EP0996959B1 - Circuit breaker for low voltage alternating electric installation - Google Patents
Circuit breaker for low voltage alternating electric installation Download PDFInfo
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- EP0996959B1 EP0996959B1 EP99919323A EP99919323A EP0996959B1 EP 0996959 B1 EP0996959 B1 EP 0996959B1 EP 99919323 A EP99919323 A EP 99919323A EP 99919323 A EP99919323 A EP 99919323A EP 0996959 B1 EP0996959 B1 EP 0996959B1
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- Prior art keywords
- control shaft
- cam
- contact
- track
- contacts
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H19/00—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand
- H01H19/54—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand the operating part having at least five or an unspecified number of operative positions
- H01H19/60—Angularly-movable actuating part carrying no contacts
- H01H19/635—Contacts actuated by rectilinearly-movable member linked to operating part, e.g. by pin and slot
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
- H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
- H01H1/18—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with subsequent sliding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrical switching device for installation AC low voltage electric with at least two phase conductors with or without neutral conductor, comprising a cut-off module per conductor and a control module provided with an actuation mechanism for said modules cutoff, each cutoff module comprising at least one input terminal connected to a fixed contact, one output terminal connected to a fixed contact, two others fixed contacts connected together by a bridge or a fuse and forming with the others fixed contacts two pairs of fixed contacts and two associated movable contacts respectively to a pair of fixed contacts, an engaged position and a position triggered, the control module comprising at least one control axis coupled to an operating handle, this axis passing through said cut-off modules and carrying at least one cam coupled to at least one moving unit in translation coupled to said movable contacts to be moved from a first stable position called position engaged to a second stable position called triggered position.
- breaking devices commonly called switches, fuse switches or change-over switches are used to distribute energy to installations electrical or to order industrial equipment in low AC voltage, for example 380 V, and in a current range of a few tens to a few thousands of amps.
- the so-called double-cut devices have two movable contacts by pole or breaking module.
- contacts mobiles consist of a rectilinear bar which performs between its two positions stable a pure translational movement and the fixed contacts of the same pair are arranged in the same plane parallel to said mobile contact.
- the movement of translation of the movable contacts is traditionally obtained by an integral cam at its center of the control axis of the cut-off modules.
- the cam may have an almost oval shape and have a guide path on its edge.
- each mobile contact is connected to a mobile equipment provided on either side of the control axis and applied against the edge of the oval cam by means of a spring.
- the rotation of the cam generated by the rotation of the control axis causes the moving part in a movement of radial translation transmitted simultaneously to the corresponding mobile contact.
- the almost oval shape of the cam is generally optimized to allow a sudden cut and an optimal maneuvering effort.
- the cam can also have a round shape on which the crews are fixed movable at eccentric points, thus forming a connecting rod-wheel system. So the rotation of the cam also causes the radial translation of the moving assembly which is transmitted to the corresponding mobile contact.
- the known and briefly described breaking devices above have many disadvantages. Because the movable contacts move of pure translation, there is no friction between the movable contacts and the contacts fixed at the time of switching on and off. Therefore, there is no self-cleaning of the contact surfaces. This lack is detrimental to the quality of the electric contact. In particular, the contact resistance increases with the number of maneuvers performed and the number of arcs established between the contacts fixed and mobile. The deterioration in the quality of the electrical contact causes a overheating of the contact surfaces and of the device in general, inducing losses by the Joules effect, as well as a reduction in the service life of both contacts and the device. On the other hand, in conventional devices, the number of parts is relatively large.
- the effort applied to mobile contact corresponds to that applied by the cam integral with the control axis itself secured to the operating handle.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a breaking device with a new geometry of fixed and mobile contacts promoting self-cleaning of the contact surfaces but above all increasing the effort contact for the same force applied by the cam.
- the switching device proposed has a newly arranged cam to respond to different characteristics required for switching on and off so to optimize the operating conditions as much as possible.
- each movable contact has two contact surfaces arranged in substantially perpendicular planes, in that the fixed contacts of the same pair are arranged in substantially perpendicular planes of so that their respective contact surface is placed opposite the surface corresponding contact provided on said movable contact when it is in position engaged and in that each movable contact moves in radial translation by relative to the control axis in a direction substantially perpendicular to a straight passing through its two contact surfaces.
- each movable contact has two end branches arranged on either side of a middle branch and forming a angle of approximately 45 ° with respect to said middle branch, the surfaces of contact being provided on the two end branches.
- the movable assembly advantageously consists of a substantially rectangular extending transversely across said modules of the cutoff and arranged in an inclined plane substantially parallel to the control axis.
- the frame may have at least two parallel walls, oriented radially by relative to the control axis and arranged to slide along two walls corresponding formed in the housing of said apparatus for guiding said frame in translation.
- the frame comprises, for each movable contact corresponding, a window oriented substantially perpendicular to the axis of control and a return spring housed in this window to request said contact movable towards the fixed contacts.
- the frame also includes at least one notch intended to receive said cam, at least one wall of this notch comprising a substantially training finger parallel to the control axis and engaged in at least one track provided in said cam.
- the cam comprises, for each movable assembly, a groove non-circular, delimited by an internal wall close to the control axis and a outer wall remote from the control axis, these walls being arranged to guide said drive finger, respectively on switching on and off.
- the bottom of the groove advantageously has different reliefs arranged to define, respectively with the internal and external walls, two distinct tracks either a forward track for triggering and a return track for triggering.
- the forward track has a first part substantially straight and a second circular part of small radius eccentric by relative to the control axis and the return track has a first circular part of constant radius centered on the control axis and a second circular part of which the radius is less than said constant radius.
- the second part of the outward track communicates with the first part of the track back by a shoulder.
- This cam advantageously comprises a central barrel integral in rotation with the axis of control and sliding on the latter and the notch provided as part of the crew mobile has a width greater than that of the cam allowing it to axial travel corresponding to the differences in relief of the bottom of the groove.
- the barrel has at least one of its free ends a cam profile cooperating with at least one lug provided at least in the housing of said cam device and oriented radially with respect to the control axis and the control axis carries a return spring arranged to maintain the cam profile in abutment on said lug.
- the groove can extend in one direction opposite to that of the outward and return tracks, by a test track, framed by the walls internal and external, this track being circular, close to the control axis, of radius constant centered on this axis.
- the cam has on its rear face a close circular groove of the control axis and centered on this axis and the frame of the mobile assembly comprises a guide shoe 46 disposed opposite the drive finger 45 and arranged for be housed in said groove when the device is in the test position.
- the switching device 1 comprises, in the example shown, a control module 2 and three breaking modules 3.
- This device is intended for a three-phase electrical installation, i.e. with three phase conductors, but could be adapted to any other installation.
- the cut-off modules 3 are either made up of independent boxes, juxtaposed and assembled by any known means, or grouped in a single box 4.
- Each cut-off module 3 is associated with a conductor of said installation and includes known manner an input terminal 30 connected to a fixed contact 31, an output terminal 32 connected to a fixed contact 33, two other fixed contacts 31 ', 33' (not shown on this figure) integral with the cover of the device, interconnected by a conductive bridge 34 (not shown in this figure) or a fuse and forming with the other contacts fixed 31, 33 two pairs of fixed contacts, as well as two movable contacts 35, 36 each associated with a pair of fixed contacts 31, 31 'and 33, 33' and having two positions stable, an engaged position and a triggered position.
- Fixed contacts 31, 31 ', 33, 33 'each have a contact surface consisting of a contact pad 37 and the movable contacts 35, 36 each have two contact surfaces consisting of contact pads 38 arranged to bear against the pads contact 37 when the switching device 1 is in the engaged position.
- Contacts mobiles 35, 36 are mounted respectively in two mobile equipments 40 identical, arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis A of said switching device 1 and mobile in translation in two opposite directions and substantially perpendicular to said axis A.
- the control module 2 comprises in known manner a housing 20, an axis of transmission 21 connected to an operating handle (not shown) accessible to the outside of said housing and coupled by toothed pinions 22, constituting a reference angle, to a control axis 23 of the movable contacts 35, 36, arranged in the axis A and passing through the cut-off modules 3. Nevertheless, the operating handle can be directly coupled to one end of the control axis 23 according to the configuration that one wishes to give to said switching device. This assembly is possible because, as we will see later, the operating clearance is at the level of the control mechanism for the cut-off modules and no longer at the control module.
- the control axis 23 is integral with each movable contact 35, 36 for the order simultaneously synchronously and abruptly.
- This module of control 2 also includes a snap action device 24 by accumulation of energy, connected to said control axis 23 and arranged to cause a quick switching on and off of mobile contacts in relation to fixed contacts.
- This snap action device 24 makes it possible, in known manner, to avoid the stagnation of electric arcs on tripping, early arcing of engagement and has a spring mounted in such a way that all intermediate positions between the on and off positions of the break are unstable.
- the control axis 23 carries two identical cams 50 each mounted on a barrel 51 which can slide axially with respect to said axis 23. These cams 50 are pushed towards the control module 2 by means of a spring reminder 52 disposed on the control shaft 23 between a side wall of the housing 4 and the was 51 closest. Each cam 50 is arranged to cooperate with the two moving parts 40 so as to move the contacts synchronously mobile 35, 36 from their triggered position to their engaged position and vice versa.
- FIGS. 2 to 7 partially illustrate the switching device 1 showing the parts which constitute the present invention, in different positions.
- the parts are shown in transparency, seen from the end of the control axis 23.
- FIGS. 3, 5 and 7, these parts are represented by perspective.
- the parts making up said switching device 1 are almost all symmetrical about axis A.
- the input 30 and output 32 terminals are respectively connected to the fixed contacts 31 and 33.
- These fixed contacts 31, 33 each consist of a conductive bar bent at right angles, one of the branches being housed in the corresponding terminal and the other branch carrying a contact pad 37, for example riveted.
- the two others fixed contacts 31 ', 33' consist of a conductive bar folded twice at an angle straight to form a stair step, one of the branches being housed in the hood of the device and the other branch carrying a contact pad 37.
- the fixed contacts form two by two pairs of fixed contacts 31, 31 'and 33, 33' whose pads of contact 37 are arranged in perpendicular planes.
- Fixed contacts 31 ', 33' are connected to each other either by means of a bridge forming a simple switch, or to the by means of a fuse cartridge forming a fuse switch.
- the movable contacts 35, 36 consist of a conductive bar comprising two end branches arranged on either side of a middle branch and forming with it an angle of substantially 45 °. Each end branch carries a patch contact 38 for example riveted. Contact pads 38 of the same contact mobile are arranged in perpendicular planes and are intended to be in contact with the contact pads 37 of the corresponding pair of fixed contacts, in the engaged position.
- the movable contacts 35, 36 are mounted respectively in the moving parts 40 arranged to move them simultaneously, so synchronous, in translation in a direction F perpendicular to a straight line passing through the two contact pads 38.
- the angled or possibly rounded shape of the movable contacts 35, 36 as well as the moving contacts at 45 ° relative to the fixed contacts allow ensure that the pads are self-cleaning at each engagement and tripping contact 37, 38.
- the contact pads 38 are positioned on the pads of contact 37 or move away from them according to the translational movement F which is breaks down into a horizontal component F1 and a vertical component F2, each component generating friction between the pellets 37, 38.
- the effort maneuver G transmitted to the mobile contacts 35, 36 affects the contacts fixed 31, 33 according to the horizontal component G1 and on the fixed contacts 31 ', 33' according to the vertical component G2.
- the angle of said maneuvering force G being 45 °, since it is parallel to the direction F, the components G1 and G2 have an equal value than G / ⁇ 2, that is to say greater than G / 2 as in the prior art. So for a same maneuvering effort, the contact effort is increased by 40%. This results in a improvement of electrical characteristics: breaking capacity and resistance to short circuits are significantly improved.
- the particular construction of fixed and movable contacts halves the total length of copper required, which leads to a reduction in the cost price of all switching device 1.
- the moving parts 40 each consist of a frame 41 substantially rectangular extending in the three cut-off modules and arranged in a plane inclined passing through the control axis 23.
- This frame 41 has three windows 42 rectangular, oriented radially with respect to the control axis 23 and intended receiving the movable contacts 35, 36 of said modules.
- the width of the windows 42 is slightly higher than that of the movable contacts 35, 36 so as to spare said operating set mentioned previously. Therefore, the frame 41 is slightly floating compared to the rest of the mechanism.
- a return spring 43 is provided in each window 42 to maintain said movable contacts 35, 36, in their planar middle branch, bearing against said frame 41 towards the outside, that is to say distant from the control axis 23, towards the fixed contacts.
- This frame 41 also includes two housings 44 also rectangular, intended to receive the two cams 50. On the walls opposite each housing 44 are respectively provided a drive finger 45 oriented parallel to axis A and a guide shoe 46, each cooperating with the faces opposite of the corresponding cam 50. The width of the housings 44 is approximately equal to twice that of the cams 50 thus allowing them an axial clearance D which will be detailed later.
- This frame 41 is extended outwards by at least two transverse walls 47 arranged to slide against transverse walls corresponding 48 provided in the housing 4 of the cut-off modules 3 so as to guide said movable assembly 40 in its translational movement. Each crew mobile 40 is thus driven by its two fingers 45 guided in the two cams 50 of so as to guarantee its displacement in radial translation parallel to the axis A.
- Each cam 50 has a barrel 51 slidably mounted on the control shaft 23 corresponding to the axial travel D mentioned above.
- the free end of this barrel 51 has a left cam profile 53 cooperating with two lugs 54 facing each other provided respectively on the housing 4 (see Fig. 9) and the cover (not shown) of said device 1, on the side of the control module 2.
- This cam profile 53 allows a share the mechanical coupling of two consecutive 51 drums when two 50 cams are mounted on the control shaft 23 and on the other hand the axial clearance D of said cams, the function of which will be specified later.
- Return spring 52 (see Fig. 1) maintains this cam profile 53 in abutment on the lugs 54.
- the cams 50 are arranged to move simultaneously, synchronously and in translation along F both moving parts 40 and comprise, for this purpose, on the side of the drive fingers 45 two non-circular grooves 55, that is to say the distance to the axis A varies in depending on the angle of rotation, these two grooves being identical and offset angularly 120 °.
- the following detail relates to a single groove 55 cooperating with the drive finger 45 of a single mobile assembly 40 associated with a single set of movable contacts 36.
- This groove 55 is defined laterally by an internal wall 55a close to the axis A and an outer wall 55b remote from the axis A, these walls having the function of guiding of the drive finger 45.
- the bottom of the groove 55 has different reliefs defining, respectively with the internal walls 55a and external 55b, two tracks 56, 57 separate, also having the function of guiding the drive finger 45: a go track 56 for guiding finger 45 from the triggered position to the position engaged and a return track 57 to guide finger 45 from the engaged position to the triggered position.
- the outward track 56 When switching on, i.e. to switch from the triggered position (see Fig. 2 and 3) in the engaged position (cf. Fig. 4 and 5), an effort is made to obtain operation as low as possible and to ensure good electrical contact between the mobile contacts and fixed contacts.
- the outward track 56 therefore has two parts (see for clarity Figure 4 in which the parts are hatched): a first substantially straight portion 56a and a second circular portion 56b of small radius.
- the race carried out by the operating handle of the switching device 1 generates a displacement proportional to the moving element 40 and therefore to the moving contacts 36.
- the stroke performed by the operating handle causes displacement and a rapid approach of the moving element 40 having the effect of positioning very fast and tightening of the movable contacts 36 on the corresponding fixed contacts 33, 33 '.
- the outward track 56 has a varying depth, increasing in the direction of rotation then a sudden change in level caused by a shoulder 56c.
- the cam 50 moves axially by one value equal to the difference in depth, by relaxing the return spring 52. This axial displacement of the cam 50 has the advantage of positioning the drive finger 45 immediately on the return track 57.
- the return track 57 therefore comprises two parts (see for clarity in FIG. 4 in which the parts are hatched): a first circular part 57a of constant radius centered on axis A and a second circular part 57b whose radius is clearly smaller than said constant radius.
- the stroke carried out by the operating handle of the switching device 1 remains without effect on the movement of the moving element 40 and therefore on that of the moving contacts 36. Nevertheless, the energy is stored in the snap action device 24.
- the return track 57 has a varying depth, decreasing in the direction of rotation.
- the cam 50 moves axially by a value equal to the difference in depth, by compressing the return spring 52. This axial displacement of the cam 50 has the advantage of positioning the drive finger 45 immediately at the starting point, in the runway 56.
- the outward and return tracks 56 have different reliefs so as to ensure a safe guiding of the training finger 45 in the correct track so that it is guided, during of engagement, by the internal wall 55a of the groove and, when triggered, by the outer wall 55b. Furthermore, to avoid excessive efforts on the fingers drive 45 of the moving parts 40, the axial displacement of the cams 50 induced by the relief of the outward and return tracks, is helped by the adapted cam profile 53 provided on the barrel 51. This cam profile 53 rests on the lugs 54 integral with the housing 4 and of the cover of the device 1 and helps the cams 50, in association with the spring 52, to move axially during their rotation.
- the outward and return tracks 56 may have other curvatures and reliefs of so as to optimize the switching on and off conditions for each switching device 1.
- This switching device 1 also includes a test position illustrated by the Figures 6 to 8.
- This test position allows actuation of the auxiliary contacts arranged for example on control module 2 to test their control circuits used to check the switched on or off state of the switchgear.
- This test position is obtained by turning the handle of said device by an angle of 60 to 90 ° in the opposite direction to that of engagement. At the time of this rotation, the moving parts 40 must not move, the switching device 1 must remain in the triggered position.
- Each groove 55 is extended by a test track 58, framed by the internal walls 55a and external 55b, this track being circular, close to the axis of command 23, of constant radius and center the axis A and ending with a imprint 59 corresponding to the end of the drive finger 45 in the test position.
- a circular groove 60 close to the axis 23 and centered on the axis A.
- This circular groove 60 is intended to receive the guide shoe 46 provided on the moving parts 40 opposite the drive finger 45. It ensures the guiding of the moving parts 40 relative to the cams 50 so that, when the test phase is complete, the drive finger 45 is repositioned in the correct track, namely the outward track 46.
- the cam 50 has a peripheral zone of lesser thickness 61 whose function is twofold. First of all, it allows mounting of the cam 50 in the frame 41 of the moving assembly 40, between the drive finger 45 and the guide shoe 46. It then allows the hood to be locked automatically. (not shown) of the switching device 1 when the latter is in position engaged, by means of a complementary device provided on said cover.
- the invention makes it possible to reach all of the goals mentioned.
- it allows the cost of manufacture of the cut-off modules and therefore of the cut-off device while improving its technical performance.
- almost all parts of the mechanism for moving contacts can be made by molding in a material technically suitable, such as in thermoplastic or thermoset.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described but extends to any modification and variant obvious to a person skilled in the art.
- the number of cut-off modules depends on the number of phases of the installation with the presence or absence of a neutral.
- the number of fixed contacts, contacts mobile, cams, windows and notches provided as part of mobile equipment is adapted accordingly.
- the shape of the different parts making up said movable contact control mechanism can vary all remaining within the protective field defined in the claims.
- the Illustrated and described geometry of the outward, return and test tracks is given only for example.
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- Mechanisms For Operating Contacts (AREA)
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- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un appareil de coupure électrique pour installation électrique à basse tension alternative pourvue d'au moins deux conducteurs de phase avec ou sans conducteur de neutre, comportant un module de coupure par conducteur et un module de commande pourvu d'un mécanisme d'actionnement desdits modules de coupure, chaque module de coupure comportant au moins une borne d'entrée reliée à un contact fixe, une borne de sortie reliée à un contact fixe, deux autres contacts fixes reliés entre eux par un pont ou un fusible et formant avec les autres contacts fixes deux paires de contacts fixes et deux contacts mobiles associés respectivement à une paire de contacts fixes, une position enclenchée et une position déclenchée, le module de commande comportant au moins un axe de commande couplé à une poignée de manoeuvre, cet axe traversant lesdits modules de coupure et portant au moins une came couplée à au moins un équipage mobile en translation couplé auxdits contacts mobiles pour être déplacés d'une première position stable dite position enclenchée à une seconde position stable dite position déclenchée.The present invention relates to an electrical switching device for installation AC low voltage electric with at least two phase conductors with or without neutral conductor, comprising a cut-off module per conductor and a control module provided with an actuation mechanism for said modules cutoff, each cutoff module comprising at least one input terminal connected to a fixed contact, one output terminal connected to a fixed contact, two others fixed contacts connected together by a bridge or a fuse and forming with the others fixed contacts two pairs of fixed contacts and two associated movable contacts respectively to a pair of fixed contacts, an engaged position and a position triggered, the control module comprising at least one control axis coupled to an operating handle, this axis passing through said cut-off modules and carrying at least one cam coupled to at least one moving unit in translation coupled to said movable contacts to be moved from a first stable position called position engaged to a second stable position called triggered position.
Ces appareils de coupure appelés communément interrupteurs, interrupteurs-fusibles ou commutateurs-inverseurs sont destinés à distribuer l'énergie à des installations électriques ou à commander des équipements industriels en basse tension alternative, par exemple 380 V, et dans une plage de courant de quelques dizaines à quelques milliers d'ampères. Les appareils de coupure dits à double coupure comportent deux contacts mobiles par pôle ou module de coupure. Le plus souvent, les contacts mobiles sont constitués d'une barre rectiligne qui effectue entre ses deux positions stables un mouvement de translation pure et les contacts fixes d'une même paire sont disposés dans un même plan parallèle audit contact mobile. Le mouvement de translation des contacts mobiles est obtenu traditionnellement par une came solidaire en son centre de l'axe de commande des modules de coupure. La came peut présenter une forme presque ovale et comporter un chemin de guidage sur sa tranche. Dans ce cas, chaque contact mobile est relié à un équipage mobile prévu de part et d'autre de l'axe de commande et appliqué contre la tranche de la came ovale grâce à un ressort. La rotation de la came générée par la rotation de l'axe de commande entraíne l'équipage mobile dans un mouvement de translation radiale transmis simultanément au contact mobile correspondant. La forme quasi ovale de la came est généralement optimisée pour permettre une coupure brusque et un effort de manoeuvre optimal. La came peut aussi présenter une forme ronde sur laquelle sont fixés les équipages mobiles en des points excentrés, formant ainsi un système bielle-roue. Ainsi, la rotation de la came entraíne également la translation radiale de l'équipage mobile qui se transmet au contact mobile correspondant.These breaking devices commonly called switches, fuse switches or change-over switches are used to distribute energy to installations electrical or to order industrial equipment in low AC voltage, for example 380 V, and in a current range of a few tens to a few thousands of amps. The so-called double-cut devices have two movable contacts by pole or breaking module. Most often, contacts mobiles consist of a rectilinear bar which performs between its two positions stable a pure translational movement and the fixed contacts of the same pair are arranged in the same plane parallel to said mobile contact. The movement of translation of the movable contacts is traditionally obtained by an integral cam at its center of the control axis of the cut-off modules. The cam may have an almost oval shape and have a guide path on its edge. In this case, each mobile contact is connected to a mobile equipment provided on either side of the control axis and applied against the edge of the oval cam by means of a spring. The rotation of the cam generated by the rotation of the control axis causes the moving part in a movement of radial translation transmitted simultaneously to the corresponding mobile contact. The almost oval shape of the cam is generally optimized to allow a sudden cut and an optimal maneuvering effort. The cam can also have a round shape on which the crews are fixed movable at eccentric points, thus forming a connecting rod-wheel system. So the rotation of the cam also causes the radial translation of the moving assembly which is transmitted to the corresponding mobile contact.
Les appareils de coupure connus et décrits brièvement ci-dessus présentent de nombreux inconvénients. Du fait que les contacts mobiles effectuent un mouvement de translation pure, il n'y a pas de friction entre les contacts mobiles et les contacts fixes au moment de l'enclenchement et du déclenchement. Par conséquent, il n'y a pas d'auto-nettoyage des surfaces de contact. Ce manque est préjudiciable à la qualité du contact électrique. Notamment, la résistance de contact augmente avec le nombre de manoeuvres effectuées et le nombre d'arcs électriques s'établissant entre les contacts fixes et mobiles. La détérioration de la qualité du contact électrique provoque un échauffement des surfaces de contact et de l'appareil en général induisant des pertes par effet Joules, ainsi qu'une diminution de la durée de vie à la fois des contacts et de l'appareil. D'autre part, dans les appareils classiques, le nombre de pièces est relativement important. Il faut disposer, notamment, de plusieurs pièces conductrices intermédiaires pour réaliser le circuit complet de la borne d'entrée à la borne de sortie. Ces pièces étant couramment réalisées en cuivre, le prix de revient des modules de coupure reste relativement élevé. Par ailleurs, l'effort appliqué au contact mobile correspond à celui appliqué par la came solidaire de l'axe de commande lui-même solidaire de la poignée de manoeuvre. Or, le fait que chaque contact mobile rectiligne coopère avec deux contacts fixes disposés dans un même plan, l'effort appliqué sur chaque contact fixe correspond à la moitié de la force transmise par la came. Ceci implique pour augmenter l'effort aux contacts d'augmenter l'effort de manoeuvre sur la poignée, ce qui est à l'opposé de l'objectif recherché à l'enclenchement. De plus. dans les appareils de coupure classiques, la vitesse et la distance de déplacement des contacts mobiles en fonction du temps sont identiques à l'enclenchement et au déclenchement, ce qui est préjudiciable à une optimisation des conditions physiques dans l'une et l'autre positions stables. En effet, à l'enclenchement, on recherche un effort de manoeuvre le plus faible possible ainsi qu'une vitesse d'enclenchement la plus rapide possible. Par contre, au déclenchement, on recherche une coupure brusque pour éviter au maximum l'apparition d'arcs électriques ainsi qu'une bonne tenue à un effort égal à trois fois l'effort de manoeuvre, appelé communément 3F et défini par une norme internationale.The known and briefly described breaking devices above have many disadvantages. Because the movable contacts move of pure translation, there is no friction between the movable contacts and the contacts fixed at the time of switching on and off. Therefore, there is no self-cleaning of the contact surfaces. This lack is detrimental to the quality of the electric contact. In particular, the contact resistance increases with the number of maneuvers performed and the number of arcs established between the contacts fixed and mobile. The deterioration in the quality of the electrical contact causes a overheating of the contact surfaces and of the device in general, inducing losses by the Joules effect, as well as a reduction in the service life of both contacts and the device. On the other hand, in conventional devices, the number of parts is relatively large. It is necessary, in particular, to have several conductive parts intermediaries to make the complete circuit from the input terminal to the output terminal. These parts being commonly made of copper, the cost price of the modules cutoff remains relatively high. In addition, the effort applied to mobile contact corresponds to that applied by the cam integral with the control axis itself secured to the operating handle. The fact that each rectilinear mobile contact cooperates with two fixed contacts arranged in the same plane, the force applied to each fixed contact corresponds to half the force transmitted by the cam. This implies to increase the effort on contacts to increase the operating effort on the handle, which is the opposite of the objective sought during the engagement. Moreover. in conventional switchgear, the speed and distance of movement of movable contacts as a function of time are identical to the engagement and to the triggering, which is detrimental to an optimization of physical conditions in both stable positions. Indeed, when switching on, we are looking for a the lowest possible operating effort as well as the fastest switching speed fast possible. However, when triggered, we look for a sudden cut to avoid as much as possible the appearance of electric arcs as well as good resistance to effort equal to three times the operating effort, commonly called 3F and defined by an international standard.
Certaines publications décrivent des appareils de coupure électriques agencés pour créer une friction entre les contacts fixes et mobiles au moment de l'enclenchement. C'est le cas, notamment, dans les publications EP-A-252 285, EP-A-105 817 et CH-A-352 024. Néanmoins, aucun ne prévoit une disposition particulière des contacts permettant d'augmenter l'effort de contact entre eux, ni des trajectoires différentes des contacts mobiles pour l'enclenchement et pour le déclenchement afin d'optimiser les conditions de fonctionnement.Certain publications describe electrical cut-off devices arranged for create friction between the fixed and movable contacts at the time of engagement. This is the case, in particular, in the publications EP-A-252,285, EP-A-105,817 and CH-A-352 024. However, none of them makes any specific provision for contacts. allowing to increase the contact effort between them, nor different trajectories of movable contacts for switching on and off in order to optimize the Working conditions.
Dans la publication EP-A-252 285, il s'agit d'un disjoncteur limité à des faibles courants (inférieurs à 32A) pour des applications domestiques et pourvu d'un seul module de coupure et non d'un interrupteur industriel pourvus de plusieurs modules de coupure. De plus, les surfaces de contact prévues sur le contact fixe et le contact mobile sont coplanaires. C'est le mécanisme de transmission de mouvement entre le levier du disjoncteur et le contact mobile qui génère un mouvement de friction entre les deux contacts.In publication EP-A-252,285, it is a circuit breaker limited to low currents (less than 32A) for domestic applications and provided with only one cut-off module and not an industrial switch provided with several modules cutoff. In addition, the contact surfaces provided on the fixed contact and the contact mobile are coplanar. It is the movement transmission mechanism between the circuit breaker lever and the movable contact which generates a friction movement between the two contacts.
Dans la publication EP-A-105 817, il s'agit d'un interrupteur multi-étages limité à des courants de 25 à 32A et dont le mécanisme à came est uniquement destiné à assurer un auto-nettoyage des contacts au moyen d'une came auxiliaire qui commande un chariot déplaçant les contacts mobiles par friction sur les contacts fixes. Les surfaces de contact prévues sur ces contacts fixes et mobiles sont également coplanaires.In publication EP-A-105 817, it is a multi-stage switch limited to currents from 25 to 32A and whose cam mechanism is only intended to ensure self-cleaning of the contacts by means of an auxiliary cam which controls a carriage moving the movable contacts by friction on the fixed contacts. The surfaces of contact provided on these fixed and mobile contacts are also coplanar.
Dans la publication CH-A-352 024, il s'agit d'un interrupteur à deux contacts mobiles, dont les surfaces de contact sont également coplanaires, commandés par une came centrale rotative. Le mouvement d'approche des contacts mobiles se fait suivant un angle de 20 à 30° qui induit, au moment du contact, une pression et une friction autonettoyante sur les contacts.In publication CH-A-352 024, it is a switch with two movable contacts, whose contact surfaces are also coplanar, controlled by a cam rotary central. The approach movement of the mobile contacts is done according to a angle of 20 to 30 ° which induces, at the time of contact, a pressure and a self-cleaning friction on the contacts.
Le but de la présente invention est de pallier à ces inconvénients en proposant un appareil de coupure présentant une nouvelle géométrie de contacts fixes et mobiles favorisant l'auto-nettoyage des surfaces de contact mais surtout augmentant l'effort de contact pour un même effort appliqué par la came. De plus, l'appareil de coupure proposé comporte une came nouvellement agencée permettant de répondre aux différentes caractéristiques exigées à l'enclenchement et au déclenchement de manière à optimiser au maximum les conditions de fonctionnement.The object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a breaking device with a new geometry of fixed and mobile contacts promoting self-cleaning of the contact surfaces but above all increasing the effort contact for the same force applied by the cam. In addition, the switching device proposed has a newly arranged cam to respond to different characteristics required for switching on and off so to optimize the operating conditions as much as possible.
Ce but est atteint pour un appareil de coupure tel que défini en préambule et caractérisé en ce que chaque contact mobile comporte deux surfaces de contact disposées dans des plans sensiblement perpendiculaires, en ce que les contacts fixes d'une même paire sont disposés dans des plans sensiblement perpendiculaires de manière à ce que leur surface de contact respective soit placée en regard de la surface de contact correspondante prévue sur ledit contact mobile quand il est en position enclenchée et en ce que chaque contact mobile se déplace en translation radiale par rapport à l'axe de commande selon une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à une droite passant par ses deux surfaces de contact.This object is achieved for a switching device as defined in the preamble and characterized in that each movable contact has two contact surfaces arranged in substantially perpendicular planes, in that the fixed contacts of the same pair are arranged in substantially perpendicular planes of so that their respective contact surface is placed opposite the surface corresponding contact provided on said movable contact when it is in position engaged and in that each movable contact moves in radial translation by relative to the control axis in a direction substantially perpendicular to a straight passing through its two contact surfaces.
Dans une forme de réalisation préférée, chaque contact mobile comporte deux branches d'extrémité disposées de part et d'autre d'une branche médiane et formant un angle approximativement de 45° par rapport à ladite branche médiane, les surfaces de contact étant prévues sur les deux branches d'extrémité.In a preferred embodiment, each movable contact has two end branches arranged on either side of a middle branch and forming a angle of approximately 45 ° with respect to said middle branch, the surfaces of contact being provided on the two end branches.
L'équipage mobile est, avantageusement, constitué d'un cadre sensiblement rectangulaire s'étendant transversalement à travers lesdits modules du coupure et disposé dans un plan incliné sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de commande.The movable assembly advantageously consists of a substantially rectangular extending transversely across said modules of the cutoff and arranged in an inclined plane substantially parallel to the control axis.
Le cadre peut comporter au moins deux parois parallèles, orientées radialement par rapport à l'axe de commande et agencées pour coulisser le long de deux parois correspondantes ménagées dans le boítier dudit appareil pour guider ledit cadre en translation.The frame may have at least two parallel walls, oriented radially by relative to the control axis and arranged to slide along two walls corresponding formed in the housing of said apparatus for guiding said frame in translation.
Dans la forme de réalisation préférée, le cadre comporte, pour chaque contact mobile correspondant, une fenêtre orientée sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'axe de commande et un ressort de rappel logé dans cette fenêtre pour solliciter ledit contact mobile en direction des contacts fixes.In the preferred embodiment, the frame comprises, for each movable contact corresponding, a window oriented substantially perpendicular to the axis of control and a return spring housed in this window to request said contact movable towards the fixed contacts.
Le cadre comporte, également, au moins une encoche destinée à recevoir ladite came, une paroi au moins de cette encoche comportant un doigt d'entraínement sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de commande et engagé dans au moins une piste prévue dans ladite came.The frame also includes at least one notch intended to receive said cam, at least one wall of this notch comprising a substantially training finger parallel to the control axis and engaged in at least one track provided in said cam.
De manière préférentielle, la came comporte, pour chaque équipage mobile, une gorge non circulaire, délimitée par une paroi interne proche de l'axe de commande et une paroi externe éloignée de l'axe de commande, ces parois étant agencées pour guider ledit doigt d'entraínement, respectivement à l'enclenchement et au déclenchement.Preferably, the cam comprises, for each movable assembly, a groove non-circular, delimited by an internal wall close to the control axis and a outer wall remote from the control axis, these walls being arranged to guide said drive finger, respectively on switching on and off.
Le fond de la gorge comporte, avantageusement, des reliefs différents agencés pour définir, respectivement avec les parois interne et externe, deux pistes distinctes soit une piste aller pour l'enclenchement et une piste retour pour le déclenchement.The bottom of the groove advantageously has different reliefs arranged to define, respectively with the internal and external walls, two distinct tracks either a forward track for triggering and a return track for triggering.
Dans la forme de réalisation préférée, la piste aller comporte une première partie sensiblement rectiligne et une seconde partie circulaire de faible rayon excentrée par rapport à l'axe de commande et la piste retour comporte une première partie circulaire de rayon constant centré sur l'axe de commande et une seconde partie circulaire dont le rayon est inférieur audit rayon constant.In the preferred embodiment, the forward track has a first part substantially straight and a second circular part of small radius eccentric by relative to the control axis and the return track has a first circular part of constant radius centered on the control axis and a second circular part of which the radius is less than said constant radius.
D'une manière avantageuse, la seconde partie de la piste aller communique avec la première partie de la piste retour par un épaulement.Advantageously, the second part of the outward track communicates with the first part of the track back by a shoulder.
Cette came comporte, avantageusement, un fût central solidaire en rotation de l'axe de commande et coulissant sur ce dernier et l'encoche prévue dans le cadre de l'équipage mobile présente une largeur supérieure à celle de la came lui autorisant un débattement axial correspondant aux écarts de relief du fond de la gorge.This cam advantageously comprises a central barrel integral in rotation with the axis of control and sliding on the latter and the notch provided as part of the crew mobile has a width greater than that of the cam allowing it to axial travel corresponding to the differences in relief of the bottom of the groove.
Dans la réalisation préférée, le fût présente à au moins une de ses extrémités libres un profil de came coopérant avec au moins un ergot prévu au moins dans le boítier dudit appareil et orienté radialement par rapport à l'axe de commande et l'axe de commande porte un ressort de rappel agencé pour maintenir le profil de came en appui sur ledit ergot.In the preferred embodiment, the barrel has at least one of its free ends a cam profile cooperating with at least one lug provided at least in the housing of said cam device and oriented radially with respect to the control axis and the control axis carries a return spring arranged to maintain the cam profile in abutment on said lug.
Dans une variante de réalisation, la gorge peut se prolonger, dans une direction opposée à celle des pistes aller et retour, par une piste test, encadrée par les parois interne et externe, cette piste étant circulaire, proche de l'axe de commande, de rayon constant centré sur cet axe.In an alternative embodiment, the groove can extend in one direction opposite to that of the outward and return tracks, by a test track, framed by the walls internal and external, this track being circular, close to the control axis, of radius constant centered on this axis.
Dans cette variante, la came comporte sur sa face arrière une rainure circulaire proche
de l'axe de commande et centrée sur cet axe et le cadre de l'équipage mobile comporte
un patin de guidage 46 disposé en regard du doigt d'entraínement 45 et agencé pour
se loger dans ladite rainure quand l'appareil est en position test.In this variant, the cam has on its rear face a close circular groove
of the control axis and centered on this axis and the frame of the mobile assembly comprises
a
La présente invention et ses avantages seront mieux compris dans la description suivante d'une forme de réalisation donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif et en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :
- la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d'un appareil de coupure selon l'invention, le capot étant retiré, l'appareil étant en position déclenchée,
- la figure 2 est une vue partielle en plan, les éléments principaux étant représentés en transparence, l'appareil étant en position déclenchée,
- la figure 3 est une vue partielle en perspective de l'appareil en position déclenchée,
- la figure 4 est une vue partielle en plan, les éléments principaux étant représentés en transparence, l'appareil étant en position enclenchée,
- la figure 5 est une vue partielle en perspective de l'appareil en position enclenchée,
- la figure 6 est une vue partielle en plan, les éléments principaux étant représentés en transparence, l'appareil étant en position test,
- la figure 7 est une vue partielle en perspective de l'appareil en position test,
- la figure 8 est une vue partielle en perspective montrant l'arrière de la came, et
- la figure 9 est une vue partielle en perspective montrant un détail de boítier.
- FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a cut-off device according to the invention, the cover being removed, the device being in the tripped position,
- FIG. 2 is a partial plan view, the main elements being shown in transparency, the apparatus being in the released position,
- FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of the device in the triggered position,
- FIG. 4 is a partial plan view, the main elements being shown in transparency, the apparatus being in the engaged position,
- FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view of the device in the engaged position,
- FIG. 6 is a partial plan view, the main elements being shown in transparency, the apparatus being in the test position,
- FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view of the apparatus in the test position,
- FIG. 8 is a partial perspective view showing the rear of the cam, and
- Figure 9 is a partial perspective view showing a detail of the housing.
En référence à la figure 1, l'appareil de coupure 1 selon l'invention comporte, dans
l'exemple représenté, un module de commande 2 et trois modules de coupure 3. Cet
appareil est destiné à une installation électrique triphasée c'est-à-dire pourvue de trois
conducteurs de phase, mais pourrait être adapté à toute autre installation. Les
modules de coupure 3 sont soit constitués de boítiers indépendants, juxtaposés et
assemblés par tout moyen connu, soit regroupés dans un boítier unique 4. Chaque
module de coupure 3 est associé à un conducteur de ladite installation et comporte de
manière connue une borne d'entrée 30 reliée à un contact fixe 31, une borne de sortie
32 reliée à un contact fixe 33, deux autres contacts fixes 31', 33' (non représentés sur
cette figure) solidaires du capot de l'appareil, reliés entre eux par un pont conducteur
34 (non représenté sur cette figure) ou un fusible et formant avec les autres contacts
fixes 31, 33 deux paires de contacts fixes, ainsi que deux contacts mobiles 35, 36
associés chacun à une paire de contacts fixes 31, 31' et 33, 33' et ayant deux positions
stables, une position enclenchée et une position déclenchée. Les contacts fixes 31, 31',
33, 33' comportent chacun une surface de contact constituée d'une pastille de contact
37 et les contacts mobiles 35, 36 comportent chacun deux surfaces de contact
constituées de pastilles de contact 38 agencées pour être en appui contre les pastilles
de contact 37 quand l'appareil de coupure 1 est en position enclenchée. Les contacts
mobiles 35, 36 sont montés respectivement dans deux équipages mobiles 40
identiques, disposés symétriquement par rapport à l'axe A dudit appareil de coupure 1
et mobiles en translation selon deux directions opposées et sensiblement
perpendiculaires audit axe A.Referring to Figure 1, the
Le module de commande 2 comporte de manière connue un boítier 20, un axe de
transmission 21 relié à une poignée de manoeuvre (non représentée) accessible à
l'extérieur dudit boítier et couplé par des pignons dentés 22, constituant un renvoi
d'angle, à un axe de commande 23 des contacts mobiles 35, 36, disposé dans l'axe A
et traversant les modules de coupure 3. Néanmoins, la poignée de manoeuvre peut
être couplée directement à l'une des extrémités de l'axe de commande 23 selon la
configuration que l'on souhaite donner audit appareil de coupure. Ce montage est
possible car, comme on le verra plus loin, le jeu de fonctionnement se situe au niveau
du mécanisme de commande des modules de coupure et non plus au niveau du
module de commande. The
L'axe de commande 23 est solidaire de chaque contact mobile 35, 36 pour les
commander simultanément de manière synchrone et brusque. Ce module de
commande 2 comporte également un dispositif à action brusque 24 par accumulation
d'énergie, relié audit axe de commande 23 et agencé pour provoquer un
enclenchement et un déclenchement rapides des contacts mobiles par rapport aux
contacts fixes. Ce dispositif à action brusque 24 permet de manière connue d'éviter la
stagnation d'arcs électriques au déclenchement, l'amorçage précoce d'arcs à
l'enclenchement et comporte un ressort monté de telle manière que toutes les
positions intermédiaires entre les positions enclenchée et déclenchée de l'appareil de
coupure soient instables.The
L'axe de commande 23 porte deux cames 50 identiques montées chacune sur un fût
51 pouvant coulisser axialement par rapport audit axe 23. Ces cames 50 sont
poussées en direction du module de commande 2 par l'intermédiaire d'un ressort de
rappel 52 disposé sur l'axe de commande 23 entre une paroi latérale du boítier 4 et le
fût 51 le plus proche. Chaque came 50 est agencée pour coopérer avec les deux
équipages mobiles 40 de manière à déplacer de manière synchrone les contacts
mobiles 35, 36 de leur position déclenchée à leur position enclenchée et inversement.The
Les figures 2 à 7 illustrent partiellement l'appareil de coupure 1 en montrant les pièces
principales qui constituent la présente invention, dans différentes positions. Dans les
figures 2, 4 et 6, les pièces sont représentées en transparence, vues de l'extrémité de
l'axe de commande 23. Dans les figures 3, 5 et 7, ces pièces sont représentées en
perspective. Les pièces composant ledit appareil de coupure 1 sont presque toutes
symétriques par rapport à l'axe A.Figures 2 to 7 partially illustrate the
Les bornes d'entrée 30 et de sortie 32 sont reliées respectivement aux contacts fixes
31 et 33. Ces contacts fixes 31, 33 sont constitués chacun d'une barre conductrice
pliée à angle droit, une des branches étant logée dans la borne correspondante et
l'autre branche portant une pastille de contact 37 par exemple rivetée. Les deux autres
contacts fixes 31', 33' sont constitués d'une barre conductrice pliée deux fois à angle
droit pour former une marche d'escalier, une des branches étant logée dans le capot de
l'appareil et l'autre branche portant une pastille de contact 37. Les contacts fixes
forment deux à deux des paires de contacts fixes 31, 31' et 33, 33' dont les pastilles de
contact 37 sont disposées dans des plans perpendiculaires. Les contacts fixes 31', 33'
sont reliés entre eux soit au moyen d'un pont formant un interrupteur simple, soit au
moyen d'une cartouche fusible formant un interrupteur-fusible.The
Les contacts mobiles 35, 36 sont constitués d'une barre conductrice comportant deux
branches d'extrémité disposées de part et d'autre d'une branche médiane et formant
avec elle un angle sensiblement de 45 °. Chaque branche d'extrémité porte une pastille
de contact 38 par exemple rivetée. Les pastilles de contact 38 d'un même contact
mobile sont disposées dans des plans perpendiculaires et sont destinées à être en
contact avec les pastilles de contact 37 de la paire de contacts fixes correspondante,
en position enclenchée. Les contacts mobiles 35, 36 sont montés respectivement dans
les équipages mobiles 40 agencés pour les déplacer simultanément, de manière
synchrone, en translation dans une direction F perpendiculaire à une droite passant par
les deux pastilles de contact 38.The
La forme coudée ou éventuellement arrondie des contacts mobiles 35, 36 ainsi que
l'accostage à 45° des contacts mobiles par rapport aux contacts fixes permettent
d'assurer à chaque enclenchement et déclenchement un auto-nettoyage des pastilles de
contact 37, 38. En effet, les pastilles de contact 38 se positionnent sur les pastilles de
contact 37 ou s'écartent d'elles suivant le mouvement de translation F qui se
décompose en une composante horizontale F1 et une composante verticale F2,
chaque composante générant une friction entre les pastilles 37, 38. Par ailleurs, l'effort
de manoeuvre G transmis aux contacts mobiles 35, 36 se répercute sur les contacts
fixes 31, 33 selon la composante horizontale G1 et sur les contacts fixes 31', 33' selon
la composante verticale G2. L'angle dudit effort de manoeuvre G étant de 45°,
puisqu'il est parallèle à la direction F, les composantes G1 et G2 ont une valeur égale
à G/√2, c'est-à-dire supérieure à G/2 comme dans l'état de la technique. Donc pour un
même effort de manoeuvre, l'effort de contact est augmenté de 40%. Il en résulte une
amélioration des caractéristiques électriques : le pouvoir de coupure et la tenue au
court-circuit sont sensiblement améliorés. D'autre part, la construction particulière des
contacts fixes et des contacts mobiles permet de diviser par deux la longueur totale de
cuivre nécessaire, ce qui entraíne une réduction du prix de revient de l'ensemble de
l'appareil de coupure 1.The angled or possibly rounded shape of the
Les équipages mobiles 40 sont constitués chacun d'un cadre 41 sensiblement
rectangulaire s'étendant dans les trois modules de coupure et disposé dans un plan
incliné passant par l'axe de commande 23. Ce cadre 41 comporte trois fenêtres 42
rectangulaires, orientées radialement par rapport à l'axe de commande 23 et destinées
à recevoir les contacts mobiles 35, 36 desdits modules. La largeur des fenêtres 42 est
légèrement supérieure à celle des contacts mobiles 35, 36 de manière à ménager ledit
jeu de fonctionnement mentionné précédemment. De ce fait, le cadre 41 est
légèrement flottant par rapport au reste du mécanisme. Un ressort de rappel 43 est
prévu dans chaque fenêtre 42 pour maintenir lesdits contacts mobiles 35, 36, dans leur
branche médiane plane, en appui contre ledit cadre 41 vers l'extérieur, c'est-à-dire
éloignés par rapport à l'axe de commande 23, en direction des contacts fixes. Ces
ressorts 43 sont centrés par rapport à leur fenêtre 42 au moyen d'un plot (non visible)
prévu sur le cadre 41. Ce cadre 41 comporte également deux logements 44 également
rectangulaires, destinés à recevoir les deux cames 50. Sur les parois en regard de
chaque logement 44 sont prévus respectivement un doigt d'entraínement 45 orienté
parallèlement à l'axe A et un patin de guidage 46, chacun coopérant avec les faces
opposées de la came 50 correspondante. La largeur des logements 44 est environ
égale à deux fois celle des cames 50 leur autorisant ainsi un débattement axial D qui
sera détaillé plus loin. Ce cadre 41 est prolongé vers l'extérieur par au moins deux
parois transversales 47 agencées pour coulisser contre des parois transversales
correspondantes 48 prévues dans le boítier 4 des modules de coupure 3 de manière à
guider ledit équipage mobile 40 dans son mouvement de translation. Chaque équipage
mobile 40 est ainsi entraíné par ses deux doigts 45 guidés dans les deux cames 50 de
manière à garantir son déplacement en translation radiale parallèlement à l'axe A.The moving
Chaque came 50 comporte un fût 51 monté coulissant sur l'axe de commande 23
correspondant au débattement axial D mentionné ci-dessus. L'extrémité libre de ce fût
51 présente un profil de came 53 gauche coopérant avec deux ergots 54 en regard
prévus respectivement sur le boítier 4 (cf. Fig. 9) et le capot (non représenté) dudit
appareil 1, du côté du module de commande 2. Ce profil de came 53 permet d'une
part l'accouplement mécanique de deux fûts 51 consécutifs quand deux cames 50 sont
montées sur l'axe de commande 23 et d'autre part le débattement axial D desdites
cames, dont la fonction sera précisée plus loin. Le ressort de rappel 52 (cf. Fig. 1)
maintient ce profil de came 53 en appui sur les ergots 54. Les cames 50 sont agencées
pour déplacer simultanément, en synchronisme et en translation selon F les deux
équipages mobiles 40 et comportent, à cet effet, du côté des doigts d'entraínement 45
deux gorges 55 non circulaires, c'est-à-dire dont la distance jusqu'à l'axe A varie en
fonction de l'angle de rotation, ces deux gorges étant identiques et décalées
angulairement de 120°. Le détail qui suit porte sur une seule gorge 55 coopérant avec
le doigt d'entraínement 45 d'un seul équipage mobile 40 associé à un seul jeu de
contacts mobiles 36.Each
Cette gorge 55 est définie latéralement par une paroi interne 55a proche de l'axe A et
une paroi externe 55b éloignée de l'axe A, ces parois ayant pour fonction le guidage
du doigt d'entraínement 45. Le fond de la gorge 55 comporte des reliefs différents
définissant, respectivement avec les parois interne 55a et externe 55b, deux pistes 56,
57 distinctes, ayant également pour fonction le guidage du doigt d'entraínement 45 :
une piste aller 56 pour guider le doigt 45 de la position déclenchée à la position
enclenchée et une piste retour 57 pour guider le doigt 45 de la position enclenchée à
la position déclenchée.This
Le fonctionnement de la came 50 associé au doigt d'entraínement 45 est détaillé en
référence aux figures 2 et 3 représentant la position déclenchée et aux figures 4 et 5
représentant la position enclenchée.The operation of the
Lors de l'enclenchement, c'est-à-dire pour passer de la position déclenchée (cf. Fig. 2
et 3) à la position enclenchée (cf. Fig. 4 et 5), on cherche à obtenir un effort de
manoeuvre le plus faible possible et à assurer un bon contact électrique entre les
contacts mobiles et les contacts fixes. La piste aller 56 comporte, de ce fait, deux
parties (voir pour plus de clarté la figure 4 dans laquelle les parties sont hachurées) :
une première partie sensiblement rectiligne 56a et une seconde partie circulaire 56b de
faible rayon. Dans la première partie 56a de la piste aller 56, la course effectuée par la
poignée de manoeuvre de l'appareil de coupure 1 génère un déplacement
proportionnel de l'équipage mobile 40 et donc des contacts mobiles 36. Dans la
seconde partie 56b et à partir du point d'équilibre entre les parties 56a et 56b, la
course effectuée par la poignée de manoeuvre entraíne un déplacement et un
rapprochement rapides de l'équipage mobile 40 ayant pour effet un positionnement
très rapide et un serrage des contacts mobiles 36 sur les contacts fixes correspondants
33, 33'. La piste aller 56 présente une profondeur variable allant en augmentant dans
le sens de rotation puis un changement brusque de niveau provoqué par un
épaulement 56c. Ainsi, en fin de rotation, la came 50 se déplace axialement d'une
valeur égale à la différence de profondeur, en détendant le ressort de rappel 52. Ce
déplacement axial de la came 50 a l'avantage de positionner le doigt d'entraínement 45
de suite dans la piste retour 57.When switching on, i.e. to switch from the triggered position (see Fig. 2
and 3) in the engaged position (cf. Fig. 4 and 5), an effort is made to obtain
operation as low as possible and to ensure good electrical contact between the
mobile contacts and fixed contacts. The
Lors du déclenchement, c'est-à-dire pour passer de la position enclenchée (cf. Fig. 4
et 5) à la position déclenchée (cf. Fig. 2 et 3), on cherche à réaliser une séparation la
plus brusque possible entre les contacts mobiles et les contacts fixes. La piste retour
57 comporte, de ce fait, deux parties (voir pour plus de clarté la figure 4 dans laquelle
les parties sont hachurées) : une première partie circulaire 57a de rayon constant
centré sur l'axe A et une seconde partie circulaire 57b dont le rayon est nettement
inférieur audit rayon constant. Dans la première partie 57a de la piste retour 57, la
course effectuée par la poignée de manoeuvre de l'appareil de coupure 1 reste sans
effet sur le déplacement de l'équipage mobile 40 et donc sur celui des contacts mobiles
36. Néanmoins, l'énergie est emmagasinée dans le dispositif à action brusque 24. Dans
la seconde partie 57b et à partir du point d'équilibre entre les deux parties 57a et 57b,
la course effectuée par la poignée de manoeuvre entraíne, en combinaison avec le
dispositif à action brusque 24, un déplacement et un éloignement rapides de l'équipage
mobile 40 et donc des contacts mobiles 36 ayant pour effet une coupure brusque. La
piste retour 57 présente une profondeur variable allant en diminuant dans le sens de
rotation. Ainsi, pendant cette rotation, la came 50 se déplace axialement d'une valeur
égale à la différence de profondeur, en comprimant le ressort de rappel 52. Ce
déplacement axial de la came 50 a l'avantage de positionner le doigt d'entraínement 45
de suite au point de départ, dans la piste aller 56.When tripping, that is to say to pass from the engaged position (cf. Fig. 4
and 5) in the triggered position (cf. Fig. 2 and 3), it is sought to separate the
as abrupt as possible between the moving contacts and the fixed contacts. The
Les pistes aller 56 et retour 57 ont des reliefs différents de manière à assurer un
guidage sûr du doigt d'entraínement 45 dans la bonne piste pour qu'il soit guidé, lors
de l'enclenchement, par la paroi interne 55a de la gorge et, lors du déclenchement, par
la paroi externe 55b. Par ailleurs, pour éviter des efforts trop importants sur les doigts
d'entraínement 45 des équipages mobiles 40, le déplacement axial des cames 50 induit
par le relief des pistes aller et retour, est aidé par le profil de came 53 adapté prévu
sur le fût 51. Ce profil de came 53 s'appuie sur les ergots 54 solidaires du boítier 4 et
du capot de l'appareil 1 et aide les cames 50, en association avec le ressort 52, à se
déplacer axialement pendant leur rotation. The outward and return
Les pistes aller 56 et retour 57 peuvent présenter d'autres courbures et reliefs de
manière à optimiser les conditions d'enclenchement et de déclenchement pour chaque
appareil de coupure 1.The outward and return
Cet appareil de coupure 1 comporte également une position test illustrée par les
figures 6 à 8. Cette position test permet d'actionner des contacts auxiliaires disposés
par exemple sur le module de commande 2 pour tester leurs circuits de contrôle
permettant de vérifier l'état enclenché ou déclenché de l'appareil de coupure. Cette
position test est obtenue en tournant la poignée dudit appareil d'un angle de 60 à 90°
dans le sens inverse à celui de l'enclenchement. Au moment de cette rotation, les
équipages mobiles 40 ne doivent pas se déplacer, l'appareil de coupure 1 devant rester
en position déclenchée. Chaque gorge 55 se prolonge par une piste test 58, encadrée
par les parois interne 55a et externe 55b, cette piste étant circulaire, proche de l'axe de
commande 23, de rayon constant et de centre l'axe A et se terminant par une
empreinte 59 correspondant à l'extrémité du doigt d'entraínement 45 en position test.
Sur la face arrière de la came 50 est prévue une rainure circulaire 60 proche de l'axe
de commande 23 et centrée sur l'axe A. Cette rainure circulaire 60 est destinée à
recevoir le patin de guidage 46 prévue sur les équipages mobiles 40 en regard du
doigt d'entraínement 45. Elle permet d'assurer le guidage des équipages mobiles 40
par rapport aux cames 50 de manière à ce que, quand la phase test est terminée, le
doigt d'entraínement 45 se repositionne dans la bonne piste, à savoir la piste aller 46.This
Sur la figure 8, on remarque que la came 50 comporte une zone périphérique de
moindre épaisseur 61 dont la fonction est double. Elle permet tout d'abord le montage
de la came 50 dans le cadre 41 de l'équipage mobile 40, entre le doigt d'entraínement
45 et le patin de guidage 46. Elle permet ensuite un verrouillage automatique du capot
(non représenté) de l'appareil de coupure 1 quand ce dernier est en position
enclenchée, par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif complémentaire prévu sur ledit capot.In FIG. 8, it can be seen that the
De la description suivante, on remarque que l'invention permet d'atteindre tous les buts mentionnés. En conclusion, elle permet de baisser sensiblement le coût de fabrication des modules de coupure et donc de l'appareil de coupure tout en améliorant ses performances techniques. De plus, mis à part les pièces conductrices qui sont réalisées par exemple en cuivre, la quasi totalité des pièces du mécanisme d'entraínement des contacts mobiles peut être réalisée par moulage dans un matériau techniquement adapté, tel qu'en thermoplastique ou thermodur.From the following description, it will be noted that the invention makes it possible to reach all of the goals mentioned. In conclusion, it allows the cost of manufacture of the cut-off modules and therefore of the cut-off device while improving its technical performance. In addition, apart from the conductive parts which are made for example of copper, almost all parts of the mechanism for moving contacts can be made by molding in a material technically suitable, such as in thermoplastic or thermoset.
La présente invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple de réalisation décrit mais s'étend à toute modification et variante évidente pour un homme du métier. Bien entendu, le nombre de modules de coupure dépend du nombre de phases de l'installation avec la présence ou non d'un neutre. De ce fait, le nombre des contacts fixes, des contacts mobiles, des cames, des fenêtres et des encoches prévues dans le cadre des équipements mobiles est adapté en conséquence. De même, la forme des différentes pièces composant ledit mécanisme de commande des contacts mobiles peut varier tout en restant dans le champ de protection défini dans les revendications. Notamment, la géométrie des pistes aller, retour et test illustrée et décrite n'est donnée qu'à titre d'exemple.The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described but extends to any modification and variant obvious to a person skilled in the art. Of course, the number of cut-off modules depends on the number of phases of the installation with the presence or absence of a neutral. As a result, the number of fixed contacts, contacts mobile, cams, windows and notches provided as part of mobile equipment is adapted accordingly. Likewise, the shape of the different parts making up said movable contact control mechanism can vary all remaining within the protective field defined in the claims. In particular, the Illustrated and described geometry of the outward, return and test tracks is given only for example.
Claims (14)
- Electrical disconnector (1) for a alternating low voltage electrical installation provided with at least two phase conductors with or without neutral conductor, comprising one disconnecting module (3) per conductor and one joint control module (2) provided with a mechanism for operating said disconnecting modules, each disconnecting module comprising at least one input terminal (30) connected to a fixed contact (31), one output terminal (32) connected to a fixed contact (33), another two fixed contacts (31', 33') connected to one another by a bridge or a fuse, forming with the other fixed contacts two pairs of fixed contacts and two moving contacts (35, 36) associated respectively with a pair of fixed contacts, the control module (2) comprising at least one control shaft (23) coupled to an operating handle, this shaft crossing said disconnecting modules (3) and bearing at least one cam (50) coupled to at least one translation moving element (40) coupled to said moving contacts (35, 36) to move them from a first stable position called the engaged position to a second stable position called the released position, characterized in that each moving contact (35, 36) comprises two contact surfaces (38) arranged in substantially perpendicular planes, in that the fixed contacts (31, 31' and 33, 33') of the same pair are arranged in substantially perpendicular planes so that their respective contact surface (37) is placed facing the corresponding contact surface (38) provided on said moving contact (35, 36) when it is in the engaged position and in that each moving contact (35, 36) moves in radial translation in relation to the control shaft (23) in a substantially perpendicular direction (F) to a straight line passing through its two contact surfaces (38).
- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that each moving contact (35, 36) comprises two end arms arranged on either side of a middle arm forming an angle of approximately 45° in relation to said middle arm, the contact surfaces (38) being provided on the two end arms.
- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the moving element (40) is made up of a substantially rectangular frame (41) extending through said disconnecting modules (3) and arranged in an inclined plane parallel to the control shaft (23).
- Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the frame (41) comprises at least two parallel sides (47), oriented radially in relation to the control shaft (23) and arranged to slide along two corresponding sides (48) arranged in the enclosure (4) of said device to guide said frame (41) in translation.
- Device according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the frame (41) comprises for each corresponding moving contact (35, 36) a window (42) oriented substantially perpendicular to the control shaft (23) and a return spring (43) housed in this window (42) to attract said moving contact (35, 36) in the direction of the fixed contacts (31,31' and 33, 33').
- Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the frame (41) comprises at least one notch (44) designed to receive said cam (50), at least one side of this notch comprising a drive finger (45) substantially parallel to the control shaft (23) and engaged in at least one track (56, 57) provided in said cam (50).
- Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the cam (50) comprises, for each moving element (40), a non circular recess (55), delimited by an inner wall (55a) close to the control shaft (23) and an outer wall (55b) at a distance from the control shaft (23), these walls being arranged to guide said drive finger (45), respectively when engaging and releasing
- Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the bottom of the recess (55) comprises various reliefs arranged to define, respectively with the inner walls (55a) and outer walls (55b), two distinct tracks (56, 57), i.e. an out track (56) for engaging purposes and a return track (57) for releasing purposes.
- Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the out track (56) comprises a first part (56a) which is substantially rectilinear and a second circular part (56b) with a small radius out-of-center in relation to the control shaft (23) and the return track (57) comprises a first circular part (57a) with a constant radius centered on the control shaft (23) and a second circular part (57b) the radius of which is smaller than said constant radius.
- Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the second part (56b) of the out track (56) communicates with the first part (57a) of the return track (57) via a shoulder (56c).
- Device according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the cam (50) comprises a central barrel (51) rotating securely fixed to the control shaft (23) and sliding on the latter and in that the width of the notch (44) provided in the frame (41) of the moving element (40) is greater than that of the cam (50) which allows it an axial clearance (D) corresponding to the differences in relief at the bottom of the recess (55).
- Device according to claim 11, characterized in that on at least one of its free ends, the barrel (51) has a cam profile (53) co-operating with at least one lug (54) provided at least in the enclosure (4) of said device and oriented radially in relation to the control shaft (23) and in that the control shaft (23) bears a return spring (52) arranged to keep the cam profile (53) resting on said lug (54).
- Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the recess (55) is extended, in a direction opposite to that of the out track (56) and return track (57), by a test track (58), framed by the inner (55a) and outer walls (55b), this track (58) being circular, close to the control shaft (23), with a constant radius centered on this shaft.
- Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the cam (50) comprises on its rear side a circular groove (60) near the control shaft (23) and centered on this shaft and the frame (41) of the moving element (40) comprises a guide shoe (46) arranged facing the drive finger (45) and arranged to lodge itself in said groove (60) when the device is in the test position.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9806272A FR2778789B1 (en) | 1998-05-14 | 1998-05-14 | ELECTRICAL SWITCHING APPARATUS FOR LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION |
| FR9806272 | 1998-05-14 | ||
| PCT/FR1999/001134 WO1999059177A1 (en) | 1998-05-14 | 1999-05-12 | Circuit breaker for low voltage alternating electric installation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0996959A1 EP0996959A1 (en) | 2000-05-03 |
| EP0996959B1 true EP0996959B1 (en) | 2004-09-22 |
Family
ID=9526475
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99919323A Expired - Lifetime EP0996959B1 (en) | 1998-05-14 | 1999-05-12 | Circuit breaker for low voltage alternating electric installation |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6278619B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0996959B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1118838C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69920370D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2778789B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999059177A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7420142B2 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2008-09-02 | Illinois Tool Works, Inc | Power control module for electrical appliances |
| KR100806357B1 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2008-02-27 | (주)현대정밀 | Cover integrated disconnector |
| DE102011085606B4 (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2020-07-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Rotor housing of an electrical switching device and electrical switching device |
| CN104952663B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2018-01-26 | 西门子公司 | Contact modules with fuses for disconnectors and disconnectors |
| FR3054925B1 (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2020-05-15 | Socomec | CONTROL MODULE FOR MODULAR ELECTRICAL SWITCHING APPARATUS AND OBTAINED MODULAR ELECTRICAL SWITCHING APPARATUS |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2245369A (en) * | 1939-10-19 | 1941-06-10 | Vapor Car Heating Co Inc | Cam switch |
| CH352024A (en) * | 1957-03-29 | 1961-02-15 | Huber & Cie Ag J | Electrical switch with bridge contacts arranged on the press material carrier |
| AT328026B (en) * | 1973-02-23 | 1976-02-25 | Naimer H L | ROTARY SWITCH |
| US3869688A (en) * | 1974-01-24 | 1975-03-04 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Customer adjustment switch assembly |
| USRE31597E (en) * | 1976-06-09 | 1984-06-05 | E.G.O. Regeltechnik Gmbh | Electric power controllers |
| US4103132A (en) * | 1976-10-05 | 1978-07-25 | Unimax Switch Corporation | Rotary switch |
| FR2534421B1 (en) * | 1982-10-06 | 1985-10-18 | Alpes Fses Manufacture | |
| ATE56306T1 (en) * | 1985-10-24 | 1990-09-15 | Square D Deutschland | SWITCHING DEVICE. |
| DK260886A (en) * | 1986-06-03 | 1987-12-04 | Knudsen Nordisk Elect | ELECTRIC SWITCH |
| IT1217319B (en) * | 1987-06-26 | 1990-03-22 | Breter Spa | CAM SWITCH |
| IT1238322B (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1993-07-12 | Bremas Spa | TAPPETS IN PARTICULAR FOR COOPERATION WITH CAMSHAFTS IN ELECTRIC SWITCHES, SWITCHES OR SIMILAR |
| JP2899639B2 (en) * | 1990-10-12 | 1999-06-02 | 神保電器株式会社 | Rotary switch |
| JPH0644864A (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 1994-02-18 | Yamada Denki Seizo Kk | Rotary switch |
| US5191310A (en) * | 1992-07-09 | 1993-03-02 | Eaton Corporation | Adjustable cycling switch for electric range |
| JP3819978B2 (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 2006-09-13 | ミック電子工業株式会社 | Rotary switch |
| JPH11232966A (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 1999-08-27 | Yamada Electric Mfg Co Ltd | Rotary switch |
-
1998
- 1998-05-14 FR FR9806272A patent/FR2778789B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-05-12 CN CN99800715A patent/CN1118838C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-05-12 EP EP99919323A patent/EP0996959B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-12 DE DE69920370T patent/DE69920370D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-12 US US09/462,614 patent/US6278619B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-12 WO PCT/FR1999/001134 patent/WO1999059177A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1269052A (en) | 2000-10-04 |
| CN1118838C (en) | 2003-08-20 |
| US6278619B1 (en) | 2001-08-21 |
| EP0996959A1 (en) | 2000-05-03 |
| FR2778789B1 (en) | 2000-06-30 |
| FR2778789A1 (en) | 1999-11-19 |
| DE69920370D1 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
| WO1999059177A1 (en) | 1999-11-18 |
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