EP0994751B1 - Verfahren zum vermahlen von körnerfrüchten sowie vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens - Google Patents
Verfahren zum vermahlen von körnerfrüchten sowie vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0994751B1 EP0994751B1 EP98939600A EP98939600A EP0994751B1 EP 0994751 B1 EP0994751 B1 EP 0994751B1 EP 98939600 A EP98939600 A EP 98939600A EP 98939600 A EP98939600 A EP 98939600A EP 0994751 B1 EP0994751 B1 EP 0994751B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rollers
- pair
- grains
- roller
- downstream
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
- B02B1/00—Preparing grain for milling or like processes
- B02B1/08—Conditioning grain with respect to temperature or water content
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
- B02B5/00—Grain treatment not otherwise provided for
- B02B5/02—Combined processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C9/00—Other milling methods or mills specially adapted for grain
- B02C9/04—Systems or sequences of operations; Plant
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for grinding cereals and an apparatus to carry out the method (flat grinding method) according to the preamble of claims 1 and 15.
- the state of the art also includes a flat grinding method (Deep milling), in the case of wheat grains the endosperm is separated from the shell. According to this The wheat grains are moved between two rollers of a first pair of rollers flattened. For this are the Rolls formed with a smooth surface. The gap is chosen so that the wheat grains are flattened.
- the flattened wheat grains are without intermediate sieving fed two further pairs of rollers. These pairs of rollers have corrugated rollers, the first pair of rollers about eight ripples per centimeter and the second Pair has about eleven ripples per centimeter.
- rollers of the first corrugated pair of rollers point different speeds of rotation. As well the rollers of the second corrugated pair of rollers have different ones Rotation speeds on.
- the ground products are a plansifter fed.
- Bran parts are sifted out and others Fed for purposes.
- Flour products are either direct a further use or another Roll mill fed with two pairs of rollers, the first Roller pair has corrugated rollers and the second Pair of rollers is equipped with smooth rollers.
- the resulting product is in turn the plan sifter fed, and the sieved here, that is falling parts are also of further use fed.
- the transitions are again the last Roll mill fed.
- the technical problem underlying the invention consists of a method and a device for grinding of cereals, where the cereals be shredded faster, and the first time Grinding proportionally more flour is obtained, and at where the total flour yield is more than 75%.
- the flour yield is after the first Milling cycle significantly larger than that of the prior art associated procedures. It is quite possible after the The first grind already contains 30 to 40% flour to obtain. The yield of light flour is also essential higher than that of the prior art Method.
- the flour body (endosperm) must be one Grain separated from the bran (husks and germs) become.
- the cereal grains are wetted with water for this, so that the shells soften and then peeled off can be.
- This method is not only used for cereal grains, but also applied to other cereals where the shell is to be separated from the core.
- cereals for example legumes, rice, corn, beans, also coffee beans, Cocoa beans and the like.
- the cereals are made with water wetted so that the shells absorb the liquid and get a rubbery consistency.
- the wetting takes place according to the invention such that the shells have a greater moisture content have than the endosperm. This ensures that the shear forces only act in the endosperm.
- the rubbery shell is not or by the shear forces hardly attacked.
- the internal structure of the endosperm will opened up differently.
- shell and endosperm have a certain Basic moisture content, for example 13%.
- the moisture in the shell is caused by wetting with liquid, for example, increased to 16%.
- the method according to the invention basically works even if the endosperm also absorbs liquid.
- the main thing is that the shell has greater moisture has than the endosperm.
- the cereals in a wetting device are advantageous wetted with the liquid.
- the grains are preferably mixed with liquid for this purpose and passed through a tube which is vibrating is transferred.
- the cereal-liquid mixture is subjected to strong acceleration forces in the tube.
- Such wetting is known from DE-PS 41 27 290 C2.
- the grains for prepared the following grinding process By wetting the cereals with the liquid In the jogger, the grains for prepared the following grinding process. By an optimal selected standby time ensures that the shell of the Grains are flexible while the endosperm is dry or stays nearly dry.
- This so-called "glass transition" has the important function that the shell has a maximum Has flexibility while the endosperm is dry remains.
- the glass transition can be determined and the conditions for the wetting and the waiting time on the ground Product to be customized.
- the grains become a first after wetting Roll pair supplied, in which a roller preferably is smooth or approximately smooth, and in which the second roller preferably has a fine corrugation.
- This fine corrugation is preferably very fine corrugation, for example with fourteen ripples per centimeter or more trained.
- the corrugation is according to the invention chosen with a twist of plus / minus two to four degrees.
- both rollers run with it same or approximately the same speed of rotation. It is conceivable, the rollers in a ratio of 1: 1.05 or larger to let go.
- the shear forces act on the endosperm in that the moistened grain on the smooth roller with the rubbery bowl slipping past while the grain from the roller with the corrugation, as is known per se, is transported. This means that the grain from the smooth roller is hardly moved forward while the grain from the roller with the corrugation at the same time Smooth roller on the opposite side transported is so that in the grain and especially in the endosperm Shear forces occur.
- the first roller is followed by one or more pairs of rollers, in which each roller has a corrugation has, preferably with nine to twelve corrugations per Centimeter.
- the corrugations preferably have a rounded corrugated surface. Between the ripples the so-called "Riffelground” is also rounded.
- the corrugated surfaces and the corrugated bases preferably have about the same fillet.
- the second or one of the following pairs of rollers is a pair of rollers in a further embodiment of the invention subordinate, which referred to as a "leveling roller pair" becomes.
- the rollers of this pair of rollers have one smooth or nearly smooth surface.
- This pair of rollers has the task of parts of bran, which is a domed Show form and to which endosperm still adheres, in one to bring flat shape. This in turn affects the effect that the shell is rubbery from the previous wetting while the endosperm is dry and hard. The Endosperm is at least cracked between the rollers or even partially detached from the shell.
- the material to be ground is fed to a plansifter, where the first flour is already sifted and the remaining transition to the next pair of rollers or next roller pairs is fed.
- bran particles After equalization of the bran particles, they become fed to one or more further pairs of rollers. Subsequently, a sighting can take place again, whereby Coarse bran or fine bran is sieved.
- the bran can a bran spinner to be still attached Separate endosperm particles.
- the bran is then used again.
- the cereals in the invention Device were ground, is obtained after screening different types of flour, for example light flour, medium-dark flour or dark flour.
- the device according to the invention also contains atta flour or whole wheat flour. Atta flour means that a 90- to 94% yield of the total grain is achieved.
- Whole wheat flour contains 100% or almost 100% of the total Cereal grain.
- 3 to 5% of the accruing Products removed as mist or semolina during the grinding process become. These can be, for example, a semolina cleaning machine or the like.
- the method has the advantage that it manages with a very small number of roller mills and at the same time a very high proportion of flour, i.e. the highest possible Yields can be achieved.
- the yields depend on the correct addition of water when wetting and the optimal one Waiting time. It is possible with very few roller mills, that is with a simplified mill and one short diagram to achieve optimal yields.
- Advantage of the invention is that the grinding technique, at the pressure and shear forces act on the grain, a perfect other breakdown of the grain causes.
- the endosperm structure in particular is demonstrably different than in the processes belonging to the prior art, destroyed.
- the flours according to the invention Processes were grinded to much better processing criteria on, such as increasing water intake. This means that a higher dough yield for the processor of the flour is obtained.
- the increase in water intake is controlled by certain measures, for example by adding water during wetting and the change in the waiting time as well as the change in the Roller guide, the roller corrugation, the twist and the speed of rotation.
- the dough properties change.
- the dough gains more flexibility when using flour which is obtained by the method according to the invention becomes. This is achieved in that the boundary layers of the endosperm exposed during the first reduction process and get to the main flour.
- Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that the system according to the invention the highest hygiene requirements it is sufficient because the short diagram means only short transport routes required are.
- the device according to the invention very easy to use. This is particularly advantageous since the device according to the invention mainly in countries where it is primarily used depends on the high yield of flour. With the invention High flour yields are achieved under Maintaining the high quality of the end products.
- Another advantage of the invention is that a simple Handling is possible.
- the invention Process with the least amount of effort Electronics. It is even possible to use the invention To drive the device in manual mode. But it is also a fully automatic or semi-automatic operation possible.
- the device according to the invention is of modular construction built up, that is, the actual core of the device can be supplemented with the wetting unit and the roller mills with special machines or a cleaning unit. This equipment with additional modules can also be retrofitted possible, so that the device according to the invention has good retrofittability.
- Another advantage of the invention is that the low Material use only a few spare parts are required.
- only three or four different types of rollers are provided, namely Smooth rollers, rollers with fine corrugations and rollers with rounded ones Corrugated surfaces or corrugated mirrors and between corrugated bases provided on the rollers. For this reason spare parts procurement is also easy.
- rollers with worn mirrors are preferred used as the last pair of rollers to split off of endosperm particles from the bran particles.
- These rollers, the ripples with little or no protrusion have, but essentially longitudinal depressions, run preferably at different speeds, so that the endosperm particles shear off the fine Bran is done.
- a cleaning unit before Wetting unit provided a cleaning unit.
- This cleaning unit takes over the tasks of pre-cleaning, pre-cleaning with stone selection, one Main cleaning with and without Stone selection, a main cleaning with and without ergot separation, an exclusive stone selection or one exclusive ergot separation.
- This cleaning unit is designed such that several separation processes according to density, sink rate, Mass or shape can be carried out. This is through an air flow generated by one fan several and differently arranged work surfaces.
- the work surfaces are preferably as perforated screens or Special sieves or as wire mesh with different mesh sizes educated.
- the work surfaces can be independent adjust each other in their inclination.
- the wetting device is a special preparation upstream or downstream.
- This has that Advantage that all types of grain, such as wheat, rye, Barley, but also other cereals, such as rice, corn, durum, Grind sorghum, spelled, millet, malt and the like can be.
- This too is for the countries in which it is to a simple grinding process with a high yield with flexibility at the same time, great Importance. In these countries it is important in one day Wheat, barley the next day and corn on the third day to be able to grind one and the same device.
- roller mills whose pairs of rollers are individually controlled and driven.
- the Millet only or almost only the upper pair of rollers
- wheat only or almost only that lower pair of rollers
- grinding Use barley both pairs of rollers for grinding.
- the rollers of the roller pairs are different Have corrugations and for different types of grain or grain rolls with different corrugations must be used.
- wheat mainly ground with smooth rollers
- rye is mainly ground with corrugated rollers.
- a special machine is advantageous switched in front of the actual grinding unit.
- a dry or wet disinfection for corn be provided, while for barley or oats a peeling, Scouring, sanding or polishing machine as a special machine is provided.
- the wetting unit is a thermal cabinet upstream or downstream. In countries with extreme Temperatures, it is necessary to wet the grain before wetting and / or grinding to a temperature, preferably bring between 18 and 20 ° C.
- the grains are advantageously after wetting with the liquid and before milling microwaves exposed.
- a microwave treatment of cereals is from GB-PS 1 379 116 and from GB-PS 571 710 known.
- the first pair of rollers and / or one is advantageous of the subsequent roller pairs and / or a plan sifter a granulator downstream.
- the cutting mill has according to the invention a cutting head and / or a micro cutting head on. Especially by crushing the Cereals with a micro cutting head it is possible significantly shorten the diagram of the mill.
- the use of the cutting mill is advantageous among other things in the production of wholemeal flour. It is possible, with the granulator the ingredients of the cereals, especially the shell, to shred very finely, so that a very fine and good whole grain flour in one a very short mill diagram can also be produced.
- a flat grinding method is specified.
- the diagram of this flat grinding process can be used a cutter significantly. But also the use The granulators in the high-milling plant bring a significant Shortening the diagram with it, so that too this use is very beneficial.
- the roller pairs are arranged in such a way that the device single roller mills or multiple roller mills having.
- each roller mill has vibration monitoring.
- This vibration monitor monitors the decibel values of the roller mill. Every roller mill has special decibel values depending on the product type, depend on the quantity and quality of the product.
- the individual setpoints are specified in a controller, that is, the vibration value is set to a target value between a minimum and a maximum value. Is the minimum or maximum value for an unmanned If the grinder is exceeded, the grinder automatically off. There can also be floors or departments be equipped with decibel monitoring.
- rollers of one or more roller mills can be used a number of revolutions of 1000 to 1500 revolutions per Minute walk.
- Fig. 1 shows a device (1) with a wetting device (2), a stand-off cell (3), pairs of rollers (4, 5; 6, 7) and a plan sifter (8).
- the grains to be ground are in the direction the arrow (A) of the wetting device (2).
- the wetting device (2) consists of a vertical arranged tube (9), which is arranged with a vertical axis is.
- the tube (9) is with a not shown
- the motor starts to vibrate so that the grains, those in the pipe or in front of the pipe with a liquid were placed in the tube strong acceleration forces get abandoned.
- the shaken grain-liquid mixture is the stand-off cell (3) fed.
- the grains remain here for a certain amount of time to achieve optimal wetting to achieve.
- the grains are the actual ones Grinding process supplied. For this the grains fed to the first pair of rollers (4) and immediately thereafter the second pair of rollers (5).
- the first pair of rollers (4) consists of two rollers (10, 11), the roller (10) being designed as a smooth roller and the roller (11) has a fine special corrugation.
- the grains have a due to the wetting rubbery shell and a dry or nearly dry Endosperm on.
- rollers (10 and 11) are shown.
- the Rollers (10, 11) run with the same or approximately the same Rotation speed.
- the roller (11) transported with ripples (15) the grain (12) in the direction of the arrow (B). Slips through the smooth surface of the roller (10) the rubber-like shell (13) of the grain (12) on the roller (10) over and will not run at the same speed transported as by the roller (11). Do this Shear forces within the grain (12), which are in the first Line affect the endosperm (14) because the rubbery Shell (13) is resilient, while in the endosperm (14) the internal structure due to the shear forces is changed.
- the cereals are then the second pair of rollers (5) with the rollers (16, 17) fed.
- the rollers (16, 17) have asymmetrical trained ripples.
- the surfaces (20) of the corrugations (18, 19) are referred to as "backs".
- the rollers (16, 17) are arranged such that the backs (20) of the corrugations (18) and the backs (20) of the corrugations (19) are arranged opposite one another are.
- the rollers (16, 17) are, so to speak, "backs against Back "arranged.
- the corrugated surfaces or also corrugated mirror (69) are rounded, as are the corrugated bases (70) between the corrugations (18, 19).
- the rolls (16, 17) are finely fluted rolls nine to fourteen ripples per centimeter.
- the rollers point preferably a diameter of 250 mm.
- the roller (17) has a higher rotational speed than the roller (16). For example, the amount of revolution speed the roller (17) 2.5 times larger than the amount of the rotational speed of the roller (16).
- the fast roller (17) preferably runs at 450 up to 500 revolutions per minute.
- the cereals are after passing through of the pair of rollers (5) fed to the plan sifter (8).
- the Ground products are sieved in the plan sifter (8).
- the plan sifter (8) has several screens (21, 22, 23) on.
- the transition of the screen (21) is the pair of rollers (6) fed.
- the transition of the sieve (22), known as coarse bran is called, a bran spinner (24), and the Transition of the sieve (23), which is referred to as fine bran is fed to a bran spinner (25).
- the diarrhea (26, 27, 28) of the sieves (21, 22, 23) can be separated again.
- the diarrhea (26, 27, 28) there is a large proportion of flour (29), a small proportion Share of haze and semolina and another share (31) of ground products that can be processed further.
- the small amount of haze and grinding such as the grinding products (31), the further grinding processing fed.
- this small proportion of haze and semolina of a semolina cleaning machine (30) feed is also possible to use this small proportion of haze and semolina of a semolina cleaning machine (30) feed.
- the pair of rollers (6) has smooth rollers (32, 33) which adhere to the shells Crack open endosperm parts, so to speak.
- the shell parts are mostly curved.
- Shell parts hang endosperm parts.
- the bowls are from wet, that is, they have a rubbery Consistency while the endosperm parts dry and are rigid. Because the shells with the endosperm parts through the smooth rollers, the shells, at least in the short term, brought into a flat shape. The endosperm parts cannot understand this movement, so that they are cracked or already partially solved.
- the pair of rollers (6) is the pair of rollers (7) with the rollers (34, 35) subordinate, which with that in the pair of rollers (6) prepared product another milling process performs.
- the ground products (31) can further pairs of rollers (36, 37, 38, 39).
- the pair of rollers (36) is like the pair of rollers (5 or 7), finely corrugated (see Fig. 3).
- the pair of rollers (36) has the task of none Carry out grinding process, but the product for the underlying Prepare the pair of rollers (38) optimally.
- the ground products are then one Plansifter (40) fed in which the ground products are sifted become.
- the sighting is carried out analogously to the sighting, as described in Fig. 1.
- a transition from the plan sifter (40) becomes the roller pairs (38, 39) fed. It is also possible to make transitions feed the underlying sieves to the roller pairs (38, 39). However, these transitions can also be used, for example be pulled off as bran.
- the pair of rollers (38) and the pair of rollers (39) have corrugations (43) on (Fig. 5), which are flattened.
- the Ripples (43) were (broken) from worn ripples (44) shown).
- the depth (71) and the worn imaginary supernatant (72) have a ratio of 60:40 on.
- the roller (42) runs with one greater rotational speed than the roller (41). For example, the speed of rotation of the roller 1.5 times larger than that of the roller (41).
- the grinding gap (47) is chosen to be relatively narrow, so that the shell (45) in depressions (48) between the corrugations (43) sets. The fact that the rollers (41, 42) with different Rotation speed, the remaining endosperm parts (46) detached from the shell (45).
- Fig. 7 shows a schematic of special facilities that upstream or downstream of the wetting device (2) are.
- the cleaning facility is one of the special facilities (49), with which a pre-cleaning or also a Main cleaning of the material to be ground is carried out.
- the cleaning device (49) has work surfaces (50, 51, 52), which are used as perforated screens or Special sieves or wire mesh with different Mesh sizes are formed.
- the goods to be cleaned reach the work surface (50).
- the wire mesh of the work surface (50) Particle stratification in the flowing material flow.
- heavy (53) is led away, for example, in the direction of arrow (D) through a corresponding inclination of the work surface (50).
- Dust and chaff get into a dust separator with the exhaust air (73) (Filter, cyclone).
- the easier thing to clean for example cereal grains, is marked by a towards the arrows (E) directed air flow in the direction of Arrow (F) transported on.
- Located in the lower part of the machine at least one in addition to various guide floors Table level with which the grain density is separated.
- a complete stone selection can be carried out here, for example.
- a density selection can also be carried out.
- the wetting device (2) and one or more special machines arranged after the stand-off cell (3) can be a peeling machine or a scrubbing machine (59), an impact sling (60), an emery or polishing machine (61), a read-out device (Trieur) (62), special meals or special roller mills (64).
- the special grinding courses can be a peeling course, a Dodging or a scrubbing or a polishing machine.
- the special machines (59 to 64) can be used as required can also be arranged in front of the wetting device (2).
- the special machines (59 to 64) is a microwave device (74) downstream, in the cereals (12) Exposed to microwaves.
- the microwave device (74) can also directly be arranged after the stand-off cell (3).
- Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show a roller mill (68) with the roller (16).
- the material to be ground is in the direction of the Arrow (G) fed to the roller mill (68).
- the ground material falls over the whole Spread straight down in the direction of the arrows (H) a transport device, the vibrating trough (65) or is designed as a screw conveyor (not shown). From the vibrating trough (65), the grinding products of a device (66) fed for suction of the ground products. Of here the ground products are fed to a tube (67) and from there to further roller mills or to a plansifter transported.
- the rollers consist of hard cast iron or Gray cast iron, made of steel, plastic, porcelain, rubber, copper and / or stone.
- Fig. 11 shows the first pair of rollers (4) with the rollers (10 and 11), which compressive and shear forces on the cereals exercises, as well as the second pair of rollers (5) with the Rollers (16 and 17).
- the second pair of rollers (5) is one Cutting mill (75) downstream, which is the product of the pair of rollers (5) very crushed. After going through the Cutting mill becomes the ground and crushed product fed to the plansifter (8).
- the proportion of flour (29) is according to this embodiment, much higher than, for example according to the embodiment of FIG. 1. It it is also possible to have diarrhea of the plan sifter (8) Feed cutting mill (76).
- Fig. 12 shows a cutting head (77) with at intervals assembled columns of vertical knives (78). Between Separators (79) are provided for knives (78). Internally of the cutting head (77), a rotor (80) drives the product (81) against the evenly arranged thin horizontal Separators. The small product parts, which are between the Separators (79) protrude from the at intervals assembled columns of vertical knives (78) cut off. The separated particles (82) are separated by the centrifugal force flung away from the cutting head (77). The Wall surface between the vertically arranged knives (78) is concave to prevent the formation of frictional heat to prevent. This ensures that the cereals are subject to less evaporation.
- Fig. 13 shows a micro cutting head (83), the micro cutting plate (84).
- the product (85) will fed into a rotor (86) running at high speed and hits the exposed ones at high speed Cutting edges (87) of the microcutting plates (84). In this way, small parts are separated from the product, until the shredding is finished.
- the particles are separated by gaps (88) between the platelets (84) ejected. Lingers because of the high speed the product only a split second in the micro cutting head (83). The particle reduction progresses to a precise extent, and thus the end product has uniform particle size on.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Adjustment And Processing Of Grains (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung;
- Fig. 2
- das erste Walzenpaar der Fig. 1 im Schnitt;
- Fig. 3
- das zweite Walzenpaar der Fig. 1 im Schnitt;
- Fig. 4
- weitere der Vorrichtung aus Fig. 1 nachgeschaltete Walzenpaare;
- Fig. 5
- eine Walze des letzten Walzenpaares der Fig. 4 im Schnitt;
- Fig. 6
- einen Teil des letzten Walzenpaares der Fig. 4 im Schnitt;
- Fig. 7
- Zusatzeinrichtungen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;
- Fig. 8
- eine Reinigungseinheit im Schnitt;
- Fig. 9
- einen Walzenstuhl im Schnitt;
- Fig. 10
- einen Schnitt nach der Linie X-X der Fig. 9;
- Fig. 11
- eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einer Schneidmühle;
- Fig. 12
- einen Schneidkopf einer Schneidmühle im Querschnitt;
- Fig. 13
- einen Mikroschneidkopf einer Schneidmühle im Querschnitt.
- 1
- Vorrichtung
- 2
- Benetzungseinrichtung
- 3
- Abstehzelle
- 4, 5, 6, 7
- Walzenpaare
- 8
- Plansichter
- 9
- Rohr
- 10, 11
- Walzen
- 12
- Korn
- 13
- Schale
- 14
- Endosperm
- 15
- Riffel
- 16, 17
- Walzen
- 18, 19
- Riffel
- 20
- Rücken
- 21, 22, 23
- Siebe
- 24
- Kleieschleuder
- 25
- Kleieschleuder
- 26, 27, 28
- Durchfälle
- 29
- Mehl
- 30
- Grießputzmaschine
- 31
- Mahlprodukte
- 32, 33
- Walzen
- 34, 35
- Walzen
- 36, 37, 38, 39
- Walzenpaare
- 40
- Plansichter
- 41, 42
- Walzen
- 43, 44
- Riffel
- 45
- Schale
- 46
- Endospermreste
- 47
- Spalt
- 48
- Vertiefungen
- 49
- Reinigungsvorrichtung
- 50, 51, 52
- Arbeitsflächen
- 53
- Schwergut
- 54, 55
- Bereiche
- 56, 57, 58
- Leichtgut
- 59
- Schäl- oder Scheuermaschine
- 60
- Prallschleuder
- 61
- Schmirgelschleif- oder Poliermaschine
- 62
- Ausleseapparat (Trieur)
- 63
- Schäl-, Spitz-, Scheuergang- oder Poliermaschine
- 64
- Spezialwalzenstühle
- 65
- Rüttelrinne
- 66
- Absaugvorrichtung
- 67
- Rohr
- 68
- Walzenstuhl
- 69
- Riffelspiegel
- 70
- Riffelgrund
- 71
- Vertiefung
- 72
- Riffelhöhe
- 73
- Abluft
- 74
- Mikrowelleneinrichtung
- 75
- Schneidmühle
- 76
- Schneidmühle
- 77
- Schneidkopf
- 78
- Messer
- 79
- Separatoren
- 80
- Rotor
- 81
- Partikel
- 82
- abgetrennte Partikel
- 83
- Mikroschneidkopf
- 84
- Schneidplättchen
- 85
- Partikel
- 86
- Rotor
- 87
- Schneidkanten
- 88
- Zwischenräume
- A, B, C, D
- Pfeile
- E, F, G, H
- Pfeile
Claims (49)
- Verfahren zum Vermahlen von Körnerfrüchten mit je einer Schale und je einem Kern,dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßwobei die Körnerfrüchte (12) mit einer Flüssigkeit benetzt werden,auf die Körnerfrüchte (12) mit einem ersten Walzenpaar (4) Druckkräfte derart ausgeübt werden, daß eine innere Struktur des Kerns (14) verändert wird, und die Schale (13) der Körnerfrüchte (12) nicht oder kaum beschädigt wird,die Körnerfrüchte (12) anschließend direkt einem zweiten Walzenpaar (5) zugeführt und von dem Walzenpaar (5) vermahlen werden,anschließend eine weitere Vermahlung durch ein weiteres Walzenpaar (7,36, 37,38) und/oder eine Sichtung der Mahlprodukte derart erfolgt, daß als Endprodukt im wesentlichen Mehl (29) erhalten wird,die Körnerfrüchte (12) derart benetzt werden, daß die Schale (13) der Körnerfrüchte (12) eine größere Feuchtigkeit aufweist als der Kern (14),auf die Körnerfrüchte (12) mit dem ersten Walzenpaar neben den Druckkräften auch Scherkräfte ausgeübt werden, und daßdas zweite Walzenpaar geriffelte Oberflächen aufweist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Körnerfrüchte (12) nach dem zweiten Walzenpaar (5) oder nach einem der darauffolgenden Walzenpaare einem Walzenpaar (6) zugeführt werden, bei dem eine Oberfläche der beiden Walzen (32,33) glatt oder annähernd glatt ausgebildet ist, so daß noch an der Schale (45) anhaftende Endospermteile (46) wenigstens teilweise von der Schale (45) beim Durchlaufen des Walzenpaares (6) gelöst werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schale (13,45) der Körnerfrüchte (12) annähernd gleichmäßig benetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Körnerfrüchte (12) nach oder während der Vermischung mit der Flüssigkeit eine Rütteleinrichtung (2) kontinuierlich oder chargenweise derart durchlaufen, daß die Rütteleinrichtung (2) das Körnerfrüchte-Flüssigkeitsgemisch starken Beschleunigungskräften aussetzt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Körnerfrüchte (12) vor dem Benetzen mit der Flüssigkeit gereinigt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Körnerfrüchte (12) vor oder nach dem Benetzen mit der Flüssigkeit einer Sonderaufbereitung unterzogen werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Körnerfrüchte (12) in der Sonderaufbereitung einer Schälmaschine (59), Scheuermaschine (63), Schmirgelschleifmaschine (61), Poliermaschine (61), einer Prallschleuder (60), einem Ausleseapparat (62), Entkeimungsmaschinen, Spezialmahlgängen und/oder Spezialwalzenstühlen (64) zugeführt und in diesen behandelt werden.
- Verfahren nach zumindest einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während oder nach dem Vermahlen anfallenden Kleiepartikel einer Kleieschleuder (24,25) zugeführt werden.
- Verfahren nach zumindest einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während des Vermahlens anfallende Grieß- und/oder Dunstanteile (30) gesammelt und Walzenstühlen zugeführt werden.
- Verfahren nach zumindest einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Körnerfrüchte (12) nach dem Benetzen mit der Flüssigkeit und vor dem Vermahlen Mikrowellen ausgesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach zumindest einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mahlprodukte Mikrowellen ausgesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach zumindest einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Körnerfrüchte (12) nach dem zweiten Walzenpaar (5) und/oder nach dem einem weiteren Walzenpaar (7,36,37,38) in einer Schneidmühle (75,76) zerkleinert werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Körnerfrüchte in einer Schneidmühle (75,76) mit einem Schneidkopf (77) und/oder einem Mikroschneidkopf (83) zerkleinert werden.
- Verfahren nach zumindest einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Körnerfrüchte in einem Doppel-Walzenstuhl oder einem Mehrfach-Walzenstuhl vermahlen werden, wobei die Vermahlung von wenigstens einem Walzenpaar des Walzenstuhles durchgeführt wird.
- Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach zumindest einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 14 mitdadurch gekennzeichnet, daßeiner Benetzungseinheit (2) für die Benetzung der Körnerfrüchte (12) mit einer Flüssigkeit,einem der Benetzungseinheit (2) nachgeschalteten ersten Walzenpaar (4),wenigstens einem dem ersten Walzenpaar (4) unmittelbar nachgeordneten weiteren Walzenpaar (5) zur Vermahlung der Körnerfrüchte (12), wobei das unmittelbar nachgeordnete Walzenpaar (5) geriffelte Walzen (16,17) aufweist, undwenigstens einem nachgeordneten Plansichter (8,40),das erste Walzenpaar (4) als ein Druck- und Scherkräfte auf die Körnerfrüchte (12) ausübendes Walzenpaar (10,11) ausgebildet ist, wobei die eine Walze (10) eine glatte oder annähernd glatte Oberfläche und die andere Walze (11) eine geriffelte Oberfläche aufweist, unddem nachgeordneten Walzenpaar (5) wenigstens ein weiteres Walzenpaar (7,36, 37,38) und/oder wenigstens eine Schneidmühle (75,76) nachgeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Walzen (10,11) des ersten Walzenpaares (4) eine annähernd gleiche Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit aufweisen.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Walzen (10,11) des ersten Walzenpaares (4) unterschiedliche Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeiten aufweisen.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Walze (11) des ersten Walzenpaares (4) wenigstens neun Riffel (15) pro Zentimeter aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Walze (11) des ersten Walzenpaares (4) einen Drall von plus/minus zwei bis vier Grad aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem zweiten Walzenpaar (5) oder einem darauffolgenden Walzenpaar ein weiteres Walzenpaar (6) nachgeschaltet ist, wobei die Walzen (32,33) dieses weiteren Walzenpaares (6,36) glatt, annähernd glatt oder aufgerauht ausgebildet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Walzen (32,33) des weiteren Walzenpaares (6,36) gleiche oder annähernd gleiche Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeiten aufweisen.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 21 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das wenigstens eine nach dem ersten Walzenpaar angeordnete weitere Walzenpaar (5,36,38) unterschiedliche Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeiten aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das wenigstens eine dem ersten Walzenpaar (4) nachgeschaltete Walzenpaar (5) neun bis sechzehn Riffel (18,19) pro Zentimeter aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Riffel (18,19) der Walzen (16,17) des wenigstens einen dem ersten Walzenpaar (4) nachgeschalteten Walzenpaares (5) Riffel mit abgerundeten Riffelflächen und/oder Riffel mit je einem zwischen den Riffeln abgerundeten Grund aufweisen.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Walzenpaar (4) und das wenigstens eine nachgeordnete Walzenpaar (5) als Mehrfachwalzenstuhl ausgebildet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Walzenpaar (4), das wenigstens eine nachgeordnete Walzenpaar (5) und das Walzenpaar (6) mit den Walzen (32,33), die eine glatte oder annähernd glatt ausgebildete Oberfläche aufweisen, als Mehrfachwalzenstuhl ausgebildet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Walzen (16,17;34,35) der mit einer geriffelten Oberfläche ausgebildeten Walzenpaare (5,7) derart zueinander angeordnet sind, daß beim Drehen der Walzen (16,17;34,35) die Rücken (20) der Riffel (18) der einen Walze (16) und die Rücken (20) der Riffel (19) der anderen Walze (17) zueinander angeordnet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Walzen (10,11,16,17,32,33,34,35) einen Durchmesser zwischen 200 mm und 300 mm aufweisen.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 28, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die schnellen Walzen 450 bis 500 Umdrehungen pro Minute aurweisen.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 29, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eines der letzten Walzenpaare (38,39) zwei Walzen (41,42) aufweist, die Riffel (43) mit abgetragenen Spiegeln (44) tragen.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 30, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Walzen (41,42) des letzten Walzenpaares (39) eine glatte oder annähernd glatte Oberfläche aufweisen.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 30 oder 31, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Walzen (41,42) wenigstens eines der letzten Walzenpaare (38,39) unterschiedliche Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeiten aufweisen.
- Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 32, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung (1) vor der Benetzungseinheit (2) eine Reinigungseinheit (49) aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 33, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reinigungseinheit (49) als eine mit einer Luftdurchströmung arbeitende Reinigungseinheit (49) ausgebildet ist, und daß die Reinigungseinheit (49) Arbeitsflächen (50,51,52) aus Lochsieben, Spezialsieben und/oder Drahtgeweben unterschiedlicher Maschenweite aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 34, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Arbeitsflächen (50,51,52) unabhängig voneinander in ihrer Neigung verstellbar ausgebildet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 35, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Benetzungseinheit (2) eine Rütteleinrichtung aufweist, welche aus einem mit etwa vertikaler Achse angeordneten Rohr besteht, das mit einem das Rohr in Rüttelbewegung versetzenden Motor verbunden ist.
- Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 36, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Benetzungseinheit (2) eine Abstehzelle (3) nachgeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 37, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Benetzungseinheit (2) oder der Abstehzelle (3) eine Prüfvorrichtung für die Oberflächenfeuchte nachgeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 38, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Benetzungseinheit (2) eine Sonderaufbereitungseinheit (59-64) voroder nachgeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 39, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sonderaufbereitungseinheit eine Entkeimungsmaschine, eine Schälmaschine (59), eine Scheuermaschine (63), eine Schmirgelschleifmaschine (61), eine Poliermaschine (61), eine Prallschleuder (60), einen Ausleseapparat (62), Spezialmahlgänge und/oder SpezialwalzenStühle (64) aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 40, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein oder mehrere Walzenpaare als Walzenstühle (68) ausgebildet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 41, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Walzenstuhl (68) während des Mahlvorganges ein oder mehrere Walzenpaare angetrieben werden.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 41 oder 42, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Walzenstühle (68) einen unteren Auslauf aufweisen, wobei der Auslauf derart ausgebildet ist, daß das Mahlprodukt geradlinig herunterfällt.
- Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 41 bis 43, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unterhalb der Walzenstühle (68) eine Transporteinrichtung (65) angeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 41 bis 44, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Walzenstühle (68) als vibrationsüberwachte oder Dezibel-überwachte Walzenstühle ausgebildet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 45, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Benetzungseinrichtung (2) eine die Temperatur der Körnerfrüchte (12) regelnde Einrichtung vor- oder nachgeschaltet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 46, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstehzelle und/oder der wenigstens einen Sonderaufbereitungseinheit (59-64) eine Mikrowelleneinrichtung nachgeschaltet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 47, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem letzten Walzenstuhl und/oder dem letzten Plansichter eine Mikrowelleneinrichtung nachgeschaltet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 48, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem zweiten Walzenpaar (5) und/oder den weiteren Walzenpaaren (6,7,36,37,38,39) eine Schneidmühle (75,76) mit einem Schneidkopf (77) und/oder einem Mikroschneidkopf (83) nachgeschaltet ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19729367 | 1997-07-09 | ||
| DE19729367 | 1997-07-09 | ||
| DE19733424 | 1997-08-01 | ||
| DE19733424A DE19733424C2 (de) | 1997-07-09 | 1997-08-01 | Verfahren zum Vermahlen von Körnerfrüchten |
| PCT/EP1998/004074 WO1999002267A1 (de) | 1997-07-09 | 1998-07-01 | Verfahren zum vermahlen von körnerfrüchten sowie vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0994751A1 EP0994751A1 (de) | 2000-04-26 |
| EP0994751B1 true EP0994751B1 (de) | 2002-11-06 |
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| EP98939600A Expired - Lifetime EP0994751B1 (de) | 1997-07-09 | 1998-07-01 | Verfahren zum vermahlen von körnerfrüchten sowie vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
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| EP (1) | EP0994751B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE227163T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU8805398A (de) |
| PL (1) | PL337945A1 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2181308C2 (de) |
| TR (1) | TR200000155T2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1999002267A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7021572B2 (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2006-04-04 | Buhler Ag | Process and installation for warm dehulling soya |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2251455C2 (ru) * | 2002-12-25 | 2005-05-10 | Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт зерна и продуктов его переработки (ГНУ ВНИИЗ) | Способ помола семян амаранта |
| US7560611B2 (en) | 2003-08-05 | 2009-07-14 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Method and apparatus for substantially isolating plant tissues |
| US7150993B2 (en) | 2003-08-05 | 2006-12-19 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Method for excision of plant embryos for transformation |
| RU2268629C2 (ru) * | 2004-03-25 | 2006-01-27 | Андрей Борисович Петров | Способ удаления оболочек семян из шрота/жмыха подсолнечника и установка для его осуществления |
| DE102006037300A1 (de) | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-14 | Elexxion Gmbh | Handstück für das Aufbringen einer Laserstrahlung auf einen vorbestimmten Bereich |
| CN105219694A (zh) | 2007-03-09 | 2016-01-06 | 孟山都技术公司 | 用于转化的植物胚外植体的制备和用途 |
| US8063005B2 (en) | 2007-12-10 | 2011-11-22 | Sanyasi Raju Kalidindi | Personal care formulations with simultaneous exfoliant, cleansing and moisturizing properties |
| KR101571956B1 (ko) * | 2014-01-27 | 2015-11-25 | 장상국 | 체질 및 입자 분리가 효율적으로 이루어지는 곡물 제분 방법 및 그 시스템 |
| WO2018015532A1 (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2018-01-25 | Bühler Barth Gmbh | Gentle cocoabreaker |
| TWI735654B (zh) * | 2016-09-19 | 2021-08-11 | 義大利商辛巴利集團公司 | 用於適用製造飲料之植物性產品,尤其是烤咖啡豆的研磨裝置之研磨室 |
| CN112474328A (zh) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-12 | 湄潭县宫廷香米业有限责任公司 | 一种大米智能化生产加工设备 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2221802A (en) * | 1937-09-11 | 1940-11-19 | Samuel W Keys | Process of milling wheat |
| GB1379116A (en) * | 1972-07-25 | 1975-01-02 | Newton D | Treatment of cereals and other seeds |
| GB1571710A (en) | 1977-10-21 | 1980-07-16 | Veenendaal J | Dehulling of cocoa beans |
| GB8623371D0 (en) * | 1986-09-29 | 1986-11-05 | Cecil J E | Ceral milling process |
| US5114079A (en) | 1990-12-10 | 1992-05-19 | Kansas State University Research Foundation | Simplified method and apparatus for producing white flour from wheat grain |
| DE4127290A1 (de) | 1991-08-17 | 1993-02-18 | Graef Dieter Otto | Verfahren zum benetzen von koernerfruechten mit einer fluessigkeit sowie vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
-
1998
- 1998-07-01 RU RU2000101003/13A patent/RU2181308C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-01 TR TR2000/00155T patent/TR200000155T2/xx unknown
- 1998-07-01 PL PL98337945A patent/PL337945A1/xx unknown
- 1998-07-01 EP EP98939600A patent/EP0994751B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-01 AT AT98939600T patent/ATE227163T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-01 AU AU88053/98A patent/AU8805398A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-07-01 WO PCT/EP1998/004074 patent/WO1999002267A1/de not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7021572B2 (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2006-04-04 | Buhler Ag | Process and installation for warm dehulling soya |
| US7595072B2 (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2009-09-29 | Buhler Ag | Process for warm dehulling soya |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL337945A1 (en) | 2000-09-11 |
| WO1999002267A1 (de) | 1999-01-21 |
| EP0994751A1 (de) | 2000-04-26 |
| ATE227163T1 (de) | 2002-11-15 |
| TR200000155T2 (tr) | 2001-07-23 |
| RU2181308C2 (ru) | 2002-04-20 |
| AU8805398A (en) | 1999-02-08 |
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