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EP1058785A1 - Device for controlling a motor vehicle starter - Google Patents

Device for controlling a motor vehicle starter

Info

Publication number
EP1058785A1
EP1058785A1 EP99961159A EP99961159A EP1058785A1 EP 1058785 A1 EP1058785 A1 EP 1058785A1 EP 99961159 A EP99961159 A EP 99961159A EP 99961159 A EP99961159 A EP 99961159A EP 1058785 A1 EP1058785 A1 EP 1058785A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
starter
power
electric motor
controlled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99961159A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1058785B1 (en
Inventor
Gérard Vilou
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS filed Critical Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
Publication of EP1058785A1 publication Critical patent/EP1058785A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1058785B1 publication Critical patent/EP1058785B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/003—Starters comprising a brake mechanism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0859—Circuits specially adapted for starting of engines specially adapted to the type of the starter motor or integrated into it
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/087—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0848—Circuits specially adapted for starting of engines with means for detecting successful engine start, e.g. to stop starter actuation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices for controlling a motor vehicle starter.
  • the power supply of the electric motor of a starter is controlled by an electromagnetic power contact (coil relay) which is actuated according to the state of the contact switch of the vehicle, either directly or by the management electronics integrated or not integrated into the starter.
  • the starter is deactivated, the armature does not return to stop immediately.
  • the armature rotation speed is maximum at the time of deactivation, then it gradually decreases as a function of time. The duration of this deceleration depends on the maximum speed, the inertia of the armature and the friction losses.
  • the stop time can reach several seconds during which the starter emits noise at different frequencies.
  • these noises cause annoyances because they are easily perceptible inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • starter structures have also been proposed in which a mechanical auxiliary contact carries out the electrical grounding of the starter motor supply terminal as soon as the starter power contact returns to its open position. .
  • An object of the invention is to provide a device which is of greater simplicity and which makes it possible to achieve braking of the electric motor of a motor vehicle starter which is reliable over time and which does not penalize the performance of said starter.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a solution for braking the electric motor of a starter which can be used in the case where said electric motor is controlled by such a static relay.
  • the invention provides a device for controlling the supply of power to the electric motor of a vehicle starter, particularly a motor starter, comprising a power switch mounted in series with said electric motor, means for controlling said switch. power, as well as an auxiliary switch which short-circuits said electric motor when the power switch opens, characterized in that said auxiliary switch is a static electronic component.
  • a static electronic component is a transistor;
  • the auxiliary switch is controlled by a microcontroller which manages the control of the power supply to the electric motor;
  • the static electronic component which constitutes the auxiliary switch is controlled by a pulse signal with modulated width
  • the device comprises shunt type means which are connected to an analog / digital input of the microcontroller and which transmit to said input a voltage proportional to the intensity of the current flowing through the static electronic component which constitutes the switch;
  • the device includes means for closing the auxiliary switch when the starter contact switch and the power contact (K) are open and to open it in other cases.
  • the invention also relates to a starter of a vehicle, in particular an automobile, comprising an electric motor, a pinion driven by said motor, means for moving said pinion from a rest position to a position where it meshes with a crown of the heat engine, as well as a device of the aforementioned type for controlling the supply of its electric motor.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a starter comprising a control device according to another possible embodiment for the invention.
  • the starter D shown in FIG. 1 comprises an electric motor M and a power contactor 1.
  • This electric motor M is mounted between earth and a + Bat terminal at the battery supply voltage.
  • the power contactor 1 is, in the particular example which is shown in the figure, a mechanical relay. It includes a movable contact K, which is interposed between the supply terminal + Bat and the motor M, as well as a winding B, the supply of which moves the pinion of the starter and closes the contact K.
  • This coil B is mounted, between the + Bat terminal and earth, in series with a controlled switch T1.
  • This switch T1 is for example a MOSFET type transistor, the gate of which is voltage-controlled by an output terminal if from a management unit 2.
  • a switch T2 is mounted in parallel with the motor M, between the two ends of that -this.
  • This switch T2 is also controlled by the management unit 2. It is for example constituted by a MOSFET type transistor, the gate of which is voltage-controlled by an output terminal s2 of said management unit 2.
  • a resistor R2 mounted between the gate of transistor T2 and the ground puts said gate at the same potential as the source of transistor T2 in the absence of a signal on output s2.
  • the management unit 2 is constituted by a microcontroller, an analog input e1 of which is connected to the power supply terminal + Bat by means of a switch 3, which constitutes the vehicle start switch.
  • This management unit 2 is constantly powered up and is therefore supplied with the voltage delivered by the + Bat terminal by a link independent of that on which the start switch 3 is located. It incorporates a standby system, not shown, which allows electronic consumption to be limited when the vehicle is not operating and thus prevents the battery from being discharged too quickly.
  • the output if of the electronic circuit delivers on the grid of T1 a pulse voltage with modulated width which makes it possible to supply the coil B according to a determined current law.
  • the voltage which is supplied controls the gate of the transistor T1 so that a high "inrush current" crosses the winding B to move the starter pinion and close the contact K.
  • the gate of the transistor T1 is controlled so as to deliver to the winding B a "holding" current of lower intensity.
  • the management unit 2 When the management unit 2 detects the start of the thermal engine, its output if goes low and blocks the transistor T1, which deactivates the starter. Simultaneously, its output s2 goes high, turning on the transistor T2 and thus short-circuiting the electric motor M. As long as the armature turns, the starter operates as a generator. The kinetic energy of the rotor is dissipated by the Joules effect in the transistor T2, the armature of the motor M and the electrical connections. This results in rapid braking of the armature.
  • a first possibility for this purpose is to have in series with the transistor T2 an additional resistor (not shown) making it possible to reduce the short-circuit current.
  • Another solution consists in driving the gate of transistor T2 with a pulse width modulated voltage.
  • the duty cycle of this control voltage can then: - either respond to a variation law stored in the management unit 2 (open-loop control);
  • the contact K is replaced by a static relay, which is for example a power MOSFET transistor whose gate is controlled by an output of the management unit 2.
  • the supply of the coil B then ensures only the movement of the starter pinion.
  • a device for controlling the power supply to the electric motor of a starter comprising a static relay has already been described in patent application FR-98.11550 of the applicant, to which reference will advantageously be made. Also in a variant, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the starter contact switch 3 can directly control the contact K, instead of controlling it via the management unit 2.
  • the relay 1 comprises two windings B1, B2, one common point of which is connected to the end of the contact switch 3 opposite the terminal + Bat.
  • the end of the winding B1 opposite to this common point is connected to ground, while the end of the winding B2 which is opposite to this common point is connected to a point between the contact K and the motor M.
  • a MOSFET transistor T2 is mounted in parallel between the ends of the motor M.
  • the gate of this transistor T2 is voltage-controlled by an output if from a management unit 2. It is also connected to ground via a resistor R2.
  • This management unit 2 is powered by the + Bat terminal. It receives on an input e1 the voltage at the end of the contact switch 3.
  • the input e1 of the management unit 2 allows said management unit to know the state (open or closed) of the ignition key 3.
  • the voltage difference between the inputs e2 and e3 allows said management unit 2 to know the state (open or closed) of the power contact K, by comparison with a reference threshold Vref.
  • the winding B2 When the contact K is closed, the winding B2 is in short circuit, while the winding B1 maintains said power contact K in its closed position.
  • the transistor T2 is then controlled by the management unit 2 so as to be on when the contact switch 3 and the power contact K are open, and to be closed otherwise.
  • transistor T2 is controlled according to the following truth table:

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Motor And Converter Starters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a device for controlling the power supply of an electric motor (M) of a vehicle, particularly a motor vehicle, starter (D), comprising a power switch (K) mounted in series with said electric motor (M), means (2, B) for controlling said power switch (K), and an auxiliary switch (T2) which shorts out said electric motor when the power switch opens. The invention is characterised in that said auxiliary switch is a static electronic component (T2).

Description

DISPOSITIF POUR LA COMMANDE D'UN DEMARREUR DE VEHICULE DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING A VEHICLE STARTER
AUTOMOBILE La présente invention est relative aux dispositifs pour la commande d'un démarreur de véhicule automobile. Classiquement, l'alimentation du moteur électrique d'un démarreur est commandée par un contact de puissance électromagnétique (relais à bobinage) qui est actionné en fonction de l'état de l'interrupteur de contact du véhicule, soit directement, soit par l'intermédiaire d'une électronique de gestion intégrée ou non au démarreur. Lorsque, après démarrage du moteur thermique, le démarreur est désactivé, le retour à l'arrêt de l'induit n'est pas immédiat. La vitesse de rotation de l'induit est maximale au moment de la désactivation, puis elle se réduit progressivement en fonction du temps. La durée de ce ralentissement dépend de la vitesse maximale, de l'inertie de l'induit et des pertes par frottement.AUTOMOTIVE The present invention relates to devices for controlling a motor vehicle starter. Conventionally, the power supply of the electric motor of a starter is controlled by an electromagnetic power contact (coil relay) which is actuated according to the state of the contact switch of the vehicle, either directly or by the management electronics integrated or not integrated into the starter. When, after starting the engine, the starter is deactivated, the armature does not return to stop immediately. The armature rotation speed is maximum at the time of deactivation, then it gradually decreases as a function of time. The duration of this deceleration depends on the maximum speed, the inertia of the armature and the friction losses.
Pour des démarreurs conventionnels, la durée d'arrêt peut atteindre plusieurs secondes pendant lesquelles le démarreur émet du bruit à différentes fréquences. Généralement, ces bruits provoquent des désagréments car ils sont facilement perceptibles à l'intérieur de l'habitacle du véhicule.For conventional starters, the stop time can reach several seconds during which the starter emits noise at different frequencies. Generally, these noises cause annoyances because they are easily perceptible inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
Pour réduire ces désagréments, on cherche à diminuer le temps de ralentissement de façon à ce qu'il soit suffisamment faible pour éviter que la structure du démarreur et ses composants n'entrent en résonance.To reduce these inconveniences, it is sought to reduce the deceleration time so that it is sufficiently small to prevent the structure of the starter and its components from coming into resonance.
A cet effet, il a déjà été proposé de freiner mécaniquement l'induit du moteur électrique du démarreur par une rondelle de frottement disposée entre ledit induit et un palier du stator.To this end, it has already been proposed to mechanically brake the armature of the electric starter motor by a friction washer arranged between said armature and a bearing of the stator.
Toutefois, un tel freinage mécanique présente l'inconvénient d'être permanent, et notamment d'être présent pendant toute la durée du fonctionnement du démarreur. Le rendement de celui-ci en est considérablement réduit. En outre, un tel freinage n'est pas fiable dans le temps, son efficacité évolue avec l'usure des parties frottantes.However, such mechanical braking has the disadvantage of being permanent, and in particular of being present throughout the duration of the operation of the starter. The yield thereof is considerably reduced. In addition, such braking is not reliable over time, its effectiveness changes with the wear of the friction parts.
Pour palier ces inconvénients, il a également été proposé des structures de démarreur dans lesquelles un contact auxiliaire mécanique réalise la mise à la masse électrique de la borne d'alimentation du moteur du démarreur dès que le contact de puissance du démarreur revient dans sa position ouverte.To overcome these drawbacks, starter structures have also been proposed in which a mechanical auxiliary contact carries out the electrical grounding of the starter motor supply terminal as soon as the starter power contact returns to its open position. .
Un but de l'invention est de proposer un dispositif qui est d'une plus grande simplicité et qui permet de réaliser un freinage du moteur électrique d'un démarreur de véhicule automobile qui est fiable dans le temps et qui ne pénalise pas le rendement dudit démarreur.An object of the invention is to provide a device which is of greater simplicity and which makes it possible to achieve braking of the electric motor of a motor vehicle starter which is reliable over time and which does not penalize the performance of said starter.
La demanderesse a récemment proposé dans sa demande de brevet FR 98-11.550 un dispositif pour la commande de l'alimentation du moteur électrique d'un démarreur dans lequel le contact de puissance n'est pas un contact mobile, mais est un relais statique constitué par un composant électronique commandable, tel qu'un transistor de puissance.The applicant recently proposed in its patent application FR 98-11.550 a device for controlling the supply of power to the electric motor of a starter in which the power contact is not a movable contact, but is a static relay constituted by a controllable electronic component, such as a power transistor.
Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer une solution pour le freinage du moteur électrique d'un démarreur qui puisse être utilisée dans le cas où ledit moteur électrique est commandé par un tel relais statique. A cet effet, l'invention propose un dispositif pour la commande de l'alimentation du moteur électrique d'un démarreur de véhicule, notamment automobile, comportant un commutateur de puissance monté en série avec ledit moteur électrique, des moyens pour commander ledit commutateur de puissance, ainsi qu'un commutateur auxiliaire qui court-circuite ledit moteur électrique lorsque le commutateur de puissance s'ouvre, caractérisé en ce que ledit commutateur auxiliaire est un composant électronique statique.Another object of the invention is to propose a solution for braking the electric motor of a starter which can be used in the case where said electric motor is controlled by such a static relay. To this end, the invention provides a device for controlling the supply of power to the electric motor of a vehicle starter, particularly a motor starter, comprising a power switch mounted in series with said electric motor, means for controlling said switch. power, as well as an auxiliary switch which short-circuits said electric motor when the power switch opens, characterized in that said auxiliary switch is a static electronic component.
Cette solution permet de maîtriser le ralentissement de l'induit avec une structure d'une grande simplicité.This solution makes it possible to control the slowdown of the armature with a structure of great simplicity.
Elle est en outre compatible avec l'utilisation d'un composant électronique statique de puissance pour réaliser le commutateur de puissance du démarreur. Le dispositif proposé par l'invention est par ailleurs avantageusement complété par les différentes caractéristiques suivantes prises seules ou selon toutes leurs combinaisons possibles :It is also compatible with the use of a static electronic power component to make the starter power switch. The device proposed by the invention is also advantageously supplemented by the following different characteristics taken alone or in all their possible combinations:
- un composant électronique statique est un transistor ; - le commutateur auxiliaire est commandé par un microcontrôleur qui gère la commande de l'alimentation du moteur électrique ;- a static electronic component is a transistor; - the auxiliary switch is controlled by a microcontroller which manages the control of the power supply to the electric motor;
- le composant électronique statique qui constitue le commutateur est monté en série avec une résistance ;- the static electronic component which constitutes the switch is connected in series with a resistor;
- le composant électronique statique qui constitue le commutateur auxiliaire est commandé par un signal à impulsions à largeur modulée ;- the static electronic component which constitutes the auxiliary switch is controlled by a pulse signal with modulated width;
- le composant électronique statique qui constitue le commutateur est commandé en boucle ouverte ;- the static electronic component which constitutes the switch is controlled in open loop;
- le composant électronique statique qui constitue le commutateur est commandé en fonction de l'intensité du courant qui le traverse ; - le dispositif comporte des moyens de type shunt qui sont reliés à une entrée analogique/numérique du microcontrôleur et qui transmettent à ladite entrée une tension proportionnelle à l'intensité du courant qui traverse le composant électronique statique qui constitue le commutateur ;the static electronic component which constitutes the switch is controlled as a function of the intensity of the current flowing through it; - The device comprises shunt type means which are connected to an analog / digital input of the microcontroller and which transmit to said input a voltage proportional to the intensity of the current flowing through the static electronic component which constitutes the switch;
- le dispositif comporte des moyens pour fermer le commutateur auxiliaire lorsque l'interrupteur de contact du démarreur et le contact de puissance (K) sont ouverts et pour l'ouvrir dans les autres cas.- The device includes means for closing the auxiliary switch when the starter contact switch and the power contact (K) are open and to open it in other cases.
L'invention concerne également un démarreur de véhicule, notamment automobile, comportant un moteur électrique, un pignon entraîné par ledit moteur, des moyens pour déplacer ledit pignon d'une position de repos à une position où il engrène avec une couronne du moteur thermique, ainsi qu'un dispositif du type précité pour commander l'alimentation de son moteur électrique.The invention also relates to a starter of a vehicle, in particular an automobile, comprising an electric motor, a pinion driven by said motor, means for moving said pinion from a rest position to a position where it meshes with a crown of the heat engine, as well as a device of the aforementioned type for controlling the supply of its electric motor.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront encore de la description qui suit, qui est purement illustrative et non limitative et qui doit être lue en regard des figures annexées sur lesquelles : - la figure 1 représente schématiquement un démarreur comportant un dispositif de commande conforme à un mode de réalisation possible de l'invention ;Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, which is purely illustrative and not limiting and which should be read with reference to the appended figures in which: - Figure 1 schematically shows a starter comprising a control device according to a possible embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 2 représente schématiquement un démarreur comportant un dispositif de commande conforme à un autre mode de réalisation possible pour l'invention.- Figure 2 shows schematically a starter comprising a control device according to another possible embodiment for the invention.
Le démarreur D représenté sur la figure 1 comporte un moteur électrique M et un contacteur de puissance 1.The starter D shown in FIG. 1 comprises an electric motor M and a power contactor 1.
Ce moteur électrique M est monté entre la masse et une borne +Bat à la tension d'alimentation de la batterie.This electric motor M is mounted between earth and a + Bat terminal at the battery supply voltage.
Le contacteur de puissance 1 est, dans l'exemple particulier qui est représenté sur la figure, un relais mécanique. Il comprend un contact mobile K, qui est interposé entre la borne d'alimentation +Bat et le moteur M, ainsi qu'un bobinage B dont l'alimentation déplace le pignon du démarreur et ferme le contact K.The power contactor 1 is, in the particular example which is shown in the figure, a mechanical relay. It includes a movable contact K, which is interposed between the supply terminal + Bat and the motor M, as well as a winding B, the supply of which moves the pinion of the starter and closes the contact K.
Ce bobinage B est monté, entre la borne +Bat et la masse, en série avec un interrupteur commandé T1. Cet interrupteur T1 est par exemple un transistor de type MOSFET, dont la grille est commandée en tension par une borne de sortie si d'une unité de gestion 2. Un interrupteur T2 est monté en parallèle au moteur M, entre les deux extrémités de celui-ci. Cet interrupteur T2 est également commandé par l'unité de gestion 2. Il est par exemple constitué par un transistor de type MOSFET, dont la grille est commandée en tension par une borne de sortie s2 de ladite unité de gestion 2. Une résistance R2 montée entre la grille du transistor T2 et la masse met ladite grille au même potentiel que la source du transistor T2 en l'absence de signal sur la sortie s2.This coil B is mounted, between the + Bat terminal and earth, in series with a controlled switch T1. This switch T1 is for example a MOSFET type transistor, the gate of which is voltage-controlled by an output terminal if from a management unit 2. A switch T2 is mounted in parallel with the motor M, between the two ends of that -this. This switch T2 is also controlled by the management unit 2. It is for example constituted by a MOSFET type transistor, the gate of which is voltage-controlled by an output terminal s2 of said management unit 2. A resistor R2 mounted between the gate of transistor T2 and the ground puts said gate at the same potential as the source of transistor T2 in the absence of a signal on output s2.
L'unité de gestion 2 est constituée par un microcontrôleur dont une entrée analogique e1 est reliée à la borne d'alimentation +Bat par l'intermédiaire d'un interrupteur 3, qui constitue l'interrupteur de démarrage du véhicule.The management unit 2 is constituted by a microcontroller, an analog input e1 of which is connected to the power supply terminal + Bat by means of a switch 3, which constitutes the vehicle start switch.
Elle assure différentes fonctions : - analyse de l'état ouvert ou fermé de l'interrupteur de démarrage 3 et gestion de la séquence d'alimentation du moteur M en fonction de cette information ;It performs various functions: - analysis of the open or closed state of the start switch 3 and management of the supply sequence of the motor M as a function of this information;
- arrêt automatique du démarreur lorsque le moteur thermique est démarré ; protection du démarreur contre d'éventuelles surcharges ou fausses manoeuvres.- automatic starter stop when the engine is started; protection of the starter against possible overloads or false operations.
Cette unité de gestion 2 est constamment sous tension et est à cet effet alimentée à la tension délivrée par la borne +Bat par une liaison indépendante de celle sur laquelle se trouve l'interrupteur de démarrage 3. Elle intègre un système de mise en veille, non représenté, qui permet de limiter la consommation électronique lorsque le véhicule ne fonctionne pas et évite ainsi une décharge trop rapide de la batterie.This management unit 2 is constantly powered up and is therefore supplied with the voltage delivered by the + Bat terminal by a link independent of that on which the start switch 3 is located. It incorporates a standby system, not shown, which allows electronic consumption to be limited when the vehicle is not operating and thus prevents the battery from being discharged too quickly.
Le fonctionnement du montage qui vient d'être décrit est le suivant. Lorsque l'interrupteur de démarrage 3 est fermé, par exemple par l'actionnement de la clé de contact, le système de veille est inhibé par l'apparition de la tension de la borne +Bat sur l'entrée e1 de l'unité de gestion 2 et la séquence de démarrage est activée.The operation of the assembly which has just been described is as follows. When the start switch 3 is closed, for example by actuation of the ignition key, the standby system is inhibited by the appearance of the voltage of the terminal + Bat on the input e1 of the control unit. management 2 and the start sequence is activated.
Si les différentes fonctions de protection du démarreur ne décèlent aucune anomalie, la sortie si du circuit électronique délivre sur la grille de T1 une tension à impulsions à largeur modulée qui permet d'alimenter la bobine B suivant une loi de courant déterminée. Dans un premier temps, la tension qui est délivrée commande la grille du transistor T1 de façon qu'un "courant d'appel" de forte intensité traverse le bobinage B pour déplacer le pignon du démarreur et fermer le contact K. Dans un deuxième temps, lorsque le pignon engrène avec le moteur thermique et que le contact K est fermé, la grille du transistor T1 est commandée de façon à délivrer au bobinage B un courant de « maintien » de plus faible intensité.If the various protection functions of the starter do not detect any anomaly, the output if of the electronic circuit delivers on the grid of T1 a pulse voltage with modulated width which makes it possible to supply the coil B according to a determined current law. Firstly, the voltage which is supplied controls the gate of the transistor T1 so that a high "inrush current" crosses the winding B to move the starter pinion and close the contact K. Secondly , when the pinion meshes with the heat engine and the contact K is closed, the gate of the transistor T1 is controlled so as to deliver to the winding B a "holding" current of lower intensity.
Lorsque l'unité de gestion 2 détecte le démarrage du moteur thermique, sa sortie si passe à l'état bas et bloque le transistor T1 , ce qui désactive le démarreur. Simultanément, sa sortie s2 passe à l'état haut, rendant passant le transistor T2 et court-circuitant ainsi le moteur électrique M. Tant que l'induit tourne, le démarreur fonctionne en génératrice. L'énergie cinétique du rotor est dissipée par effet Joules dans le transistor T2, l'induit du moteur M et les liaisons électriques. Il s'ensuit un freinage rapide de l'induit.When the management unit 2 detects the start of the thermal engine, its output if goes low and blocks the transistor T1, which deactivates the starter. Simultaneously, its output s2 goes high, turning on the transistor T2 and thus short-circuiting the electric motor M. As long as the armature turns, the starter operates as a generator. The kinetic energy of the rotor is dissipated by the Joules effect in the transistor T2, the armature of the motor M and the electrical connections. This results in rapid braking of the armature.
Il est toutefois souhaitable que la décélération ne soit pas trop brutale, de façon à éviter l'apparition des surcharges mécaniques accompagnées de bruits.It is however desirable that the deceleration is not too sudden, so as to avoid the appearance of mechanical overloads accompanied by noises.
Une première possibilité à cet effet est de disposer en série avec le transistor T2 une résistance supplémentaire (non représentée) permettant de réduire le courant de court-circuit.A first possibility for this purpose is to have in series with the transistor T2 an additional resistor (not shown) making it possible to reduce the short-circuit current.
Une autre solution consiste à piloter la grille du transistor T2 avec une tension à impulsions à largeur modulée. Le rapport cyclique de cette tension de commande peut alors : - soit répondre à une loi de variation mémorisée dans l'unité de gestion 2 (commande en boucle ouverte) ;Another solution consists in driving the gate of transistor T2 with a pulse width modulated voltage. The duty cycle of this control voltage can then: - either respond to a variation law stored in the management unit 2 (open-loop control);
- soit réguler le courant de court-circuit en comparant la valeur instantanée de ce courant par rapport à une valeur de consigne (commande en boucle fermée), des moyens de type "shunt" (non représentés) permettant de transmettre sur une entrée analogique/numérique de l'unité de gestion 2 une tension proportionnelle à l'intensité du courant traversant le transistor T2. D'autres variantes de l'invention sont bien entendu possibles. En particulier, dans une variante avantageuse, le contact K est remplacé par un relais statique, qui est par exemple un transistor MOSFET de puissance dont la grille est commandée par une sortie de l'unité de gestion 2. L'alimentation de la bobine B n'assure alors que le déplacement du pignon du démarreur. Un dispositif de commande de l'alimentation du moteur électrique d'un démarreur comportant un relais statique à déjà été décrit dans la demande de brevet FR-98.11550 de la demanderesse, à laquelle on se rapportera avantageusement. En variante également, ainsi qu'illustré sur la figure 2, l'interrupteur 3 de contact du démarreur peut commander directement le contact K, au lieu de le commander par l'intermédiaire de l'unité de gestion 2.- either regulate the short-circuit current by comparing the instantaneous value of this current with respect to a set value (closed-loop control), means of the “shunt” type (not shown) making it possible to transmit on an analog input / digital of the management unit 2 a voltage proportional to the intensity of the current passing through the transistor T2. Other variants of the invention are of course possible. In particular, in an advantageous variant, the contact K is replaced by a static relay, which is for example a power MOSFET transistor whose gate is controlled by an output of the management unit 2. The supply of the coil B then ensures only the movement of the starter pinion. A device for controlling the power supply to the electric motor of a starter comprising a static relay has already been described in patent application FR-98.11550 of the applicant, to which reference will advantageously be made. Also in a variant, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the starter contact switch 3 can directly control the contact K, instead of controlling it via the management unit 2.
Dans l'exemple illustré sur la figure 2, le relais 1 comporte deux bobinages B1 , B2, dont un point commun est relié à l'extrémité de l'interrupteur de contact 3 opposée à la borne +Bat. L'extrémité du bobinage B1 opposée à ce point commun est reliée à la masse, tandis que l'extrémité du bobinage B2 qui est opposée à ce point commun est reliée à un point entre le contact K et le moteur M. De la même façon que pour le montage de la figure 1 , un transistor MOSFET T2 est monté en parallèle entre les extrémités du moteur M.In the example illustrated in FIG. 2, the relay 1 comprises two windings B1, B2, one common point of which is connected to the end of the contact switch 3 opposite the terminal + Bat. The end of the winding B1 opposite to this common point is connected to ground, while the end of the winding B2 which is opposite to this common point is connected to a point between the contact K and the motor M. In the same way that for the assembly of FIG. 1, a MOSFET transistor T2 is mounted in parallel between the ends of the motor M.
La grille de ce transistor T2 est commandée en tension par une sortie si d'une unité de gestion 2. Elle est par ailleurs reliée à la masse par l'intermédiaire d'une résistance R2.The gate of this transistor T2 is voltage-controlled by an output if from a management unit 2. It is also connected to ground via a resistor R2.
Cette unité de gestion 2 est alimentée par la borne +Bat. Elle reçoit sur une entrée e1 la tension à l'extrémité de l'interrupteur de contact 3.This management unit 2 is powered by the + Bat terminal. It receives on an input e1 the voltage at the end of the contact switch 3.
Elle reçoit sur une entrée e2 la tension de la borne +Bat et sur une entrée e3 la tension en un point entre le moteur M et le contact de puissance K.It receives on an input e2 the voltage of the + Bat terminal and on an input e3 the voltage at a point between the motor M and the power contact K.
Ainsi, l'entrée e1 de l'unité de gestion 2 permet à ladite unité de gestion de connaître l'état (ouvert ou fermé) de la clé de contact 3.Thus, the input e1 of the management unit 2 allows said management unit to know the state (open or closed) of the ignition key 3.
La différence de tension entre les entrées e2 et e3 permet à ladite unité de gestion 2 de connaître l'état (ouvert ou fermé) du contact de puissance K, par comparaison à un seuil de référence Vref.The voltage difference between the inputs e2 and e3 allows said management unit 2 to know the state (open or closed) of the power contact K, by comparison with a reference threshold Vref.
A la fermeture de l'interrupteur de contact 3, il s'établit dans les bobinages B1 et B2 un courant qui génère un champ magnétique d'appel pour le contact K.When the contact switch 3 closes, a current is established in the windings B1 and B2 which generates a magnetic field of appeal for the contact K.
Lorsque le contact K est fermé, le bobinage B2 est en court-circuit, tandis que le bobinage B1 réalise le maintien dudit contact de puissance K dans sa position fermée. Le transistor T2 est alors commandé par l'unité de gestion 2 de façon à être passant lorsque l'interrupteur de contact 3 et le contact de puissance K sont ouverts, et à être fermés sinon.When the contact K is closed, the winding B2 is in short circuit, while the winding B1 maintains said power contact K in its closed position. The transistor T2 is then controlled by the management unit 2 so as to be on when the contact switch 3 and the power contact K are open, and to be closed otherwise.
Plus précisément, le transistor T2 est commandé selon la table de vérité suivante :More precisely, the transistor T2 is controlled according to the following truth table:

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif pour la commande de l'alimentation du moteur électrique (M) d'un démarreur (D) de véhicule, notamment automobile, comportant un commutateur de puissance (K) monté en série avec ledit moteur électrique (M), des moyens (2, B) pour commander ledit commutateur de puissance (K), ainsi qu'un commutateur auxiliaire (T2) qui court-circuite ledit moteur électrique lorsque le commutateur de puissance s'ouvre, caractérisé en ce que ledit commutateur auxiliaire est un composant électronique statique (T2).1. Device for controlling the supply of power to the electric motor (M) of a starter motor (D) of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, comprising a power switch (K) mounted in series with said electric motor (M), means (2, B) for controlling said power switch (K), as well as an auxiliary switch (T2) which short-circuits said electric motor when the power switch opens, characterized in that said auxiliary switch is a component static electronics (T2).
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le commutateur de puissance (K) est un composant électronique statique de puissance.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the power switch (K) is a static electronic power component.
3. Dispositif selon l'une des, revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'un composant électronique statique (T2) est un transistor.3. Device according to one of, Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a static electronic component (T2) is a transistor.
4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le commutateur auxiliaire (T2) est commandé par un microcontrôleur (2) qui gère la commande de l'alimentation du moteur électrique.4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the auxiliary switch (T2) is controlled by a microcontroller (2) which manages the control of the supply of the electric motor.
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le composant électronique statique (T2) qui constitue le commutateur auxiliaire est monté en série avec une résistance.5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the static electronic component (T2) which constitutes the auxiliary switch is mounted in series with a resistor.
6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le composant électronique statique (T2) qui constitue le commutateur auxiliaire est commandé par un signal à impulsions à largeur modulée. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the static electronic component (T2) which constitutes the auxiliary switch is controlled by a pulse signal with modulated width.
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le composant électronique statique (T2) qui constitue le commutateur est commandé en boucle ouverte.7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the static electronic component (T2) which constitutes the switch is controlled in open loop.
8. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le composant électronique statique (T2) qui constitue le commutateur est commandé en fonction de l'intensité du courant qui le traverse. 8. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the static electronic component (T2) which constitutes the switch is controlled as a function of the intensity of the current flowing through it.
9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le contact de puissance (K) du démarreur est commandé directement par l'interrupteur de contact du véhicule et en ce que ledit dispositif comporte des moyens pour fermer le commutateur auxiliaire (T2) lorsque l'interrupteur de contact (3) du démarreur (D) et le contact de puissance (K) sont ouverts et pour l'ouvrir dans les autres cas.9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power contact (K) of the starter is controlled directly by the vehicle contact switch and in that said device comprises means for closing the auxiliary switch ( T2) when the contact switch (3) of the starter (D) and the power contact (K) are open and to open it in other cases.
10. Démarreur de véhicule, notamment automobile, comportant un moteur électrique, un pignon entraîné par ledit moteur, des moyens pour déplacer ledit pignon d'une position de repos à une position où il engrène avec une couronne du moteur thermique, un dispositif pour commander l'alimentation de son moteur électrique, caractérisé en ce que ce dispositif est du type selon l'une des revendications précédentes. 10. starter of a vehicle, in particular an automobile, comprising an electric motor, a pinion driven by said motor, means for moving said pinion from a rest position to a position where it meshes with a crown of the heat engine, a device for controlling the power supply of its electric motor, characterized in that this device is of the type according to one of the preceding claims.
EP99961159A 1998-12-23 1999-12-23 Device for controlling a motor vehicle starter Expired - Lifetime EP1058785B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9816327 1998-12-23
FR9816327A FR2787946B1 (en) 1998-12-23 1998-12-23 DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING A STARTER OF A MOTOR VEHICLE
PCT/FR1999/003271 WO2000039453A1 (en) 1998-12-23 1999-12-23 Device for controlling a motor vehicle starter

Publications (2)

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EP1058785A1 true EP1058785A1 (en) 2000-12-13
EP1058785B1 EP1058785B1 (en) 2003-02-05

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EP (1) EP1058785B1 (en)
KR (1) KR100639165B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1107799C (en)
BR (1) BR9908185A (en)
DE (1) DE69905239T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2192875T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2787946B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2000039453A1 (en)

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US6486625B1 (en) 2002-11-26
KR20010041237A (en) 2001-05-15
CN1107799C (en) 2003-05-07
FR2787946A1 (en) 2000-06-30
BR9908185A (en) 2000-10-24
CN1292849A (en) 2001-04-25
DE69905239T2 (en) 2003-11-06
ES2192875T3 (en) 2003-10-16
EP1058785B1 (en) 2003-02-05
KR100639165B1 (en) 2006-10-27
DE69905239D1 (en) 2003-03-13
WO2000039453A1 (en) 2000-07-06
FR2787946B1 (en) 2001-03-23

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