detectors depend heavily on the type of fire. The amount, nature and composition the by the. Fire generated smoke plays play a major role in the sensitivity of smoke detectors. Fires with low smoke development can are detected more poorly than fires in which there is a lot of smoke. Scattered light smoke detectors are also relying on a reflection of light the smoke particles arises.
  • fire detectors can combine optical smoke detectors with detectors based on other principles.
  • ionization smoke detectors or temperature detectors can be attached to different locations in a room or integrated in a single detector become.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a fire alarm create different types of fires, with and without Smoke development, can safely detect.
  • Document US-A-3,922,656 is the closest prior art 1 viewed. It discloses a fire alarm for Detection of gaseous or dusty combustion products with a optical detection device and one depending on physical or chemical parameters of the combustion products generated signal that is given to a downstream evaluation unit, the Detection device an optical transmitter and two optical receivers comprises, one of which is outside a direct radiation range of the Optical transmitter is arranged and acts as a scattered light receiver and the another is arranged in a direct radiation range of the optical transmitter and preferably portions of light that are absorbed by a specific gas. detected.
  • the fire detector according to the invention with the in the claim 1 mentioned features offers the advantage that by combining two different sensor methods a more reliable fire detection is possible than with conventional smoke or fire detectors. the case is. So is a known per se Scattered light receiver for the detection of smoke with at least combined with another optical receiver, the by upstream of a gas sensitive Layer reacts to specific components in the air, that typically arise during combustion. By using a common light source As an optical transmitter, the fire detector can be very compact and be built to save space. The signal processing too a downstream evaluation unit simplified. Furthermore, it is usually sufficient only one such fire detector per room, if this does not exceed a certain size to provide instead of several on different measuring principles working what the installation and wiring significantly simplified.
  • optical transmitter located optical Receivers can also be used as transmitted light smoke detectors act and are thus able to make changes in brightness due to aerosols present in the air to register. This is advantageously done by a Evaluation unit enables the optical receiver is connected downstream and fluctuations in electrical Signal due to fluctuations in brightness evaluates the received light signal. Come here known methods, such as modulated measurement or lock-in technology.
  • Figure 1 shows an exemplary measuring arrangement consisting from an optical transmitter 2, for example one Infrared LED, and an optical receiver 4, for example a photodiode based on infrared light is sensitive.
  • optical transmitters 2 and Receiver 4 can be used with light in the visible Wavelength range work.
  • Crucial for the function of the measuring arrangement is the coordination between the wavelength of the optical transmitter 2 emitted light and the absorbed wavelength one described in the following gas sensitive Layer 6.
  • Between and in optical transmitter 2 direct beam path 8 attached at a certain distance optical receiver 4 is one for the radiation from the optical transmitter 2 transmissive Layer 6, for example consisting of a carrier Made of polymer material with a certain gas sensitive Layer is provided.
  • optical transmitter 2 emitted light permeable Layer 6 can be exactly in the middle between the optical transmitter 2 and the optical receiver 4, however, it is also possible to use them on everyone Position between the optical transmitter 2 and the optical Arrange recipient 4 if they are in Beam path 8 is located.
  • the known gas sensitive Layer 6 can be one of the optical transmitter 2 emitted light of a certain wavelength Partially absorb interaction with certain gases.
  • the gas-sensitive layer 6 contains one a specific gas sensitive indicator substance and is carried out prior to installation using previous calibration measurements calibrated. As soon as the gas to be detected in the Area between optical transmitter 2 and optical Receiver 4 enters, changes in layer 6 contained indicator substance their absorption for certain Wavelength ranges of those striking them electromagnetic radiation.
  • a local absorption maximum of the indicator substance corresponds to that registered behind the Layer 6 arranged optical receiver 4 a modified Transmission.
  • the height of the absorption maximum and hence the size of the transmission are proportional to the concentration of the gas. This can by means of an evaluation unit, not shown here detected and when used as a smoke detector be connected to a signal generator.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a relationship between the wavelength and the absorption of light from a gas-sensitive layer at different concentrations of a gas mixture coming into contact with the gas-sensitive layer.
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the light emitted by the optical transmitter in nanometers (nm) is plotted on the horizontal axis 16 of the diagram.
  • a relative absorption value is plotted on the vertical axis 14, which would assume a value of 1.0 if the absorption were complete.
  • the gas-sensitive layer is a layer sensitive to NO and / or NO 2 . It can be seen that at a certain light wavelength, in the example shown at approximately 670 nm, the absorption of light has a clear maximum with increasing NO concentration.
  • FIG 3 shows an alternative measuring arrangement in which a gas sensitive layer 10 directly on the optical Receiver 4, in the embodiment shown photosensitive photodiode, is applied. Same Parts like in the previous figures are with provided the same reference numerals and not again explained.
  • a measuring arrangement has the advantage on that very compact smoke or Combustion gas detectors can be represented.
  • For detection various gaseous combustion products several optical receivers 4 each on different Gas sensitive layers 10 have. These can all be in the optical path 8 of the optical Sensor 2 arranged at a certain distance from this and are able to do different characteristic absorption signals for different Combustion gases to a not shown here To deliver evaluation unit.
  • Figure 4 finally shows a structure of a combined Fire alarm 1, in addition to an optical Transmitter 2 an optical acting as a scattered light sensor Receiver 28 and at least one as a gas sensor acting optical receiver 4.
  • Same Parts like in the previous figures are with provided the same reference numerals and not again explained.
  • Light source here for example an infrared light-emitting diode, be used.
  • the fire detector 1 exists essentially from a chamber 32 designed in this way is that there is little or no light from outside can penetrate and at the same time smoke and gaseous Combustion products have access as freely as possible.
  • Chamber 32 is at least one Front side open, so that the sensors with the atmosphere in the chamber and the combustion gases contained therein or smoke related.
  • the outer wall chamber 32 is preferably opaque Material so that in the measurements no false influences due to stray light occur.
  • the recordings 34, 36, 38 for the optical Transmitter 2 and the optical receivers 4, 28 are preferably designed so deep that the optical transmitter 2 Only emit with a narrow light emission cone can, and that on the optical receiver 4, 28 does not fall into the end faces of the chamber 32 Stray light can hit.
  • the optical axis 8 of the Light exit cone of the optical transmitter 2 is preferably at an oblique angle of, for example 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of chamber 32.
  • the optical one Receiver 28 for the scattered light sensor here for example a photodiode, is preferably arranged so that he's not in the direct radiation area 8 of the optical transmitter 2 lies and thus only scattered light can receive.
  • An optical axis 30 can thus of the optical receiver 28 also in one oblique angle of, for example, 45 ° to the longitudinal axis the tube 32 lie, so that the optical Axes 8 and 30 at a certain point on the Longitudinal axis of tube 32 at an angle of, for example Cut 90 °.
  • the optical receiver 28 thus works in conjunction with the optical transmitter 2 like a conventional scattered light smoke detector.
  • At least another optical receiver 4 is in arranged a further receptacle 36, the longitudinal extent in the same direction as the receptacle 34 is aligned for the optical transmitter 2.
  • the optical one Receiver 4 is thus in the direct radiation range of the optical transmitter 2 and is therefore preferably for the detection of the scattered light sensor suitable for non-detectable combustion gases.
  • the optical receiver 4 a carrier with a gas-sensitive layer 18 for absorption certain light components depending on gas concentrations in the air.
  • 28 received light are preferred Upstream collecting lenses 22, 24, which in the Shots 36, 38 incident light exactly on the light-sensitive point of the optical receiver 4, 28 focus.
  • a fire detector 1 several optical receiver 4, each with different superior geese-sensitive layers provided his. This allows various gaseous combustion products be recorded. In certain fire situations, where there are no gases to which the could address gas sensitive layers Scattered light sensor still trigger alarm.
  • the fire detector can the light attenuation through in the combustion air contained aerosols measured and as an alarm criterion be used.
  • the electrical output from the optical receiver 4 Signal is the electrical output from the optical receiver 4 Signal also constant.
  • the optical receiver 4 weaker In the event of a decrease in brightness due to aerosols in the air, on which the gas sensitive layer 18 is not responds by partial absorption, it will signal emitted by the optical receiver 4 weaker, which is another criterion for a possible Fire can be evaluated.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Brandmelder mit den im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 genannten Merkmalen.The invention relates to a fire alarm with the The preamble of claim 1 features mentioned.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Zur Brandfrüherkennung werden im allgemeinen Rauchmelder eingesetzt. Zu den am häufigsten eingesetzten Meldern im Bereich der Branddetektion zählen optische Rauchmelder. Sie können als Durchlicht- oder als Streulichtmelder ausgeführt sein. Auf dem Streustrahlungsprinzip beruhende Rauchmelder detektieren Rauchpartikel durch eine Messung von an diesen Rauchpartikeln gestreuter Strahlung. Das Ansprechverhalten beziehungsweise die Empfindlichkeit aller optischen Rauchmelder ist stark abhängig von der Art des Brandes. Die Menge, die Beschaffenheit und die Zusammensetzung des durch der. Brand erzeugten Rauches spielt eine große Rolle für die Empfindlichkeit der Rauchmelder. Brände mit geringer Rauchentwicklung können schlechter detektiert werden als Brände, bei denen viel Rauch entsteht. Streulichtrauchmelder sind zudem darauf angewiesen, daß eine Reflexion des Lichtes an den Rauchpartikeln entsteht. Zur Erzielung eines gleichmäßigeren Ansprechverhaltens von Brandmeldern können optische Rauchmelder mit Meldern kombiniert werden, die auf anderen Prinzipien basieren. Bekannt sind beispielsweise Ionisationsrauchmelder oder Temperaturmelder. Diese verschiedenen Brandmeldertypen können an verschiedenen Orten in einem Raum angebracht oder auch in einem einzigen Melder integriert werden.Smoke detectors are generally used for early fire detection used. Among the most commonly used Detectors in the field of fire detection count optical Smoke detector. They can be used as transmitted light or as Scattered light detectors must be designed. On the scattered radiation principle based smoke detectors detect smoke particles by measuring on these smoke particles scattered radiation. The response behavior respectively the sensitivity of all optical Smoke detectors depend heavily on the type of fire. The amount, nature and composition the by the. Fire generated smoke plays play a major role in the sensitivity of smoke detectors. Fires with low smoke development can are detected more poorly than fires in which there is a lot of smoke. Scattered light smoke detectors are also relying on a reflection of light the smoke particles arises. To achieve a more even response of fire detectors can combine optical smoke detectors with detectors based on other principles. Known are, for example, ionization smoke detectors or temperature detectors. These different types of fire detectors can be attached to different locations in a room or integrated in a single detector become.

Solche Kombinationen von optischen Rauchmeldern mit Temperaturmeldern oder Ionisationsrauchmeldern sind bekannt. Neben einer Temperaturerhöhung und der Entstehung von Rauch ist ein weiteres signifikantes Merkmal zur Branderkennung das Auftreten gasförmiger Verbrennungsprodukte. Diese können durch verschiedene Arten von Gassensoren detektiert werden.Such combinations of optical smoke detectors with Temperature detectors or ionization smoke detectors are known. In addition to an increase in temperature and Smoke production is another significant one Characteristic for fire detection the occurrence of gaseous Combustion products. These can be different Types of gas sensors can be detected.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Brandmelder zu schaffen, der verschiedenartige Brände, mit und ohne Rauchentwicklung, sicher detektieren kann.The object of the invention is to provide a fire alarm create different types of fires, with and without Smoke development, can safely detect.

Das Dokument US-A-3 922 656 wird als nächstliegender Stand der Technik 1 angesehen. Es offenbart einen Brandmelder zur Detektion von gasförmigen oder staubförmigen Verbrennungsprodukten mit einer optischen Erkennungseinrichtung und einem in Abhängigkeit von physikalischen oder chemischen Parametem der Verbrennungsprodukte generierten Signal, das an eine nachgeschaltete Auswerteeinheit gegeben wird, wobei die Erkennungseinrichtung einen optischen Sender und zwei optische Empfänger umfaßt, von denen einer außerhalb eines direkten Strahlungsbereiches des optischen Senders angeordnet ist und als Streulichtempfänger fungiert und der andere in einem direkten Strahlungbereich des optischen Senders angeordnet ist und bevorzugt Lichtanteile, die von einem spezifischen Gas absorbiert werden. detektiert.Document US-A-3,922,656 is the closest prior art 1 viewed. It discloses a fire alarm for Detection of gaseous or dusty combustion products with a optical detection device and one depending on physical or chemical parameters of the combustion products generated signal that is given to a downstream evaluation unit, the Detection device an optical transmitter and two optical receivers comprises, one of which is outside a direct radiation range of the Optical transmitter is arranged and acts as a scattered light receiver and the another is arranged in a direct radiation range of the optical transmitter and preferably portions of light that are absorbed by a specific gas. detected.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Der erfindungsgemäße Brandmelder mit den im Patentanspruch 1 genannten Merkmalen bietet den Vorteil, daß durch die Kombination zweier verschiedener Sensormethoden eine zuverlässigere Branderkennung möglich ist als dies bei herkömmlichen Rauch- oder Brandmeldern. der Fall ist. So ist ein an sich bekannter Streulichtempfänger zur Detektion von Rauch mit wenigstens einem weiteren optischen Empfänger kombi-niert, der durch Vorschaltung einer gassensitiven Schicht auf spezifische Bestandteile in der Luft reagiert, die bei der Verbrennung typischerweise entstehen. Durch Verwendung einer gemeinsamen Lichtquelle als optischen Sender kann der Brandmelder sehr kompakt und platzsparend aufgebaut sein. Auch die Signalverärbeitung einer nachgeschalteten Auswerteeinheit vereinfacht sich. Weiterhin genügt es in der Regel, nur einen solchen Brandmelder je Raum, wenn dieser eine bestimme Größe nicht überschreitet, vorzusehen, anstatt mehreren auf verschiedenen Meßprinzipien arbeitenden, was die Installation und Verkabelung erheblich vereinfacht. Die im direkten Strahlungsbereich des optischen Senders befindlichen optischen Empfänger können zusätzlich als Durchlichtrauchmelder fungieren und sind somit in der Lage, Helligkeitsänderungen aufgrund in der Luft vorhandener Aerosole zu registrieren. Dies wird vorteilhafterweise durch eine Auswerteeinheit ermöglicht, die dem optischen Empfänger nachgeschaltet ist und Schwankungen des elektrischen Signals aufgrund Schwankungen der Helligkeit des empfangenen Lichtsignals auswertet. Dabei kommen bekannte Verfahren, wie zum Beispiel modulierte Messung oder Lock-In-Technik zum Einsatz.The fire detector according to the invention with the in the claim 1 mentioned features offers the advantage that by combining two different sensor methods a more reliable fire detection is possible than with conventional smoke or fire detectors. the case is. So is a known per se Scattered light receiver for the detection of smoke with at least combined with another optical receiver, the by upstream of a gas sensitive Layer reacts to specific components in the air, that typically arise during combustion. By using a common light source As an optical transmitter, the fire detector can be very compact and be built to save space. The signal processing too a downstream evaluation unit simplified. Furthermore, it is usually sufficient only one such fire detector per room, if this does not exceed a certain size to provide instead of several on different measuring principles working what the installation and wiring significantly simplified. Those in the direct radiation area of the optical transmitter located optical Receivers can also be used as transmitted light smoke detectors act and are thus able to make changes in brightness due to aerosols present in the air to register. This is advantageously done by a Evaluation unit enables the optical receiver is connected downstream and fluctuations in electrical Signal due to fluctuations in brightness evaluates the received light signal. Come here known methods, such as modulated measurement or lock-in technology.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den übrigen, in den Unteransprüchen genannten, Merkmalen. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the rest, in the subclaims mentioned features.

Zeichnungendrawings

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in einem Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der zugehörigen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine Anordnung einer gassensitiven Schicht zwischen optischem Sender und optischem Empfänger;
Figur 2
ein Absorptionsspektrum einer auf NO-beziehungsweise NO2 sensitiven Schicht;
Figur 3
eine Meßanordnung mit gassensitiver Schicht auf dem optischen Empfänger und
Figur 4
einen Aufbau eines kombinierten Brandmelders.
The invention is explained in more detail in an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Figure 1
an arrangement of a gas-sensitive layer between the optical transmitter and the optical receiver;
Figure 2
an absorption spectrum of a layer sensitive to NO or NO 2 ;
Figure 3
a measuring arrangement with a gas-sensitive layer on the optical receiver and
Figure 4
a structure of a combined fire alarm.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Figur 1 zeigt eine beispielhafte Meßanordnung, bestehend aus einem optischen Sender 2, beispielsweise einer Infrarct-Leuchtdiode, und einem optischen Empfänger 4, beispielsweise einer Fotodiode, der auf Infrarotlicht empfindlich ist. Mit solchen Bauteilen sind kleine kompakte und kostengünstige Brandmelder möglich, die zudem mit sehr wenig Energie auskommen. Ebensogut können jedoch auch optische Sender 2 und Empfänger 4 verwendet werden, die mit Licht im sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich arbeiten. Entscheidend für die Funktion der Neßanordnung ist die Abstimmung zwischen der Wellenlänge des vom optischen Sender 2 ausgesandten Lichts und der absorbierten Wellenlänge einer im folgenden beschriebenen gassensitiven Schicht 6. Zwischen optischem Sender 2 und in dessen direktem Strahlengang 8 in gewissem Abstand angebrachtem optischem Empfänger 4 befindet sich eine für die Strahlung des optischen Senders 2 durchlässige Schicht 6, beispielsweise bestehend aus einem Träger aus Polymermaterial, der mit einer bestimmten gassensitiven Schicht versehen ist. Diese für das vom optischen Sender 2 abgestrahlte Licht durchlässige Schicht 6 kann sich genau in der Mitte zwischen dem optischen Sender 2 und dem optischen Empfänger 4 befinden, es ist jedoch ebenso möglich, sie an jeder Position zwischen dem optischen Sender 2 und dem optischen Empfänger 4 anzuordnen, sofern sie sich im Strahlengang 8 befindet. Die an sich bekannte gassensitive Schicht 6 kann ein von dem optischen Sender 2 ausgesandtes Licht bestimmter Wellenlänge bei Wechselwirkung mit bestimmten Gasen teilweise absorbieren. Die gassensitive Schicht 6 enthält eine auf ein bestimmtes Gas sensitive Indikatorsubstanz und wird vor dem Einbau mittels vorheriger Eichmessungen kalibriert. Sobald das zu detektierende Gas in den Bereich zwischen optischem Sender 2 und optischem Empfänger 4 eintritt, ändert die in der Schicht 6 enthaltene Indikatorsubstanz ihre Absorption für bestimmte Wellenlängenbereiche der auf sie auftreffenden elektromagnetischen Strahlung. Da diese Wellenlänge einem lokalen Absorptionsmaximum der Indiktorsubstanz entspricht, registriert der hinter der Schicht 6 angeordnete optische Empfänger 4 eine veränderte Transmission. Die Höhe des Absorptionsmaximums und damit die Größe der Transmission sind proportional zur Konzentration des Gases. Diese kann mittels einer hier nicht dargestellten Auswerteeinheit erfaßt und bei einem Einsatz als Rauchmelder mit einem Signalgeber verbunden werden.Figure 1 shows an exemplary measuring arrangement consisting from an optical transmitter 2, for example one Infrared LED, and an optical receiver 4, for example a photodiode based on infrared light is sensitive. With such components are small, compact and inexpensive fire detectors possible, which also use very little energy. However, optical transmitters 2 and Receiver 4 can be used with light in the visible Wavelength range work. Crucial for the function of the measuring arrangement is the coordination between the wavelength of the optical transmitter 2 emitted light and the absorbed wavelength one described in the following gas sensitive Layer 6. Between and in optical transmitter 2 direct beam path 8 attached at a certain distance optical receiver 4 is one for the radiation from the optical transmitter 2 transmissive Layer 6, for example consisting of a carrier Made of polymer material with a certain gas sensitive Layer is provided. This for that of optical transmitter 2 emitted light permeable Layer 6 can be exactly in the middle between the optical transmitter 2 and the optical receiver 4, however, it is also possible to use them on everyone Position between the optical transmitter 2 and the optical Arrange recipient 4 if they are in Beam path 8 is located. The known gas sensitive Layer 6 can be one of the optical transmitter 2 emitted light of a certain wavelength Partially absorb interaction with certain gases. The gas-sensitive layer 6 contains one a specific gas sensitive indicator substance and is carried out prior to installation using previous calibration measurements calibrated. As soon as the gas to be detected in the Area between optical transmitter 2 and optical Receiver 4 enters, changes in layer 6 contained indicator substance their absorption for certain Wavelength ranges of those striking them electromagnetic radiation. Because this wavelength a local absorption maximum of the indicator substance corresponds to that registered behind the Layer 6 arranged optical receiver 4 a modified Transmission. The height of the absorption maximum and hence the size of the transmission are proportional to the concentration of the gas. This can by means of an evaluation unit, not shown here detected and when used as a smoke detector be connected to a signal generator.

Figur 2 zeigt in einem Diagramm beispielhaft einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Wellenlänge und der Absorption von Licht einer gassensitiven Schicht bei verschiedenen Konzentrationen eines mit der gassensitiven Schicht in Berührung kommenden Gasgemisches. Auf der horizontalen Achse 16 des Diagramms ist die Wellenlänge λ des vom optischen Sender abgestrahlten Lichts in Nanometern (nm) aufgetragen. Auf der vertikalen Achse 14 ist ein relativer Absorptionswert aufgetragen, der bei vollständiger Absorption einen Wert von 1,0 annehmen würde. In der Figur 2 beispielsweise ist die gassensitive Schicht eine auf NO und/oder NO2 sensitive Schicht. Erkennbar ist, daß bei einer bestimmten Lichtwellenlänge, im gezeigten Beispiel bei circa 670 nm, die Absorption von Licht bei steigender NO-Konzentration ein deutliches Maximum aufweist. Es sind mehrere Kurven 11 aufgetragen, deren Maiximum bei steigender NO-Konzentration jeweils zunimmt. Diese Zunahme ist durch einen aufwärts gerichteten Pfeil 12 angedeutet. Der Sensoreffekt. das heißt die Absorptions- beziehungsweise die Transmissionsänderungen, können bei den verwendeten gassensitiven Schichten in der Regel in relativ engen Wellenlängenbereichen nachgewiesen werden. Als Träger für solche gassensitiven Schichten eignen sich bestimmte Polymere, die chemisch weitgehend inert sind, so daß sichergestellt ist, daß nur die Indikatorsubstanz mit dem Gas wechselwirkt. Diese Indikatorsubstanz ist auf das Polymer aufgebracht und zeigt eine Wechselwirkung mit bestimmten Gasen. Weiterhin ist mit dieser Meßmethode möglich, mehrere optische Empfänger mit jeweils unterschiedlichen gassensitiven Schichten zu versehen und auf diese Weise kombinierte Rauchmelder darzustellen, die auf eine Vielzahl von verschiedenen Gasen ansprechen.FIG. 2 shows an example of a relationship between the wavelength and the absorption of light from a gas-sensitive layer at different concentrations of a gas mixture coming into contact with the gas-sensitive layer. The wavelength λ of the light emitted by the optical transmitter in nanometers (nm) is plotted on the horizontal axis 16 of the diagram. A relative absorption value is plotted on the vertical axis 14, which would assume a value of 1.0 if the absorption were complete. In FIG. 2, for example, the gas-sensitive layer is a layer sensitive to NO and / or NO 2 . It can be seen that at a certain light wavelength, in the example shown at approximately 670 nm, the absorption of light has a clear maximum with increasing NO concentration. Several curves 11 are plotted, the maximum of which increases with increasing NO concentration. This increase is indicated by an upward arrow 12. The sensor effect. that is, the changes in absorption or transmission can generally be detected in the gas-sensitive layers used in relatively narrow wavelength ranges. Suitable carriers for such gas-sensitive layers are certain polymers which are largely chemically inert, so that it is ensured that only the indicator substance interacts with the gas. This indicator substance is applied to the polymer and shows an interaction with certain gases. Furthermore, with this measuring method it is possible to provide several optical receivers with different gas-sensitive layers and in this way to display combined smoke detectors that respond to a large number of different gases.

Figur 3 zeigt eine alternative Meßanordnung, bei der eine gassensitive Schicht 10 direkt auf den optischen Empfänger 4, im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel eine lichtempfindliche Fotodiode, aufgebracht ist. Gleiche Teile wie in den vorangegangenen Figuren sind mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen und nicht noch einmal erläutert. Eine solche Meßanordnung weist den Vorteil auf, daß damit sehr kompakte Rauch- beziehungsweise Verbrennungsgasmelder darstellbar sind. Zur Detektion verschiedener gasförmiger Verbrennungsprodukte können mehrere optische Empfänger 4 jeweils auf unterschiedliche Gase sensitive Schichten 10 auf weisen. Diese können alle im Strahlengang 8 des optischen Sensors 2 in einem bestimmten Abstand von diesem angeordnet sein und sind dadurch in der Lage, verschiedene charakteristische Absorptionssignale für verschiedene Verbrennungsgase an eine hier nicht dargestellte Auswerteeinheit zu liefern.Figure 3 shows an alternative measuring arrangement in which a gas sensitive layer 10 directly on the optical Receiver 4, in the embodiment shown photosensitive photodiode, is applied. Same Parts like in the previous figures are with provided the same reference numerals and not again explained. Such a measuring arrangement has the advantage on that very compact smoke or Combustion gas detectors can be represented. For detection various gaseous combustion products several optical receivers 4 each on different Gas sensitive layers 10 have. These can all be in the optical path 8 of the optical Sensor 2 arranged at a certain distance from this and are able to do different characteristic absorption signals for different Combustion gases to a not shown here To deliver evaluation unit.

Figur 4 zeigt schließlich einen Aufbau eines kombinierten Brandmelders 1, der neben einem optischen Sender 2 einen als Streulichtsensor wirkenden optischen Empfänger 28 und wenigstens einen als Gassensor wirkenden optischen Empfänger 4 aufweist. Gleiche Teile wie in den vorangegangenen Figuren sind mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen und nicht noch einmal erläutert. Aufgrund des verwendeten Wellenlängenbereiches des von dem optischen Sender 2 abgestrahlten Lichts kann für beide Detektionsmethoden eine gemeinsame Lichtquelle, hier beispielsweise eine Infrarot-Leuchcdiode, eingesetzt werden. Der Brandmelder 1 besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Kammer 32, die so gestaltet ist, daß kein oder nur wenig Licht von außen eindringen kann und gleichzeitig Rauch und gasförmige Verbrennungsprodukte möglichst ungehindert Zugang haben. Dies kann, wie bei Streulichtmeldern üblich, in Form eines hier nicht dargestellten optischen Labyrinths realisiert sein. In der Wandung sind mehrere nach außen verschlossene Aufnahmen 34, 36, 38 für den optischen Sender 2 und den optischen Empfänger 4, 28 eingelassen. Die Kammer 32 ist nach wenigstens einer Stirnseite hin offen, so daß die Sensoren mit der Atmosphäre in der Kammer und darin enthaltenen Verbrennungsgasen oder Rauch in Verbindung stehen. Die Außenwand der Kammer 32 besteht vorzugsweise aus lichtundurchlässigem Material, damit bei den Messungen keine Fehleinflüsse durch einfallendes Streulicht auftreten. Die Aufnahmen 34, 36, 38 für den optischen Sender 2 und die optischen Empfänger 4, 28 sind vorzugsweise so tief gestaltet, daß der optische Sender 2 nur mit einem schmalen Lichtaustrittskegel abstrahlen kann, und daß auf die optischen Empfänger 4, 28 kein in die Stirnseiten der Kammer 32 einfallendes Streulicht auftreffen kann. Die optische Achse 8 des Lichtaustrittskegels des optischen Senders 2 liegt vorzugsweise in einem schrägen Winkel von beispielsweise 45° zur Längsachse der Kammer 32. Der optische Empfänger 28 für den Streulichtsensor, hier beispielsweise eine Photodiode, ist vorzugsweise so angeordnet, daß er nicht im direkten Strahlungsbereich 8 des optischen Senders 2 liegt und damit nur Streulicht empfangen kann. So kann eine optische Achse 30 des optischen Empfängers 28 ebenfalls in einem schrägen Winkel von beispielsweise 45° zur Längsachse der Röhre 32 liegen, so daß sich die optischen Achsen 8 und 30 in einem bestimmten Punkt auf der Längsachse der Röhre 32 unter einem Winkel von beispielsweise 90° schneiden. Der optische Empfänger 28 arbeitet in Verbindung mit dem optischen Sender 2 somit wie ein herkömmlicher Streulichtrauchmelder. Wenigstens ein weiterer optischer Empfänger 4 ist in einer weiteren Aufnahme 36 angeordnet, deren Längserstreckung in gleicher Richtung wie die Aufnahme 34 für den optischen Sender 2 ausgerichtet ist. Der optische Empfänger 4 liegt somit im direkten Strahlungsbereich des optischen Senders 2 und ist daher vorzugsweise zur Detektion von für den Streulichtsensor nicht detektierbaren Verbrennungsgasen geeignet. Zu diesem Zweck ist dem optischen Empfänger 4 ein Träger mit einer gassensitiven Schicht 18 zur Absorption bestimmter Lichtanteile in Abhängigkeit von in der Luft befindlichen Gaskonzentrationen vorgesetzt. Zur Bündelung des von den optischen Empfängern 4, 28 empfangenen Lichts sind diesen vorzugsweise Sammellinsen 22, 24 vorgeschaltet, die das in die Aufnahmen 36, 38 einfallende Licht exakt auf die lichtempfindliche Stelle der optischen Empfänger 4, 28 fokussieren. In einem Brandmelder 1 können mehrere optische Empfänger 4 mit jeweils unterschiedlichen vorgesetzten ganssensitiven Schichten vorgesehen sein. Dadurch können verschiedene gasförmige Verbrennungsprodukte erfaßt werden. Bei bestimmten Brandsituationen, wo keine Gase entstehen, auf welche die gassensitiven Schichten ansprechen könnten, kann der Streulichtsensor dennoch Alarm auslösen.Figure 4 finally shows a structure of a combined Fire alarm 1, in addition to an optical Transmitter 2 an optical acting as a scattered light sensor Receiver 28 and at least one as a gas sensor acting optical receiver 4. Same Parts like in the previous figures are with provided the same reference numerals and not again explained. Because of the wavelength range used that emitted by the optical transmitter 2 Light can be common for both detection methods Light source, here for example an infrared light-emitting diode, be used. The fire detector 1 exists essentially from a chamber 32 designed in this way is that there is little or no light from outside can penetrate and at the same time smoke and gaseous Combustion products have access as freely as possible. As usual with stray light detectors, this can be done in Form of an optical labyrinth, not shown here be realized. There are several in the wall outwardly sealed receptacles 34, 36, 38 for the optical transmitter 2 and the optical receiver 4, 28 admitted. Chamber 32 is at least one Front side open, so that the sensors with the atmosphere in the chamber and the combustion gases contained therein or smoke related. The outer wall chamber 32 is preferably opaque Material so that in the measurements no false influences due to stray light occur. The recordings 34, 36, 38 for the optical Transmitter 2 and the optical receivers 4, 28 are preferably designed so deep that the optical transmitter 2 Only emit with a narrow light emission cone can, and that on the optical receiver 4, 28 does not fall into the end faces of the chamber 32 Stray light can hit. The optical axis 8 of the Light exit cone of the optical transmitter 2 is preferably at an oblique angle of, for example 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of chamber 32. The optical one Receiver 28 for the scattered light sensor, here for example a photodiode, is preferably arranged so that he's not in the direct radiation area 8 of the optical transmitter 2 lies and thus only scattered light can receive. An optical axis 30 can thus of the optical receiver 28 also in one oblique angle of, for example, 45 ° to the longitudinal axis the tube 32 lie, so that the optical Axes 8 and 30 at a certain point on the Longitudinal axis of tube 32 at an angle of, for example Cut 90 °. The optical receiver 28 thus works in conjunction with the optical transmitter 2 like a conventional scattered light smoke detector. At least another optical receiver 4 is in arranged a further receptacle 36, the longitudinal extent in the same direction as the receptacle 34 is aligned for the optical transmitter 2. The optical one Receiver 4 is thus in the direct radiation range of the optical transmitter 2 and is therefore preferably for the detection of the scattered light sensor suitable for non-detectable combustion gases. For this purpose, the optical receiver 4 a carrier with a gas-sensitive layer 18 for absorption certain light components depending on gas concentrations in the air. For bundling that of the optical receivers 4, 28 received light are preferred Upstream collecting lenses 22, 24, which in the Shots 36, 38 incident light exactly on the light-sensitive point of the optical receiver 4, 28 focus. In a fire detector 1, several optical receiver 4, each with different superior geese-sensitive layers provided his. This allows various gaseous combustion products be recorded. In certain fire situations, where there are no gases to which the could address gas sensitive layers Scattered light sensor still trigger alarm.

Als eine weitere Funktionsmöglichkeit des Brandmelders kann die Lichtdämpfung durch in der Verbrennungsluft enthaltene Aerosole gemessen und als Alarmkriterium herangezogen werden. Bei konstanter Helligkeit des vom optischen Sender 2 ausgestrahlten Lichts ist das vom optischen Empfänger 4 abgegebene elektrische Signal ebenfalls konstant. Bei einer Helligkeitsabschwächung durch in der Luft enthaltene Aerosole, auf welche die gassensitive Schicht 18 nicht durch eine teilweise Absorption anspricht, wird das vom optischen Empfänger 4 abgegebene Signal denncch schwächer, was als weiteres Kriterium für einen möglichen Brand ausgewertet werden kann.As another function of the fire detector can the light attenuation through in the combustion air contained aerosols measured and as an alarm criterion be used. At constant brightness of the light emitted by the optical transmitter 2 is the electrical output from the optical receiver 4 Signal also constant. In the event of a decrease in brightness due to aerosols in the air, on which the gas sensitive layer 18 is not responds by partial absorption, it will signal emitted by the optical receiver 4 weaker, which is another criterion for a possible Fire can be evaluated.

Claims (6)

  1. Fire detector, in particular for the detection of gaseous and/or dust-like combustion products, having at least one optical detection device, a signal being generated as a function of a physical and/or chemical parameters of the combustion products and fed to an evaluation unit connected downstream, the detection device comprising at least one optical transmitter (2) and at least two optical receivers (4, 28), one of the optical receivers (28) being arranged outside a direct radiation region (8) of the optical transmitter (2) and functioning as a stray-light receiver, characterized in that a gas-sensitive layer (18) is connected upstream of at least one further optical receiver (4) arranged in a direct radiation region (8) of the optical transmitter (2) and, in the event of contact with a specific gas, preferably absorbs components of light in a specific narrow wavelength range.
  2. Fire detector according to Claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of optical receivers (4) are arranged in the direct radiation region (8) of the optical transmitter (2), in each case layers (18) sensitive to different gases being connected upstream of them.
  3. Fire detector according to Claim 2, characterized in that in each case a lens (22, 24) is connected upstream of the optical receivers (4, 28).
  4. Fire detector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a signal received by at least one optical receiver (4) arranged in the direct beam path (8) of the optical transmitter (2) is evaluated as that from a transmitted-light smoke detector.
  5. Fire detector according to Claim 4, characterized in that in each case an evaluation unit for evaluating lightness changes caused by aerosols located in the beam path is connected downstream of the at least one optical receiver (4) arranged in the direct beam path (8) of the optical transmitter (2).
  6. Fire detector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the optical transmitter (2) and the at least two optical receivers (4, 28) are incorporated in a common housing which is permeable to air but does not transmit light.
EP98952572A 1998-03-07 1998-09-17 Fire alarm box Expired - Lifetime EP1062647B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19809896A DE19809896A1 (en) 1998-03-07 1998-03-07 Fire alarm
DE19809896 1998-03-07
PCT/DE1998/002750 WO1999045515A1 (en) 1998-03-07 1998-09-17 Fire alarm box

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EP1062647A1 EP1062647A1 (en) 2000-12-27
EP1062647B1 true EP1062647B1 (en) 2002-08-21

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US (1) US6479833B1 (en)
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JP (1) JP3864048B2 (en)
DE (2) DE19809896A1 (en)
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WO (1) WO1999045515A1 (en)

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DE59805266D1 (en) 2002-09-26
EP1062647A1 (en) 2000-12-27
US6479833B1 (en) 2002-11-12
ES2182366T3 (en) 2003-03-01
JP3864048B2 (en) 2006-12-27
DE19809896A1 (en) 1999-09-09
JP2002506261A (en) 2002-02-26

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