EP0927792A2 - Paving element - Google Patents

Abstract

A paving stone element, in particular made of concrete, is described which has a floor plan composed of several rectangular surfaces and can be interlocked with other paving stone elements and laid without continuous joints. The paving stone element has spacers in particular on its side surfaces. Such a spacer is wedge-shaped in plan and arranged in the area of an inner edge of the paving stone element. Another spacer is located on a side surface of the paving stone element. If the paving stone elements are laid in the association, they interlock without any continuous joints, so that a particularly effective association and thus a high level of security against displacement, twisting or tilting of the individual paving stone elements in the paving structure is created. The special design of the spacers ensures that a paving stone element can be easily inserted into an existing gap in an already installed bandage.

Description

The present invention relates to a paving stone element, especially made of concrete.

Paving surfaces made of single paving stones are known and are often used in a demanding design environment their scale-forming quality of flat, unorganized Preferred coverings.

In pavement areas built from such individual paving stones however, high dynamic loads occur in particular by accelerating and braking vehicles and due to shear forces when cornering heavy vehicles. As a result, individual paving stones can first and individually then tilted over a large area, twisted or in a bandage be moved, causing the pavement structure gets destroyed.

Compound paving systems, in which the composite elements usually applied to the side surface of the stones or are integrated in these counteract this. However, their stability is for some loads not sufficient or the systems are unsatisfactory in terms of design.

The present invention is therefore based on the object to create a paving stone element that is high Can absorb loads, a high degree of design Offers quality and freedom, economically producible and is easy to lay.

This object is achieved with a paving stone element 1 solved.

Advantageous refinements are the subject of the dependent claims.

The paving stone element designed according to the invention is designed so that several paving stone elements form-fitting can be laid to a composite plaster. The individual paving stone elements grip without continuous joints in one another, so that a particularly effective Association or association and thus a high level of security against shifting, twisting or tilting of the individual Paving stone elements are created in the paving structure.

Preferably, those designed according to the invention Paving stone element all adjacent rectangular areas with their entire contact edges together. To this There is a way between adjacent rectangular areas no offset. In a further embodiment of the invention however, there are individual adjacent rectangular areas only with a part of their entire contact edges to each other, so that between adjacent rectangular areas a corresponding offset results. All embodiments the invention is in any case common that it have at least one vertical inner edge that formed by two side surfaces of the paving stone element is, these side surfaces each to a cuboid Belong section, the bottom or top of which forms a corresponding rectangular area.

Further preferred embodiments of the invention are by three L-shaped rectangular surfaces, by four L-shaped rectangular areas, through four T-shaped arranged rectangular areas by four S-shaped ones Rectangular surfaces and five U-shaped ones Rectangular areas marked.

In the embodiment, the individual is adjacent Rectangular areas with only part of their total contact edges one embodiment is preferred, in which three rectangular areas arranged in a row are present, the middle of which is laterally offset is.

To get a regular laying pattern, these are Rectangular areas preferably the same size. As desired they can be square.

To give the visual impression that in the Floor plan composed of several rectangular areas Stone the rectangular areas arranged independently of each other and thus cuboid single paving stone elements available are preferably in the material of the visible surface of the Paving stone element several less by dummy joints Deep, separate shapes in the form of paving stone heads trained who along with the dummy joints Cover the base of the element. In another embodiment are in the visible surface of the paving stone element several paving stone heads separated by dummy joints made of natural stone or the like used together with the dummy joints cover the base of the element.

The formations in the form of paving stone heads or the Paving stone heads appropriately agree in the floor plan with the rectangular areas subtracting the dummy joints.

In a development of the invention, the paving stone element spacers on its side faces to a Provide joints and / or with spacers from others Elements to interlock. That way a joint between adjacent elements when laying ensured. These spacers are useful ledge-shaped and extend over the entire Height of the side surface or only over part of it, to give the impression when viewed from above to convey a continuous joint. With a special Embodiments are first, on the outside the outer cuboid runs vertically, almost element-high Spacers with half cylinder profile and second, vertical at the connecting lines of the outer cuboids with the middle cuboid in the area by the offset of the middle Cuboid resulting gap along arranged Spacers with fillet profile arranged.

The situation generally occurs when laying plaster that a paving stone had already been laid Stone formation must be inserted so that it is on three sides Contact with stones that have already been laid. This is also in the paving stone element designed according to the invention the case. Here, a rectangular part of a more complex stone element in the already laid stone formation be inserted. Because the paving stones never come in their exact, but only in an almost exact Filed position, it is required to last position correction by moving the stone to be inserted.

If the stone is now provided with spacers, you can these refer to the direction of insertion of the Stone must be attached laterally so that these spacers in the final position of the stone to be inserted non-positive with spacers of the stones already laid so interlocking that pulling out the last inserted stone from the adjacent stone formation is no longer possible.

With the usual spacer or composite systems close the insertion of the stone and the subsequent Pulling out because the same Spacers to prevent pulling out, also prevent pushing in unless you would tediously insert the stone directly from above into thread its final position.

To insert the stone into the gap of a bandage too facilitate, the paving stone element according to the invention expediently a wedge-shaped in plan trained spacers in the area of an inner vertical, especially two side surfaces without spacers limiting edge.

This element, which is wedge-shaped in plan, takes over at the same time spacer function in two directions and is used for Guiding the stone to be inserted when inserted into his exact position.

The paving stone element preferably has on it opposite the wedge-shaped spacer Side surface at least one spacer, the interlocked with the spacer of an adjacent element.

The above insertion is in one embodiment the invention additionally facilitated if the Side surface of the wedge-shaped spacer parallel to one side flank of a spacer on the opposite Paving stone element side surface runs.

Pushing in is made even easier when the other Side flank of the spacer on the opposite Side surface at a very flat angle to the Stone element side surface runs. This other side flank can be used in addition to the stone guide when inserting to serve.

Through the measures according to the invention listed above the composite effect of the paving stone elements is increased.

The invention further relates to an edge compensation stone for Paving stone elements of the type described above, the has the shape of a cuboid, which matches the shape of the remaining due to the installed paving stone elements Gap is adjusted, in particular the shape of the Offset of the central cuboid of the paving stone element emerging gap. Such a leveling stone can have spacers arranged on its side surfaces exhibit.

Figur 1

zeigt in isometrischer Darstellung eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des Pflastersteinelementes;

Figur 2

zeigt ein Verlegebeispiel des Pflastersteinelementes aus Figur 1;

Figur 3

zeigt eine Gestaltungsmöglichkeit der Sichtfläche anhand des Pflastersteinelementes aus Figur 1;

Figur 4

zeigt den optischen Eindruck einer mit Elementen aus Figur 3 erstellten Pflasterung;

Figur 5 bis 8

zeigen weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des Pflastersteinelementes, jeweils mit Verlegebeispiel;

Figur 9

zeigt eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform des Pflastersteinelementes;

Figur 10

zeigt ein Verlegebeispiel für das Pflastersteinelement aus Figur 9;

Figur 11

zeigt den optischen Eindruck einer mit Elementen aus Figur 9 erstellten Pflasterung;

Figur 12

zeigt die Lastverteilung in einem aus den Pflastersteinelementen aus Figur 9 aufgebauten Verbundpflaster bei Verlegung der längsten Seite in Fahrtrichtung;

Figur 13

verdeutlicht die Lastverteilung in einem aus den Pflastersteinelementen aus Figur 9 aufgebauten Verbundpflaster bei Verlegung der längsten Seite diagonal zur Fahrtrichtung bzw. bei diagonaler Lasteinwirkung;

Figur 14

zeigt die bei Pflastersteinelementen vorgesehenen Abstandshalter am Beispiel des Elementes aus Figur 9;

Figur 15

zeigt die Verwendung von Randausgleichssteinen bei Pflasterungen nach Figur 10;

Figur 16

zeigt eine Verlegung der Elemente aus Figur 9 diagonal zur Fahrtrichtung;

Figur 17

zeigt, wie unter Verwendung des Verlegebeispieles aus Figur 16 Übergänge an Einmündungen oder Kreuzungen gestaltet werden können;

Figur 18

zeigt, wie im Falle des Verlegebeispieles aus Figur 10 ein Randausgleich durch Schneiden der Pflastersteinelemente 9 erzielt wird;

Figur 19

zeigt zwei perspektivische Ansichten einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Pflastersteinelementes;

Figur 20

zeigt eine Draufsicht auf das Pflastersteinelement der Figur 19; und

Figur 21

zeigt eine Draufsicht auf einen aus Pflastersteinelementen der Figuren 19 und 20 zusammengesetzten Verband, wobei das Einfügen eines Pflastersteinelementes gesondert gekennzeichnet ist.

The invention is explained below on the basis of preferred embodiments with reference to the attached drawing figures, which show the following:

Figure 1

shows an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of the paving stone element;

Figure 2

shows a laying example of the paving stone element of Figure 1;

Figure 3

shows a design option of the visible surface using the paving stone element of Figure 1;

Figure 4

shows the optical impression of a paving created with elements from Figure 3;

Figure 5 to 8

show further preferred embodiments of the paving stone element, each with laying example;

Figure 9

shows a further preferred embodiment of the paving stone element;

Figure 10

shows a laying example for the paving stone element of Figure 9;

Figure 11

shows the optical impression of a paving created with elements from Figure 9;

Figure 12

shows the load distribution in a composite paving built up from the paving stone elements from FIG. 9 when the longest side is laid in the direction of travel;

Figure 13

illustrates the load distribution in a composite paving made up of the paving stone elements from FIG. 9 when the longest side is laid diagonally to the direction of travel or when the load is diagonal;

Figure 14

shows the spacers provided for paving stone elements using the example of the element from FIG. 9;

Figure 15

shows the use of leveling stones in paving according to Figure 10;

Figure 16

shows a laying of the elements of Figure 9 diagonally to the direction of travel;

Figure 17

shows how transitions at junctions or intersections can be designed using the laying example from FIG. 16;

Figure 18

shows how, in the case of the laying example from FIG. 10, edge compensation is achieved by cutting the paving stone elements 9;

Figure 19

shows two perspective views of a further embodiment of a paving stone element;

Figure 20

shows a plan view of the paving stone element of Figure 19; and

Figure 21

shows a top view of an assembly composed of paving stone elements of FIGS. 19 and 20, the insertion of a paving stone element being identified separately.

In Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a paving stone element 1 shown with a U-shaped plan, which consists of five Squares 2 is formed. The contiguous squares lie together with their entire contact edges. The entire Element 1 is e.g. made of one piece of concrete manufactured.

Figure 2 shows in principle how several paving stone elements 1 form-fitting to a composite plaster can be relocated. The individual paving stone elements 1 interlock without continuous joints, so that a particularly effective association and thus a high level of security against shifting, twisting or tilting of the individual Paving stone elements 1 is created in the paving structure.

Figure 3 shows the - not absolutely necessary here shown example but chosen - design of Paving stone element 1 in terms of design. in the Material of its visible surface (top) are several through False joints 3 shallow depth, separate shapes of paving stone heads 4, which together with the Dummy joints 3 cover the base of element 1.

The surface interacting as shown in FIG. 2 appears with a visible surface design as shown in FIG. 3 visually like a conventional paving with individual paving stones, as shown in Figure 4.

In Figures 5 to 8 are some of the possible others Embodiments of paving stone elements 5 to 8 are shown. These consist of four T-shaped squares 2 (paving stone element 5, Figure 5), four S-shaped arranged squares 2 (paving stone element 6, FIG. 6), four L-shaped squares 2 (paving stone element 7, Figure 7) or three L-shaped squares 2 (paving stone element 8, Figure 8). The resulting one associated functional group is in the respective figures also shown. The visual impression at Training with paving stone heads 4 corresponds in all Cases that of Figure 4.

Another preferred embodiment is shown in FIG a paving stone element 9 shown. Their floor plan consists of three squares 10 arranged in a row, 11, 12, whose middle square 11 is offset to the side is. For example, the offset is half Edge length of the squares 11, 12, 13. The visible surface of the Paving stone element 9 is as described above with formations designed in the form of paving stone heads 4.

Lay the paving stone elements 9 as in FIG. 10 shown, the result is that shown in FIG. 11 classic runner association.

As shown in Figure 12, the combination of individual paving stone elements 9 and the laying of longest paving stone element side in the direction of travel particularly good power distribution to neighboring stones achieved. This also applies to diagonal laying or diagonal laying Load action as shown in Figure 13.

Around several paving stone elements 9 each with a joint width to be able to relocate that between the individual Squares 10, 11, 12 corresponds to the formed joint width, are on the outer sides of the outer cuboids 10, 12 (= "Single paving stones") and on the connecting lines of the outer cuboid 10, 12 with the central cuboid 11 in the area the resulting from the offset of the central cuboid 11 Gap spacers 13, 14 formed, cf. Figure 14. There are two types of spacers, namely running vertically on the outer sides of the outer cuboids 10, 12 arranged, approximately element-high first spacers 13 with half-cylinder profile and the vertically the connecting lines of the outer cuboids 10, 12 with the middle cuboid 11 in the range by the offset of middle cuboid 11 running along the gap arranged second spacer 14 with fillet profile.

As can be seen from the installation example in FIG with the laying technology shown there for edge compensation two types of stones 15, 16 are required, namely first Edge leveling stones 16, which have the shape of an entire cuboid 10, 11, 12 and second edge compensation stones 15 that shape the resulting from the offset of the central cuboid 11 Gap, usually a third to a half stone 10, 11, 12. These two types of leveling stones too 15, 16 have spacers on their outer edges on, which are not shown here.

The paving stone element 9 described is not only particularly advantageous with regard to its resilience, but also offers appealing laying options, as Figures 11, 15, 16 and 17 show.

If the grid dimensions are observed, the paving stone elements must be cut on those running in the direction of travel Plaster edges are not required. Only the edge compensation stones 15 are to be installed. For joints perpendicular to Direction of travel - for example when changing the direction of feed - Instead of the edge compensation stone 16 Edge adjustment with relatively little cutting effort (by cutting off the stone sections 17) as Figure 18 shows.

As Figure 16 shows, diagonal laying can be a special one visual appeal can be achieved. In particular place-like Win situations, junction and intersection areas through generous diagonal laying. Technically always complex and often problematic in terms of design You can change the laying direction Minimize diagonal laying, as shown in Figure 17.

The illustrated by means of preferred embodiments Invention encompasses a wide variety of possible others Embodiments and can undergo various modifications. For example, Paving stone elements with rectangles composite floor plans as possible different sized rectangles. The usable material is not limited to concrete. In particular the paving heads can be made of natural stone, e.g. is embedded in concrete.

Figure 19 shows a further embodiment of a paving stone element in two perspective views. At this In the embodiment, the paving stone element 20 is set composed of three cuboids 21, 22, 23, each in the upper Area are separated from each other by a dummy joint 24. The cuboids 21, 22, 23 each correspond in plan to one Rectangle, where all three rectangles are the same size.

The cuboids 21 and 23 are arranged in a row while the intermediate cuboid 22 is offset accordingly is arranged so that the cuboids 21 and 22 and 22 and 23 touch only over part of their side surfaces.

The paving stone element 20 is provided with spacers 25, 26, 27 provided, which are in the vertical direction on the corresponding Extend side faces and not to the top pass through the paving stone element, so that of above the impression of a circumferential joint is created. The Spacer 25 is wedge-shaped in plan and in the area of an inner edge of the Paving stone element arranged. This is best in FIG. 20 shows a top view of the paving stone element of Figure 19 shows. How to remove Figure 20 there are four internal edges on which a wedge-shaped spacer 25 is arranged is. The ones in the figure are arranged above two spacers inclined opposite to the lower ones two spacers.

On the side surfaces of the two outer cuboids 21 and 23 is a single one Spacer 27 is arranged, which is approximately semicircular in plan is trained. Such a spacer 27 is also on the side surface pointing to the left in FIG. 20 of the central cuboid 23 available. The one in figure 20 up and down side faces of the two outer cuboids 21 and 23 each carry three spacers 26, which have an approximately triangular shape in plan. Here, the left flank 28 of the spacers exactly the same inclination as the associated spacer 25 on the opposite side surface of the cuboid 21 or 23, while the slope of the right flank of the Spacer 25 corresponds to the next but one cuboid.

Figure 21 shows a top view of one of paving stone elements 19 and 20 composite association, specifically the insertion of a paving stone element 20 is represented in the existing association. This Paving stone element 20 is shown with thicker lines. It can be seen that here the inserted paving stone element 20 with the upper edge of his in the figure middle cuboid against the wedge-shaped spacer 25 of the neighboring paving stone element, so that this the distance between the paving stone elements in the figure is set up and to the left. The the same effect occurs with the wedge-shaped spacers on the two inner ones on the left in the figure Edge of the paving stone element 20 to be inserted are. The two spacers 26 on the in the figure interlock the lower side surface of the element 20 to be inserted themselves with corresponding spacers 26 of the neighboring one Paving stone element.

It is therefore a sideways insertion of a paving stone element in a three-sided plan already through installed pavement closed room in one position possible in cooperation with spacers pulling out on the already laid paving stone elements of the newly inserted paving stone element from this Position is no longer possible after the joints the side surfaces of the last inserted paving stone element have been filled with joint filling material.

As mentioned, the side surfaces of the spacers are preferably which forcefully pulls out the paving stone element should prevent from his position formed parallel to the side surface of one in plan wedge-shaped spacer in the area of an inner Edge of the paving stone element is arranged. This spacer, which is wedge-shaped in plan, acts as a spacer towards the two stone sides, between which it is arranged, and enables one if necessary slight twisting of two stones against each other without the spacer effect is thereby lost.

Furthermore, they are preferably not power transmission serving side surfaces of the spacers, which are non-positive pulling out the paving stone element to prevent its position, at a flat angle, in particular less than 30 ° to the stone side surface educated.

Claims (11)

Paving stone element (1; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 20), in particular made of concrete, characterized in that it has a composed of several rectangular areas (2; 10, 11, 12) Has floor plan and with other paving stone elements (1; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9) interlocking and can be laid without continuous joints is. Paving stone element (9; 20) according to claim 1, characterized characterized that individual contiguous Rectangular surfaces (10, 11, 12; 21, 22, 23) with only one Part of their entire contact edges lie together. Paving stone element (1; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 20) after one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that in Material of its visible surface several through dummy joints (3; 24) shallow depth separate forms in form of paving stone heads (4) are formed together with the dummy joints (3; 24) the base of the Cover the element (1; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 20). Paving stone element (1; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9) according to one of the Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that in its visible surface several through false gaps (3) separate paving stone heads (4) made of natural stone or the like are used, which together with the dummy joints (3) cover the base of the element (1; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9). Paving stone element (1; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 20) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the formations in the form of paving stone heads (4) or the Paving stone heads (4) in plan with the rectangular areas (2; 10, 11, 12; 20, 21, 22) less the The dummy joints (3) match. Paving stone element (1; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 20) after one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is spacer on at least one side surface (13; 14; 26, 27). Paving stone element (20) according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that there is an im Floor plan wedge-shaped spacers (25) in the area of an internal vertical, in particular delimiting two side surfaces without spacers, Edge. Paving stone element (20) according to claim 7, characterized in that that it is on its the wedge-shaped spacer (25) opposite side surface at least has a spacer (26, 27). Paving stone element (20) according to claim 8, characterized in that the side surface of the wedge-shaped Spacer (25) parallel to a side flank (28) a spacer (26, 27) on the opposite Paving stone element side surface runs. Paving stone element (20) according to claim 9, characterized in that that the other side flank of the spacer (26, 27) at a very shallow angle runs to the stone element side surface. Edge compensation stone for paving stone elements after one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has the shape of a cuboid (2, 10, 11, 12) that matches one by one or several paving stone elements formed gap is.

Images