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EP0996988A1 - Pile a combustible - Google Patents

Pile a combustible

Info

Publication number
EP0996988A1
EP0996988A1 EP98921601A EP98921601A EP0996988A1 EP 0996988 A1 EP0996988 A1 EP 0996988A1 EP 98921601 A EP98921601 A EP 98921601A EP 98921601 A EP98921601 A EP 98921601A EP 0996988 A1 EP0996988 A1 EP 0996988A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current distributor
sintered metal
cooperating
membrane electrode
fuel cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98921601A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Philip John Mitchell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Loughborough University
Loughborough University Innovations Ltd
Original Assignee
Loughborough University
Loughborough University Innovations Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9709541.8A external-priority patent/GB9709541D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9720822.7A external-priority patent/GB9720822D0/en
Application filed by Loughborough University, Loughborough University Innovations Ltd filed Critical Loughborough University
Publication of EP0996988A1 publication Critical patent/EP0996988A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0297—Arrangements for joining electrodes, reservoir layers, heat exchange units or bipolar separators to each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/669—Steels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H01M8/025—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form semicylindrical
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fuel cells, in particular to current distributors comprising sintered metals, and to fuel cells employing such current distribution.
  • SPFCs solid polymer fuel cells
  • An SPFC typically comprises a solid polymer electrolyte or ion exchange membrane having platinum catalyst located thereon.
  • the polymer electrolyte or ion exchange membrane is interposed between two sheet electrodes, typically of a porous carbon composition.
  • the catalyst may be located on these electrodes.
  • the combination of polymer electrolyte or ion membrane and electrodes is generally referred to as the membrane electrode assembly (MEA).
  • the MEA is conventionally sandwiched between a pair of current distributors.
  • the current distributors perform a number of roles, acting as current collectors, structural support, and providing passages for conveying fuel and oxidant to the MEA and removing water formed during the oxidation process.
  • the current distributors act as "bipolar plates" : a single current distributor is in contact with two MEAS, one face contacting an anode side of a first MEA, the other face contacting a cathode side of a second MEA.
  • prismatic bipolar stacking arrangements have a number of significant limitations : a) the bipolar plate must, for obvious reasons, be impermeable to hydrogen, thereby restricting the choice of materials and the manufacturing route.
  • Second generation SPFCs must address these issues and provide products which are reliable, and exhibit competitive performance and lifetime at an appropriate cost. In particular, it is desirable that emphasis is placed upon :
  • the present invention provides materials and fuel cell configurations which address the abovementioned considerations.
  • a current distributor comprising a sintered metal for use in a fuel cell.
  • the current distributor may be sufficiently porous that
  • oxidant and/or fuel gases may permeate from a first face of the distributor to a second face thereof;
  • water generated in the fuel cell can permeate from the second face of the distributor to the first face thereof.
  • the topography of the current distributor may be defined during the sintering process.
  • the topography of the distributor may consist of holes, hills, ridges, or combinations thereof.
  • the current distributor may comprise sintered stainless steel powder or mesh, which may comprise sintered 316 stainless steel powder or mesh.
  • a fuel cell arrangement comprising at least one current distributor according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the arrangement may be a back to back arrangement comprising :
  • a fuel gas manifold having a fuel gas inlet and outlet, and a fuel gas distribution assembly connecting said inlet to said outlet;
  • a first MEA cooperating with the first sintered metal anode current distributor;
  • a first sintered metal cathode current distributor cooperating with the first MEA;
  • a fuel cell may comprise:
  • the anode assembly having a fuel gas inlet and outlet, a fuel gas distribution assembly connecting said inlet to said outlet, and a recess, defined by one or more side walls, in which the membrane electrode assembly and cathode current distributor are disposed, the edge portions of the side wall or walls being inwardly folded to retain said membrane electrode assembly and cathode current distributor in the recess.
  • Figure 2 is a graph of potential vs current for six back-to-back fuel cell arrangements connected in series;
  • Figure 3 shows power output as a function of time for a single back- to-back fuel cell arrangement
  • Figure 4 shows a) components of a circular fuel call; and b) a cross sectional view of the circular fuel cell;
  • Figure 5 shows a) a first embodiment, and b) a second embodiment of a square fuel cell.
  • the invention comprises a current distributor comprising a sintered metal for use in a fuel cell.
  • Sintered metals are continuous metal structures produced from powdered metals or other forms of metals by appropriate treatment at elevated temperatures and pressures.
  • Sintered metal current distributors exhibit a number of advantageous properties, such as high mechanical strength, ductility, good heat and electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance at low cost. Of particular relevance to the present invention is ability to produce a material of defined porosity and controllable permeability. More specifically, sintered metal current distributors have been produced which are sufficiently porous that :
  • oxidant and/or fuel gases can permeate from a first face of the distributor to a second face thereof, and ii) water generated in the fuel cell can permeate from the second face of the distributor to the first face thereof.
  • topography of the sintered metal current distributor can be defined during the sintering process.
  • topographical features such as holes, hills, ridges or combinations thereof may be produced during the sintering process.
  • Such features may be incorporated, for example, to provide gas inlets and outlets, and gas feed manifolds. In this way, costly and time consuming machining of the current distributor is either reduced or completely eliminated.
  • Sintered metals fabricated from stainless steel powder or meshes are preferred; an example which has proven extremely useful is sintered metal fabricated from water quenched AISI 316 stainless steel powder (GKN Ltd, Lichfield, UK). Sintered meshes are also available from this manufacturer.
  • the optimal combination of metal and sintering conditions is dependent upon factors such as the precise operational characteristics of the fuel cell in question and the nature of the MEA employed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a fuel cell arrangement 10 comprising at least one current distributor of the present invention.
  • the arrangement 10 is a back to back one comprising :
  • a fuel gas manifold 12 having a fuel gas inlet 12a and outlet 12b, and a fuel gas distribution assembly 12c connecting said inlet 12a to said outlet 12b;
  • the first and second MEAs 16, 22 comprise carbon cloth electrodes having platinum catalyst, thermally bonded to a Nafion ® 112 membrane.
  • the sintered metal current distributors 14, 18,20, 24 comprise sintered 316 stainless steel powder.
  • the cell arrangement operates on ambient air, which is introduced to the MEAs 16, 22 principally through a plurality of relatively large pores/holes 18a, 24a located in the first and second sintered metal cathode current distributors 18, 24. These relatively large pores/holes 18a, 24a may be formed by drilling or, preferably, in the initial manufacturing step as described earlier. Pore size can range between 10 ⁇ m and 1 mm or greater. The use of a mesh is also feasible.
  • the hydrogen gas enters the fuel cell arrangement 10 via fuel gas inlet 12a and exits via fuel gas outlet 12b.
  • the sintered metal current distributors 14, 18, 20, 24 also possess a multitude of micropores (produced by the sintering process).
  • the microporous nature of these sintered components leads to a capillary attraction into the bulk, which enables efficient removal of moisture, primarily on the cathode side of the MEAs 16, 22, to be achieved.
  • it is advantageous that the face of the cathode current distributors which moisture is transported towards is open to atmosphere, since this results in a continuous transpiratory pull.
  • water may be continuously extracted at a rate which is regulated by both thermal and convective influences on evaporation.
  • porous can encompass relatively large pores which might be introduced after the initial sintering process has been completed. These relatively large pores have been found to enhance the transport of air to the MEA.
  • the capillary action which results in water removal from the MEA is due to the presence of the micropores, which are formed in the sintering process.
  • the back-to-back fuel cell arrangement will operate if the relatively large pores are not present, i.e. if air is transported to the MEA solely through the micropores.
  • this arrangement is not an optimal one since slow flooding of the sintered metal matrix results in eventual oxygen starvation.
  • the optimum range of pores sizes and pore distribution is likely to be device and application specific.
  • the MEA employed is likely to influence the choice of sintered metal employed, since different membranes exhibit different water capacities, affinities and electro osmotic drag characteristics, and different gas diffusion electrodes have different water rejection capabilities. Further factors include the power output of the cell and the air flow into the cell.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show the results of tests on fuel cell arrangements of the above description.
  • Figure 2 shows output potential vs current for six back-to-back fuel cell arrangements connected in series.
  • Hydrogen at 1 bar pressure is used in conjunction with naturally convected air.
  • a platinum dispersion of 2mg cm '2 is employed.
  • Figure 3 shows the results of an (ongoing) long term test of the power output of a single ambient air "breathing" back-to-back fuel cell arrangement. Hydrogen at 1 bar pressure is used, and the cell temperature is maintained at 35°C. Excellent reproducibility is exhibited over a period in excess of 80 days continuous operation.
  • gas permeable sintered metal current distributors are not suitable, for obvious reasons, to act as traditional bipolar plates.
  • Such bipolar plates do not possess the ability to remove moisture.
  • the considerable advantage of being able to define the size and topography of the current distributor during the forming process (the sintering) is retained.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show further embodiments of fuel cells incorporating sintered metal current distributors.
  • Figure 4b shows a fuel cell comprising: an anode assembly 40;
  • the anode assembly 40 having a fuel gas inlet 46 and outlet 48, a fuel gas distribution assembly 50 connecting said inlet 46 to said outlet 48, and a recess 52, defined by one or more side walls 54, in which the membrane electrode assembly 42 and cathode current distributor 44 are disposed, the edge portions 54a of the side wall or walls 54 being inwardly folded to retain said membrane electrode assembly 42 and cathode current distributor 44 in the recess 52.
  • Insulating means such as an insulating gasket 56, is disposed between the inwardly folded edge portions 54a and the cathode current distributor 44.
  • the anode assembly 40 is conveniently manufactured in stainless steel, although other conductive materials would suggest themselves to the skilled person.
  • the fuel gas distribution assembly 50 as shown in Figure 4, comprises a serpentine fuel distribution channel conveniently formed in the stainless steel back face of the anode assembly.
  • Other types of fuel gas distribution assemblies are within the scope of the invention.
  • a channel might allow a "zig zag" path rather than a serpentine path.
  • the anode assembly 40 need not necessarily comprise a single, integral unit : rather, the fuel distribution channel might be formed in a separate anode assembly plate.
  • the cathode current distributor 44 is formed from a sintered metal which, as described previously, may comprise sintered powder or mesh.
  • a further advantage of the fuel cell arrangements of the type shown in Figure 4 is that they are conveniently stacked together.
  • a stacking arrangement a plurality of standard fuel cells can be used to provide a desired voltage output.
  • a suitable stack holder can be provided to retain the fuel cells.
  • the fuel cells in the stacking arrangement may be conveniently separated by gaskets, electrical connection between adjacent cells being made via simple electrodes which are conveniently retained between the folded edge portions of the anode assembly side wall and the cathode current distributor.
  • FIGs 5a and 5b illustrate another embodiment of a fuel cell suitable for use in a stacking arrangement. This embodiment may be employed, for example, when the fuel cell is of square or rectangular cross-section (when the use of separating gaskets is perhaps less convenient).
  • FIG 5a two fuel cell arrangements 60, 68 are shown, each arrangement 60, 68 having an anode current distributor 62, 70 a membrane electrode assembly 64, 72, and a sintered metal cathode current distributor 66, 74.
  • the sintered metal cathode current distributors 66, 74 are of the type described previously which allows oxidant gases and generated water to permeate through its structure.
  • the anode current distributors 62, 70 are formed from a conductive material which is not permeable in this way, such as stainless steel or a high density sintered metal. Furthermore, the anode current distributor 62, 70 have a series of crenellations formed on one face thereof. For convenience, the fuel gas distribution system is not shown in Figure 5. However, it is understood that many such systems, which might involve the use of serpentive or zig-zag feed channels formed on the surface of the anode current distributors 62, 70, might be employed.
  • the use of conductive carbon electrode layers, as previously described, positioned between the membrane electrodes assemblies and the current collectors, is also within the scope of the invention.
  • the fuel cells 60, 68 shown in Figure 5a may be conveniently stacked together, the crennelations of the anode current distributor 70 of one fuel cell 68 abutting the cathode current distributor 66 of the adjacent fuel cell 60 to form channels along which generated water may be removed. It should be noted that the crennelations need not be of rectangular cross section : other cross sectional configurations, such as semicircular or 'V shaped, may be employed.
  • FIG. 5b shows an alternative embodiment of a fuel cell 76 suitable for stacking.
  • the fuel cell 76 comprises an impermeable anode current distributor 78, a membrane electrode assembly 80 and a sintered metal cathode current distributor 82.
  • the cathode current distributor 82 comprises a series of crenellations, which, when fuel cells are stacked, abut the anode current distributors of adjacent fuel cells, thereby providing water removal channels.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif de répartition de courant comportant un métal fritté destiné à être utilisé dans une pile à combustible.
EP98921601A 1997-05-13 1998-05-13 Pile a combustible Withdrawn EP0996988A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9709541.8A GB9709541D0 (en) 1997-05-13 1997-05-13 Fuel cells
GB9709541 1997-05-13
GBGB9720822.7A GB9720822D0 (en) 1997-10-02 1997-10-02 Fuel cells
GB9720822 1997-10-02
PCT/GB1998/001369 WO1998052241A1 (fr) 1997-05-13 1998-05-13 Pile a combustible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0996988A1 true EP0996988A1 (fr) 2000-05-03

Family

ID=26311515

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98921601A Withdrawn EP0996988A1 (fr) 1997-05-13 1998-05-13 Pile a combustible

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0996988A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU7439498A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998052241A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE518621C2 (sv) * 2000-07-07 2002-10-29 Volvo Ab Struktur för en polymerbränslecell
SE522666C2 (sv) * 2000-07-07 2004-02-24 Volvo Ab Gasfördelningselement för bränsleceller, bränslecell samt metod för att tillverka ett gasfördelningselement
WO2023222930A1 (fr) 2022-05-17 2023-11-23 Universidad Carlos Iii De Madrid Plaque bipolaire d'une pile à combustible à membrane polymère et procédés de fabrication

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US3677721A (en) * 1970-12-07 1972-07-18 Union Carbide Corp Porous metal bodies of uniform porosity
JPS601761A (ja) * 1983-06-17 1985-01-07 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol 燃料電池及びその製造方法
JPS6014769A (ja) * 1983-07-06 1985-01-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 燃料電池
JPS6152383A (ja) * 1984-08-21 1986-03-15 Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd 陽イオン交換膜を電解質とする電気化学装置
JP2541276B2 (ja) * 1988-04-04 1996-10-09 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 燃料電池用リブ付電極の製造方法
AT393045B (de) * 1989-08-08 1991-07-25 Peter Dipl Ing Dr Schuetz Plattenfoermige duennschicht-h2/o2-brennstoffzelle und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
DE4027655C1 (fr) * 1990-08-31 1991-10-31 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V., 8000 Muenchen, De
DE4206490C2 (de) * 1992-03-02 1994-03-10 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Elektrisch leitfähige Gasverteilerstruktur für eine Brennstoffzelle und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
IT1270878B (it) * 1993-04-30 1997-05-13 Permelec Spa Nora Migliorata cella elettrochimica utilizzante membrane a scambio ionico e piatti bipolari metallici
JPH07220734A (ja) * 1994-01-31 1995-08-18 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd ガス拡散電極の製造方法
US5716664A (en) * 1995-12-22 1998-02-10 Marchetti; George A. Method of making a hydrophilic, graphite electrode membrane assembly
DE19548422A1 (de) * 1995-12-22 1997-09-11 Hoechst Ag Materialverbunde und ihre kontinuierliche Herstellung
DE19630004C2 (de) * 1996-07-25 2001-11-08 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Anodenstromkollektor für eine Schmelzkarbonatbrennstoffzelle

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7439498A (en) 1998-12-08
WO1998052241A1 (fr) 1998-11-19

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