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EP0910679A1 - Procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite

Info

Publication number
EP0910679A1
EP0910679A1 EP97913970A EP97913970A EP0910679A1 EP 0910679 A1 EP0910679 A1 EP 0910679A1 EP 97913970 A EP97913970 A EP 97913970A EP 97913970 A EP97913970 A EP 97913970A EP 0910679 A1 EP0910679 A1 EP 0910679A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composite material
strength
producing
component
material according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97913970A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0910679B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter RÖDHAMMER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0910679A1 publication Critical patent/EP0910679A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0910679B1 publication Critical patent/EP0910679B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12486—Laterally noncoextensive components [e.g., embedded, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a composite material, consisting of a matrix component made of one or more metals or their alloys, selected from group IVB to VIB of the periodic table, and of a strength-increasing component.
  • the refractory metals titanium, zircon, hafnium; Vanadium, niobium, tantalum; Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten; Rhenium and its alloys are characterized by high strength and creep resistance at high temperatures.
  • the high temperature application range of these materials ranges from around 650 ° C for advanced titanium alloys to around 2200 ° C for tungsten alloys. It is characteristic of these materials that, as a rule, the limits of the operating temperature increase the higher the density of the corresponding material. Particularly in the case of moving components and in the aerospace sector, the high-temperature application range of a material is therefore often limited due to an excessively high specific weight.
  • the disadvantage here is that the increase in high-temperature strength is at the expense of increased density of the material.
  • the deposits are not thermodynamically stable, so that aging effects due to diffusion alloying occur (citation Titran et al., NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio).
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a composite material, consisting of a matrix component of one or more metals or their alloys, selected from the group IVB to VIB of the periodic table, as well as a strength-increasing component, which makes it possible to achieve the mentioned To avoid disadvantages.
  • the object is achieved in that the matrix component is processed to films, sheets and / or wires, coated with the strength-increasing component, or with a strength-increasing component by reaction with the matrix component, in a layer thickness between 1 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m and a large number of these coated foils, sheets and / or wires are combined and permanently connected to one another by suitable pressure and / or temperature effects.
  • the method according to the invention gives materials from a large number of structural areas which are connected in parallel with respect to the forces to be used and which also have the essential structural features of the original matrix component (the film, the wire, etc.) even after the production according to the invention.
  • the strength-increasing component In between is the undeformed or, depending on the degree of deformation and material, also deformed or fragmented in the deformation directions, strength-increasing component.
  • the strength-increasing component is in the form of filament-like, rod-shaped or platelet-shaped inclusions with a uniform orientation in the matrix component.
  • the method according to the invention is generally used to produce a composite material from a single matrix component and a single strength-increasing component.
  • Both strengthening inclusions include one or more compounds or their mixtures from the group oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides of the metals of group IVB - VIB as well as of silicon, aluminum and rare earths, as well as one or more metals, their alloys or intermetallic compounds selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and rhenium as well as silicon and aluminum, whereby when using a high-melting metal as a strength-increasing component only those with higher strength than that of the respective matrix component used can be considered.
  • An advantage of the method according to the invention is that the strength-increasing component is applied to the matrix material by means of methods known per se in a firm bond and initially integrally. This makes all conceivable strength-increasing components accessible and can be produced at comparatively low costs. In addition, health risks in the manufacture of the composite material are avoided.
  • the strength-enhancing components are naturally selected primarily based on their tensile strength and their modulus of elasticity.
  • the thermal expansion of the reinforcing component in relation to that of the matrix material must also be taken into account.
  • the forming behavior of the strength-increasing component must be taken into account when choosing the initial thickness on the one hand and the forming conditions on the other.
  • the volume fraction of the reinforcing component will be selected between a few percent and about 50% depending on the material combination and the desired application behavior.
  • the thicknesses or diameters of the foils, sheets or wires of the matrix material in the initial form are determined on the one hand by the requirement for stacking or twisting as many layers as possible within the macroscopic dimensions of the composite material to be formed, and on the other hand by the degree of deformation selected in the production of the composite material, the thermomechanical adaptation of the matrix component and the strength-increasing component, and finally through the manufacturing costs of the starting components.
  • a thickness and diameter range of the individual foils, sheets or wires of the matrix component between 50 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m will result in a technical and economic compromise that will bring the advantages of the method according to the invention to full advantage.
  • the reinforcing component can be applied to the individual foils and wires of the matrix component by all known methods of coating technology or surface treatment.
  • the only requirement is that the layer thickness or the thickness of the surface-affected zone can be reproducibly adjusted within the defined limits of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, and that a dense and error-free layer structure is guaranteed.
  • the layer thicknesses are preferably in the lower range between 1 and 10 ⁇ m. This applies to most carbides, nitrides and borides as well as oxides of transition metals, rare earth metals as well as silicon and aluminum.
  • Ductile strength-increasing components such as Tungsten, rhenium or their alloys with one another or with other refractory metals can advantageously also be used in the upper range up to layer thicknesses of 100 ⁇ m.
  • the layer thicknesses are advantageously chosen so that they do not exceed 10% of the thickness or diameter of the sheet or wire of the matrix component in the case of brittle strength-increasing components and 50% thereof in the case of ductile strength-increasing components.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that the strength-increasing component is already present as such when it is applied as a layer. This is the case when the strength-increasing component
  • REPLACEMENT BUTT (RULE 26) has sufficient resistance to reactions with the matrix component both in the following manufacturing steps and at the operating temperatures. Sufficient is to be understood here that the vast majority of the strength-increasing component is retained in its chemical composition, and further that the minor reaction products that may arise do not adversely affect the strength behavior.
  • the method according to the invention can also be carried out in such a way that the matrix component is coated with a starting material, which is then already automatically during the coating process or subsequent to the coating or in a later step of the manufacturing process by means of a targeted heat treatment with the matrix component with the formation of compounds, e.g. Hard materials or intermetallic compound is reacted and only then becomes a strength-increasing component.
  • Hard materials or intermetallic compound is reacted and only then becomes a strength-increasing component.
  • Rhenium, silicon and aluminum and carbon are of particular importance for such production processes.
  • intermetallic compounds can be formed on the surface of the individual components (sheets, wires) by reactions such as alitizing or siliconizing.
  • the layer thickness of the starting material relative to the thickness or the diameter of the matrix component is advantageously to be selected such that areas of unreacted matrix components are still retained in the finished composite material between the layers of the strength-increasing components even at the maximum operating temperature.
  • the extent of implementation can be controlled by the heat treatment. For a stable application behavior, this requires that the application temperature must be significantly below the heat treatment temperature.
  • a structure that is stable at operating temperature can also be achieved by selecting the proportion of the strength-increasing component introduced as a layer to be such that the solubility limit of the strength-increasing component in the matrix component is reached.
  • volume shares of more than 50% of the strength-increasing components can also be realized as long as the remaining ductile matrix component ensures sufficient ductility of the composite material. Because of the difficult formability of the intermetallic compounds, it has proven to be It has been shown to be advantageous to carry out the forming step with the greatest possible avoidance of intermetallic compounds and to form them only by a final heat treatment of the semi-finished product or the component. Alternatively, there is the possibility of superplastic forming of such materials.
  • the method according to the invention can be used to determine a drastic reduction in the transition temperature from ductile to brittle from a few 100 ° C. to below 0 ° C. for composite materials made of molybdenum and tungsten.
  • the elongation at break of the composite material according to the invention is reduced compared to the unreinforced matrix materials, but a residual ductility of more than 3% over the entire temperature range can be maintained.
  • the process according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously when niobium or tantalum or their alloys are used as the matrix component and a carbide, oxide, nitride or their mixture of a metal from Group IVB as a strength-increasing component.
  • the composite materials thus produced have a particularly favorable ratio of high-temperature strength to density and are therefore particularly suitable for use in the aerospace sector.
  • REPLACEMENT BUTT (RULE 26) Use carbides, oxides, nitrides or their mixture of a Group IVB metal as a strength-increasing component.
  • the composite materials produced with it have high heat resistance even at the highest operating temperatures and are therefore particularly good for use in high-temperature furnace construction.
  • a particularly proven connection of the individual coated matrix components to the finished composite material is achieved by hot isostatic pressing, which can optionally be followed by mechanical forming with a generally low degree of forming.
  • connection of the individual coated matrix components is the connection by mechanical deformation alone, e.g. by rolling.
  • work is usually carried out with significantly higher degrees of deformation in the range between 50% and 70%.
  • the strength-enhancing components by reacting a starting material with the matrix material and / or to optimize the structure, e.g. by forming a staple fiber structure, it is advantageous to subject the composite material to a heat treatment after the connection of the individual coated matrix components.
  • Molybdenum foils with a thickness of 60 ⁇ m were coated on one side with zirconium oxide layers with a thickness of 5 ⁇ m by means of vacuum arc ion plating.
  • the coated sheets were stacked on 16 layers and tucked into thin molybdenum sheets.
  • the known stack was then deformed by 50% at temperatures between 1000 and 1400 ° C by a single transverse and subsequent longitudinal rolling in several passes. Finally, the can material was removed mechanically.
  • the composite material produced in this way had a yield point of 1200 ° C in the tensile test
  • REPLACEMENT BUTT (RULE 26) 110 megapascals.
  • the fracture bending angle was between 30 ° and 90 °, compared to 4 - 8 ° in the case of the unreinforced molybdenum sheet.
  • the elongation at break of tensile samples was 9% at 1200 ° C and 6% at room temperature.
  • REPLACEMENT BUTT (RULE 26) a comparative sample from unreinforced TZM.
  • the elongation of the composite material according to the invention was 3.5%.
  • the in situ formation of high-strength intermetallic phases resulting from the diffusion reaction was used as a strength-increasing component from a starting material.
  • the rhenium layer was converted into an intermetallic molybdenum-rhenium compound.
  • the production of the final composite material from the multiple arrangements produced in this way can also be carried out by a multiplicity of processes known per se, which bring about a diffusion bond between the individual parts.
  • forging, hammering, extrusion, drawing are also suitable, measures to achieve a permanent connection between the individual coated matrix components.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un matériau composite, comprenant un composant matriciel constitué d'un métal ou de plusieurs métaux, ou encore d'alliages de ces métaux, choisis dans les groupes IVB à VIB du système périodique ainsi que d'un composant augmentant la solidité. Selon cette invention, le composant matriciel est mis en forme de feuilles, tôles et/ou fils, revêtu d'une couche du composant qui augmente la solidité et dont l'épaisseur est située entre 1 mu m et 100 mu m. Une pluralité de ces feuilles, tôles et/ou fils ainsi revêtus sont réunis et assemblés de manière définitive par l'effet de la pression et/ou de la température.
EP97913970A 1996-03-27 1997-03-26 Procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite Expired - Lifetime EP0910679B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT17196 1996-03-27
AT171/96 1996-03-27
AT0017196U AT1239U1 (de) 1996-03-27 1996-03-27 Verfahren zur herstellung eines verbundwerkstoffes
PCT/AT1997/000062 WO1997036015A1 (fr) 1996-03-27 1997-03-26 Procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0910679A1 true EP0910679A1 (fr) 1999-04-28
EP0910679B1 EP0910679B1 (fr) 2001-07-25

Family

ID=3483467

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97913970A Expired - Lifetime EP0910679B1 (fr) 1996-03-27 1997-03-26 Procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6540130B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0910679B1 (fr)
AT (2) AT1239U1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59704139D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997036015A1 (fr)

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US20070034048A1 (en) * 2003-01-13 2007-02-15 Liu Shaiw-Rong S Hardmetal materials for high-temperature applications
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US20060166027A1 (en) * 2005-01-26 2006-07-27 Dr. Boris Amusin Impact resistant composite metal structure
DE102007033980B3 (de) 2007-07-19 2008-09-25 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Verfahren zur Erfassung einer Werkstoffschädigung
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0910679B1 (fr) 2001-07-25
DE59704139D1 (de) 2001-08-30
ATE203571T1 (de) 2001-08-15
US6540130B1 (en) 2003-04-01
AT1239U1 (de) 1997-01-27
WO1997036015A1 (fr) 1997-10-02

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