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EP0906039B1 - Protecteur de torse universel a usages sportifs, pourvu de systemes hydropneumatiques d'absorption des chocs et de refroidissement de l'epiderme - Google Patents

Protecteur de torse universel a usages sportifs, pourvu de systemes hydropneumatiques d'absorption des chocs et de refroidissement de l'epiderme Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0906039B1
EP0906039B1 EP97929485A EP97929485A EP0906039B1 EP 0906039 B1 EP0906039 B1 EP 0906039B1 EP 97929485 A EP97929485 A EP 97929485A EP 97929485 A EP97929485 A EP 97929485A EP 0906039 B1 EP0906039 B1 EP 0906039B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shields
shoulder
elements
shield
torso
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97929485A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0906039A1 (fr
Inventor
Massimo Carlesi
Gianfranco Epifani
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ufo Plast Di Consoloni Vito Ecsnc
Original Assignee
Ufo Plast Di Consoloni Vito Ecsnc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ufo Plast Di Consoloni Vito Ecsnc filed Critical Ufo Plast Di Consoloni Vito Ecsnc
Priority claimed from PCT/IT1997/000132 external-priority patent/WO1998003091A1/fr
Publication of EP0906039A1 publication Critical patent/EP0906039A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0906039B1 publication Critical patent/EP0906039B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/002—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment
    • A41D13/005—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment with controlled temperature
    • A41D13/0053—Cooled garments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/015—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with shock-absorbing means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
    • A41D13/0518—Chest
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/08—Body-protectors for players or sportsmen, i.e. body-protecting accessories affording protection of body parts against blows or collisions
    • A63B71/081—Body-protectors for players or sportsmen, i.e. body-protecting accessories affording protection of body parts against blows or collisions fluid-filled, e.g. air-filled
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/08—Body-protectors for players or sportsmen, i.e. body-protecting accessories affording protection of body parts against blows or collisions
    • A63B71/12—Body-protectors for players or sportsmen, i.e. body-protecting accessories affording protection of body parts against blows or collisions for the body or the legs, e.g. for the shoulders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/08—Body-protectors for players or sportsmen, i.e. body-protecting accessories affording protection of body parts against blows or collisions
    • A63B71/12—Body-protectors for players or sportsmen, i.e. body-protecting accessories affording protection of body parts against blows or collisions for the body or the legs, e.g. for the shoulders
    • A63B2071/1208—Body-protectors for players or sportsmen, i.e. body-protecting accessories affording protection of body parts against blows or collisions for the body or the legs, e.g. for the shoulders for the breast and the abdomen, e.g. breast plates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
    • A63B2209/02—Characteristics of used materials with reinforcing fibres, e.g. carbon, polyamide fibres
    • A63B2209/023—Long, oriented fibres, e.g. wound filaments, woven fabrics, mats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
    • A63B2225/66—Cooled
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2244/00—Sports without balls
    • A63B2244/19—Skiing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2244/00—Sports without balls
    • A63B2244/24—Horse riding

Definitions

  • the subject of this invention is a Universal Torso Protector which performs the twofold function of providing protection at the level of Category II under European Directive 89/686/EEC and epidermal cooling of the torso. Thanks to the features, the protector, to date unrivaled on the market, can be used in sports that involve the risk of falls or impacts such as for example: motorcycling, motocross, cycling, riding, skiing, etc.
  • the protector can be worn "next to the skin” that is under racing overalls or “externally " that is above the overalls, providing in both cases the same level of protection and epidermal cooling of the torso.
  • the protector in the first case, the protector consists of a single unit worn directly above the skin; in the second case, the protector consists of two separate parts, donned the one above racing overalls and the other next to the skin.
  • US-A-5 090 053 discloses a composite shock absorbing material having interconnected fluid passages providing a coolant flow path for a circulating fluid cooling system.
  • Simple protectors are available and currently used in many sports, providing different levels of protection, but in no case ensuring adequate protection against torso injury in the event of fall and/or collision.
  • PPE Personal Protection Equipment
  • the torso protector under this invention can be worn either "next to the skin” o "externally” by reason of its combined bearing and shock-absorbing structure and of a range of epidermal cooling systems.
  • the combined bearing and shock-absorber structure protects the torso in the event of a fall or collision as specified by Directive EEC 686/89 for Personal Protection Equipment (PPEs) of Category II.
  • PPEs Personal Protection Equipment
  • the torso protector object of this application consists mainly of a bearing structure, a shock-absorber structure and epidermal cooling systems (Fig.1).
  • the main components and their functions are described hereunder with the purpose of achieving the best results in carrying out the invention.
  • the structure is formed of 8 plastic or carbon fiber shields pressed to a specific design that provides housing facilities for the shock-absorber elements.
  • the shields can withstand a penetration pressure of 1150 kN/mm, applied by a punch calibrated according to ASTM specifications, and are connected to one another by means of elastic fasteners so as to form a single light-weight, resistant and adequately articulated structure that can be donned easily and does not hamper free movement.
  • the shields are: one front shield (1), one rear shield (2), two shoulder shields (3); two biceps shields (4), and two elastic side-shields (5).
  • Front and rear shields (Fig.s 2 to 4).
  • the shields have a smooth surface and are fitted with:
  • each shield has the following four different areas: i) upper (10) and lower (11) ribbed areas, each of which accommodates a shock-absorber padding; ii) two lateral smooth areas (12), each of which forms a duct that funnels air from the shoulder shield down to the lateral outlet slit in the base of the area (13).
  • Each shield consists of:
  • the cap carries a small canopy (23) for protection against rain and debris.
  • Biceps shields (Fig.s 5 & 7). each device consists of a shield (24) joined to the lateral flexible rubber elements, extending fan-wise (25), which are provided with a central hole (18) for the screw that fixes them to the front and rear shields.
  • the flexible elements perform the following two main functions without in any way restricting arm movement: i) protection of the armpit both in the event of fall or collision and against bruising by blunt objects; ii) shielding to enhance conveyance of the forced airflow to the biceps and to armpit.
  • the biceps shield is fixed to the shoulder shield with a screw and to the arm by an adjustable strap with buckle (26).
  • Each 120mm-high, 40mm-thick shield consists of an elastic strip (27) reinforced externally with 4 or 5 hard polyethylene covering elements (28) and lined internally with 12 to 15 polyurethane foam elements (29) so as to prevent rib fractures and/or injuries to the side of the chest.
  • the shield is fitted with 3 holes (30) for fixing to the rear shield with screws and a slot (31) which hooks onto the raised button on the front shield. Owing to their elasticity, the two side-shields ensure that the protector always remains tightly fitted to the torso.
  • the structure includes two shock-absorbing systems whose elements are installed within the shields of the bearing structure (Fig.s 6 & 7, 9 to 13).
  • the two systems (“Basic” and “Auxiliary”) work together in protecting the torso .
  • the "Basic” system consists of reinforced paddings of different thickness and density, while the “auxiliary” system provides a hydro-pneumatic shock-absorbing effect (32).
  • the Basic System includes the following four types of reinforced padding made of polyethylene or polyurethane foam or other plastic foams: padded collar band, lateral paddings and internal paddings.
  • the paddings have the specific physical characteristics and perform the specific functions described below:
  • the hydro-pneumatic shock-absorbing system consists of plastic elements (bags) of various sizes (32) which are filled up to 3/4 of their volume with a salt-water solution or gelatinous glycolic mixture.
  • the bags have a special physical structure of cylindrical or parallelepiped shape and sufficient wall thickness (0.3 ⁇ 0.4 mm) to withstand the impact energy of a collision.
  • the surface of the bags on the side facing the torso is ribbed, forming rectangular channels (39), and includes a number of small rupture areas (40) in which the wall thickness is suitably reduced as required by the type of material used (typically, 0.1 mm) and which have a size commensurate with the viscosity of the contents.
  • the surface is smooth and is provided with a small sealable trapdoor (41) for inserting the contents and with four metal angle bars (42) that slide into the mag-netic seatings and hold the bag in position within the reinforced padding described previously (36).
  • the shock-absorbing effect of the basic system is intensified by the bag's air bubble which undergoes elastic compression and thus further reduces the effect of impact.
  • the liquid present applies a high compressive force on the opposite ribbed surface so that the rupture areas burst and the friction opposing outflow of the liquid produces an additional damping effect.
  • the shock-absorbing capacity developed as a result of the combined action of the bearing structure and the two shock-absorber systems just described is such that under an impact load of 50J, the residual force applied to the torso is ⁇ 30kN as required under Specification EN 1621-1, 1996 issued by Tecnnical Committee TC 162 of the European Committee for Standardisation.
  • the protector has the capacity of reducing by half the impact energy associated with an actual fall or collision and, therefore, of providing adequate protection to the torso, shoulders and biceps of the rider.
  • the system makes use of the following three different cooling units:
  • the chilling effect of the first two units is limited to the upper areas of the torso (chest and back) and is produced by the bags forming part of the auxiliary shock-absorber system which are filled either with a solution of ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) in water (salt/water ratio 80/100) or with a liquid/gelatinous mixture of non-solidifiable glycols (HOCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH).
  • the functions of the chemical time-controlled and heatsink cooling systems can be performed by an electronic cooling system to be installed in place of the internal paddings and the auxiliary hydro- pneumatic shock-absorber bags.
  • the cooling system which is powered by 12 Vdc batteries and suitably screened, consists of a printed circuit card mounting Peltier Cells of assorted powers (10-50 W) and number in proportion to the desired cooling effect and weight.
  • Fans forced air ventilation
  • chemical time-controlled and heatsink cooling systems cooling bags
  • the epidermal cooling effect is produced by the valve (45) periodically discharging a portion of compressed gas, which undergoes a substantial drop in temperature during expansion so that the skin of the torso is cooled by the resultant spray.
  • the periodic opening of the valve is controlled, preferably, by a sealed screened electromechanical system (46) consisting of a small electric motor powered by 12Vdc batteries, which drives a cam actuator via plastic reduction gears.
  • a sealed screened electromechanical system consisting of a small electric motor powered by 12Vdc batteries, which drives a cam actuator via plastic reduction gears.
  • the electric motor drives a cam actuator (47) connected to a hinged cap (48) that forces the spring valve of the cylinder (facing down wards) against a fixed retainer (49) so that the valve remains open during the time corresponding to the cam dwell.
  • the torso protector can be "worn externally" (e.g. over racing garments), without in any way impairing its shock-absorbing and cooling characteristics, by replacing the hydro-pneumatic auxiliary shock-absorber system with either one or other of two different garments, both of which are worn next to the skin and perform the same shock-absosbing and cooling functions as the plastic elements (bags) contained in the above-mentioned system.
  • the protector is worn externally, it is not possible to use the impeller fans or other cooling systems which can therefore be dispensed with.
  • the two garments are described below and can be worn either by themselves or with other types of protector that are available on the market.
  • All components of the bearing structure are manufactured typically from polypropylene or polyethylene granulates or from other plastic materials having similar characteristics.
  • the material is first processed in an extruder and injected in a malleable alloy (e.g. lead-tin-copper) die, devoid of back drafts and provided with the necessary vents for removing air and excess material, and subsequently formed in an oleodynamic thermo regulated molding press (120 bar, 180 °C).
  • a malleable alloy e.g. lead-tin-copper
  • the molding operation must be performed so as to ensure total homogeneity of the material and complete absence of flashes, blisters or blowholes.
  • the extensible flexible elements of the shoulder shields are manufactured by hot-pressing and curing a rubber compound.
  • the padded collar band and internal and lateral paddings of the "basic" shock-absorbing structure are produced as described below.
  • the padded collar band and lateral paddings are manunactured from polyethylene reticulated polyurethane by thermoregulated extrusion (30 bar, 140°C).
  • the internal paddings are manufactured from cellular polyurethane or polyethylene stock (thickness, 50mm) by thermoforming (140°C), which also sets in the desired shape the internal seatings for the elements (bags) of the auxiliary shock-absorbing system; the elements themselves are manufactured from polyethilene powered by injection in multiple dies and subsequently welding together (140°C) the two halves.
  • the component parts of the cooling system include the above-mentioned bags and the ammonium nitrate tablets.
  • the tablets are manufactured from 99.9% pure ammonium nitrate granules using a hydraulic vertical ram press, pre-set for slow upstroke and applied pressure up to 40T.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Un protecteur du buste pour activités sportives, à enfiler à même le corps, dont la structure de maintien en fibres de carbone ou en plastique se compose d'un écran-protecteur antérieur (1), d'un écran-protecteur postérieur (2), de deux protège-épaules (3), de deux protège-biceps (4) et de deux écrans-protecteurs latéraux (5), ledit protecteur étant caractérisé par le fait de la présence de logements (36)constituant une structure d'amortissement des chocs en même temps qu'un système de refroidissement épidermique, et par le fait
    les écrans-protecteurs susdits, antérieur et postérieur (1,2) sont rembourrés intérieurement (34,35) et ont un profile externe permettant le logement des éléments hydropneumatiques (32) de ladite structure d'amortissement des chocs, qui constituent également les éléments du système de refroidissement épidermique;
    les protège-épaules susdits (3) comportent une base avec profil arqué (14) et un trou central avec rembourrage interne tout autour de la protection (15) sous laquelle est cousue une épaulette en nylon (16), le protège-épaule susdit (3) comporte également un couvercle supérieur au profil arqué (20) muni de deux cliquets d'arrêt (21) pour un fixage aisé à la base en question d'un petit toit soulevé servant de protection contre la pluie et les débris;
    chaque protège-bicep (4) est équipé de deux éléments flexibles qui s'élargissent en forme d'éventail (25), l'un deux étant fixé à l'écran-protecteur antérieur et l'autre à l'écran-protecteur postérieur;
    les écrans latéraux susdits (5) comportent une bande élastique (27) fixée aux écrans-protecteurs antérieur et postérieur, renforcée à l'extérieur par des éléments en plastic rigide (28) et à l'intérieur par des éléments en mousse polyuréthanne (29);
    la structure d'amortissement des chocs susdite comporte:
    un système de base d'amortissement des chocs constitué d'un rembourrage pour la protection du cou (33), des rembourrages (15, 38) des protège-épaules et protège-biceps et des susdits écrans-protecteur antérieur et postérieur (34, 35), et
    un système auxiliaire hydropneumatique d'amortissement des chocs comportant les éléments hydropneumatiques (32) à introduire dans lesdits rembourrages ixternes (35) desdits écrans-protecteurs antérieur et postérieur; ces éléments sont dotés de parois dont l'épaisseur est suffisante pour amortir l'impact du choc en cas de collision, et ont la forme de petits récipients (ou sachets) dépourvus de bords coupants et dont la surface en contact avec le torse présente des nervures formant des canaux longitudinaux (39) comportant un certain nombre de petites zones de rupture (40) dans lesquelles l'épaisseur du rembourrage est réduite de manière adéquate, le côté en contact avec l'épaulette présente une surface lisse et est muni d'un petit clapet à fermeture hermétique (41) à travers lequel sont introduits les contenus et équipé de quatre barrettes métalliques (42) afin de bloquer les réservoirs dans les logements des rembourrage des écrans-protecteurs antérieur et postérieur;
    lesdits réservoirs assume également la fonction de refroidisseur épidermique car ils sont remplis aux ¾ de leur capacité d'eau, si possible pré-refroidie, à laquelle on ajoute, immédiatement avant utilisation, du nitrate d'ammonium (NH4NO3) sous forme de pastilles (43) obtenues en appliquant différentes valeurs de pression, ou un mélange gélatineux non solidifiable à -18°C, et les réservoirs sont pré-refroidis dans un surgélateur et introduits avant l'utilisation dans les logements respectifs du rembourrage interne des écrans-protecteurs antérieur et postérieur;
    ledit système de refroidissement épidermique comporte également des unités électriques de refroidissement sous forme de deux ventilateurs (22) alimentés par piles, chacun d'eux étant monté soit dans le logement respectif situé dans lesdits couvercles (20) desdits protège-épaules (3) dont les trous centraux servent de prise d'air pour l'introduction de l'air à l'intérieur des ventilateurs, soit dans des logements situés dans les écrans-protecteurs antérieur, postérieur et dans les protège-épaules, dans l'espace défini par le profil arqué desdits écrans-protecteurs et par l'épaisseur du rembourrage.
  2. Le protecteur du buste selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lesdits réservoirs sont prévus également au niveau du protège-épaules (3) au-delà de l'épaulette en nylon.
  3. Le protecteur du buste selon la revendication 1., dans lequel lesdits ventilateurs sont installés également dans deux autres couvercles appliqués au niveau d'ouvertures commodes pratiquées dans les écrans-protecteurs antérieur et postérieur dont le rembourrage interne permet l'introduction de l'air.
  4. Le protecteur du buste suivant la revendication 1., dans lequel ledit système de refroidissement épidermique comporte des éléments de refroidissement dispersés sous forme de jets, consistants en de petits cylindres de gaz comprimé (44).
EP97929485A 1996-07-18 1997-06-12 Protecteur de torse universel a usages sportifs, pourvu de systemes hydropneumatiques d'absorption des chocs et de refroidissement de l'epiderme Expired - Lifetime EP0906039B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITLI960008 1996-07-18
IT96LI000008 IT1288354B1 (it) 1996-07-18 1996-07-18 Protettore universale del busto per impiego sportivo,a norme cee, con sistemi di ammortizzamento idro-pneumatici e sistemi di raffreddamento
PCT/IT1997/000132 WO1998003091A1 (fr) 1996-07-18 1997-06-12 Protecteur de torse universel a usages sportifs, pourvu de systemes hydropneumatiques d'absorption des chocs et de refroidissement de l'epiderme

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0906039A1 EP0906039A1 (fr) 1999-04-07
EP0906039B1 true EP0906039B1 (fr) 2000-04-19

Family

ID=11355942

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97929485A Expired - Lifetime EP0906039B1 (fr) 1996-07-18 1997-06-12 Protecteur de torse universel a usages sportifs, pourvu de systemes hydropneumatiques d'absorption des chocs et de refroidissement de l'epiderme

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0906039B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU3357697A (fr)
DE (1) DE69701735T2 (fr)
IT (1) IT1288354B1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11202954B2 (en) 2017-12-21 2021-12-21 Rawlings Sporting Goods Company, Inc. Hinged leg guard

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202004011794U1 (de) * 2004-07-27 2005-12-15 Maischak, Ralf Rückenwärmeschutz und dessen Kombination mit einem Nierengurt
US10842205B2 (en) 2016-10-20 2020-11-24 Nike, Inc. Apparel thermo-regulatory system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11202954B2 (en) 2017-12-21 2021-12-21 Rawlings Sporting Goods Company, Inc. Hinged leg guard

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1288354B1 (it) 1998-09-22
AU3357697A (en) 1998-02-10
ITLI960008A1 (it) 1998-01-18
EP0906039A1 (fr) 1999-04-07
DE69701735T2 (de) 2001-02-08
DE69701735D1 (de) 2000-05-25

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