EP0963252B1 - Method and device for charging and operating an installation such as a hammer crusher to crush recyclable waste materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for charging and operating an installation such as a hammer crusher to crush recyclable waste materials, wherein said waste materials (4) are drawn in by at least one driven roller (2, 6), they are fed for crushing in substantially homogeneous quantities, and data is collected during the charging and crushing process in order to obtain and regulate operating parameters for the feeding of waste material and for an optimized energy consumption and operational crushing process.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a method and the associated device for charging and operating a plant such as hammer crushers for crushing recyclable materials old metal goods, such as Old automobiles and / or packaged scrap, by means of a feed device in a continuous loading process.

State of the art

In known systems of this type, there is the problem of ensuring that the operational sequence, because of the difficult to define values, such as the quantity and geometry of the old material to be abandoned, ensures a largely continuous process sequence from the feeding through the comminution to the removal of the comminuted material for further processing.
According to EP 0 203 026 A2, a process sequence for a stone crusher is described, in which data for the crusher are recorded and evaluated between the loading process and the crushing process. For the implementation of this method it must be assumed that the rock to be shredded has a relatively homogeneous mineral structure and that rock breakers are easier to control in this respect. Therefore, the solution to the problem is simply to control data from a fill level sensor and a breaker power sensor via a PID controller each as a control signal for changing the speed of the drive of the loading device.

In US 3,545,690 a hammer crusher with a loading device described, which controls the speed of the metal to be fed, also hydraulic means for lifting and lowering the loading unit are provided. The essence of this invention is determined on the one hand prevent the metal from being drawn in at a higher speed and on the other hand, to design the loading device in a structurally safe manner.

With the functional and constructional design of a feed chute already dealt with the plant disclosed in US 3,335,967 for crushing Car bodies. Here are control means for the current flow of the drive motors provided in order to be able to react to overload situations.

The elimination of the fluctuations of crushing stress by a The purpose of recording the level of waste to be collected is to Feed device for a waste shredder according to JP 03012244. For this purpose, on the inner bottom surface of the feed chute detects the level of the feed material and the speed of the corresponding drive motor is controlled. Continue to be done influencing the hydraulic cylinders and checking the speed of the Motors for the feeder.

The hammer crusher previously developed by the applicant according to EP 0 458 059 already shows a feed device, which is essentially a loading chute, a Press cover and two rollers and a pivot lever.

Finally, the improved shredder according to BE 1006965 integrates one Feeding unit, which is a compact combination of housing and function Represents task means.

• Verschleiß der technischen Mittel der Aufgabevorrichtung,
• Beseitigung des sogenannten Bananeneffekts durch einseitigen Walzendruck auf den einzuziehenden Schrott,
• Vermeidung von Aufgabestaus,
• das Nichtvorliegen von Auslastungsdaten des Zerkleinerungsprozesses für einen differenzierten Beschickungsablauf,
• eintretende Störungen und
• fehlende kompakte Integration sämtlicher peripherer Aggregate in die Gesamtanlage

in ihrer Komplexität ungelöst.The evaluation of the state of the art outlined above allows general conclusions to be drawn as to the problem of the process of feeding the old material to be shredded. However, the disadvantages so far are how

• Wear of the technical means of the feed device,
• Elimination of the so-called banana effect by one-sided roller pressure on the scrap to be drawn in,
• Avoidance of task congestion,
• the absence of utilization data of the shredding process for a differentiated loading process,
• occurring faults and
• lack of compact integration of all peripheral units in the overall system

unresolved in its complexity.

Presentation of the invention

In contrast, the invention is based on the object, the aforementioned To eliminate disadvantages and depending on the material to be abandoned metal-containing old goods on the one hand a largely continuous feed for the Securing the shredding process and on the other hand by drawing conclusions from the Shredding process to control the operation in an energy-optimized manner so that it does not only the speed of the loading device is influenced.

According to the invention, this is according to the method features Claims 1 to 6 and by means of the process realizing Feed device features solved the claims 7 to 18.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention is illustrated in several versions with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1

die Gesamtansicht einer Zerkleinerungsmaschine, ein sogenannter ZERDIRATOR®, zum Zerkleinern von Alt-Gütern 4 (Fig. 4), wie z.B. Altkarossen von Automobilen, ohne nachgeordnete Entstaubung mit der erfindungsgemäßen Zuführung,

Fig. 2

die Ausführung einer erfindungsgemäßen, perspektivisch dargestellten Zuführeinrichtung, insbesondere gesehen im Bereich der Übergabe des Alt-Gutes 4 zur Zerkleinerungsmaschine 9 (Fig. 1),

Fig. 3

eine Ausführung eines Hebelsystems 3 mit Lagerung einer Walze 2 in perspektivischer Ansicht und

Fig. 4

eine Ausführung der Zuführeinrichtung mit der oberen Walze 2 vorgelagertem Preßdeckel 7 in Seitenansicht für besonders sperriges Altgut,

a) mit hochgestelltem Preßdeckel 7 und

b) mit Preßdeckel 7 in vorverdichtender Funktion.

Show in the drawings

Fig. 1

the overall view of a comminution machine, a so-called ZERDIRATOR®, for comminuting old goods 4 (FIG. 4), such as old bodies of automobiles, without subsequent dedusting with the feed according to the invention,

Fig. 2

the implementation of a feed device according to the invention, shown in perspective, particularly seen in the area of the transfer of the old material 4 to the comminution machine 9 (FIG. 1),

Fig. 3

an embodiment of a lever system 3 with storage of a roller 2 in a perspective view and

Fig. 4

an embodiment of the feed device with the upper roller 2 upstream press lid 7 in side view for particularly bulky old goods,

a) with raised press cover 7 and

b) with press cover 7 in a pre-compacting function.

Best way to carry out the invention

In the following embodiment, the interrelationship is more understandable first the feed device according to the invention described.

• ein Verschleiß der Ladeschurre 1.1 unter der oberen Walze 2 vermieden wird,
• der sogenannte nachteilige Bananeneffekt durch den einseitigen Walzendruck, infolge dessen sich der Schrott nach oben krümmt und die Eintrittsöffnung zur Zerkleinerung verfehlt, nicht eintritt und
• doppelte obere Andruckwalzen vermeidbar sind, die zum Aufgabestau führen würden.

1 to 4, a housing 1 with an integrated loading chute 1.1 and an upper, driven roller 2 is arranged upstream of a comminution machine 9. 3, the roller 2 is mounted in a lever system 3 and is guided in the side walls 1.2 so that it can pivot. The lever system 3 is supported both as bearings 3.1 in the housing 1 and against the pressure of hydraulic cylinders attached to the housing as force generating elements 3.2. The distance between the upper roller 2 and a base 1.3 can thus be regulated in order to achieve a pressure acting on a waste material to be fed. At the same time, the area (view according to FIG. 2) of the transfer of the old goods 4 from the loading chute 1.1 for comminution is limited by the upper roller 2, which is adjustable in height to the floor 1.3, and the side walls 1.2 in the housing 1. 1, means 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 for recording data during feeding and for recording operating values of the shredding process for evaluating and controlling required operating data from a control center 5 of the shredding machine 9 are also provided.
In addition, it is essential for the invention that the housing 1 with loading chute 1.1 is designed as a compact unit with the integrated, already mentioned features.
This property, which is important for the process sequence to be presented, is achieved constructively by the fact that the supply unit has been significantly reduced in terms of its variety of parts and a hydraulic drive unit is located in a closed space under the loading chute 1.1 in the housing 1, as a result of which the old material to be shredded is “short distances” -Good 4 can be influenced significantly on the entire operating process of the plant.
To support this compactness, the lever system 3 consists of two parallel levers 3.3 which are arranged in the knee 3.4 and which hold the upper roller 2 in bearings 2.1 at the ends of the front lever arms and are each connected to the hydraulic cylinders as force-generating elements 3.2 at the ends of the lower lever arms , In the area of the knees 3.4, the angle levers 3.3 have a connection which ensures the parallel distance and the practically torsion-free state of the lever system 3, which is of functional importance for the process sequence according to the invention.
The driven lower roller 6 provided in the floor 1.3 of the loading chute 1.1 has an advantageous effect on the method of feeding, whereby

• wear of the loading chute 1.1 under the upper roller 2 is avoided,
• the so-called disadvantageous banana effect due to the one-sided roller pressure, as a result of which the scrap bends upwards and misses the inlet opening for comminution, does not occur and
• double upper pressure rollers are avoidable, which would lead to feed jam.

The lower roller 6 can advantageously be lifted up by crane. So that's it possible to expand this in one working shift. The area of the roller 6 is after sealed below and to the side. Dirt and liquids at this point penetrate through the gap between roller 6 and loading chute 1.1, are safe caught and forwarded into a material discharge channel.

The entire feed unit is driven by a closed hydraulic circuit, an electrohydraulic drive being provided for driving the roller 2 is. The hydraulic drive is power-controlled: for light scrap to be abandoned high throughput is achieved, with more problematic scrap there is immediately a high one Torque ready. This drive for the rollers 2 and 6 is not closer here shown.

The feed unit according to the invention enables a contact pressure of, for example, 500 kN. Normally, the upper roller 2 weighs on the old material 4 fed in with its own weight; in the case of bulky material, a hydraulic contact pressure can also be activated.
It is advantageous that the pressing and conveying of the old goods 4 as previously separate work steps can now be carried out simultaneously.
In order to support this, the lever system 3, as described, is stiffened against lateral twisting, so that it cannot twist when the old material 4 that is supplied yields less on one side than on the other. Even with difficult materials, it is now possible to use the installed engine power without interruptions. Above all, the embodiment according to the invention offers greater security when processing parcel scrap, since here too, as a result of the contact pressure transmitted by the upper roller 2, a relatively uniform supply of the old material for comminution is ensured.
At the same time the lever system 3 is provided with a side shield which serves as a splash guard; If material splinters under the pressure of the drive rollers, it catches the parts that fly away.

A hydraulically operated press cover 7 is provided for particularly bulky material. It compresses the feed material that is in front of the rollers 2, 6 on the Loading chute 1.1 is located, so that it is better gripped and in the shredder can be pressed.

This feed unit according to the invention with the effect of the invention supporting configurations according to claims 8 to 18 for the Shredding machine 9 essentially provides the functionally required Entire for carrying out the subsequently described invention Procedure.

In order to feed and operate a system for shredding recyclable waste 4 (FIG. 4), such as, for example, bodies of waste automobiles and / or packaged scrap, using the feed device described above in a largely continuous loading process, waste 4 is passed through the driven rollers 2, 6 are drawn in, fed to the comminution in a largely uniform amount, data on the one hand being recorded during the feeding or the charging process as for the uniform amount, and on the other hand data of the comminution process being recorded via means 5.2 in order to control parameters for to win the operation of the system via the means 5.3 in the control center 5. As a result, the old material 4 can be fed to the shredder in an energy and operation-optimized manner.
During the loading process, the throughput is controlled according to the parameters from recovered data of the shredding process, such as piece size and / or machine utilization, by subsequently setting the values for the feed speed and the required feed torque and / or the contact pressure for at least one of the rollers 2, 6 these values for the throughput of the old material 4 to be shredded are recorded and entered for the performance data of the shredding process, finally the utilization data of the shredding process are controlled for a differentiated loading process, thereby occurring disturbances, interruptions, effects of errors and / or fluctuations in the operating process as signals for the control of the energy-optimized operation of the system up to the automatic interruption of the system operation are processed and by means of constantly evaluated online data from the respective event points / locations r the respective operating state of the system in the control center 5 can be represented and understood.

The method features according to one of the claims can be based on this basic principle 2 to 6 in addition and the invention can be further expanded.

Industrial applicability

Overall, the prerequisites are created with the invention comparatively the same drive power data and sizes previously known Shredding systems increase throughput and are controlled according to the process the crushing a largely uniformly pre-compacted in cross-section Feed strand.

Claims (18)

1. A method for charging and operating an installation for crushing recyclable waste materials (4) of any kind, such as for example used car chassis and/or bundled scrap, by means of a feed mechanism in a continuous charging cycle, comprising the procedural steps of drawing in of the waste material (4) by means of at least one driven roller (2, 6), feeding the waste material (4) in a substantially homogeneous quantity for crushing and collecting data during the charging cycle and crushing process for obtaining and regulating operating parameters for the feeding of waste material (4) and an optimised energy consumption and operational crushing process, characterised in that for automatic cycling from supply to discharge of the crushed waste material (4)

   a) values are set for the feed rate and the required draw-in torque and/or the contact pressure for at least one of the rollers (2, 6),

   b) then these values for the throughput of the waste material (4) to be crushed are obtained and input for the output data of the crushing process,

   c) finally the charge data of the crushing process for a differentiated charging cycle are input,

   d) incidental faults, interruptions, effects of errors and/or fluctuations in the operating cycle are processed as signals for controlling the optimum energy operation of the installation including automatic interruption of the installation operation, and

   e) by means of constantly evaluated online data from the respective event points/sites the respective operating status of the installation is displayed and traced in a control centre (5).
2. The method as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that for recognising self-correcting destruction events and avoiding breaks of the machine elements such machine conditions as balance errors, vibrations, resonances and/or unpitched sound, are collected, evaluated and used if required for prompt shutdown of the installation.
3. The method as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterised by the use of at least one overload protection unit installed at a site in the installation.
4. The method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised by the use of a program with hardware for collecting and evaluating the data for the operating cycle.
5. The method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the current of a drive motor and/or the speed of a crushing machine (9) are used for a continuous regulating of the feed rate of the waste material (4).
6. The method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised by automatic feed of the waste material (4) by the recognition/evaluation of at least one of the conditions

   a) waste material (4) in the charging chute (1.1),

   b) waste material (4) in front of at least one of the rollers (2, 6),

   c) conveyed and/or compacted waste material (4) in the transition region to the crushing machine (9),

   d) extent of the loading of the drive motor of the crushing machine (9),

   e) extent of the loading of at least one of the rollers (2, 6).
7. A feeding device for carrying out the process as claimed in Claim 1, comprising a housing with integrated, laterally restricted, steep plane as charging chute and an upper roller which is driven and adjustable with respect to the contact pressure, comprising

   arrangement of the upper roller (2) in a lever system (3), swivelling guiding of the roller (3) in side walls (1.2) of the housing (1) and support of the lever system (3) both via bearings (3.1) in the housing (1) and against the, pressure of at least one power-generating element (3.2) effecting adjustment of the distance between the roller (2) and a floor (1.3) of the charging chute (1.1),

   limiting of the region of transfer of the waste material (4) from the charging chute (1.1) to crushing by the roller (2) adjustable in height to the floor (1.3) and the side walls (1.2) in the housing (1),

   means (5.1, 5.2) for collecting data during the charging cycle and crushing process and means (5.3) for inputting operating data required therefor and

   configuration of the housing (1) as a compact structural unit,

   characterised in that the lever system (3) comprises two parallel arranged angle levers (3.3) which accommodate the roller (2) in bearings (2.1) at the ends of the front lever arms, in that the angle levers (3.3) are supported in the knee (3.4) on the housing (1) in bearings (3.1) and in each case are attached by the ends of the lower lever arms to a power-generating element (3.2), which are supported on the housing (1), whereby the angle levers (3) at least in the region of the knee (3.4) have a connection ensuring the parallel distance and the practically torsion-free state of the lever systems (3) and the housing (1) takes up at least one power-generating element (3.2) or at least one drive unit.
8. The feeding device as claimed in Claim 7, characterised in that the charging chute (1.1) in the floor (1.3) takes up at least one lower driven roller (6) which is borne in the housing (1).
9. The feeding device as claimed in Claim 7 or 8, characterised in that a tympan (7) is arranged upstream of the upper roller (2).
10. The feeding device as claimed in any one of Claims 7 to 9, characterised in that the power-generating element (3.2) is a hydraulic cylinder with pistons for pressurisation of the upper roller (2) by means of the angle levers (3.3).
11. The feeding device as claimed in any one of Claims, 7 to 10, characterised in that a drive unit is provided to drive at least one of the rollers (2, 6).
12. The feeding device as claimed in any one of Claims 7 to 11, characterised in that at least one of the rollers (2, 6) has flanged wheels with stripping function for profile-definable guiding of the waste material (4) quasi precompacted into a billet.
13. The feeding device as claimed in any one of Claims 7 to 12, characterised in that at least one the rollers (2, 6) is connected to a hydraulic drive.
14. The feeding device as claimed in any one of Claims 7 to 13, characterised in that exchangeable friction plates (8) are provided at least in the region downstream of the lower roller (6).
15. The feeding device as claimed in any one of Claims 7 to 14, characterised in that the means (5.1) for collecting data or conditions during the charging cycle have at least one microwave barrier.
16. The feeding device as claimed in any one of Claims 7 to 15, characterised in that the means (5.2) for collecting data or conditions of the crushing process record current values of the drive motor and/or speed values of the rotor of the crushing machine (9).
17. The feeding device as claimed in any one of Claims 7 to 16, characterised in that a hydrostatic drive is provided for the roller (2).
18. The feeding device as claimed in any one of Claims 7 to 17, characterised in that the means (5.1) for collecting data or conditions during the charging cycle record the fluid pressure of the electrohydraulic drive of the roller (2).

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