EP0926925A1 - Panneau radiant à élément chauffant en fibres de carbone et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents
Panneau radiant à élément chauffant en fibres de carbone et son procédé de fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0926925A1 EP0926925A1 EP98403278A EP98403278A EP0926925A1 EP 0926925 A1 EP0926925 A1 EP 0926925A1 EP 98403278 A EP98403278 A EP 98403278A EP 98403278 A EP98403278 A EP 98403278A EP 0926925 A1 EP0926925 A1 EP 0926925A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- resistive element
- panel
- fabric
- panel according
- face
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009656 pre-carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric heating panel comprising a resistive heating element made of carbon fibers.
- a more particularly targeted field of application is that of room heating panels for domestic, industrial or tertiary use (communities, hospitals, ).
- the resistive element may be formed from a sheet of short fibers obtained by papermaking, a tablecloth or unidirectional ribbon made of fibers carbon, or a fabric comprising chain carbon fibers and fibers insulating weft.
- the use of such resistive elements is advantageous in the case where the heating device must conform to the shape of the parts to be heated, for example molds or wing structures to be defrosted. It was also proposed in document DE-A-42 21,455 to use a heating element in the form of a carbon fabric.
- the resistive element made of carbon fibers, provided with connection electrodes, is generally placed between two layers of insulating material, for example in glass fibers, the assembly being embedded in a plastic material such as polymerized thermosetting resin.
- an object of the present invention is to exploit the possibility use carbon fiber heating elements to make thin radiant heating panels, therefore thin size.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a panel for heater with which the heater is produced with a radiation rate important for a relatively low surface temperature, comparison with known radiant panels.
- Yet another object of the invention is therefore to provide a panel for heating in which the heating element consists of a fiber texture of carbon having a relatively high resistivity so that it is not necessary to give it a special geometry aimed at increasing the electrical resistance.
- an electric heating panel comprising a shaped resistive element essentially two-dimensional carbon fiber, connected electrodes electrically to the electrical element, and at least one layer of material electrically insulating located on each side of the resistive element, the layers of insulating material, the resistive element and the electrodes being embedded in a plastic material, panel in which the resistive element consists of a layer of carbon fiber fabric with a cellulose precursor, the rate of carbon in the fibers being between 92% and 96% and the emissivity of the fabric being greater than 0.7.
- Another characteristic of the panel according to the invention is due to the presence of carbon fibers with a cellulose precursor which make it possible to have sufficient electrical resistance with a high carbon content, then than with other carbon precursors, in particular with polyacrylonitrile (PAN), sufficient electrical resistance can only be obtained in the event of much lower carbonization, as indicated in document US-A-4,816,242.
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- the panel according to the invention has a radiation rate higher than 10% for a surface temperature of 80 ° C or even, preferably, greater than 25% and up to at least 30 %.
- a radiation rate of 30% is only obtained for a surface temperature of 200 ° C or more with radiant panels of the prior art.
- a second aspect of the invention relates to a method of manufacture of a radiant electrical panel, comprising the stages of production of a resistive element in carbon fibers of essentially shaped two-dimensional, installation of connection electrodes in contact with the resistive element, arrangement of at least one layer of material electrically insulating on each side of the resistive element, impregnation of the resistive element provided with electrodes and layers of electrically insulating material by a thermosetting resin, and polymerization of the resin, a process in which the realization of the resistive element includes the provision of a fiber fabric cellulosics and carbonization of the fabric by heat treatment carried out, in final, at a maximum temperature between 700 ° C and 1000 ° C, so that the carbon content in the fibers is between 92% and 96%.
- features of the invention arise from the use of a cellulosic precursor and carrying out a heat treatment allowing to produce a carbon fiber fabric having electrical resistance sufficient and very good emissivity. It is then possible to carry out thin and efficient radiant panels.
- the cellulosic precursor is a rayon and the heat treatment is carried out at a final temperature of between 780 ° C and 820 ° C for a period of between 0.7 min and 1.3 min.
- the layers of insulating material can be formed by textures, for example glass fiber fabrics.
- the plastic coating the resistive element, the electrodes and the insulating layers is a polymerized thermosetting resin, advantageously added with a black dye in order to optimize the appearance and the emissivity of the panel, therefore its radiative character.
- the electrodes are advantageously constituted by strips metallic bonded to the fabric, for example copper strips, perforated, the perforations allowing the passage of the resin for a better bond between the electrodes and the carbon tissue.
- the electrodes can also be formed by local deposition of a conductive resin on the fabric, or by dipping the ends of the fabric in molten copper.
- the heating element 10 consists of a layer, or fold, rectangular carbon fiber fabric. It is provided, along each little side, an electrode 12 connected to a supply conductor 14.
- the face of the heating element 10 is coated with a layer of material electrically insulating, in this case one or two plies 20a, 20b of fiber fabric of glass. More than two plies of electrically insulating material could be planned, but without penalizing the transfer to the front of the panel of calories produced by the heating element.
- the face of the heating element is coated with a material electrically and thermally insulating, formed by one, or preferably several layers 22a, ..., 22d for example of glass fiber fabric.
- a reflective layer 24, such as a metallic foil, for aluminum example can optionally be inserted between two layers rear insulators to reflect the heat flow of the heating element. It is also possible to add a layer to the back of the heating element of honeycomb material in order to limit the temperature on the rear face.
- the carbon fibers in the heating element come from a carbon precursor, after carbonization.
- the precursor is of the cellulosic type and the carbonization is not absolutely complete, the carbon content in the fibers, after carbonization, being between 92% and 96%, therefore relatively high.
- carbon fibers here refer to fibers in which the rate of carbon is not necessarily equal to 100%.
- Carbonization is produced by heat treatment carried out, in final, at a maximum temperature between 700 ° C and 1000 ° C. Under 700 ° C, carbonization is insufficient, the fibers retain a character essentially insulating, while above 1000 ° C, the carbon content is so high that the electrical resistance becomes insufficient.
- the precursor is a rayon.
- the final temperature heat treatment is then preferably between 780 ° C and 820 ° C approximately and the maintenance of the fabric at this temperature is carried out for a period preferably between 0.7 min and 1.3 min.
- the heat treatment may advantageously include a pre-carbonization phase at a temperature between 350 ° C and 420 ° C approximately, for a longer period long.
- the electrodes 12 are advantageously constituted by strips conductive metal, for example copper, provided with perforations 12a. They can be fixed to the fabric 10 by gluing using an adhesive able to withstand the temperatures encountered during assembly of the sign. Such an adhesive is for example formed by a strip of glass fabric sticker applied to the electrodes and to the fabric 10.
- each electrode can be formed by a local deposit, on the fabric, a layer of conductive resin, for example epoxy resin loaded with carbon powder.
- a layer of conductive resin for example epoxy resin loaded with carbon powder.
- Another possibility is to train electrodes by immersing each end of the fabric 10 in copper in fusion.
- the assembly of the panel can be carried out by vacuum molding ( Figure 2) after impregnation with a composition comprising a resin thermosetting.
- the fiberglass and carbon fiber fabric layers are impregnated separately, preferably. It is possible to use layers of glass fiber fabric prepreg.
- the impregnating composition in addition to the resin, can comprise a hardener, a hardening accelerator and a black coloring agent.
- the agent dye is intended at least for the impregnation of the front insulating layer and the heating element, in order to optimize the emissivity of the panel.
- the resin can be an epoxy resin.
- the black dye, not electrically conductive, is by example of carbon black diluted to 2% by weight in an epoxy resin itself mixed with 3% by weight maximum in the impregnation composition basic.
- Insulating layers and carbon fabric with electrodes connected to the supply wires are placed between a mold 30 and a waterproof film 32.
- the space between the mold 30 and the film 32 is closed at its periphery by a seal seal 34, for example a sealant, is connected to a vacuum source by a pipeline 36.
- the components of the panel can be overcome by a drainage layer 40 having the function of collecting the excess of impregnation composition.
- the layer 40 is for example a felt of polyester. Between the felt 40 and the panel can be disposed a separating film perforated 42.
- the latter for example made of polyamide, makes it possible to limit drainage of the composition for impregnation with the felt 40 and facilitates the separation panel.
- the mold 30 is constituted by a metal plate, by example a stainless steel plate whose surface is coated with an agent release agent, for example the product sold under the name "MOLD WIZ F57 NC "by the company of the United States of America Axel.
- the panel After demolding and trimming, the panel is fitted with a plug electric and can be directly used.
- the front of the panel can be with a decorative motif and the panel can be framed. He can too present a particular color or mixture of colors and be highlighted shape on demand, for example with curvatures.
- the insulating layer 20 at the front of the panel can be in the form of a glass plate for example vitroceramic.
- the front face can be frosted, for example by shot blasting, in order to create a relief increasing the radiating surface.
- a radiant panel can be obtained relatively simply and quickly, with a limited total thickness, less than 4 mm, or even typically less than 2 mm.
- Such a panel possibly after decoration, can be easily integrated into a room residential. It can also be designed as a heating panel removable or mobile.
- Another advantage of a radiant panel is its rate of radiation relatively higher than 10%, even 25% and can even reach at least 30% with a surface temperature of 80 ° C, so relatively little high.
- the radiation rate is the ratio between the radiated power and the power absorbed by the panel.
- the heating element is a carbon fiber fabric obtained by carbonization of a satin rayon fabric with a surface mass equal to 270 g / m 2 .
- the carbonization heat treatment comprises a pre-carbonization at a temperature of approximately 375 ° C followed by a final carbonization at a temperature of 790 ° C for approximately 1 min.
- a rectangular fold of dimensions 530 x 330 mm is cut from the carbon fiber fabric, the mass of the fold being 46 g.
- Electrodes made up of two copper strips of 1/10 e mm thickness perforated over their entire length, width equal to 10 mm and length equal to 330 mm, are placed along the two short sides of the ply of fiber fabric. carbon and bonded to the latter by an adhesive strip based on a glass cloth, having a temperature resistance up to 180 ° C. The electrodes are equipped with electrical connection wires soldered in tin on one of their ends. The measured resistance of the ply of carbon fiber fabric is 210 W.
- a ply of twill glass fabric with dimensions equal to 700 x 500 mm and with a mass equal to 110 g is placed on the front face, while four folds of taffeta glass fabric of dimensions equal to 700 x 500 mm and of equal mass at 330 g are placed on the rear face.
- the folds of carbon fabric and glass are impregnated with a composition comprising an epoxy resin added with a hardener, a accelerator and a black dye consisting of a mixture at 2% by weight of carbon black in an epoxy paste.
- the perforations of the electrodes allow the passage of the impregnation composition to ensure good contact between the electrodes and the carbon tissue, even when the electrodes are not glued to the fabric.
- the whole is polymerized under vacuum as described with reference to the figure 2.
- the panel obtained is equipped with an electrical outlet and tested under an alternating supply voltage equal to 230 V.
- Figure 3 shows the evolution of the temperature at the front surface of the panel during successive cycles including a power-up period 15 min, followed by a 15 min power off period. The speed of temperature rise and fall, on and off, and the reproducibility of the cycles are remarkable.
- Figure 4 shows the evolution of the temperature on the front surface (curve A) and the ambient temperature (curve B) in the center of a 60 m 3 room on a wall of which the panel is installed, and is maintained under a voltage of 230 V.
- the consistency of the surface temperature value (which changes in parallel with the ambient temperature) is remarkable.
- the emissivity of the heating element of the panel i.e. the fabric carbon fiber coated with epoxy resin was measured as follows (figure 5).
- a sample 30 of fabric coated with epoxy resin is provided electrodes and energized to obtain a surface temperature 100 ° C.
- the heat flux produced, passing successively through a modulator 32, a diaphragm 34 and a lens 36 is focused on a detector 38 of photoelectric type which delivers a voltage proportional to the luminance of the sample material.
- the modulator 32 is a rotary disc comprising alternately opaque and transparent areas to thermal radiation. he collects the radiative flux emitted, freeing itself from the surrounding noise.
- the voltage delivered by the detector is 7.5 ⁇ V, whatever the face of the sample presented opposite the detector.
- the sample 30 is replaced by a black body whose surface is brought to 100 ° C.
- the voltage collected at the detector output is 8.0 ⁇ V.
- the radiation level of the panel is measured by wearing the panel radiant at a surface temperature of 80 ° C in a room at 19 ° C in which the atmosphere is stable and controlled.
- Figure 6 shows the variation of the electrical resistance measured in function of the final carbonization temperature for fabric samples dimensions 10 cm x 10 cm, the measurements being made directly on the fabric not equipped with electrode in the warp direction and in the direction respectively frame. We note that the variations in both directions, warp and weft, are practically identical.
- Figure 7 shows the variation of the electrical resistance as a function the carbon level measured for the same samples.
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- la figure 1 est une vue en perspective éclatée montrant les différents éléments constitutifs d'un mode particulier de réalisation d'un panneau de chauffage conforme à l'invention, avant leur assemblage ;
- la figure 2 est une vue partielle en coupe illustrant l'assemblage par moulage sous vide des éléments constitutifs d'un panneau de chauffage, selon la figure 1 ;
- la figure 3 montre la variation en fonction du temps de la température mesurée à la face avant d'un panneau réalisé conformément à l'invention, lors de cycles successifs de mise sous tension et hors tension ;
- la figure 4 montre la variation en fonction du temps de la température mesurée à la face avant du panneau et de la température ambiante pendant une période de fonctionnement d'un panneau réalisé conformément à l'invention ;
- la figure 5 montre de façon très schématique un montage de mesure d'émissivité ; et
- les figures 6 et 7 illustrent les variations de résistance électrique en fonction de la température finale de carbonisation et du taux de carbone pour un tissu en fibres de carbone issues d'un précurseur rayonne.
Claims (19)
- Panneau de chauffage électrique comportant un élément résistif de forme essentiellement bidimensionnelle en fibres de carbone, des électrodes reliées électriquement à l'élément électrique, et au moins une couche de matière électriquement isolante située sur chaque face de l'élément résistif, les couches de matière isolante, l'élément résistif et les électrodes étant noyés dans une matière plastique,
caractérisé en ce que l'élément résistif est constitué par une couche de tissu en fibres de carbone à précurseur cellulosique, le taux de carbone dans les fibres étant compris entre 92 % et 96 % et l'émissivité du tissu étant supérieure à 0,7. - Panneau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'émissivité du tissu est supérieure à 0,9.
- Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le taux de radiation est supérieur à 10% pour une température de surface de 80°C.
- Panneau selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le taux de radiation est supérieur à 25% pour une température de surface de 80°C.
- Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément résistif est constitué par une couche de tissu en fibres de carbone à précurseur rayonne.
- Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les couches de matière isolante sont au moins en partie constituées par des couches de tissu en fibres de verre.
- Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la matière plastique est une résine thermodurcissable polymérisée additionnée d'un colorant noir.
- Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes sont constituées par des bandes métalliques conductrices perforées.
- Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, comprenant une face avant rayonnante et une face arrière opposée à la face avant, caractérisé en ce qu'une feuille réfléchissante est insérée entre la face arrière du panneau et l'élément résistif.
- Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, comprenant une face avant rayonnante et une face arrière opposée à la face avant, caractérisé en ce qu'une couche de matériau en nid d'abeilles est disposée à l'arrière de l'élément résistif.
- Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, comprenant une face avant rayonnante, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une plaque de verre en face avant.
- Panneau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, comprenant une face avant rayonnante, caractérisé en ce que la face avant est dépolie.
- Procédé de fabrication d'un panneau électrique radiant, comprenant les étapes de réalisation d'un élément résistif en fibres de carbone de forme essentiellement bidimensionnelle, mise en place d'électrodes de raccordement au contact de l'élément résistif, disposition d'au moins une couche de matière électriquement isolante sur chaque face de l'élément résistif, imprégnation de l'élément résistif muni des électrodes et des couches de matière électriquement isolante par une résine thermodurcissable, et polymérisation de la résine,
caractérisé en ce que la réalisation de l'élément résistif comprend la fourniture d'un tissu en fibres cellulosiques et la carbonisation du tissu par traitement thermique réalisé, en final, à une température maximale comprise entre 700°C et 1000°C, de sorte que le taux de carbone dans les fibres est compris entre 92% et 96%. - Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la température finale de traitement thermique est comprise entre 780°C et 820°C.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 et 14, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une phase de pré-carbonisation à une température comprise entre 350°C et 420°C.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 15, caractérisé en ce que le tissu est maintenu à la température finale pendant une durée comprise entre 0,7 min et 1,3 min.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 16, caractérisé en ce que l'imprégnation est réalisée par une résine époxy additionnée d'un colorant noir.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 17, caractérisé en ce que la polymérisation de la résine est réalisée lors d'une phase de mise en forme du panneau par moulage sous vide.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 18, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes sont mises en place par collage de bandes métalliques perforées le long de deux bords opposés de l'élément résistif.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9716481 | 1997-12-24 | ||
| FR9716481A FR2773043B1 (fr) | 1997-12-24 | 1997-12-24 | Panneau radiant a element chauffant en fibres de carbone et son procede de fabrication |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0926925A1 true EP0926925A1 (fr) | 1999-06-30 |
Family
ID=9515115
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98403278A Withdrawn EP0926925A1 (fr) | 1997-12-24 | 1998-12-23 | Panneau radiant à élément chauffant en fibres de carbone et son procédé de fabrication |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0926925A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2773043B1 (fr) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1065913A3 (fr) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-08-08 | Advanced Ceramics Corporation | Elément chauffant émettant des radiations en nitrure de bore pyrolitique |
| EP1156283A2 (fr) | 2000-05-08 | 2001-11-21 | Nobö Electro AS | Panneau chauffant pour chauffage de locaux, avec inlay de matériau électriquement et thermiquement isolant, principalement en usage comme écarteur |
| EP1450581A1 (fr) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-25 | Hiform AS | Elément chauffant renforcé par des fibres |
| ITPN20080093A1 (it) * | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | Nardi Mirco De | Materiale accoppiato, procedimento ed impianto |
| ITAL20100001A1 (it) * | 2010-01-07 | 2011-07-08 | Francesco Calogero | Pannello termo-radiante per la climatizzazione di ambienti e metodo per la sua realizzazione. |
| CN102256391A (zh) * | 2011-05-05 | 2011-11-23 | 徐州凯利尔桑拿设备有限公司 | 一种纳米氧化银基离子碳纤维远红外发热板 |
| CN102291858A (zh) * | 2011-07-01 | 2011-12-21 | 上海热丽电热材料有限公司 | 低温复合电热材料及其制备方法 |
| CN107613587A (zh) * | 2017-08-10 | 2018-01-19 | 华南理工大学 | 一种基于碳纤维的透明导电发热薄膜的制备方法 |
| US10841980B2 (en) | 2015-10-19 | 2020-11-17 | Laminaheat Holding Ltd. | Laminar heating elements with customized or non-uniform resistance and/or irregular shapes and processes for manufacture |
| US10925119B2 (en) | 2015-01-12 | 2021-02-16 | Laminaheat Holding Ltd. | Fabric heating element |
| USD911038S1 (en) | 2019-10-11 | 2021-02-23 | Laminaheat Holding Ltd. | Heating element sheet having perforations |
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| US4257157A (en) * | 1977-05-23 | 1981-03-24 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Porous electrical resistance heaters |
| EP0278139A1 (fr) * | 1984-10-12 | 1988-08-17 | Zoltek Corporation | Fabrication des produits feuilletés à base des fibres de carbon avec une résistance de surface contrôlée |
| US4816242A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1989-03-28 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Production of partially carbonized polymeric fibrous material having an electrical resistivity of enhanced stability |
| DE4221455A1 (de) * | 1992-06-30 | 1994-01-13 | Giulini Chemie | Heizelement aus Komposit-Werkstoffen |
| GB2285729A (en) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-07-19 | British Tech Group Int | Improvements relating to electrically conductive materials |
| US5459327A (en) * | 1993-10-15 | 1995-10-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Dairin Shoji | Far-infrared radiator and method of radiating far-infrared |
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- 1997-12-24 FR FR9716481A patent/FR2773043B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1998-12-23 EP EP98403278A patent/EP0926925A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4257157A (en) * | 1977-05-23 | 1981-03-24 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Porous electrical resistance heaters |
| EP0278139A1 (fr) * | 1984-10-12 | 1988-08-17 | Zoltek Corporation | Fabrication des produits feuilletés à base des fibres de carbon avec une résistance de surface contrôlée |
| US4816242A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1989-03-28 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Production of partially carbonized polymeric fibrous material having an electrical resistivity of enhanced stability |
| DE4221455A1 (de) * | 1992-06-30 | 1994-01-13 | Giulini Chemie | Heizelement aus Komposit-Werkstoffen |
| US5459327A (en) * | 1993-10-15 | 1995-10-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Dairin Shoji | Far-infrared radiator and method of radiating far-infrared |
| GB2285729A (en) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-07-19 | British Tech Group Int | Improvements relating to electrically conductive materials |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1065913A3 (fr) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-08-08 | Advanced Ceramics Corporation | Elément chauffant émettant des radiations en nitrure de bore pyrolitique |
| EP1156283A2 (fr) | 2000-05-08 | 2001-11-21 | Nobö Electro AS | Panneau chauffant pour chauffage de locaux, avec inlay de matériau électriquement et thermiquement isolant, principalement en usage comme écarteur |
| EP1450581A1 (fr) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-25 | Hiform AS | Elément chauffant renforcé par des fibres |
| ITPN20080093A1 (it) * | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | Nardi Mirco De | Materiale accoppiato, procedimento ed impianto |
| ITAL20100001A1 (it) * | 2010-01-07 | 2011-07-08 | Francesco Calogero | Pannello termo-radiante per la climatizzazione di ambienti e metodo per la sua realizzazione. |
| CN102256391A (zh) * | 2011-05-05 | 2011-11-23 | 徐州凯利尔桑拿设备有限公司 | 一种纳米氧化银基离子碳纤维远红外发热板 |
| CN102291858A (zh) * | 2011-07-01 | 2011-12-21 | 上海热丽电热材料有限公司 | 低温复合电热材料及其制备方法 |
| CN102291858B (zh) * | 2011-07-01 | 2013-08-28 | 上海热丽电热材料有限公司 | 低温复合电热材料及其制备方法 |
| US10925119B2 (en) | 2015-01-12 | 2021-02-16 | Laminaheat Holding Ltd. | Fabric heating element |
| US10841980B2 (en) | 2015-10-19 | 2020-11-17 | Laminaheat Holding Ltd. | Laminar heating elements with customized or non-uniform resistance and/or irregular shapes and processes for manufacture |
| CN107613587A (zh) * | 2017-08-10 | 2018-01-19 | 华南理工大学 | 一种基于碳纤维的透明导电发热薄膜的制备方法 |
| CN107613587B (zh) * | 2017-08-10 | 2020-06-19 | 华南理工大学 | 一种基于碳纤维的透明导电发热薄膜的制备方法 |
| USD911038S1 (en) | 2019-10-11 | 2021-02-23 | Laminaheat Holding Ltd. | Heating element sheet having perforations |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2773043B1 (fr) | 2000-03-10 |
| FR2773043A1 (fr) | 1999-06-25 |
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