EP1062005B1 - Inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces - Google Patents
Inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces Download PDFInfo
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- EP1062005B1 EP1062005B1 EP99907555A EP99907555A EP1062005B1 EP 1062005 B1 EP1062005 B1 EP 1062005B1 EP 99907555 A EP99907555 A EP 99907555A EP 99907555 A EP99907555 A EP 99907555A EP 1062005 B1 EP1062005 B1 EP 1062005B1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
- A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Inertisierungsverfahren zur Minderung des Risikos und zum Löschen von Bränden in geschlossenen Räumen sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The present invention relates to an inerting method to reduce the risk and extinguish fires in closed Rooms as well as a device for carrying out the Process.
Es ist bekannt, in geschlossenen Räumen, die nur gelegentlich von Mensch oder Tier betreten werden und deren Einrichtungen sensibel auf Wassereinwirkung reagieren, der Brandgefahr dadurch zu begegnen, daß die Sauerstoffkonzentration in dem betroffenen Bereich auf einen Wert von im Mittel etwa 12 % abgesenkt wird. Bei dieser Sauerstoffkonzentration können die meisten brennbaren Materialien nicht mehr brennen. Haupteinsatzgebiete sind EDV-Bereiche, elektrische Schalt- und Verteilerräume, umschlossene Einrichtungen sowie Lagerbereiche mit hochwertigen Wirtschaftsgütern. Die bei diesem Verfahren resultierende Löschwirkung beruht auf dem Prinzip der Sauerstoff-Verdrängung. Die normale Umgebungsluft besteht bekanntlich zu 21 % aus Sauerstoff, zu 78 % aus Stickstoff und 1 % aus sonstigen Gasen. Zum Löschen wird durch Einleiten von reinem Stickstoff die Stickstoffkonzentration in dem betreffenden Raum weiter erhöht und damit der Sauerstoffanteil verringert. Es ist bekannt, daß eine Löschwirkung einsetzt, wenn der Sauerstoffanteil unter 15 Vol.-% absinkt. Abhängig von den in dem betreffenden Raum vorhandenen brennbaren Materialien kann ein weiteres Absenken des Sauerstoffanteils auf die genannten 12 Vol.-% erforderlich sein. It is known to be used indoors, which is only occasional be entered by humans or animals and their facilities react sensitively to the effects of water, the risk of fire to counter that the oxygen concentration in the affected The area was reduced to an average value of approximately 12% becomes. At this oxygen concentration, the most combustible materials no longer burn. Main applications are IT areas, electrical switch and distribution rooms, enclosed facilities and storage areas with high quality assets. The resultant with this procedure The extinguishing effect is based on the principle of oxygen displacement. The normal ambient air is known to exist 21% from oxygen, 78% from nitrogen and 1% from others Gases. Extinguishing is carried out by introducing pure nitrogen the nitrogen concentration in the room in question continues increased and thus the oxygen content reduced. It is known to have an extinguishing effect when the oxygen content drops below 15% by volume. Depending on those in the concerned Flammable materials can be present in a room further reducing the oxygen content to the above-mentioned 12 Vol .-% may be required.
Bei dieser "Inertgaslöschtechnik", wie das Fluten eines brandgefährdeten oder in Brand befindlichen Raumes durch Sauerstoff verdrängende Gase wie Kohlendioxyd, Stickstoff, Edelgase und Gemische daraus genannt wird, werden die Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gase in der Regel in speziellen Nebenräumen in Stahlflaschen komprimiert gelagert. Im Bedarfsfall wird dann das Gas über Rohrleitungssysteme und entsprechende Austrittsdüsen in den betreffenden Raum geleitet. Das Löschen mittels Inertgastechnik bringt jedoch gewisse Probleme mit sich und weist in Bezug auf die Raumgröße klare Grenzen auf. Bei großen Räumen, beispielsweise mit einer Grundfläche von 20 " 50 m und 6,5 m Höhe ergibt sich ein Rauminhalt von 6500 m3. Als Stahlflaschen kommen standardmäßig solche mit einem Fassungsvermögen von 80 1 zur Anwendung. Bei Inertgaslöschanlagen werden diese mit einem Druck von 200 bar gefüllt, was wegen der Grenzbelastbarkeit der zur Verfügung stehenden Armaturen die derzeit obere gängige Größe ist. Bei 200 bar Flaschendruck fassen 80 1 zum Beispiel 18,3 kg Stickstoff, was dann 16 m3 Stickstoff im entspannten Zustand bei 1 bar Umgebungsdruck ergibt. Um den vorgenannten Raum mit 6500 m3 Rauminhalt mit Inertgas zu fluten, wäre dann etwa der Inhalt von 300 Stahlflaschen erforderlich. Eine solche Flasche wiegt gefüllt ca. 100 kg, was bei 300 Flaschen ein Gewicht von 30 t ausmachen würde. Hinzu käme noch das Gewicht der Rohre und der Armaturen, so daß sehr hohe Anforderungen an die Traglastfähigkeit der Lagerräume gestellt werden müßten. Darüber hinaus würde eine große Stellfläche für eine solche Anzahl von Flaschen benötigt. Somit ist deutlich, daß die Inertgaslöschtechnik bei größeren Räumen auf Probleme der Lagerfähigkeit und der Tragfähigkeit der Lagerräume stößt. Die Flaschen in einem Kellerraum zu lagern, ist auch keine zufriedenstellende Lösung, wenngleich dort die Tragfähigkeit keine Rolle spielt. Aus dem Keller heraus müßten lange Rohrleitungen in die oberen Etagen verlegt werden, was einen zusätzlichen und nachträglich häufig gar nicht zu bewältigenden Bauaufwand bedeuten würde und darüber hinaus die Einströmzeit des Inertgases unangemessen verlängert. With this "inert gas extinguishing technology", as the flooding of a fire-prone or fire-prone room is called by oxygen-displacing gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, noble gases and mixtures thereof, the oxygen-displacing gases are usually stored compressed in special adjoining rooms in steel bottles. If necessary, the gas is then piped into the room in question via pipe systems and appropriate outlet nozzles. However, extinguishing using inert gas technology poses certain problems and has clear limits with regard to the size of the room. For large rooms, for example with a base area of 20 "50 m and a height of 6.5 m, the volume of the room is 6500 m 3. As standard, steel bottles with a capacity of 80 1 are used. In inert gas extinguishing systems, these are pressurized with 200 bar filled, which is currently the current standard size due to the maximum load capacity of the fittings available. At 200 bar cylinder pressure, 80 liters hold 18.3 kg of nitrogen, for example, which then results in 16 m 3 of nitrogen in the relaxed state at 1 bar ambient pressure. In order to flood the above-mentioned room with 6500 m 3 of space with inert gas, the contents of about 300 steel bottles would be required, such a bottle weighing approximately 100 kg, which would make a weight of 30 t for 300 bottles Weight of the pipes and fittings, so that very high demands would have to be placed on the load capacity of the storage rooms Ne large footprint needed for such a number of bottles. It is therefore clear that the inert gas extinguishing technology encounters problems with the storage capacity and the load capacity of the storage rooms in larger rooms. Storing the bottles in a basement is also not a satisfactory solution, although the load-bearing capacity does not matter there. Long pipelines would have to be laid from the basement to the upper floors, which would mean additional construction work, which would often not be possible afterwards, and would also inappropriately extend the inflow time of the inert gas.
Die US-A-3 830 307 offenbart eine Vorrichtung zum Löschen von Bränden in geschlossenen Räumlichkeiten, mit einer Branderkennungsvorrichtung zum Detektieren einer Brandkenngröße in der Raumluft, und mit einem Behälter mit flüssigem oder gasförmigen Stickstoff als Inertgas. Dieses wird über eine Rohrleitung in den zu überwachenden Raum geleitet, wobei der Stickstoff in der Form von feinverteilten Tropfen durch eine Düse in den Raum gelangt und der Sauerstoffgehalt rasch auf ein bestimmtes Vollinertisierungsniveau abgesenkt wird. Dabei wird auch vorgeschlagen, zur Prävention den Sauerstoffgehalt auf 11 Vol.-% zu reduzieren. US-A-3 830 307 discloses an apparatus for deleting Fires in closed rooms, with a fire detection device for detecting a fire parameter in the room air, and with a container with liquid or gaseous Nitrogen as an inert gas. This is done via a pipeline passed into the room to be monitored, the Nitrogen in the form of finely divided drops through a Nozzle enters the room and the oxygen content quickly rises a certain level of full inertization is lowered. there It is also suggested to prevent oxygen levels to reduce to 11 vol .-%.
Als Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wurde es angesehen, ein Inertisierungsverfahren zur Minderung des Risikos von Bränden und zum Löschen von Bränden in geschlossenen Räumen anzugeben, welches ein effektives Löschen eines Brandes bei möglichst geringer Lagerkapazität für die Inertgasflaschen ermöglicht.The object of the present invention was considered to be a Inerting process to reduce the risk of fire and to indicate how to extinguish fires in closed rooms, which is an effective extinguishing of a fire with as little as possible Storage capacity for the inert gas cylinders enables.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Intertisierungsverfahren der eingangs genannten Art mit folgenden Verfahrensschritten gelöst: Zunächst wird der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem umschlossenen Raum auf ein bestimmtes Grundinertisierungsniveau von beispielsweise 16 % abgesenkt, und im Fall eines Brandes wird der Sauerstoffgehalt auf ein bestimmtes Vollinertisierungsniveau weiter auf beispielsweise 12 Vol.-% oder darunter abgesenkt. Ein Grundinertisierungsniveau von 16 Vol.-% Sauerstoffkonzentration bedeutet keinerlei Gefährdung von Personen oder Tieren, so daß diese den Raum immer noch problemlos betreten können. Das Vollinertiserungsniveau kann entweder nachts eingestellt werden, wenn keine Personen oder Tiere den betreffenden Raum betreten, oder aber direkt als Reaktion auf einen gemeldeten Brand. Bei 12 Vol.-% Sauerstoffkonzentration ist die Entflammbarkeit der meisten Materialien bereits soweit herabgesetzt, daß sich diese nicht mehr entzünden können.This task is accomplished through an integration process mentioned type solved with the following process steps: First, the oxygen content in the enclosed space to a certain basic level of inerting, for example 16% lowered, and in the event of fire, the oxygen content to a certain level of full inertization for example, 12% by volume or less. A basic level of inertization of 16 vol .-% oxygen concentration means no danger to people or animals, so that this can still easily enter the room. The full inertization level can either be set at night when no people or animals enter the room in question, or but directly in response to a reported fire. At 12 Vol .-% oxygen concentration is the flammability of most Materials already reduced so far that these can no longer ignite.
Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens liegen insbesondere darin, daß die Anzahl der im Brandfall benötigten Behälter für die Sauerstoff verdrängenden Inertgase deutlich reduziert wird. Dadurch verringern sich die Gesamtkosten der Brandverhütungs- und Brandlöschanlage erheblich. Darüber hinaus ist baulich eine kleinere Druckentlastungsvorrichtung erforderlich, da im Brandfall nur ein geringeres Gasvolumen innerhalb der kurzen zur Verfügung stehenden Zeit einströmen muß, für das baulich eine Entlastung vorgesehen werden muß.The advantages of the method according to the invention are in particular in that the number of containers needed in the event of fire significantly reduced for the oxygen displacing inert gases becomes. This reduces the overall cost of fire prevention and fire extinguishing system considerably. Beyond that structurally a smaller pressure relief device is required, because in the event of a fire, only a small gas volume within the short time available for that structural relief must be provided.
Die vorstehend genannte Aufgabe wird ferner durch eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens gelöst, die zunächst folgende Bauteile aufweist: Eine Sauerstoffmeßvorrichtung in dem zu überwachenden Raum; eine erste Anlage zur Produktion des Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gases oder zur Entnahme von Sauerstoff aus dem zu überwachenden Raum; eine zweite Anlage zum plötzlichen Einleiten eines Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gases in den zu überwachenden Raum; und eine Branderkennungsvorrichtung zum Detektieren einer Brandkenngröße in der Raumluft. Zur Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe ist eine Steuerung vorgesehen, die in Abhängigkeit des Sauerstoffgehalts der Raumluft des zu überwachenden Raumes ein Grundinertisierungssignal an die erste Anlage zur Produktion des Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gases oder zur Entnahme des Sauerstoffs abgibt, und die in Abhängigkeit eines Detektionssignals von der Branderkennungsvorrichtung ein Vollinertisierungssignal an die zweite Anlage abgibt.The above object is further achieved by a device resolved to carry out this procedure, initially has the following components: an oxygen measuring device in the room to be monitored; a first plant for the production of the Oxygen displacing gas or for the extraction of oxygen from the room to be monitored; a second attachment to the sudden Introducing an oxygen displacing gas into the monitoring room; and a fire detection device for Detection of a fire parameter in the room air. To the solution a control is provided for the task, which in Dependence of the oxygen content of the room air of the to be monitored A basic inerting signal to the first Plant for the production of the oxygen displacing gas or releases for the removal of oxygen, and that depending a detection signal from the fire detection device Outputs full inerting signal to the second system.
Diese erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung verwirklicht in idealer Weise die Verbindung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit einer Branderkennungsvorrichtung. Die erfindungsgemäße Steuerung zur Abgabe des Grundinertisierungssignals und des Vollinertisierungssignals berücksichtigt dabei die besonderen Gegebenheiten des zu überwachenden Raumes, dessen Grundinertisierungsniveau nach Größe und Art des Raumes vorher berechnet wurde.This device according to the invention is ideally implemented the connection of the inventive method with a Fire detection device. The control according to the invention Delivery of the basic inerting signal and the full inerting signal takes into account the special circumstances of the room to be monitored, its basic level of inertization according to the size and type of the room.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 - 9 angegeben, und zur Vorrichtung in den Ansprüchen 10 - 13.Advantageous developments of the method are in the subclaims 2 - 9 indicated, and to the device in the Claims 10-13.
Vorzugsweise enthält das Inertisierungsverfahren die folgenden weiteren 2 Verfahrensschritte, welche vor dem 1. Verfahrensschritt, der Absenkung des Sauerstoffgehalts auf ein bestimmtes Grundinertisierungsniveau, durchgeführt werden: Nach dieser Weiterbildung wird zunächst der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem zu überwachenden Raum gemessen und danach erfolgt in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt die Absenkung auf das Grundinertisierungsniveau in Abhängigkeit des Sauerstoff-Meßwertes. Somit paßt sich das Inertisierungsverfahren an gewisse Leckagen des Raumes an, indem eine klassische Regelung des Sauerstoffgehalts in dem zu überwachenden Raum erfolgt. Preferably, the inerting process includes the following a further 2 process steps, which take place before the 1st process step, the reduction of the oxygen content to a certain one Basic level of inertization to be carried out: After this Continuing education is first the oxygen content in the monitoring room is measured and then done in a second Process step lowering to the basic level of inertization depending on the measured oxygen value. So it fits the inerting process addresses certain leaks in the room by a classic regulation of the oxygen content in the room to be monitored.
Vorzugsweise wird ein Detektor für Brandkenngrößen in das Verfahren integriert, der im Brandfall ein Signal für die Vollinertisierung abgibt.Preferably, a detector for fire parameters is placed in the Process integrated, which signals a signal in the event of a fire Delivers full inertization.
Beispielsweise werden der Raumluft in dem zu überwachenden Raum vor der Absenkung auf ein bestimmtes Vollinertisierungsniveau ständig repräsentative Luftproben entnommen, die einem Detektor für Brandkenngrößen zugeführt werden, der im Brandfall ein Signal für die Vollinertisierung abgibt. Diese Weiterbildung ist die verfahrenstechnische Umsetzung der Verbindung einer bekannten aspirativen Branderkennungsvorrichtung mit der Inertgaslöschtechnik. Hierbei wird unter einer aspirativen Branderkennungsvorrichtung eine Branderkennungsvorrichtung verstanden, die über ein Rohrleitungs- oder Kanalsystem an einer Vielzahl von Stellen eine repräsentative Teilmenge der Raumluft aktiv ansaugt und diese Teilmenge dann einer Meßkammer mit einem Detektor zum Erfassen einer Brandkenngröße zuleitet.For example, the room air in the room to be monitored before lowering to a certain level of full inertization representative air samples taken continuously from a detector for fire parameters which are signaled in the event of fire for full inerting. This training is the procedural implementation of the connection of a known aspirative fire detection device with inert gas extinguishing technology. This is under an aspirative fire detection device understood a fire detection device, that via a pipeline or duct system on a variety a representative subset of the indoor air sucked in and this subset then a measuring chamber with a Detector for detecting a fire parameter supplied.
Unter dem Begriff "Brandkenngröße" werden physikalische Größen verstanden, die in der Umgebung eines Entstehungsbrandes meßbaren Veränderungen unterliegen, zum Beispiel die Umgebungstemperatur, der Feststoff- oder Flüssigkeits- oder Gasanteil in der Umgebungsluft (Bildung von Rauch in Form von Partikeln oder Aerosolen oder Dampf) oder die Umgebungsstrahlung.The term "fire parameter" includes physical parameters understood that can be measured in the vicinity of an incipient fire Subject to changes, for example the ambient temperature, the solid or liquid or gas content in the ambient air (formation of smoke in the form of particles or Aerosols or steam) or the ambient radiation.
Das Verfahren läßt sich in besonders vorteilhafter Weise durchführen, wenn das Grundinertisierungsniveau durch maschinelle Produktion und nachfolgende Einleitung von Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gasen oder aber durch eine maschinelle Sauerstoffentnahme erfolgt. Das ist insofern machbar, als zur Absenkung auf das Grundinertisierungsniveau mehr Zeit zur Verfügung steht, so daß eine allmähliche Reduzierung des Sauerstoffgehalts in dem entsprechenden Raum durch eine Maschine ausreicht. Demgegenüber ist für das rasche Erreichen des Vollinertisierungsniveaus vorzugsweise ein Einleiten von Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gasen in den umschlossenen Raum vorgesehen, wobei hier grundsätzlich alle Inertgase verwendet werden können. Diese können in vorteilhafter Weise in Gasbehältern bereitgestellt werden, da selbst bei größeren Räumen das zu füllende Volumen zwischen dem Grundinertisierungsniveau und dem Vollinertisierungsniveau keine Probleme mehr bereitet. Darüber hinaus ist eine maschinelle Produktion von Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gasen, beispielsweise durch eine Stickstoffmaschine, von großem Vorteil, da damit auch die Gasbehälter, die für die Vollinertisierung zuständig sind, nach Benutzung wieder aufgefüllt werden können.The method can be carried out in a particularly advantageous manner. if the basic level of inertization is due to machine Production and subsequent introduction of oxygen displacing Gases or by mechanical oxygen extraction he follows. This is feasible in that it can be reduced to that Basic inertization level more time is available, so that a gradual reduction in the oxygen content in the corresponding One machine has enough space. In contrast, is for the rapid attainment of the full inerting level preferably introducing oxygen displacing gases provided in the enclosed space, whereby here in principle all inert gases can be used. These can be more advantageous Way be provided in gas containers because even in larger rooms, the volume to be filled between the Basic inertization level and the full inertization level no more problems. In addition, one mechanical production of oxygen displacing gases, for example by a nitrogen machine, of great size Advantage, because it also means the gas containers that are used for the Full inerting are responsible after use again can be filled.
Schließlich ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, daß das Einleiten der Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gase in Abhängigkeit des in dem geschlossenen Raum gemessenen Sauerstoffgehalts erfolgt. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß immer nur die für die Vollinertisierung erforderliche Gasmenge zugeführt wird.Finally, it is preferably provided that the initiation of the Oxygen displacing gases depending on what is in the closed Room measured oxygen content takes place. Thereby is achieved that only those for full inertization required amount of gas is supplied.
Es wurde bereits erwähnt, daß einer der Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens darin zu sehen ist, daß es sich mit den bekannten Branderkennungsvorrichtungen kombinieren läßt. Bei sogenannten aspirativen Branderkennungsvorrichtungen ist eine ständige Kontrolle der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der angesaugten repräsentativen Luftteilmengen erforderlich. Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist vorgesehen, daß die Sauerstoffmeßvorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens in dem Detektorgehäuse der Branderkennungsvorrichtung integriert ist, wo auch die Luftstromüberwachungsvorrichtung angeordnet ist.It has already been mentioned that one of the advantages of the invention The procedure is to be seen in that it is with the known fire detection devices can combine. at so-called aspirative fire detection devices is one constant control of the flow velocity of the suction representative partial air quantities required. According to one Further development of the device according to the invention is provided that the oxygen measuring device for performing the method in the detector housing of the fire detection device is integrated where the airflow monitoring device is arranged.
Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Produktion der Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gase zum Erreichen des Grundinertisierungsniveaus maschinell durch eine Stickstoffmaschine oder dergleichen. Es wurde bereits erwähnt, daß damit in vorteilhafter Weise auch die für die Vollinertisierung zuständigen Gasbehälter wieder befüllt werden können, sollten sie einmal entleert worden sein.The oxygen-displacing is preferably produced Gases for reaching the basic level of inerting by a nitrogen machine or the like. It was already mentioned that this also advantageously for filled the full inertization responsible gas container once they have been emptied.
Im folgenden wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren anhand eines Flußdiagramms näher erläutert. The method according to the invention is described below using a Flow chart explained in more detail.
Zu Überwachen ist ein geschlossener Raum mit normaler Raumluft mit dem üblichen Sauerstoffanteil von 21 Vol.-%. Um das Risiko eines Brandes zu mindern, wird der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem umschlossenen Raum durch Einleiten von Stickstoff aus einer Stickstoffmaschine auf ein bestimmtes Grundinertisierungsniveau abgesenkt. Vor und gleichzeitig mit der Absenkung auf das Grundintertisierungsniveau wird der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem zu überwachenden Raum ständig gemessen. Die Sollvorgabe wurde anhand der Eigenschaften des Raumes und seiner Bestückung mit EDV-Geräten und dergleichen vorher berechnet. Eine aspirative Branderkennungsvorrichtung, die mit einem Detektor für Brandkenngrößen ausgerüstet ist, saugt über ein Rohrleitungs- oder Kanalsystem ständig repräsentative Teilmengen der Raumluft an und führt diese Teilmengen dem Detektor für die Brandkenngrößen zu. Wird eine Brandkenngröße detektiert und mit den üblichen Sicherheitsschleifen auf einen Brand erkannt, so wird der Raum rasch aus Stahlflaschen mit Stickstoff geflutet, bis eine gewünschte Sauerstoffkonzentration erreicht ist. Diese wurde vorher anhand der in dem Raum befindlichen brennbaren Materialien bestimmt.A closed room with normal room air should be monitored with the usual oxygen content of 21% by volume. To the risk of a fire will reduce the oxygen content in the enclosed Space by introducing nitrogen from a Nitrogen machine to a certain basic level of inertization lowered. Before and simultaneously with the lowering to that The basic level of interest is the oxygen content in the monitoring room constantly measured. The target was based on the properties of the room and its equipment Computer equipment and the like calculated beforehand. An aspirative Fire detection device with a detector for fire parameters is equipped, sucks via a pipeline or Duct system constantly represent representative subsets of the room air and passes these subsets to the fire parameter detector to. If a fire parameter is detected and with the usual Security loops for a fire are recognized, so is the room quickly flooded from steel bottles with nitrogen until a desired one Oxygen concentration is reached. This was beforehand based on the flammable materials in the room certainly.
Solange kein Brand vorliegt, wird mit der Sauerstoffmeßvorrichtung ständig überprüft, ob ein unterer Schwellwert einer gesundheitsgefährdenden Sauerstoffkonzentration erreicht ist. Ist dies noch nicht der Fall, erhält die Stickstoffmaschine weiterhin das Grundinertisierungssignal und flutet den Raum weiter mit Stickstoff. Ist der gesundheitsgefährdende Schwellwert erreicht, erfolgt eine Abfrage der Vorgabe, ob die Konditionen für einen Nachtbetrieb oder die Konditionen für einen Tagbetrieb hergestellt werden sollen. Soll der Raum nicht mehr durch Personen oder Tiere betreten werden, wird das Vollinertisierungssignal an die Stickstoffmaschine abgegeben, woraufhin in Abhängigkeit des gemessenen Sauerstoffgehalts eine weitere Sauerstoffverdrängung erfolgt, bis die für den Raum und die darin enthaltenen Materialien vorgegebene löschfähige Konzentration erreicht ist. Soll der Raum jedoch noch betreten werden, wird mit Hilfe der Sauerstoffmeßvorrichtung die Sauerstoffkonzentration auf einem nicht gesundheitsgefährdenden Wert von etwa 16 % gehalten.As long as there is no fire, the oxygen measuring device constantly checks whether a lower threshold of a health hazard Oxygen concentration is reached. is if this is not yet the case, the nitrogen machine continues to receive the basic inertization signal and floods the room further with nitrogen. If the health-threatening threshold is reached, there is a query as to whether the conditions for night operation or the conditions for day operation to be manufactured. Shouldn't the room through People or animals are entered, the full inertization signal given to the nitrogen machine, whereupon in Another depending on the measured oxygen content Oxygen displacement takes place until that for the room and the materials contained therein predetermined extinguishable concentration is reached. However, should the room still enter be, with the help of the oxygen measuring device Oxygen concentration on a non-health hazard Value held at around 16%.
Claims (15)
- An inerting method for reducing the risk of fires and for the extinction of fires in closed rooms, comprising the following process steps:a) the oxygen content in the enclosed room is lowered to a certain basic inerting level; andb) in the case of a fire, the oxygen content is further rapidly lowered to a certain complete inerting level.
- The method according to Claim 1,
characterized by the following additional process steps prior to process step a):a1) the oxygen content in the room to be monitored is measured;a2) the decrease to the basic inerting level is effected as a function of the measured oxygen value. - The method according to Claim 1 or 2,
characterized by the following additional process step prior to process step b):b1) a detector for fire characteristics outputs a signal for complete inerting in the case of a fire. - The method according to Claim 1 or 2,
characterized by the following additional process step prior process step b):b1) representative air samples are continuously taken from the room air of the room to be monitored, which are supplied to detector for fire characteristics, which outputs a signal for complete inerting in the case of a fire. - The method according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
characterised in thatlowering and holding of the desired basic inerting level is effected by the production and/or introduction of oxygen expelling gases. - The method according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
characterised in that
lowering and holding of the desired basic inerting level is effected by an oxygen withdrawal apparatus. - The method according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
characterised in that
the rapid further lowering of the oxygen content to the complete inerting level is effected by introducing an oxygen expelling gas into the enclosed room. - The method according to Claim 7,
characterised in that
the oxygen expelling gas is provided in gas cylinders. - The method according to one of Claims 5 to 8,
characterised in that
the introduction of the oxygen expelling gases is effected as a function of the measured oxygen content. - An apparatus for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 9, comprising
an oxygen measuring apparatus in the room to be monitored;
a first plant for the production of the oxygen expelling gas or for the withdrawal of oxygen from the room to be monitored;
a second plant for the sudden introduction of an oxygen expelling gas into the room to be monitored; and with
a fire detection apparatus for detecting a fire characteristic in the room air,
characterised by
a control unit which, as a function of the oxygen content of the room air of the room to be monitored, outputs a basic inerting signal to the first plant and, as a function of a detection signal from the fire detection apparatus, outputs a complete inerting signal to the second plant. - The apparatus according to Claim 10,
characterised in that
the fire detection apparatus is an aspiratory fire detection apparatus. - The apparatus according to Claim 11,
characterised in that
the oxygen measuring apparatus is integrated in the detector housing of the fire detection apparatus. - The apparatus according to one of Claims 10 to 12,
characterised in that
the production of the oxygen expelling gases for achieving the basic inerting level is performed mechanically, for example by means of a nitrogen machine. - The method according to one of Claims 1 to 9,
characterised in that
depending on the requirements, i.e. to which extent and at which times an accessibility of the enclosed room by humans is necessary, switching between the basic inerting level and the complete inerting level takes place. - The apparatus to one of Claims 10 to 13,
characterised in that
the control unit switches between the oxygen contents of the basic inerting level and the complete inerting level of the room to be monitored, for example, between day and night operation, under consideration of the requirements to access the room to be monitored or to man said room.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19811851 | 1998-03-18 | ||
| DE19811851A DE19811851C2 (en) | 1998-03-18 | 1998-03-18 | Inerting procedure for fire prevention and extinguishing in closed rooms |
| PCT/EP1999/001021 WO1999047210A1 (en) | 1998-03-18 | 1999-02-17 | Inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1062005A1 EP1062005A1 (en) | 2000-12-27 |
| EP1062005B1 true EP1062005B1 (en) | 2003-09-03 |
| EP1062005B2 EP1062005B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
| EP1062005B3 EP1062005B3 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
Family
ID=7861385
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99907555.9A Expired - Lifetime EP1062005B3 (en) | 1998-03-18 | 1999-02-17 | Inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1062005B3 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE248626T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU747436B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2301628C (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ297177B6 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19811851C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1062005T4 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2193902T7 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO329215B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL188349B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2212262C2 (en) |
| UA (1) | UA67746C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999047210A1 (en) |
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| US7156184B2 (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2007-01-02 | Wagner Alarm—und Sicherungssysteme GmbH | Inert rendering method with a nitrogen buffer |
| US8763712B2 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2014-07-01 | Firepass Corporation | Hypoxic aircraft fire prevention system with advanced hypoxic generator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59906865D1 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
| ES2193902T3 (en) | 2011-04-01 |
| CZ2000127A3 (en) | 2000-06-14 |
| PL338246A1 (en) | 2000-10-09 |
| WO1999047210A1 (en) | 1999-09-23 |
| ES2193902T7 (en) | 2013-12-23 |
| EP1062005A1 (en) | 2000-12-27 |
| EP1062005B3 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
| ES2193902T5 (en) | 2012-02-28 |
| NO20000791L (en) | 2000-02-17 |
| CA2301628C (en) | 2006-08-15 |
| CZ297177B6 (en) | 2006-09-13 |
| PL188349B1 (en) | 2005-01-31 |
| NO329215B1 (en) | 2010-09-13 |
| DK1062005T4 (en) | 2007-08-06 |
| EP1062005B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
| DK1062005T3 (en) | 2004-01-05 |
| UA67746C2 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
| RU2212262C2 (en) | 2003-09-20 |
| DE19811851C2 (en) | 2001-01-04 |
| AU2725899A (en) | 1999-10-11 |
| ES2193902T1 (en) | 2003-11-16 |
| DE19811851A1 (en) | 1999-09-23 |
| AU747436B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
| CA2301628A1 (en) | 1999-09-23 |
| ATE248626T1 (en) | 2003-09-15 |
| NO20000791D0 (en) | 2000-02-17 |
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