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EP0975394B1 - Procede de destruction thermique de matieres dangereuses - Google Patents

Procede de destruction thermique de matieres dangereuses Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0975394B1
EP0975394B1 EP97920651A EP97920651A EP0975394B1 EP 0975394 B1 EP0975394 B1 EP 0975394B1 EP 97920651 A EP97920651 A EP 97920651A EP 97920651 A EP97920651 A EP 97920651A EP 0975394 B1 EP0975394 B1 EP 0975394B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
electric arc
electrode
materials
lance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97920651A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0975394A1 (fr
Inventor
Eugenio Repetto
Domenico Capodilupo
Alessandro Dulcetti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Acciai Speciali Terni SpA
Original Assignee
Acciai Speciali Terni SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Acciai Speciali Terni SpA filed Critical Acciai Speciali Terni SpA
Publication of EP0975394A1 publication Critical patent/EP0975394A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0975394B1 publication Critical patent/EP0975394B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/10—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation
    • A62D3/19—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation to plasma
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
    • A62D3/32—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by treatment in molten chemical reagent, e.g. salts or metals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/20—Organic substances
    • A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2203/00—Aspects of processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change in the substances
    • A62D2203/02—Combined processes involving two or more distinct steps covered by groups A62D3/10 - A62D3/40

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a process for eliminating hazardous materials, and more in particular regards a process for the thermal destruction of hazardous compounds, in particular of organic nature, for example, chlorinated compounds, such as PCBs, and materials polluted by such compounds.
  • the invention moreover refers to a device that is deemed to be optimal for carrying out said process.
  • US Patent 4.574.714 describes the use of a furnace containing a metal charge which is melted and brought to a desired temperature by any means, such as induction heating, electric arc, oxygen blowing and the like; the external source of heath is then turned off and the waste material introduced with oxygen below the surface of the molten bath.
  • the high temperature of the bath (2500-4000 °F) dissociates the organic molecules and the carbon thus released is oxidised to CO and CO 2 .
  • a purpose of present invention is thus to provide a reliable process for destroying hazardous compounds, in particular those of organic nature, such as chlorinated aromatic molecules, like PCBs.
  • Another purpose of this invention is also to guarantee that these pollutants, whether gaseous, liquid, or solid, will be completely eliminated even in concentrations of up to 100%.
  • Another purpose of the invention is to provide a simple and reliable device, operating with consolidated technologies, for putting the process into practice according to the invention.
  • the ratio between the internal free volume of the furnace and the volume of the metal bath is preferably between 5:1 and 2:1.
  • internal free volume inside of the furnace is meant the internal volume of the furnace that is not occupied by the metal bath or by components such as electrodes, slag, and the like, i.e., the volume that is effectively available for the gases developed by combustion of the materials to be destroyed.
  • a high value of this ratio allows said combustion gases to remain inside the furnace, subjected to the action of intense heating of the electric arc, of the metal bath and of the walls of the furnace itself, for a sufficiently long time to guarantee their reduction into innocuous or elementary gases. This time in which the gases remain inside the furnace is in excess of 3 seconds, and preferably over 6 seconds or, even more preferably, is between 8 and 15 seconds.
  • the furnace is obviously devised in such a way as to prevent any leakage of harmful gases; for example, it can be sealed, or preferably work in negative pressure.
  • the material to be destroyed which may be liquid, gaseous, or solid (in small-sized pieces), is directly fed into the area of the electric arc, where there exist plasma conditions or conditions that may be plasma-like, through an electrode having an axial hole in which there is inserted, in such a way as to be free to move, a special lance that can, if necessary, be cooled.
  • the material to be destroyed is in solid form, in pieces of sizes that are too large to be introduced through the electrode, it can be fed in the furnace, using special means of loading, directly into the molten bath.
  • a true plasma by feeding in a suitable gas, for example nitrogen or argon, through an annular passage created between the internal walls of the electrode, provided with an axial hole, and the external walls of the lance that can move freely inside the electrode.
  • a suitable gas for example nitrogen or argon
  • the combined action of the arc, the molten bath and the walls of the furnace guarantees both a particularly high treatment temperature and an exposure time that is amply sufficient, as mentioned above, for the complete dissociation of the materials to be treated according to the invention.
  • an oxidizing atmosphere is generated by sending in air or oxygen to favour the transformation of the residue of combustion of the materials being treated into innocuous compounds or anyway compounds that may readily be treated using normal chemical means.
  • the device that allows the embodiment of the process according to the present invention is an ordinary electric-arc furnace, as used in steelmaking, suitably modified, by means of gas-tight sealing or operation in negative pressure, to prevent any gas leakage into the environment, and is characterized by the use of at least one electrode having an axial hole and carrying in said hole a cooled metal lance that is free to move axially for feeding in the material to be treated.
  • this electrode has a mixed structure, with the lower part, which is closer to the molten bath and is expendable, made of graphite, and with the upper part made of metal and cooled by water.
  • the furnace may also communicate with a gas-tight chamber equipped with devices for feeding into the furnace the materials that are to be treated, if these are solid and are of such a size or consistency as to prevent their introduction through the lance.
  • the furnace according to the invention may be of the direct-current, single-electrode type and with conductive hearth.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour la destruction de matières dangereuses, dans lequel lesdites matières sont exposées dans un four à la chaleur radiante du bain de métal et des parois, caractérisé en ce que la matière elle-même est introduite dans l'arc électrique d'un four à arc électrique du type utilisé dans la fabrication de l'acier, qui contient un bain de métal fondu, par exemple de fonte ou d'acier ayant une température supérieure à 1.300°C, et dans le volume interne libre duquel four les gaz provenant de la combustion de ladite matière sont exposés à l'action irradiante principalement de l'arc électrique, pendant une période de temps supérieure à 3 secondes.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que des conditions de plasma sont créées dans la zone de l'arc électrique par apport d'un gaz approprié.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la matière à traiter est introduite par une lance qui est engagée axialement et est libre de se déplacer à l'intérieur d'une électrode creuse utilisée pour former ledit arc électrique.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit gaz est choisi parmi l'azote et l'argon et est introduit par un passage annulaire défini entre les parois internes de ladite électrode creuse et les parois externes de ladite lance.
  5. Procedé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite période de temps est supérieure à 6 secondes et de préférence entre 8 et 15 secondes.
  6. Dispositif pour la destruction thermique de matières toxiques nuisibles, constitué d'un four à arc électrique du type utilisé dans la fabrication de l'acier, scellé ou fonctionnant sous pression négative pour empêcher toute fuite de gaz dans l'environnement, caractérisé par l'utilisation, pour former un arc électrique, d'au moins une électrode ayant un trou axial et portant dans ledit trou une lance de métal qui est libre de se déplacer axialement pour introduire la matière à traiter directement dans la zone de l'arc électrique.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par la présence, entre l'électrode creuse et la lance qui peut être déplacée librement à l'intérieur de l'électrode, d'un passage annulaire pour introduire un gaz approprié à la formation du plasma dans la zone de l'arc électrique.
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ladite électrode a une structure mixte, la partie inférieure qui est plus proche du bain de métal fondu et est extensible, étant faite en graphite, et la partie supérieure étant faite en métal et refroidie par eau.
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il est en outre équipé d'une chambre étanche aux gaz communiquant avec l'intérieur du four, équipé de dispositifs pour introduire dans le four des matières solides qui doivent subir le traitement.
EP97920651A 1997-04-10 1997-04-10 Procede de destruction thermique de matieres dangereuses Expired - Lifetime EP0975394B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP1997/001797 WO1998044992A1 (fr) 1997-04-10 1997-04-10 Procede de destruction thermique de matieres dangereuses

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0975394A1 EP0975394A1 (fr) 2000-02-02
EP0975394B1 true EP0975394B1 (fr) 2002-06-26

Family

ID=8166581

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97920651A Expired - Lifetime EP0975394B1 (fr) 1997-04-10 1997-04-10 Procede de destruction thermique de matieres dangereuses

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0975394B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE219697T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2695697A (fr)
DE (1) DE69713626T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2179328T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998044992A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4574714A (en) * 1984-11-08 1986-03-11 United States Steel Corporation Destruction of toxic chemicals
FR2689213B1 (fr) * 1992-03-31 1994-09-09 Trepaud Procédé et installation de vitrification de déchets.
FR2708217B1 (fr) * 1993-07-28 1995-10-06 Europlasma Procédé d'inertage par torche à plasma de produits contenant des métaux, en particulier des métaux lourds et installation pour sa mise en Óoeuvre.
RU2038537C1 (ru) * 1993-08-10 1995-06-27 Гонопольский Адам Михайлович Способ термической переработки отходов и устройство для его осуществления

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0975394A1 (fr) 2000-02-02
ES2179328T3 (es) 2003-01-16
AU2695697A (en) 1998-10-30
WO1998044992A1 (fr) 1998-10-15
DE69713626T2 (de) 2003-02-06
DE69713626D1 (de) 2002-08-01
ATE219697T1 (de) 2002-07-15

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