EP0960707A2 - Tile making press - Google Patents

Abstract

• mit einem Ständer (2),
• mit einem am Ständer (2) vorgesehenen Amboß (15),
• mit einer oder mehreren auf dem Amboß (15) vorgesehenen Unterformen (17)
• mit einem Druckstück (3), welches am Ständer (2) auf und ab beweglich geführt ist,
• mit einem das Druckstück (3) bewegenden Antriebsaggregat (5),
• mit einer der Anzahl der Unterformen (17) entsprechenden Anzahl Oberformen (7), welche über den Unterformen (17) an der Unterseite des Druckstücks (3) angebracht sind,
• mit einer Beladevorrichtung (20, 21), welche auf der einen Seite des Ständers (2) angeordnet ist, und
• mit einer Entladevorrichtung (22, 23), welche auf der anderen Seite des Ständers (2) angeordnet ist,
  wobei die Beladevorrichtung (20, 21) und die Entladevorrichtung (22, 23) an zueinander parallelen Führungen (10, 14) verschieblich gelagert sind, welche von der einen Seite des Ständers (2) durch den vom Ständer (2) umgrenzten Raum zur anderen Seite des Ständers (2) geführt, am Ständer (2) mittelbar oder unmittelbar befestigt und in solchem gegenseitigen Abstand angeordnet sind, daß die sich auf und ab bewegenden Oberformen (7) zwischen den Führungsstangen (10, 14) hindurchtreten können.

Roof tile press

• with a stand (2),
• with an anvil (15) provided on the stand (2),
• with one or more lower molds (17) provided on the anvil (15)
• with a pressure piece (3) which is movably guided up and down on the stand (2),
• with a drive unit (5) moving the pressure piece (3),
• with a number of upper molds (7) corresponding to the number of lower molds (17), which are attached above the lower molds (17) on the underside of the pressure piece (3),
• with a loading device (20, 21) which is arranged on one side of the stand (2), and
• with an unloading device (22, 23) which is arranged on the other side of the stand (2),
  the loading device (20, 21) and the unloading device (22, 23) being displaceably mounted on mutually parallel guides (10, 14) which run from one side of the stand (2) through the space delimited by the stand (2) to the other Side of the stand (2) guided, directly or indirectly attached to the stand (2) and arranged at such a mutual distance that the upper molds (7) moving up and down can pass between the guide rods (10, 14).

Description

The invention is based on a roof tile press with a stand, with a anvil provided on the stand, with one or more provided on the anvil Underform, with a pressure piece, which on the stand up and down is movably guided, with a drive unit moving the pressure piece, with a number of upper molds corresponding to the number of lower molds, which are attached above the lower molds on the underside of the pressure piece, with a loading device, which is arranged on one side of the stand and with an unloading device which is on the other side of the stand is arranged. Such a roof tile press is known from WO96 / 32237. It has several sub-forms on and on a divided anvil a same in the stand up and down movable pressure piece Number of upper molds that work with the lower molds. On the One side of the stand has a loading device attached to it Sheets of tiles to be pressed are placed in the lower molds. On the On the other side of the stand, an unloading device is attached, which the in removes molded roof tile blanks from the lower mold from the press. The Batzen are brought up on a roller conveyor and the roof tile blanks conveyed on a roller conveyor

The loading device has guides on which a carriage with a suction lifting device runs, which picks up the slugs from the roller conveyor, into the open one Press between the upper molds and lower molds and the Put chunks in the lower molds. The has a similar structure Removal device.

The well-known roof tile press works with open forms. With open forms is worked with 20% to 50% excess material, depending on the type of roof tile. The excess material of the slug to be formed occurs laterally between the Upper form and the lower form, which is why the forms referred to as open forms become. Open forms are mainly used as a plaster cast forming roof tile. Due to the highly porous surface of the plaster and due to the water film that forms when the roof tile blank is formed the roof tile blank is sucked into the plaster mold from a chunk. In order to remove the roof tile blank, large release forces must therefore be of the order of 3000 to 5000 N can be overcome, many times are higher than when working with closed forms.

When the mold is closed, you work with chunks, the size of which is measured in this way is that there is at most 1% to 2% excess material. Because when pressing higher pressures are required in closed molds than in open molds Molds, closed molds are made from a cast steel alloy, which are sprayed with kerosene as a release agent. It is also known to use air ejectors for the roof tile blank with closed steel molds, which are evident in the frequently changing open plaster molds Could not enforce cost reasons so far.

In order to remove the roof tiles from a press in the entrance mentioned type occurring high removal forces without damage to the roof tile blanks To be able to apply it requires a stiff training and strong Support of the unloading device. That is with the from the WO 96/32237 known roof tile press difficult because the slide with the Suction lifting device, which has to remove the roof tile blanks, with a cantilevered and bent arm in the area between Upper form and lower form must intervene. Therefore, on the roof tile blanks when detached, tilting moments affect the shape of the roof tile blanks affect. Also the trimming work done by the suction lifter usually be made on the roof tile blank (see Suction devices surrounded by a so-called knife box) can under under the circumstances described with the desired accuracy become.

It is also known to insert the lumps and remove the roof tile blanks with the help of installed on both sides of the roof tile press Robots with one arm in the area between the lower mold and engage the upper form. This solution is extremely complex and because of the required length of the robot arms and the to be attached Removal forces even less favorable than the technology known from WO 96/32237.

Up to now, roof tile presses with open forms have usually been used as turret presses or swivel beam presses, for example as in DE 43 44 636 C1. The subforms are either on one hexagonal drum, which can be moved up and down under a step Pressure piece is moved through and thereby an obliquely upward loading station and on the other side of the press stand at an angle unloading station on the other side of the press stand. In a swivel beam press, as shown in DE 43 44 636 C1 Instead of a hexagonal drum, a swivel bar, which is between a loading station that is inclined upwards and an inclined one upward unloading station swings back and forth. The loading device and the unloading device are designed to be pivotable in both cases, a movement between the obliquely upward-facing lower mold and a to be able to carry out horizontal conveyor belt. Such loading and unloading devices can, however, due to their special, on the structure of the turret press or swivel beam press on a coordinated sequence of movements not transfer an anvil press, as shown in WO 96/32237 become.

The present invention has for its object to show a way, as in an anvil press roof tile press of the type mentioned, especially if it works with open forms, loading and in particular unloading with structurally simpler means and achieving a high dimensional and shape retention the pressed roof tile blanks can be accomplished.

This object is achieved by a roof tile press having the features in claim 1 specified features. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of subclaims.

According to the invention, the loading device and the roof tile press Unloading device slidably mounted on parallel guides, which from one side of the stand is bordered by that of the stand Room led to the other side of the stand, directly or indirectly on the stand attached and arranged at such a mutual distance that the stepping up and down moving upper forms between the guides can. In this way it is also possible to use a roof tile press fixed anvil the trimming work on the pressed roof tile blank exactly vertically from top to bottom and the roof tile blank exactly to lift vertically up out of the lower mold, creating a high Dimensional stability and dimensional stability of the roof tile blank is guaranteed. Bending stresses in the removal device, which at the state of the Technique for an oblique attack of the trimming tool and for an oblique Loosen the roof tile blank from the lower mold not according to the invention, because the support of the actual lifting device can be done exactly vertically above the lower molds because the guides for the loading device and the unloading device not on both sides in front of the Forms end, but by the bounded by the stand of the roof tile press Are passed through. The guides themselves, which are preferred to guide rods can be rigid without difficulty designed and supported with sufficient stability, e.g. on their own tripods both sides of the stand of the roof tile press, being anchored by the tripods additionally provided for the guides on the floor on which the roof tile press is set up, effectively an anchoring on the stand of the roof tile press, e.g. in that the leadership, in particular additionally, also directly connected to the stand of the roof tile press is what is preferred. The indirect or in particular the immediate Connection of the guides with the stand of the roof tile press is in connection with the guides crossing the tile press, an important one Precondition for the exact guiding and moving of the loading and unloading devices relative to the fixed sub-forms.

The invention is particularly suitable for anvil presses which have open shapes use, because with these the release forces for the roof tile blanks from the Lower molds are larger than with roof tile presses that are closed Steel molds work and because on the other hand those that have to be applied during pressing Forces are lower than for presses with closed steel molds work so that the guides not only on the outside of the pressure piece, but, as preferred in accordance with the invention, on both sides of each upper shape Open recesses of the pressure piece can run below. Such recesses in the pressure piece, which tends to increase the rigidity of the pressure piece can reduce, namely the lower compressive forces that occur during pressing occur in open forms, easier to achieve than when working with closed forms. It is an essential merit of the inventor that this resulting from the peculiarity of the anvil press working with open forms Possibility to have recognized and used what the state of the art for provided no suggestion.

Guides not only on one side and on the other side of the pressure piece to arrange, but also between two upper forms on the Underside of the pressure piece has the further advantage that the loading and unloading forces occurring in a particularly short way in two above one each subform arranged guides can be initiated. The guides all run parallel and expediently horizontally. In the Recesses between the upper forms could be two parallel to each other Provide guides to each formed from bottom and top molds Form a separate loading device and a separate unloading device to be able to provide. It is preferably located between two upper molds but only one leadership common to them, so that for example in the case of a pressure piece with four upper molds, a total of five parallel to one another Guided tours are needed. One expediently moves one onto this single loading device common to the molds and one common to the molds Unloading device, each on a common carriage. This allows a structurally particularly simple structure, which is not an independent one Loading and unloading of the individual molds is permitted, but neither is is necessary because the pressure piece the pressing process anyway for the whole who performs forms uniformly.

The loading and unloading devices expediently work, as is known per se, with suction devices to remove the lumps from one of the roof tile press lift to the leading conveyor and place it in the lower molds, and in order to remove the roof tile blanks pressed from the lower molds afterwards, to lift off and on a conveyor that transports them from the roof tile press, on the on the other side of the roof tile press arranged conveyor. For the Lifting, transferring and depositing the slab will only have a low suction power needed, which is determined by the weight of the batch. A conventional one is sufficient for this Suction plate. For releasing the pressed roof tile blanks from the As mentioned at the beginning, underforming requires a rather high force, which on the one hand, it must be applied as a suction force with which the lifting device must suck on the roof tile blank lying in the lower mold, and the on the other hand, it has to be applied as a detaching force around the sucked roof tile blank to lift out of the lower mold. Once that has been done, there will be more Only a small amount of force is required to move the roof tile blank. For the Movement of the lifting device in the removal device will therefore expediently used pressure-operated toggle levers, soft accordingly the knee lift characteristic near the extended position of the knee lever high forces can generate at low strokes. Another option is To use power cylinders, which work according to the wedge lever principle and design-related overcome a large stroke (the attack stroke) in a short time and in a previous or subsequent power stroke a much higher force than a conventional pneumatic cylinder with the same piston diameter inside a short way. The power cylinder is preferred pneumatically operated, but could also be hydraulic or by a spindle be driven.

Figur 1

zeigt die Dachziegelpresse in einer teilweise geschnittenen Seitenansicht,

Figur 2

zeigt die Dachziegelpresse aus Figur 1 in einer Vorderansicht ihres unteren Abschnittes, und

Figur 3

zeigt in vergrößertem Maßstab einen Ausschnitt aus Figur 1.

An embodiment of the invention is shown schematically in the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1

shows the roof tile press in a partially sectioned side view,

Figure 2

shows the roof tile press from Figure 1 in a front view of its lower portion, and

Figure 3

shows a section of Figure 1 on an enlarged scale.

The roof tile press has a stand 2, anchored to a floor 1, in which a pressure piece 3 in the form of a horizontal bar up and down stored and for this purpose with its ends in vertical guide devices 4 of the stand is guided. For moving the pressure piece 3 a drive unit 5 is provided at the top in the stand 2, which has a Toggle lever arrangement 6 acts on the pressure piece 3. The drive unit 5 can be a hydraulic cylinder, or an electric motor, which by means of a Spindle acts on the toggle lever arrangement 6.

On the underside of the pressure piece 3, four upper molds 7 are spaced next to one another arranged. The clamping surfaces 8 for the upper molds 7 on the underside of the pressure piece 3 are separated from one another by recesses 9, which runs horizontally from one side to the other through the Extend thrust piece 3 and are open towards the bottom, on both sides the arrangement of the upper molds 7 are below the ends of the Pressure piece 3 two mutually parallel guide rods 10, which differ from a tripod 11 on one side of the stand 2 by the bordered by the stand 2 Room through to a tripod 12 on the other side of the stand 2 extend and on these tripods 11 and 12 and on the stand 2 itself are directly attached, which is indicated in Figure 1 by tabs 13. Three further guide rods 14 run parallel and at the same height to the guide rods 10 in the three recesses 9 and are on the stands 11 and 12 attached. The other guide rods 14 are advantageous, but unnecessary.

Each upper mold 7 is assigned a lower mold 17, which is on a stationary in the Stand 2 arranged anvil 15 is clamped. The anvils can be individually be anchored in the stand 2, but can also be combined to form a structural unit be, with recesses 16 between the subforms 17 are present, which is between the anvils 15 or in which a uniform Extend the anvil 15 forming the assembly, as shown in FIG. 2, so that when closing the molds excess material from all sides can emerge from the forms, fall off and be transported away, as in the WO 96/32237.

The lower molds 17 are located directly below the upper molds 7 preferably open plaster molds; instead of the open plaster molds open molds covered with a rubber blanket can also be used are.

A roller conveyor 18 is provided on one side of the roof tile press, on which piece 19 of the still moist ceramic material to be molded be promoted. Instead of the roller conveyor 18, a Belt conveyors are used. The chunks 19 are usually thereby formed that they are cut from a strand emerging from an extruder become.

On the same side of the roof tile press is a slide 20 with a suction plate 21 slidably mounted on the guide rods 10, 14. The suction plate 21 is liftable and lowerable on the slide 20 and is used to on the Roller conveyor 18 sucked up batches 19, from the roller conveyor 18 take off, along the guide rods 10 and 14 in the roof tile press to be transported to a position vertically above the lower molds 17 and in to file them. Since four sub-molds 17 are provided, four chunks are made 19 simultaneously taken up side by side and placed in the lower molds 17. The carriage 20 then moves back into the position shown in FIG pick up next batches 19. The pressure piece 3 is then moved downwards to press the upper molds 7 against the lower molds 17 and the molds thereby closing, whereby the lumps are reshaped and the excess Material of the bats emerges laterally from the open forms and falls off. Once this has been done, the pressure piece 3 with the upper molds 7 is raised and a carriage 22 provided on the other side of the stand 2, which is displaceable on the same guide rods 10 and 14 moves into the open roof tile press and is positioned over the lower molds 17. A knife box 23 which is open at the bottom is suspended on the carriage 22, in which suction cups or suction plates, not shown, are arranged are. The circumference of the knife box 23 is determined by a frame-shaped knife formed, which determines the size of the roof tile blanks to be pressed and serves to trim the roof tile blanks and formed by the pressing to cut off any surrounding ridges. The knife box 23 is by means of toggle levers 24, which are actuated by a compressed air cylinder 25, exactly perpendicular and movable from, the lower end position is determined by stops 26. When the sled 22 is positioned exactly over the anvil 15, each will be over Lower mold 17 a knife box 23 lowered, trims the pressed roof tile blanks, and sucks onto them using the suction cups. Then they will Toggle lever 24 bent by actuating the air cylinder 25 and the roof tile blanks 28 is lifted from the lower molds 17 exactly vertically upwards; they are then moved out of the roof tile press with the carriage 22 in the position shown on the left side of the stand (see figures 1 and 3) and placed on a roller conveyor 27 provided there, which promotes the roof tile blanks 28. (In Figures 1 and 3 is the sled 22 shown in two positions, once exactly over the lower molds 17 and once in its position above the roller conveyor 27. There are not two such Carriage 22 provided one behind the other).

The recesses 9 in the pressure piece 3 are dimensioned so that the upper molds 7 can be placed on the lower molds 17 without the guide rods 10, 14 abut on the underside of the pressure piece 3.

Claims (12)

Roof tile press with a stand (2), with an anvil (15) provided on the stand (2), with one or more lower molds (17) provided on the anvil (15), with a pressure piece (3) which is movably guided up and down on the stand (2), with a drive unit (5) moving the pressure piece (3), with a number of upper molds (7) corresponding to the number of lower molds (17), which are attached above the lower molds (17) on the underside of the pressure piece (3), with a loading device (20, 21) which is arranged on one side of the stand (2), and with an unloading device (22, 23) which is arranged on the other side of the stand (2),
the loading device (20, 21) and the unloading device (22, 23) being displaceably mounted on mutually parallel guides (10, 14) which run from one side of the stand (2) through the space delimited by the stand (2) to the other Side of the stand (2) guided, directly or indirectly attached to the stand (2) and arranged at such a mutual distance that the upper molds (7) moving up and down can pass between the guides (10, 14). Roof tile press according to claim 1, characterized in that the guides (10, 14) are attached to separate stands (11, 12) which are arranged on one and the other side of the stand (2) of the roof tile press. Roof tile press according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a first guide (10) is arranged on one side and a second guide (10) on the other side of the pressure piece (3). Roof tile press according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressure piece (3) between the upper molds (7) has downwardly open recesses (9) from one side to the other of the roof tile press, through which additional guides (14) are passed. Roof tile press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molds formed from the lower mold (17) and upper mold (7) are open molds. Roof tile press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guides (10, 14) run horizontally. Roofing tile press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the loading device (20, 21) and the unloading device (22, 23) each have a slide (20, 22) which is displaceable on the guides (10, 14) and on which one works with suction Lifting devices (21, 23) are provided. Roof tile press according to claim 7, characterized in that a common carriage (20) is provided in the loading device and a common carriage (22) in the removal device for the number of molds (7, 17). Roof tile press according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that at least the lifting device (23-25) of the removal device is moved up and down by means of elements (24) actuated by pressure medium. Roof tile press according to claim 9, characterized in that the pressure-operated elements are toggle levers (24). Roof tile press according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that for actuating the lifting device (23-25) power cylinders are provided which operate according to the wedge lever principle. Roof tile press according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guides are designed as guide rods (10, 14).

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