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EP0990071B1 - Rail arrangement - Google Patents

Rail arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0990071B1
EP0990071B1 EP98934818A EP98934818A EP0990071B1 EP 0990071 B1 EP0990071 B1 EP 0990071B1 EP 98934818 A EP98934818 A EP 98934818A EP 98934818 A EP98934818 A EP 98934818A EP 0990071 B1 EP0990071 B1 EP 0990071B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rail
elastic intermediate
arrangement according
intermediate sheet
rail arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98934818A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0990071A1 (en
Inventor
Michael Bruder
Michail Rabkin
Karl-Heinz Krause
Edgar Böhm
Gerhard Merkmann
Peter Schwob
Klaus Tübel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phoenix AG
Original Assignee
Phoenix AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0990071A1 publication Critical patent/EP0990071A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0990071B1 publication Critical patent/EP0990071B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/68Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
    • E01B9/681Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by the material
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/62Rail fastenings incorporating resilient supports
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/68Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/68Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
    • E01B9/681Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by the material
    • E01B9/683Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by the material layered or composite
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/68Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
    • E01B9/685Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by their shape
    • E01B9/686Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by their shape with textured surface

Definitions

  • the elastic intermediate plate 3 which sits directly on the hard support 6 (concrete sleeper), has openings for the screws 7 of the multi-part rail fastening.
  • the elastic intermediate plate 3 can be used without using the elastic intermediate layer 1 , even if the series connection is preferred.
  • the elastic intermediate plate 3 has three zones A and B , the central zone B having a different structure with respect to the system of knobs and depressions than the two structurally identical side zones A, but with an essentially mirror-symmetrical overall structure, namely in relation to the central planes X and Y running in the transverse direction of the rail and in the longitudinal direction of the rail.
  • the circumferential edge 9 is equipped with a total of four drainage channels 18 running in the transverse direction of the rails, which ensure that any water that has penetrated can drain off.
  • the edge 9 also includes a system of knobs and depressions. There are four knobs 10 within the central region of the central zone B , which are arranged separately from one another. In addition, the central zone B also has two web-shaped knobs 11 which are arranged in the region of the central plane Y running in the longitudinal direction of the rail and are each connected to the peripheral edge 9 .
  • the two side zones A each have a large base knob 12 which is arranged in the region of the central plane X running in the transverse direction of the rail and is connected to the circumferential edge 9 , each base knob being provided with an opening 16 for the screws of the rail fastening. Furthermore, each base knob is provided with two drainage channels 17 running in the longitudinal direction of the rail, specifically to form a two-part base knob 12a and 12b. A further knob 13 is arranged between the base knob and the peripheral edge, which knob is not connected to the edge and has its largest dimension in the transverse direction of the rail.
  • Fig. 3 now shows a modified elastic intermediate plate 3 ' . Thereafter, the active areas of the four central knobs 10 ' as well as the two web-shaped knobs 11' within the central zone B are made substantially smaller than in the context of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2. At the same time, the non-active area of the depression 14 ' has increased significantly.
  • the base cone 12 ' provided with an opening 16' is provided here with a total of five drainage channels 17 ' , namely to form a five-part base cone 12' a, 12'b and 12'c.
  • the base knob and the peripheral edge 9 ' there are two knobs 13' which are arranged separately from one another.
  • a third knob 13 ' (dashed lines) may be present.
  • the knobs 13 ' within the side zone A each have an approximately equal active area, which in turn is approximately the same size as the active area of each knob 10' in the central zone B.
  • Fig. 5 now records measurement results (mean value from three measurements) of the elastic intermediate plate 3 ' according to FIG. 3, without the third knob 13' (dashed lines), the force [kN] on the ordinate and the force on the abscissa Path [mm] is plotted.
  • the static secant stiffness is now measured from the curve in the range of 15 kN (lower limit) and 50 kN (upper limit) and is 20.3 kN / mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Moving Of Heads (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a rail arrangement for a rail superstucture such as a fixed railroad, comprising an elastic intermediate plate (3) which is located between the rail foot and a hard support (6) in the form of a concrete tie and has two through holes for the screws (7) to fasten the rails. For series mounting, which is the solution of choice, the elastic intermediate plate (3) is combined with an elastic intermediate layer (1) in such a way that the additional intermediate layer rests above the intermediate plate directly below the rail foot, whereby the intermediate layer (1) is separated from the intermediate plate (3) by a metal base plate (2) which serves to fasten the rail. According to the invention, the intermediate plate (3) consists of a single-piece vulcanisate made of a rubber mixture and has three structural zones related to a novel arrangement of protrusions (active surfaces) and recesses (inactive surfaces), whereby the inactive surfaces in the central zone are deeper than those in the two side zones. The invention also relates to other constructional features of the elastic intermediate plate (3).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schienenanordnung für eine Gleisoberbaukonstruktion wie feste Fahrbahn, umfassend eine elastische Zwischenplatte, die sich zwischen dem Schienenfuß und einem harten Auflager (z.B. Betontragplatten, Stahlschwellen, Betonschwellen) befindet und zumeist mit zwei Durchbrechungen für die Schrauben der Schienenbefestigung versehen ist, wobei die elastische Zwischenplatte

  • aus einem einstückigen Vulkanisat besteht, hergestellt aus einer Kautschukmischung, insbesondere auf der Basis von Naturkautschuk (NR), epoxidiertem Naturkautschuk (ENR), Isoprenkautschuk (IR), Butadienkautschuk (BR), Acrylat-Kautschuk (ACM), Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk (SBR) oder Verschnitten dieser Kautschuktypen, insbesondere NR/SBR- oder NR/BR-Verschnitte, sowie üblichen Mischungsingredienzien, wie Füllstoffe, Weichmacher, Alterungsschutzmittel sowie gegebenenfalls weitere Zusatzstoffe;
  • eine im wesentlichen ebenflächige Oberseite besitzt, während ihre Unterseite einen umlaufenden Rand aufweist, der zumeist mit wenigstens einem in Schienenquerrichtung verlaufenden Dränkanal versehen ist, wobei der Rand ein System aus Noppen und Vertiefungen mit vorzugsweise im wesentlichen spiegelsymmetrischer Gesamtstruktur, und zwar bezogen auf die in Schienenquerrichtung und in Schienenlängsrichtung verlaufenden Mittelebenen, einschließt, wobei die Unterseite zumeist direkt auf dem harten Auflager aufsitzt; sowie
  • drei Zonen aufweist, die sich im wesentlichen parallel zur Schienenlängsrichtung erstrecken, wobei die Mittelzone in Bezug auf das System aus Noppen und Vertiefungen eine andere Struktur besitzt als die beiden strukturgleichen Seitenzonen, und zwar derart, daß die Mittelzone eine größere gummielastische Verformbarkeit aufweist als die beiden Seitenzonen.
The invention relates to a rail arrangement for a track superstructure such as a solid carriageway, comprising an elastic intermediate plate which is located between the rail foot and a hard support (e.g. concrete support plates, steel sleepers, concrete sleepers) and is usually provided with two openings for the screws of the rail fastening, the elastic intermediate plate
  • consists of a one-piece vulcanizate, made from a rubber mixture, in particular based on natural rubber (NR), epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), isoprene rubber (IR), butadiene rubber (BR), acrylate rubber (ACM), styrene-butadiene rubber ( SBR) or blends of these types of rubber, in particular NR / SBR or NR / BR blends, as well as customary mixture ingredients, such as fillers, plasticizers, anti-aging agents and optionally other additives;
  • has an essentially flat top, while its underside has a circumferential edge which is usually provided with at least one drainage channel running in the transverse direction of the rail, the edge being a system of knobs and depressions with an overall structure which is preferably essentially mirror-symmetrical, in relation to that in the transverse direction of the rail and in the longitudinal direction of the central planes, with the underside mostly sitting directly on the hard support; such as
  • has three zones which extend essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rail, the central zone having a different structure with respect to the system of knobs and depressions than the two structurally identical side zones, in such a way that the central zone has a greater rubber-elastic deformability than the two side zones.

Eine ähnliche Schienenanordnung ist aus der EP-A-0 541 884 bekann. Dabei wird beispielsweise vorgeschlagen, die elastische Zwischenplatte mit Sacklöchern oder zickzackförmigen Nuten zu versehen, wobei diese die Vertiefungen bildenden Elemente innerhalb der Mittelzone häufiger auftreten als innerhalb der beiden Seitenzonen, was dazu führt, daß die Mittelzone eine größere gummielastische Verformbarkeit aufweist als die beiden Seitenzonen. Ferner ist aus der DE-A-195 04 937 eine elastische zwischenlage bekannt, die mit einem Noppensystem versehen ist. Ein beträchtlicher Anteil des Personenfernverkehrs auf der Schiene wird bereits heute in mehreren Ländern, insbesondere in Frankreich, Japan und Deutschland, auf sogenannten Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrecken realisiert. Durch den Neubau derartiger Strecken, und zwar im Rahmen der Kopplung nationaler Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrecken in Europa zu einem internationalen Verbund unter gleichzeitiger Einbeziehung des Güterfernverkehrs (gemischte Nutzung der Strecken), schreitet diese Entwicklung weiter voran.A similar rail arrangement is known from EP-A-0 541 884. there For example, it is proposed that the elastic intermediate plate with blind holes or to provide zigzag grooves, these forming the recesses Elements within the central zone occur more frequently than within the two Side zones, which results in the central zone becoming a larger rubber elastic Has deformability than the two side zones. Furthermore, from DE-A-195 04 937 an elastic liner known with a knob system is provided. A significant proportion of long-distance passenger transport by rail is already today in several countries, especially in France, Japan and Germany so-called high-speed lines realized. By building new ones Routes, as part of the coupling of national high-speed lines in Europe to an international network with simultaneous involvement of long-distance freight transport (mixed use of routes), this development is progressing further ahead.

Nur in der Ausführungsart dieser Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrecken als sogenannte "Feste Fahrbahnen" auf Erdbauten, in Tunneln und auf Brücken wird - im Gegensatz zum klassischen Schotteroberbau - der Instandhaltungsaufwand vertretbar und somit eine instandhaltungsarme Langzeitnutzung möglich.Only in the design of these high-speed lines as so-called "festivals Roads "on earth structures, in tunnels and on bridges - in contrast to the classic ballast track - the maintenance effort is justifiable and therefore one Long-term, low-maintenance use possible.

Um nun optimalen Fahrkomfort, geringe Schwingungs- und Lärmbelästigung für die Streckenanlieger, geringe dynamische Fahrwegbeanspruchung und hohe Verfügbarkeit der Fahrwege zu erreichen, werden an die elastische Zwischenplatte folgende Anforderungen gestellt, nämlich:

  • Statische Sekantensteifigkeit Cstat= 10 bis 30 kN/mm,
    insbesondere 15 bis 25 kN/mm
    (Untergrenze 15 kN, Obergrenze 50 kN)
  • Dynamischer Versteifungsfaktor æ ≤ 2,5 insbesondere ≤ 1,5
In order to achieve optimal driving comfort, low vibration and noise pollution for the residents of the route, low dynamic traffic and high availability of the routes, the following requirements are placed on the elastic intermediate plate, namely:
  • Static secant stiffness C stat = 10 to 30 kN / mm,
    in particular 15 to 25 kN / mm
    (Lower limit 15 kN, upper limit 50 kN)
  • Dynamic stiffening factor æ ≤ 2.5, in particular ≤ 1.5

Diese Anforderungen unter Beachtung der Ermüdungsbeständigkeit und Dauerfestigkeit (Lebensdauer) kann mit einer einstückigen Zwischenplatte, hergestellt als Formartikel, auf TPE-Werkstoffbasis nicht erfüllt werden. Ohne deutliche Vergrößerung der Bauhöhe sind die oben aufgeführten Vorgaben für Cstat mit einem verträglichen dynamischen Versteifungsfaktor über die geforderte Lebensdauer mit einem TPE-Werkstoff nicht erreichbar. Diese Anforderungen sind nur erfüllbar in Verbindung mit Vulkanisaten, hergestellt aus einer Kautschukmischung, insbesondere unter Anwendung der Kautschuktypen NR, ENR, IR, BR, ACM, SBR, NR/SBR oder NR/BR, und zwar unter Einbezug einer geeigneten Konstruktion der elastischen Zwischenplatte.These requirements, taking into account fatigue resistance and fatigue strength (service life), cannot be met with a one-piece intermediate plate, manufactured as a molded article, based on TPE material. Without a significant increase in the overall height, the above-mentioned specifications for C stat with a compatible dynamic stiffening factor cannot be achieved with the TPE material over the required service life. These requirements can only be met in connection with vulcanizates made from a rubber mixture, in particular using the rubber types NR, ENR, IR, BR, ACM, SBR, NR / SBR or NR / BR, with the inclusion of a suitable construction of the elastic intermediate plate ,

Die erfindungsgemäße elastische Zwischenplatte zeichnet sich nun durch folgenden konstruktiven Aufbau aus:

  • Die Vertiefungen innerhalb der drei Zonen sind als nichtaktive Flächen gestaltet, die zugleich den Boden bilden, der die geschlossene Begrenzung zur Oberseite der elastischen Zwischenplatte darstellt, wobei die nichtaktiven Flächen innerhalb der Mittelzone tiefer liegen als die der beiden Seitenzonen sowie ferner innerhalb einer Zone eine im wesentlichen gleichbleibende Tiefe aufweisen.
  • Die aktiven Flächen der Noppen innerhalb der Mittelzone weisen eine kleinere Gesamtfläche auf als die der Noppen innerhalb jeder Seitenzone.
  • Die beiden Seitenzonen nehmen jeweils eine größere Fläche als die Mittelzone ein.
The elastic intermediate plate according to the invention is now characterized by the following construction:
  • The depressions within the three zones are designed as non-active areas, which also form the floor, which forms the closed boundary to the upper side of the elastic intermediate plate, the non-active areas within the central zone being lower than that of the two side zones and also within one zone have a substantially constant depth.
  • The active areas of the knobs within the central zone have a smaller total area than that of the knobs within each side zone.
  • The two side zones each take up a larger area than the central zone.

Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungsvarianten der Erfindung sind in den Patentansprüchen 2 bis 26 genannt.Expedient embodiment variants of the invention are in patent claims 2 called to 26.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezug auf schematische Zeichnungen ausführlich vorgestellt. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Schienenanordnung, umfassend eine Reihenschaltung aus elastischer Zwischenlage und elastischer Zwischenplatte (Querschnittsdarstellung);
Fig. 2
die Unterseite einer elastischen Zwischenplatte (Draufsichtdarstellung);
Fig. 3
die Unterseite einer weiteren elastischen Zwischenplatte (Draufsichtdarstellung);
Fig. 4
die konstruktiven Parameter der elastischen Zwischenplatte (Querschnittsdarstellung);
Fig. 5
ein Kraft-Weg-Diagramm zwecks Ermittlung der statischen Sekantensteifkigkeit, und zwar gemessen an einer elastischen Zwischenplatte gemäß Fig. 3.
The invention will now be presented in detail using exemplary embodiments with reference to schematic drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a rail arrangement comprising a series connection of elastic intermediate layer and elastic intermediate plate (cross-sectional view);
Fig. 2
the underside of an elastic intermediate plate (top view);
Fig. 3
the underside of another elastic intermediate plate (top view);
Fig. 4
the design parameters of the elastic intermediate plate (cross-sectional view);
Fig. 5
3 shows a force-displacement diagram for the purpose of determining the static secant rigidity, specifically measured on an elastic intermediate plate according to FIG. 3.

In Verbindung mit diesen Figuren gilt folgende Bezugsziffernliste:

1
Elastische Zwischenlage
2
Grundplatte zur Schienenbefestigung
3, 3'
Elastische Zwischenplatte
4
Spannklemme
5
Winkelführungsplatte
6
hartes Auflager in Form einer Betonschwelle (mit Betonsohle fest vergossen)
7
Schwellenschraube
8
Schraubdübel
9, 9'
Umlaufender Rand
10, 10'
Noppen
11, 11'
Noppen
12, 12'
Noppen (mehrteilig unter Bildung der Teile 12a, 12b; 12'a, 12'b, 12'c)
13, 13'
Noppen
14, 14'
Vertiefung
15, 15'
Vertiefung
16, 16'
Bohrung für die Schienenbefestigung
17, 17'
Dränkanal
18, 18'
Dränkanal
19
Boden
20
Oberseite
A
Seitenzone
B
Mittelzone
X
Mittelebene (in Schienenquerrichtung)
Y
Mittelebene (in Schienenlängsrichtung)
u
Gesamtstärke der Zwischenplatte (Gesamthöhe der aktiven Flächen)
v
Tiefe der nichtaktiven Flächen innerhalb der Seitenzone A
v'
Tiefe der nichtaktiven Flächen innerhalb der Mittelzone B
w
Stärke des Bodens innerhalb der Mittelzone B
In connection with these figures, the following list of reference numbers applies:
1
Elastic liner
2
Base plate for rail fastening
3, 3 '
Elastic intermediate plate
4
tension clamp
5
Angled guide plate
6
hard support in the form of a concrete sleeper (firmly cast with concrete base)
7
sleeper screw
8th
A threaded insert
9, 9 '
Surrounding border
10, 10 '
burl
11, 11 '
burl
12, 12 '
Knobs (multi-part to form parts 12a, 12b; 12'a, 12'b, 12'c)
13, 13 '
burl
14, 14 '
deepening
15, 15 '
deepening
16, 16 '
Hole for the rail fastening
17, 17 '
drainage channel
18, 18 '
drainage channel
19
ground
20
top
A
page zone
B
Central zone
X
Middle plane (in the transverse direction of the rail)
Y
Middle plane (in the longitudinal direction of the rail)
u
Total thickness of the intermediate plate (total height of the active areas)
v
Depth of the non-active areas within the side zone A
v '
Depth of the non-active areas within the central zone B
w
Soil thickness within the central zone B

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Schienenanordnung, bei der im Rahmen einer Reihenschaltung die elastische Zwischenplatte 3 mit einer elastischen Zwischenlage 1 kombiniert ist, und zwar derart, daß die zusätzliche Zwischenlage oberhalb der Zwischenplatte direkt unterhalb des Schienenfußes zu liegen kommt, wobei die Zwischenlage 1 von der Zwischenplatte 3 durch eine Grundplatte 2 aus Metall, die der Schienenbefestigung dient, getrennt ist. Die elastische Zwischenlage 1 hat etwa die Breite des Schienenfußes. Die elastische Zwischenplatte 3 besitzt im Vergleich zur Zwischenlage 1 etwa den doppelten Flächenbedarf, wobei hinsichtlich der Gesamtstärke dieser beiden Elastomersysteme folgende Werte gelten:

  • elastische Zwischenlage 1:   mindestens 7 mm
  • elastische Zwischenplatte 3:   mindestens 10 mm
Fig. 1 shows a rail arrangement in which the elastic intermediate plate 3 is combined with an elastic intermediate layer 1 in a series connection, in such a way that the additional intermediate layer comes to lie above the intermediate plate directly below the rail foot, the intermediate layer 1 of the Intermediate plate 3 is separated by a base plate 2 made of metal, which is used for fastening the rails. The elastic intermediate layer 1 has approximately the width of the rail foot. Compared to the intermediate layer 1, the elastic intermediate plate 3 has approximately twice the area requirement, the following values applying to the total thickness of these two elastomer systems:
  • elastic intermediate layer 1: at least 7 mm
  • elastic intermediate plate 3: at least 10 mm

Die elastische Zwischenplatte 3, die direkt auf dem harten Auflager 6 (Betonschwelle) aufsitzt, weist Durchbrechungen auf für die Schrauben 7 der mehrteiligen Schienenbefestigung.The elastic intermediate plate 3, which sits directly on the hard support 6 (concrete sleeper), has openings for the screws 7 of the multi-part rail fastening.

Im Rahmen einer alternativen Gestaltungsvariante kann die elastische Zwischenplatte 3 ohne Verwendung der elastischen Zwischenlage 1 eingesetzt werden, auch wenn die Reihenschaltung bevorzugt wird.In the context of an alternative design variant, the elastic intermediate plate 3 can be used without using the elastic intermediate layer 1 , even if the series connection is preferred.

Bei der Reihenschaltung ist es ferner von Vorteil, wenn die resultierende Federsteife stets kleiner ist als die kleinste Einzelfedersteife.With the series connection, it is also advantageous if the resulting spring stiffness is always smaller than the smallest single spring stiffness.

Bevor nun näher auf die erfindungsgemäße elastische Zwischenplatte 3 eingegangen wird, bleiben noch die vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungsvarianten der elastischen Zwischenlage 1 zu erwähnen. Diese sind:

  • Die Zwischenlage 1 besteht aus einem einstückigen Vulkanisat, insbesondere auf der Basis des gleichen Werkstoffes wie bei der Zwischenplatte 3. Der Kautschukanteil beträgt dabei 45 bis 75 Gew.-%, insbesondere 55 bis 65 Gew.-%.
  • Die Zwischenlage 1 besitzt eine im wesentlichen ebenflächige Oberseite, während ihre Unterseite einen umlaufenden Rand aufweist, der zumeist mit wenigstens einem in Schienenquerrichtung verlaufenden Dränkanal versehen ist, wobei der Rand ein System aus Noppen und Vertiefungen mit vorzugsweise im wesentlichen spiegelsymmetrischer Gesamtsturktur, und zwar bezogen auf die in Schienenquerrichtung und in Schienenlängsrichtung verlaufenden Mittelebenen, einschließt. Die Vertiefungen, die die nichtaktiven Flächen bilden, weisen überall im wesentlichen die gleiche Tiefe auf, und zwar bei einer Mindesttiefe von 3 mm. Die aktiven Flächen der Noppen und die Oberfläche des umlaufenden Randes sind ferner so gestaltet, daß diese im unbelasteten Zustand eine im wesentlichen ebene Auflagefläche bilden.
  • Bei der Zwischenlage 1 ist die Gesamtfläche aller Noppen ≥ der Gesamtfläche der nichtaktiven Flächen aller Vertiefungen.
Before going into the elastic intermediate plate 3 according to the invention, the advantageous design variants of the elastic intermediate layer 1 must be mentioned. These are:
  • The intermediate layer 1 consists of a one-piece vulcanizate, in particular based on the same material as in the intermediate plate 3. The rubber content is 45 to 75% by weight, in particular 55 to 65% by weight.
  • The intermediate layer 1 has a substantially flat top, while its underside has a circumferential edge which is usually provided with at least one drainage channel running in the transverse direction of the rail, the edge being a system of knobs and depressions, preferably with an essentially mirror-symmetrical overall structure, with reference to the central planes running in the transverse direction of the rail and in the longitudinal direction of the rail. The depressions which form the non-active areas have essentially the same depth everywhere, with a minimum depth of 3 mm. The active surfaces of the knobs and the surface of the peripheral edge are also designed so that they form a substantially flat contact surface in the unloaded state.
  • In the case of the intermediate layer 1 , the total area of all knobs is ≥ the total area of the non-active areas of all depressions.

Nach Fig. 2 weist die elastische Zwischenplatte 3 drei Zonen A und B auf, wobei die Mittelzone B in Bezug auf das System aus Noppen und Vertiefungen eine andere Struktur besitzt als die beiden strukturgleichen Seitenzonen A, jedoch bei einer im wesentlichen spiegelsymmetrischen Gesamtstruktur, und zwar bezogen auf die in Schienenquerrichtung und in Schienenlängsrichtung verlaufenden Mittelebenen X und Y.According to FIG. 2, the elastic intermediate plate 3 has three zones A and B , the central zone B having a different structure with respect to the system of knobs and depressions than the two structurally identical side zones A, but with an essentially mirror-symmetrical overall structure, namely in relation to the central planes X and Y running in the transverse direction of the rail and in the longitudinal direction of the rail.

Der umlaufende Rand 9 ist insgesamt mit vier in Schienenquerrichtung verlaufenden Dränkanälen 18 ausgestattet, die dafür sorgen, daß eventuell eingedrungenes Wasser abfließen kann.The circumferential edge 9 is equipped with a total of four drainage channels 18 running in the transverse direction of the rails, which ensure that any water that has penetrated can drain off.

Der Rand 9 schließt ferner ein System aus Noppen und Vertiefungen ein. Dabei sind innerhalb des mittigen Bereiches der Mittelzone B vier Noppen 10 vorhanden, die getrennt zueinander angeordnet sind. Außerdem weist die Mittelzone B noch zwei stegförmige Noppen 11 auf, die im Bereich der in Schienenlängsrichtung verlaufenden Mittelebene Y angeordnet sind und dabei jeweils mit dem umlaufenden Rand 9 verbunden sind.The edge 9 also includes a system of knobs and depressions. There are four knobs 10 within the central region of the central zone B , which are arranged separately from one another. In addition, the central zone B also has two web-shaped knobs 11 which are arranged in the region of the central plane Y running in the longitudinal direction of the rail and are each connected to the peripheral edge 9 .

Die beiden Seitenzonen A weisen jeweils eine große Basisnoppe 12 auf, die im Bereich der in Schienenquerrichtung verlaufenden Mittelebene X angeordnet und mit dem umlaufenden Rand 9 verbunden ist, wobei jede Basisnoppe mit einer Durchbrechung 16 für die Schrauben der Schienenbefestigung versehen ist. Ferner ist jede Basisnoppe mit zwei in Schienenlängsrichtung verlaufenden Dränkanälen 17 versehen, und zwar unter Bildung einer zweiteiligen Basisnoppe 12a und 12b. Zwischen der Basisnoppe und dem umlaufenden Rand ist eine weitere Noppe 13 angeordnet, die nicht mit dem Rand verbunden ist und in Schienenquerrichtung ihre größte Erstreckungsdimension besitzt.The two side zones A each have a large base knob 12 which is arranged in the region of the central plane X running in the transverse direction of the rail and is connected to the circumferential edge 9 , each base knob being provided with an opening 16 for the screws of the rail fastening. Furthermore, each base knob is provided with two drainage channels 17 running in the longitudinal direction of the rail, specifically to form a two-part base knob 12a and 12b. A further knob 13 is arranged between the base knob and the peripheral edge, which knob is not connected to the edge and has its largest dimension in the transverse direction of the rail.

Fig. 3 zeigt nun eine modifizierte elastische Zwischenplatte 3'. Danach sind die aktiven Flächen der vier zentralen Noppen 10' wie auch die beiden stegförmigen Noppen 11' innerhalb der Mittelzone B wesentlich kleiner ausgebildet als im Rahmen des Ausführungsbeispieles gemäß Fig. 2. Gleichzeitig hat sich hier die nichtaktive Fläche der Vertiefung 14' deutlich vergrößert.Fig. 3 now shows a modified elastic intermediate plate 3 ' . Thereafter, the active areas of the four central knobs 10 ' as well as the two web-shaped knobs 11' within the central zone B are made substantially smaller than in the context of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2. At the same time, the non-active area of the depression 14 ' has increased significantly.

Was die Noppenkonstellation innerhalb der beiden strukturgleichen Seitenzonen A betrifft, so zeichnet sich diese zum einen dadurch aus, daß die mit einer Durchbrechung 16' versehene Basisnoppe 12' hier mit insgesamt fünf Dränkanälen 17' versehen ist, und zwar unter Bildung einer fünfteiligen Basisnoppe 12'a, 12'b und 12'c. Zum anderen sind zwischen der Basisnoppe und dem umlaufenden Rand 9' zwei Noppen 13' vorhanden, die getrennt zueinander angeordnet sind. Gegebenenfalls ist eine dritte Noppe 13' (gestrichelte Linienführung) vorhanden. Die Noppen 13' innerhalb der Seitenzone A weisen jeweils eine etwa gleich große aktive Fläche auf, die wiederum etwa gleich groß ist wie die aktive Fläche jeder Noppe 10' der Mittelzone B. With regard to the cone constellation within the two structurally identical side zones A , this is distinguished on the one hand by the fact that the base cone 12 ' provided with an opening 16' is provided here with a total of five drainage channels 17 ' , namely to form a five-part base cone 12' a, 12'b and 12'c. On the other hand, between the base knob and the peripheral edge 9 'there are two knobs 13' which are arranged separately from one another. A third knob 13 ' (dashed lines) may be present. The knobs 13 ' within the side zone A each have an approximately equal active area, which in turn is approximately the same size as the active area of each knob 10' in the central zone B.

Die elastischen Zwischenplatten 3, 3' gemäß Fig. 2 und 3 zeichnen sich durch folgende konstruktiven Besonderheiten aus:

  • Die nichtaktiven Flächen der Vertiefungen 14, 15 bzw. 14', 15' innerhalb der drei Zonen A, B bilden zugleich den Boden, der die geschlossene Begrenzung zur Oberseite der elastischen Zwischenplatte darstellt, wobei die nichtaktiven Flächen innerhalb der Mittelzone B tiefer liegen als die der beiden Seitenzonen A. Diesbezügliche konstruktive Details werden in Verbindung mit der Fig. 4 noch näher erläutert.
  • Die aktiven Flächen der Noppen 10, 11 bzw. 10', 11' innerhalb der Mittelzone B weisen eine kleinere Gesamtfläche auf als die der Noppen 12, 13 bzw. 12', 13' innerhalb jeder Seitenzone A. Der umlaufende Rand 9, 9' wird bei dieser Flächenbetrachtung nicht berücksichtigt.
  • Die beiden Seitenzonen A nehmen jeweils eine größere Fläche ein als die Mittelzone B, wobei hier der umlaufende Rand 9, 9' in die Flächenbetrachtung miteinbezogen wird.
  • Die Gesamtfläche der aktiven Flächen aller Noppen 10, 11, 12, 13 bzw. 10', 11', 12', 13' innerhalb der drei Zonen A, B ist ≤ der Gesamtfläche der nichtaktiven Flächen aller Vertiefungen 14, 15 bzw. 14', 15' innerhalb der drei Zonen A, B.
  • Die Mittelzone B besitzt eine Breite, und zwar bezogen auf die Schienenquerrichtung, die kleiner ist als die Breite des Schienenfußes.
  • Die aktiven Flächen der Noppen 10, 11, 12, 13 bzw. 10', 11', 12', 13' und die Oberfläche des umlaufenden Randes 9, 9' sind so gestaltet, daß diese im unbelasteten Zustand eine im wesentlichen ebene Auflagefläche bilden.
The elastic intermediate plates 3, 3 ' according to FIGS. 2 and 3 are characterized by the following design features:
  • The non-active surfaces of the depressions 14, 15 and 14 ', 15 ' within the three zones A, B also form the bottom, which represents the closed boundary to the top of the elastic intermediate plate, the non-active surfaces within the central zone B being lower than that of the two side zones A. Relevant structural details are explained in more detail in connection with FIG. 4.
  • The active areas of the knobs 10, 11 or 10 ', 11' within the central zone B have a smaller total area than that of the knobs 12 , 13 or 12 ' , 13' within each side zone A. The peripheral edge 9 , 9 ' is not taken into account in this area analysis.
  • The two side zones A each take up a larger area than the central zone B, with the peripheral edge 9, 9 'being included in the area analysis.
  • The total area of the active areas of all knobs 10, 11, 12, 13 and 10 ', 11', 12 ', 13' within the three zones A, B is ≤ the total area of the non-active areas of all depressions 14, 15 and 14 ' , 15 ' within the three zones A, B.
  • The central zone B has a width, in relation to the transverse direction of the rail, which is smaller than the width of the rail foot.
  • The active surfaces of the knobs 10, 11, 12, 13 or 10 ', 11', 12 ', 13' and the surface of the peripheral edge 9, 9 ' are designed so that they form an essentially flat contact surface in the unloaded state ,

Fig. 4 zeigt nun anhand der elastischen Zwischenplatte 3 gemäß Fig. 2 einige konstruktive Parameter auf. Diese sind:

  • Die Gesamtstärke u, bezogen auf die Gesamthöhe der aktiven Flächen der Noppen 10 und 12b, beträgt mindestens 10 mm, insbesondere jedoch 10 bis 12 mm.
  • die Mindesttiefe v der nichtaktiven Fläche der Vertiefung 15 innerhalb der Seitenzone A beträgt 3 mm, insbesondere 4 mm, und zwar bei einer im wesentlichen gleichbleibenden Tiefe v.
  • Die Mindesttiefe v' der nichtaktiven Fläche der Vertiefung 14 innerhalb der Mittelzone B ist wenigstens 1 mm, insbesondere wenigstens 2 mm, größer als die innerhalb der Seitenzone A, und zwar auch hier bei einer im wesentlichen gleichbleibenden Tiefe v'.
  • Die Mindeststärke w des Bodens 19 zwischen der nichtaktiven Fläche der Vertiefung 14 innerhalb der Mittelzone B und der Oberseite 20 beträgt 2 mm, insbesondere 3 mm.
FIG. 4 now shows some design parameters using the elastic intermediate plate 3 according to FIG. 2. These are:
  • The total thickness u , based on the total height of the active surfaces of the knobs 10 and 12b , is at least 10 mm, but in particular 10 to 12 mm.
  • the minimum depth v of the non-active surface of the recess 15 within the side zone A is 3 mm, in particular 4 mm, with a substantially constant depth v .
  • The minimum depth v 'of the non-active surface of the depression 14 within the central zone B is at least 1 mm, in particular at least 2 mm, greater than that within the side zone A , even here at a substantially constant depth v '.
  • The minimum thickness w of the base 19 between the non-active surface of the depression 14 within the central zone B and the upper side 20 is 2 mm, in particular 3 mm.

Fig. 5 hält nun Meßergebnisse (Mittelwert aus drei Messungen) der elastischen Zwischenplatte 3' gemäß Fig. 3 fest, und zwar ohne die dritte Noppe 13' (gestrichelte Linienführung), wobei auf der Ordinate die Kraft [kN] und auf der Abszisse der Weg [mm] aufgetragen ist. Die statische Sekantensteifigkeit wird nun aus der Kurve in dem Bereich von 15 kN (Untergrenze) und 50 kN (Obergrenze) gemessen und beträgt 20,3 kN/mm.Fig. 5 now records measurement results (mean value from three measurements) of the elastic intermediate plate 3 ' according to FIG. 3, without the third knob 13' (dashed lines), the force [kN] on the ordinate and the force on the abscissa Path [mm] is plotted. The static secant stiffness is now measured from the curve in the range of 15 kN (lower limit) and 50 kN (upper limit) and is 20.3 kN / mm.

Die elastische Zwischenplatte, die diesen Messungen zugrunde lag, bestand aus einem NR/SBR-Verschnitt mit einem Kautschukanteil von 55 bis 65 Gew.-%. Bei einer Plattendimension von 160 mm x 290 mm betrug die Breite des umlaufenden Randes 10 mm. Hinsichtlich der Konstruktionsparameter u, v, v' und w galten folgende Werte: u = 10mm v = 6 mm v' = 8 mm w = 2 mm The elastic intermediate plate on which these measurements were based consisted of an NR / SBR blend with a rubber content of 55 to 65% by weight. With a plate dimension of 160 mm x 290 mm, the width of the peripheral edge was 10 mm. With regard to the design parameters u, v, v ' and w , the following values applied: u = 10mm v = 6 mm v '= 8 mm w = 2 mm

Wie die Meßergebnisse verdeutlichen, wird die eingangs geforderte statische Sekantensteifigkeit erreicht. As the measurement results make clear, the static required initially Secant stiffness reached.

Ein weiterer Versuch hat ferner ergeben, daß die erfindungsgemäße elastische Zwischenplatte auch hinsichtlich des dynamischen Versteifungsfaktors das eingangs genannte Anforderungsprofil erfüllt.Another experiment has also shown that the elastic according to the invention Intermediate plate also with regard to the dynamic stiffening factor mentioned requirement profile met.

Claims (26)

  1. Rail arrangement for a track superstructure design like ballastless track, comprising an elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3') which is located between the rail foot and a hard support (6) and is usually provided with two openings (16, 16') for the bolts (7) of the rail fastening, whereby the elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3')
    consists of a one-piece vulcanised material, manufactured from a rubber mixture, in particular based on natural rubber (NR), epoxy natural rubber (ENR), isoprene rubber (IR), butadiene rubber (BR), acrylate rubber (ACM), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) or blends of these rubber types, in particular NR/SBR or NR/BR blends, and the usual mixture ingredients, such as fillers, plasticisers, anti-oxidants and possibly further additives;
    has an essentially plane upper side (20), whereas its underside exhibits a peripheral rim (9, 9') which is usually provided with at least one drainage channel (18, 18') running in the transverse direction of the rail, whereby the rim encloses a system of protrusions (10, 11, 12, 13; 10', 11', 12', 13') and recesses (14, 15; 14', 15') with preferably an essentially mirror symmetrical overall structure, related to the median planes (X, Y) running in the transverse direction of the rail and in the longitudinal direction of the rail, whereby the underside usually sits directly on the hard support (6) ; and
    exhibits three zones (A, B) which essentially extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rail, whereby the middle zone (B) in relation to the system of protrusions and recesses has a different structure to the two identically structured side zones (A), such that the middle zone (B) exhibits a greater rubber elastic deformability than the two side zones (A); whereby
    the recesses (14, 15; 14', 15') inside the three zones (A, B) are embodied as non-active areas which simultaneously form the bottom (19) which represents the closed boundary to the upper side (20) of the elastic intermediate sheet, whereby the non-active areas inside the middle zone (B) are lower than those of the two side zones (A) and moreover inside a zone (A, B) exhibit an essentially constant depth (v, v');
    the active areas of the protrusions (10, 11; 10', 11') inside the middle zone (B) exhibit a smaller overall area than that of the protrusions (12, 13; 12', 13') inside each side zone (A); and
    the two side zones (A) each enclose a larger area than the middle zone (B).
  2. Rail arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that in the case of the elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3') the minimum depth (v) of the non-active areas (15, 15') inside the two side zones (A) is 3 mm, in particular 4 mm.
  3. Rail arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that in the case of the elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3') the minimum depth (v') of the non-active areas (14, 14') inside the middle zone (B) is at least 1 mm, in particular at least 2 mm, greater than that inside the two side zones (A).
  4. Rail arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3') exhibits an overall thickness (u), related to the overall height of the active areas of the protrusions (10, 11, 12, 13; 10', 11', 12', 13'), of at least 10 mm, and preferably has an overall thickness (u) of 10 to 12 mm.
  5. Rail arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the minimum thickness (w) of the bottom (19) between the non-active areas (14, 14') inside the middle zone (B) and the upper side (20) of the elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3') is 2 mm, in particular 3 mm.
  6. Rail arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that in the case of the elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3'), the active areas of the protrusions (10, 11, 12, 13; 10', 11', 12', 13') and the surface of the peripheral rim (9, 9') are shaped so that these form an essentially plane supporting area in the unladen state.
  7. Rail arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that in the case of the elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3'), the overall area of the active areas of all the protrusions (10, 11, 12, 13; 10', 11', 12', 13') inside the three zones (A, B) is less than or equal to the overall area of the non-active areas of all the recesses (14, 15; 14', 15') inside the three zones (A, B).
  8. Rail arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the middle zone (B) of the elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3') exhibits at least one protrusion which is arranged inside the central area and is not connected to the rim (9, 9').
  9. Rail arrangement according to claim 8, characterised in that the middle zone (B) exhibits four protrusions (10, 10') which are arranged separate from one another.
  10. Rail arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the middle zone (B) of the elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3') exhibits two rib-like protrusions (11, 11') which are arranged in the area of the median plane (Y) running in the longitudinal direction of the rail and are each connected to the peripheral rim (9, 9').
  11. Rail arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the two side zones (A) of the elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3') each exhibit a large base protrusion (12, 12') which is arranged in the area of the median plane (X) running in the transverse direction of the rail and is preferably connected to the peripheral rim (9, 9'), whereby each base protrusion is usually provided with an opening (16, 16') for the bolts (7) of the rail fastening.
  12. Rail arrangement according to claim 11, characterised in that the base protrusion (12, 12') is provided with at least one drainage channel (17, 17') running in the longitudinal direction of the rail and/or transverse direction of the rail, forming a multi-part base protrusion (12a, 12b; 12'a, 12'b, 12'c).
  13. Rail arrangement according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that between the base protrusion (12, 12') and the peripheral rim (9, 9') there is in each case at least one further protrusion (13, 13') which is preferably not connected to the rim (9, 9').
  14. Rail arrangement according to claim 13, characterised in that between the base protrusion (12) and the peripheral rim (9) there is in each case only a single protrusion (13) which preferably exhibits its greatest extension dimension in the transverse direction of the rail.
  15. Rail arrangement according to claim 13, characterised in that between the base protrusion (12') and the peripheral rim (9') there are in each case two to three protrusions (13') which are arranged separate from one another.
  16. Rail arrangement according to claim 15, characterised in that the protrusions (13') arranged between the base protrusion (12') and the peripheral rim (9') each exhibit a roughly equal sized active area which again is preferably roughly the same size as the active area of each protrusion (10') present in the central area of the middle zone (B).
  17. Rail arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the middle zone (B) of the elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3') has a breadth, related to the transverse direction of the rail, which is smaller than the breadth of the rail foot.
  18. Rail arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterised in that the rubber content of the elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3') is 45 to 75% by weight, in particular 55 to 65% by weight.
  19. Rail arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterised in that the elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3') is arranged without the use of a further elastic intermediate layer between the rail foot and the hard support (6).
  20. Rail arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterised in that in a serial arrangement the elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3') is combined with an elastic intermediate layer (1) such that the additional intermediate layer comes to rest above the intermediate sheet directly underneath the rail foot, whereby the intermediate layer (1) is separated from the intermediate sheet (3, 3') by a base plate (2) made of metal which serves as rail fastening.
  21. Rail arrangement according to claim 20, characterised in that the additional elastic intermediate layer (1) consists of a one-piece vulcanised material, preferably on the basis of the same material as in the case of the elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3').
  22. Rail arrangement according to claim 20 or 21, characterised in that the additional elastic intermediate layer (1) has an essentially plane upper side, whereas its underside exhibits a peripheral rim which is usually provided with at least one drainage channel running in the transverse direction of the rail, whereby the rim encloses a system of protrusions and recesses with preferably an essentially mirror symmetrical overall structure, related to the median planes running in the transverse direction of the rail and in the longitudinal direction of the rail, whereby the recesses which form the non-active areas essentially exhibit the same depth overall, whereby further the active areas of the protrusions and the surface of the peripheral rim are shaped so that these form an essentially plane supporting surface in the unladen state.
  23. Rail arrangement according to claim 22, characterised in that the additional elastic intermediate layer (1) with an overall thickness of at least 7 mm, but which is usually less than the overall thickness (u) of the elastic intermediate sheet, exhibits a minimum depth in the non-active areas of 3 mm.
  24. Rail arrangement according to claim 22 or 23, characterised in that in the case of the elastic intermediate layer (1) the overall area of the active areas of all the protrusions is greater than or equal to the overall area of the non-active areas of all the recesses.
  25. Rail arrangement according to one of claims 20 to 24, characterised in that the elastic intermediate sheet (3, 3') takes up roughly double the area compared to the elastic intermediate layer (1).
  26. Rail arrangement according to one of claims 20 to 25, characterised in that the resulting spring stiffness is always less than the smallest individual spring stiffness.
EP98934818A 1997-06-18 1998-05-28 Rail arrangement Expired - Lifetime EP0990071B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19725638 1997-06-18
DE19725638 1997-06-18
DE19744147 1997-10-07
DE19744147 1997-10-07
PCT/DE1998/001460 WO1998058125A1 (en) 1997-06-18 1998-05-28 Rail arrangement

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EP0990071A1 EP0990071A1 (en) 2000-04-05
EP0990071B1 true EP0990071B1 (en) 2003-05-02

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JP (1) JP2002504203A (en)
KR (1) KR20010013239A (en)
CN (1) CN1107767C (en)
AT (1) ATE239138T1 (en)
AU (1) AU739329B2 (en)
DE (2) DE19823812A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2197484T3 (en)
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WO (1) WO1998058125A1 (en)

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US6471139B1 (en) 2002-10-29
HUP0004092A2 (en) 2001-04-28
DE59808177D1 (en) 2003-06-05
KR20010013239A (en) 2001-02-26
WO1998058125A1 (en) 1998-12-23
AU8431998A (en) 1999-01-04
ES2197484T3 (en) 2004-01-01
DE19823812A1 (en) 1998-12-24
CN1260850A (en) 2000-07-19
EP0990071A1 (en) 2000-04-05
JP2002504203A (en) 2002-02-05
HUP0004092A3 (en) 2001-05-28
CN1107767C (en) 2003-05-07
ATE239138T1 (en) 2003-05-15

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