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EP0836620A1 - Proteines anti-obesite - Google Patents

Proteines anti-obesite

Info

Publication number
EP0836620A1
EP0836620A1 EP96903648A EP96903648A EP0836620A1 EP 0836620 A1 EP0836620 A1 EP 0836620A1 EP 96903648 A EP96903648 A EP 96903648A EP 96903648 A EP96903648 A EP 96903648A EP 0836620 A1 EP0836620 A1 EP 0836620A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
xaa
leu
gin
ser
glu
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96903648A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Margret B. Basinski
Richard D. Dimarchi
David B. Flora
William F. Heath, Jr.
James A. Hoffmann
Brigitte E. Schoner
James E. Shields
David L. Smiley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eli Lilly and Co
Original Assignee
Eli Lilly and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/381,041 external-priority patent/US5567678A/en
Priority claimed from US08/381,370 external-priority patent/US5525705A/en
Priority claimed from US08/381,037 external-priority patent/US5563243A/en
Priority claimed from US08/381,057 external-priority patent/US5580954A/en
Priority claimed from US08/381,054 external-priority patent/US5569743A/en
Priority claimed from US08/381,049 external-priority patent/US5574133A/en
Priority claimed from US08/381,034 external-priority patent/US5532336A/en
Priority claimed from US08/381,163 external-priority patent/US5563245A/en
Priority claimed from US08/381,050 external-priority patent/US5563244A/en
Priority claimed from US08/381,666 external-priority patent/US5521283A/en
Priority claimed from US08/381,040 external-priority patent/US5552522A/en
Priority claimed from US08/384,492 external-priority patent/US5594104A/en
Priority claimed from US08/383,632 external-priority patent/US5569744A/en
Priority claimed from US08/383,650 external-priority patent/US5691309A/en
Priority claimed from US08/383,649 external-priority patent/US5567803A/en
Application filed by Eli Lilly and Co filed Critical Eli Lilly and Co
Publication of EP0836620A1 publication Critical patent/EP0836620A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/575—Hormones
    • C07K14/5759—Products of obesity genes, e.g. leptin, obese (OB), tub, fat
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of human medicine, particularly in the treatment of obesity and disorders associated with obesity. Most specifically the invention relates to anti-obesity proteins that when administered to a patient regulate fat tissue.
  • the ob I Ob mouse is a model of obesity and diabetes that is known to carry an autosomal recessive trait linked to a mutation in the sixth chromosome. Recently, Yiying Zhang and co-workers published the positional cloning of the mouse gene linked with this condition. Yiying Zhang et al. Nature 372 : 425-32 (1994). This report disclosed a gene coding for a 167 amino acid protein with a 21 amino acid signal peptide that is exclusively expressed in adipose tissue.
  • Physiologist have postulated for years that, when a mammal overeats, the resulting excess fat signals to the brain that the body is obese which, in turn, causes the body to eat less and burn more fuel.
  • the present invention provides biologically active anti-obesity proteins. Such agents therefore allow patients to overcome their obesity handicap and live normal lives with a more normalized risk for type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
  • the present invention is directed to a biologically active anti-obesity proteins of the Formula I:
  • Xaa at position 2 is Gin or Glu
  • Xaa at position 17 is Asn, Asp or Gin;
  • Xaa at position 22 is Thr or Ala
  • Xaa at position 23 is Gin, Glu or absent;
  • Xaa at position 29 is Gin or Glu;
  • Xaa at position 49 is lie, Leu, Met or methionine sulfoxide
  • Xaa at position 51 is Gin or Glu
  • Xaa at position 57 is Gin or Glu
  • Xaa at position 58 is Gin or Glu
  • Xaa at position 63 is lie, Leu, Met or methionine sulfoxide
  • Xaa at position 67 is Asn, Asp or Gin;
  • Xaa at position 70 is Gin or Glu
  • Xaa at position 73 is Asn, Asp or Gin
  • Xaa at position 77 is Asn, Asp or Gin
  • Xaa at position 95 is Trp or Gin
  • Xaa at position 125 is Gin or Glu
  • Xaa at position 129 is Gin or Glu;
  • Xaa at position 131 is lie, Leu, Met or methionine sulfoxide; Xaa at position 133 is Trp or Gin; and Xaa at position 134 is Gin or Glu.
  • the present invention additionally includes fragments of the proteins of Formula I.
  • These proteins are biologically active anti-obesity proteins and are represented by Formulas Ia through In.
  • Formulas Ia through In For clarity purposes, the numbering of the amino acids in Formula I is maintained in Formulas Ia through In. Renumbering the amino acids is unnecessary and would result in confusion.
  • Formula Ia represents amino acids 7 through 146 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the variable cites (Xaa) for each position is the same as previously defined in Formula I unless otherwise specified.
  • Xaa Val lie Xaa lie Ser Xaa Asp Leu Glu Xaa Leu Arg Asp Leu
  • Xaa at position 49 is lie, Leu, Met, methionine sulfoxide or absent;
  • Xaa Val lie Xaa lie Ser Xaa Asp Leu Glu Xaa Leu Arg Asp Leu
  • the invention further provides a method of treating obesity, which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a protein of any one of Formula I through In.
  • the invention further provides a pharmaceutical formulation, which comprises a protein of any one of Formula I through In together with one or more pharmaceutical acceptable diluents, carriers or excipients therefor.
  • the preferred proteins of the present invention are those wherein:
  • Xaa at position 2 is Gin
  • Xaa at position 17 is Asn
  • Xaa at position 22 is Thr Xaa at position 23 is Gin Xaa at position 29 is Gin Xaa at position 29 is Gin Xaa at position 49 is Met Xaa at position 51 is Gin Xaa at position 57 is Gin Xaa at position 58 is Gin Xaa at position 63 is Met Xaa at position 67 is Asn Xaa at position 70 is Gin Xaa at position 73 is Asn Xaa at position 77 is Asn Xaa at position 95 is Trp Xaa at position 125 is Gin Xaa at position 129 is Gin Xaa at position 131 is Met Xaa at position 133 is Trp Xaa at position 134 is Gin
  • amino acids abbreviations are accepted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office as set forth in 37 C.F.R. ⁇ 1.822 (b) (2) (1993) .
  • One skilled in the art would recognize that certain amino acids are prone to rearrangement.
  • Asp may rearrange to aspartimide and isoasparigine as described in I. Sch ⁇ n et al., Int. J. Peotide Protein Res. J .: 485-94 (1979) and references cited therein. These rearrangement derivatives are included within the scope of the present invention.
  • the amino acids are in the L configuration.
  • Base pair (bp) -- refers to DNA or RNA.
  • the abbreviations A,C,G, and T correspond to the 5 ' -monophosphate forms of the nucleotides (deoxy)adenine, (deoxy) cytidine, (deoxy)guanine, and (deoxy) thymine, respectively, when they occur in DNA molecules.
  • the abbreviations U,C,G, and T correspond to the 5 ' -monophosphate forms of the nucleosides uracil, cytidine, guanine, and thymine, respectively when they occur in RNA molecules.
  • base pair may refer to a partnership of A with T or C with G.
  • base pair may refer to a partnership of T with U or C with G.
  • EDTA an abbreviation for ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid.
  • ED50 an abbreviation for half-maximal value.
  • FAB-MS an abbreviation for fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.
  • Immunoreactive Protein(s) a term used to collectively describe antibodies, fragments of antibodies capable of binding antigens of a similar nature as the parent antibody molecule from which they are derived, and single chain polypeptide binding molecules as described in PCT Application No. PCT/US 87/02208, International Publication No. WO 88/01649.
  • mRNA messenger RNA.
  • MWCO an abbreviation for molecular weight cut ⁇ off.
  • Plasmid an extrachromosomal self-replicating genetic element.
  • PMSF an abbreviation for phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride.
  • Reading frame the nucleotide sequence from which translation occurs "read” in triplets by the translational apparatus of tRNA, ribosomes and associated factors, each triplet corresponding to a particular amino acid. Because each triplet is distinct and of the same length, the coding sequence must be a multiple of three. A base pair insertion or deletion (termed a frameshift mutation) may result in two different proteins being coded for by the same DNA segment. To insure against this, the triplet codons corresponding to the desired polypeptide must be aligned in multiples of three from the initiation codon, i.e. the correct "reading frame" must be maintained.
  • Recombinant DNA Cloning Vector any autonomously replicating agent including, but not limited to, plasmids and phages, comprising a DNA molecule to which one or more additional DNA segments can or have been added.
  • Recombinant DNA Expression Vector any recombinant DNA cloning vector in which a promoter has been incorporated.
  • Replicon A DNA sequence that controls and allows for autonomous replication of a plasmid or other vector.
  • RNA ribonucleic acid.
  • RP-HPLC an abbreviation for reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography.
  • Transcription the process whereby information contained in a nucleotide sequence of DNA is transferred to a complementary RNA sequence.
  • Translation the process whereby the genetic information of messenger RNA is used to specify and direct the synthesis of a polypeptide chain.
  • Treating -- describes the management and care of a patient for the purpose of combating the disease, condition, or disorder and includes the administration of a compound of present invention to prevent the onset of the symptoms or complications, alleviating the symptoms or complications, or eliminating the disease, condition, or disorder.
  • Treating obesity therefor includes the inhibition of food intake, the inhibition of weight gain, and inducing weight loss in patients in need thereof.
  • Vector a replicon used for the transformation of cells in gene manipulation bearing polynucleotide sequences corresponding to appropriate protein molecules which, when combined with appropriate control sequences, confer specific properties on the host cell to be transformed. Plasmids, viruses, and bacteriophage are suitable vectors, since they are replicons in their own right. Artificial vectors are constructed by cutting and joining DNA molecules from different sources using restriction enzymes and ligases. Vectors include Recombinant DNA cloning vectors and Recombinant DNA expression vectors.
  • the present invention provides biologically active proteins that provide effective treatment for obesity.
  • the proteins are also useful in the production of antibodies for diagnostic use. Many of the claimed proteins offer additional advantages of stability, especially acid stability, and improved absorption characteristics.
  • the claimed proteins ordinarily are prepared by modification of the DNA encoding the claimed protein and thereafter expressing the DNA in recombinant cell culture. Techniques for making substitutional mutations at predetermined sites in DNA having a known sequence are well known, for example M13 primer mutagenesis.
  • the mutations that might be made in the DNA encoding the present anti- obesity proteins must not place the sequence out of reading frame and preferably will not create complementary regions that could produce secondary mRNA structure. See DeBoer et al. , EP 75,444A (1983) .
  • the compounds of the present invention may be produced either by recombinant DNA technology or well known chemical procedures, such as solution or solid-phase peptide synthesis, or semi-synthesis in solution beginning with protein fragments coupled through conventional solution methods.
  • the synthesis of the claimed protein may proceed by solid phase peptide synthesis or by recombinant methods.
  • the principles of solid phase chemical synthesis of polypeptides are well known in the art and may be found in general texts in the area such as Dugas, H. and Penney, C, Bioor ⁇ anic Chemistry Springer-Verlag, New York, pgs. 54-92 (1981) .
  • peptides may be synthesized by solid-phase methodology utilizing an PE-Applied Biosystems 430A peptide synthesizer (commercially available from Applied Biosystems, Foster City California) and synthesis cycles supplied by Applied Biosystems. Boc amino acids and other reagents are commercially available from PE-Applied Biosystems and other chemical supply houses.
  • Boc deprotection may be accomplished with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in methylene chloride.
  • Formyl removal from Trp is accomplished by treatment of the peptidyl resin with 20% piperidine in dimethylformamide for 60 minutes at 4°C.
  • Met (O) can be reduced by treatment of the peptidyl resin with TFA/dimethylsulfide/conHCl (95/5/1) at 25°C for 60 minutes.
  • the peptides may be further deprotected and cleaved from the resin with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride containing a mixture of 10% m-cresol or m- cresol/10% p-thiocresol or m-cresol/p- thiocresol/dimethylsulfide.
  • Cleavage of the side chain protecting group(s) and of the peptide from the resin is carried out at zero degrees Centigrade or below, preferably -20°C for thirty minutes followed by thirty minutes at 0°C.
  • the peptide/resin is washed with ether.
  • the peptide is extracted with glacial acetic acid and lyophilized. Purification is accomplished by reverse-phase C18 chromatography (Vydac) column in .1% TFA with a gradient of increasing acetonitrile concentration.
  • solid phase synthesis could also be accomplished using the FMOC strategy and a TFA/scavenger cleavage mixture.
  • the claimed proteins may also be produced by recombinant methods. Recombinant methods are preferred if a high yield is desired.
  • the basic steps in the recombinant production of protein include: a) construction of a synthetic or semi-synthetic (or isolation from natural sources) DNA encoding the claimed protein, b) integrating the coding sequence into an expression vector in a manner suitable for the expression of the protein either alone or as a fusion protein, c) transforming an appropriate eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cell with the expression vector, and d) recovering and purifying the recombinantly produced protein.
  • the gene encoding the claimed protein may also be created by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) .
  • the template can be a cDNA library (commercially available from CLONETECH or STRATAGENE) or mRNA isolated from human adipose tissue.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • cDNA library commercially available from CLONETECH or STRATAGENE
  • mRNA isolated from human adipose tissue Such methodologies are well known in the art Maniatis, sL ⁇ - Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York (1989). ,b, Direct expression or Fusion protein
  • the claimed protein may be made either by direct expression or as fusion protein comprising the claimed protein followed by enzymatic or chemical cleavage.
  • a variety of peptidases e.g. trypsin
  • which cleave a polypeptide at specific sites or digest the peptides from the amino or carboxy termini (e.g. diaminopeptidase) of the peptide chain are known.
  • particular chemicals e.g. cyanogen bromide
  • the skilled artisan will appreciate the modifications necessary to the amino acid sequence (and synthetic or semi-synthetic coding sequence if recombinant means are employed) to incorporate site-specific internal cleavage sites. See e.g., Carter P., Site Specific Proteolysis of Fusion Proteins, Ch. 13 in Protein
  • the isolated cDNA coding sequence may be readily modified by the use of synthetic linkers to facilitate the incorporation of this sequence into the desired cloning vectors by techniques well known in the art.
  • the particular endonucleases employed will be dictated by the restriction endonuclease cleavage pattern of the parent expression vector to be employed.
  • the choice of restriction sites are chosen so as to properly orient the coding sequence with control sequences to achieve proper in-frame reading and expression of the claimed protein.
  • Plasmid pBR322 contains genes for ampicillin and tetracycline resistance and thus provides easy means for identifying transformed cells.
  • the pBR322 plasmid, or other microbial plasmid must also contain or be modified to contain promoters and other control elements commonly used in recombinant DNA technology.
  • the desired coding sequence is inserted into an expression vector in the proper orientation to be transcribed from a promoter and ribosome binding site, both of which should be functional in the host cell in which the protein is to be expressed.
  • An example of such an expression vector is a plasmid described in Belagaje et al., U.S. patent No. 5,304,493, the teachings of which are herein incorporated by reference.
  • the gene encoding A-C-B proinsulin described in U.S. patent No. 5,304,493 can be removed from the plasmid pRBl82 with restriction enzymes Ndel and BamHI.
  • the genes encoding the protein of the present invention can be inserted into the plasmid backbone on a Ndel/BamHI restriction fragment cassette.
  • procaryotes are used for cloning of DNA sequences in constructing the vectors useful in the invention.
  • fi ⁇ coli K12 strain 294 ATCC No. 31446
  • Other microbial strains which may be used include £_-. coli B and £ ⁇ coli X1776 (ATCC No. 31537) . These examples are illustrative rather than limiting.
  • Prokaryotes also are used for expression. The aforementioned strains, as well as £--- coli W3110 (prototrophic, ATCC No.
  • Promoters suitable for use with prokaryotic hosts include the ⁇ -lactamase (vector pGX2907 [ATCC 39344] contains the replicon and ⁇ -lactamase gene) and lactose promoter systems (Chang ⁇ Jt. a_. , Nature. 275:615 (1978); and Goeddel fit al..
  • alkaline phosphatase alkaline phosphatase
  • the tryptophan (trp) promoter system vector pATHl [ATCC 37695] is designed to facilitate expression of an open reading frame as a trpE fusion protein under control of the trp promoter
  • hybrid promoters such as the tac promoter (isolatable from plasmid pDR540 ATCC-37282) .
  • trp tryptophan promoter system
  • vector pATHl ATCC 37695
  • hybrid promoters such as the tac promoter (isolatable from plasmid pDR540 ATCC-37282) .
  • other functional bacterial promoters whose nucleotide sequences are generally known, enable one of skill in the art to ligate them to DNA encoding the protein using linkers or adaptors to supply any required restriction sites. Promoters for use in bacterial systems also will contain a Shine-Dalgarno sequence operably linked to the DNA encoding protein
  • the protein may be recombinantly produced in eukaryotic expression systems.
  • Preferred promoters controlling transcription in mammalian host cells may be obtained from various sources, for example, the genomes of viruses such as: polyoma, Simian Virus 40 (SV40), adenovirus, retroviruses, hepatitis-B virus and most preferably cytomegalovirus, or from heterologous mammalian promoters, e.g. ⁇ -actin promoter.
  • the early and late promoters of the SV40 virus are conveniently obtained as an SV40 restriction fragment which also contains the SV40 viral origin of replication. Fiers, f it al. , Natur . 273 :113 (1978).
  • the entire SV40 genome may be obtained from plasmid pBRSV, ATCC 45019.
  • the immediate early promoter of the human cytomegalovirus may be obtained from plasmid pCMB ⁇ (ATCC
  • promoters from the host cell or related species also are useful herein.
  • Enhancers are cis-acting elements of DNA, usually about 10-300 bp, that act on a promoter to increase its transcription. Enhancers are relatively orientation and position independent having been found 5' (Laimins, L. f it al.. PNAS 78:993 (1981)) and 3' (Lusky, M. L., fit al-. Mol. Cell Bio. 3:1108 (1983)) to the transcription unit, within an intron (Banerji, J. L. f it al. , Cell 12.:729 (1983)) as well as within the coding sequence itself (Osborne, T.
  • enhancer sequences are now known from mammalian genes (globin, RSV, SV40, EMC, elastase, albumin, a-fetoprotein and insulin) .
  • mammalian genes globin, RSV, SV40, EMC, elastase, albumin, a-fetoprotein and insulin
  • an enhancer from a eukaryotic cell virus. Examples include the SV40 late enhancer, the cytomegalovirus early promoter enhancer, the polyoma enhancer on the late side of the replication origin, and adenovirus enhancers.
  • Expression vectors used in eukaryotic host cells will also contain sequences necessary for the termination of transcription which may affect mRNA expression. These regions are transcribed as polyadenylated segments in the untranslated portion of the mRNA encoding protein. The 3' untranslated regions also include transcription termination sites.
  • Expression vectors may contain a selection gene, also termed a selectable marker.
  • selectable markers for mammalian cells are dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, which may be derived from the B ⁇ lll/Hindlll restriction fragment of pJOD-10 [ATCC 68815] ) , thymidine kinase (herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase is contained on the BamHI fragment of vP-5 clone [ATCC 2028] ) or neomycin (G418) resistance genes (obtainable from pNN414 yeast artificial chromosome vector [ATCC 37682] ) .
  • DHFR dihydrofolate reductase
  • thymidine kinase herepes simplex virus thymidine kinase is contained on the BamHI fragment of vP-5 clone [ATCC 2028]
  • neomycin (G418) resistance genes obtainable from p
  • the transfected mammalian host cell can survive if placed under selective pressure.
  • selectable markers are successfully transferred into a mammalian host cell
  • the first category is based on a cell's metabolism and the use of a mutant cell line which lacks the ability to grow without a supplemented media.
  • Two examples are: CHO DHFR" cells (ATCC CRL-9096) and mouse LTK" cells (L-M(TK-) ATCC CCL-2.3). These cells lack the ability to grow without the addition of such nutrients as thymidine or hypoxanthine.
  • the second category is dominant selection which refers to a selection scheme used in any cell type and does not require the use of a mutant cell line. These schemes typically use a drug to arrest growth of a host cell. Those cells which have a novel gene would express a protein conveying drug resistance and would survive the selection. Examples of such dominant selection use the drugs neomycin, Southern P. and Berg, P., J. Molec. APPI. Genet. 1: 327
  • pRc/CMV A preferred vector for eucaryotic expression is pRc/CMV.
  • pRc/CMV is commercially available from Invitrogen Corporation, 3985 Sorrento Valley Blvd., San Diego, CA 92121.
  • the ligation mixtures are used to transform £. coli K12 strain DH5a (ATCC 31446) and successful transformants selected by antibiotic resistance where appropriate. Plasmids from the transformants are prepared, analyzed by restriction and/or sequence by the method of Messing, ⁇ t al- , Nucleic Acids Res. 1:309 (1981).
  • Host cells may be transformed with the expression vectors of this invention and cultured in conventional nutrient media modified as is appropriate for inducing promoters, selecting transformants or amplifying genes.
  • the culture conditions such as temperature, pH and the like, are those previously used with the host cell selected for expression, and will be apparent to the ordinarily skilled artisan.
  • the techniques of transforming cells with the aforementioned vectors are well known in the art and may be found in such general references as Maniatis, f it al. , Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York (1989), or Current Protocols in Molecular Biology
  • Preferred suitable host cells for expressing the vectors encoding the claimed proteins in higher eukaryotes include: African green monkey kidney line cell line transformed by SV40 (COS-7, ATCC CRL-1651); transformed human primary embryonal kidney cell line 293, (Graham, F. L. f it al- > j. Gen viroi. 36:59-72 (1977), virology 12:319-329, virology
  • eukaryotic microbes such as yeast cultures may also be used.
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or common baker's yeast is the most commonly used eukaryotic microorganism, although a number of other strains are commonly available.
  • the plasmid YRp7 for example, (ATCC-40053, Stinchcomb, et al. , Nature 282:39 (1979) ; Kingsman fit al- , £S-Qfi 2:141 (1979);
  • This plasmid already contains the trp gene which provides a selection marker for a mutant strain of yeast lacking the ability to grow in tryptophan, for example ATCC no. 44076 or PEP4-1 (Jones, Genetics 85:12 (1977)) .
  • Suitable promoting sequences for use with yeast hosts include the promoters for 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (found on plasmid pAPl2BD ATCC 53231 and described in U.S. Patent No. 4,935,350, June 19, 1990) or other glycolytic enzymes such as enolase (found on plasmid pACl ATCC 39532) , glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (derived from plasmid pHcGAPCl ATCC 57090, 57091) , zymomonas mobilis (United States Patent No.
  • yeast promoters which are inducible promoters having the additional advantage of transcription controlled by growth conditions, are the promoter regions for alcohol dehydrogenase 2, isocytochrome C, acid phosphatase, degradative enzymes associated with nitrogen metabolism, metallothionein (contained on plasmid vector pCL28XhoLHBPV ATCC 39475, United States Patent No. 4,840,896) , glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and enzymes responsible for maltose and galactose (GALl found on plasmid pRYl21 ATCC 37658) utilization. Suitable vectors and promoters for use in yeast expression are further described in R.
  • yeast enhancers such as the UAS Gal from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (found in conjunction with the CYCl promoter on plasmid YEpsec--hIlbeta ATCC 67024) , also are advantageously used with yeast promoters.
  • Example 1 A DNA sequence encoding the following protein sequence: Met Arg - SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • a forward primer (5'-GG GG CAT ATG AGG GTA CCT ATC CAG AAA GTC CAG GAT GAC AC) (SEQ ID No: 16) and a reverse primer (5'-GG GG GGATC CTA TTA GCA CCC GGG AGA CAG GTC CAG CTG CCA CAA CAT) (SEQ ID No: 17) is used to amplify sequences from a human fat cell library (commercially available from CLONETECH) .
  • the PCR product is cloned into PCR-Script (available from STRATAGENE) and sequenced.
  • a plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the desired claimed protein is constructed to include Ndel and BamHI restriction sites.
  • the plasmid carrying the cloned PCR product is digested with Ndel and BamHI restriction enzymes.
  • the small ⁇ 450bp fragment is gel-purified and ligated into the vector pRBl82 from which the coding sequence for A-C-B proinsulin is deleted.
  • the ligation products are transformed into E. coli DHIOB (commercially available from GIBCO-BRL) and colonies growing on tryptone-yeast (DIFCO) plates supplemented with 10 ⁇ g/mL of tetracycline are analyzed.
  • E. coli DHIOB commercially available from GIBCO-BRL
  • DIFCO tryptone-yeast
  • Plasmid DNA is isolated, digested with Ndel and BamHI and the resulting fragments are separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Plasmids containing the expected ⁇ 450bp Ndel to BamHI fragment are kept. E. coli B BL21 (DE3) (commercially available from NOVOGEN) are transformed with this second plasmid expression suitable for culture for protein production.
  • E. coli cells used in the preferred practice of the invention as exemplified herein are well known in the art.
  • the precise conditions under which the transformed E ⁇ . coli cells are cultured is dependent on the nature of the £_,_ coli host cell line and the expression or cloning vectors employed.
  • vectors which incorporate thermoinducible promoter-operator regions such as the cl857 thermoinducible lambda-phage promoter-operator region, require a temperature shift from about 30 to about 40 degrees C. in the culture conditions so as to induce protein synthesis.
  • _ thermoinducible promoter-operator regions
  • coli K12 RV308 cells are employed as host cells but numerous other cell lines are available such as, but not limited to, £. coli K12 L201, L687, L693 , L507, L640, L641, L695, L814 (£. coli B) .
  • the transformed host cells are then plated on appropriate media under the selective pressure of the antibiotic corresponding to the resistance gene present on the expression plasmid.
  • the cultures are then incubated for a time and temperature appropriate to the host cell line employed.
  • Proteins which are expressed in high-level bacterial expression systems characteristically aggregate in granules or inclusion bodies which contain high levels of the overexpressed protein. Kreuger et al., in Protein Folding. Gierasch and King, eds. , pgs 136-142 (1990), American Association for the Advancement of Science Publication No. 89-18S, Washington, D.C. Such protein aggregates must be solubilized to provide further purification and isolation of the desired protein product, Ui.
  • a variety of techniques using strongly denaturing solutions such as guanidinium-HCl and/or weakly denaturing solutions such as dithiothreitol (DTT) are used to solubilize the proteins. Gradual removal of the denaturing agents (often by dialysis) in a solution allows the denatured protein to assume its native conformation. The particular conditions for denaturation and folding are determined by the particular protein expression system and/or the protein in question.
  • Biosynthetic human obese gene product with an intramolecular disulphide was prepared in E. coli , purified and tested as described herein (hereinafter hOB protein) .
  • Human OB protein (19.2 mg) was weighed into a glass vial and dissolved in 4.8 mL phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, to give an approximate concentration of 4.0 mg/mL.
  • Complete dissolution of the protein solution was achieved by briefly adjusting the pH to 10.1 with 5N NaOH and then lowering the pH to 7.8 with 5N HCl.
  • the actual concentration of the protein solution was 4.27mg/mL as calculated by UV analysis.
  • the digest was removed from incubation and appeared very turbid with a heavy precipitate at the bottom of the vial.
  • the digestion was terminated by acidification to pH 3.0 with 5N HCl.
  • the digest was centrifuged at 13,600 g for 2 min and the pellet was solubilized with 300ul glacial acetic acid. Upon dilution of the acidified solution with 2.7mL of distilled water some turbidity developed which was removed by centrifugation.
  • the clear supernatant (3mL) was transferred to a glass vial and the remaining gelatinous pellet was solubilized with 150 ⁇ l glacial acetic acid, diluted with an equal volume of distilled water and centrifuged. This supernatant was pooled with the above supernatant and then directly fractionated by RP-HPLC.
  • the fractions were desalted into 70% CH 3 CN/.1% TFA using Waters C 2 Sep-Pak cartridges.
  • the desalted column fractions of the desired peak materials were combined to give a total volume of 4.6mL for each of the peptide sequences from the two semi-preparative RP-HPLC purification runs.
  • the pools were transferred into glass vials in 400 ⁇ l aliquots and lyophilized. Four aliquots of 100 ⁇ l each of the desalted pools were reserved for amino acid and mass spectrometry analysis.
  • Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the two desalted pools was performed on a PESciex API III mass spectrometer equipped with a pneumatically-assisted electrospray (Ionspray) interface.
  • Positive ion mass spectra were obtained by continously infusing sample into the interface at a flow rate of 5-20uL/min using a Harvard syringe pump. Data were obtained using an inlet orifice potential of +40V relative to the rod offset potential. Scans were made over a 500-2400u range in 0.lu intervals for a dwell time of 1ms per interval. Multiple scans (3-20) were acquired per sample to provide an averaged final spectrum.
  • the isolated peptide fragments were hydrolyzed under vacuum by a vapor-phase method in a PicoTag Work Station (Waters Associates, Milford, MA) using 6N HCl at 120°C for 21 hours.
  • the hydrolysates were dried down on the Work Station, treated with sample buffer, and analyzed on a Model 6300 Beckman amino acid analyzer.
  • Example 4 A protein of the Formula:
  • hOB protein (lO.Omg) was weighed into a glass vial and dissolved in 2.0ml phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4. Complete dissolution of the protein solution was achieved by briefly adjusting the pH to 10.0 with 5N NaOH and then lowering the pH to 8.6 with 5N HCl. The actual concentration of solution B was 5.15 mg/ml as calculated by UV analysis.
  • the hOB protein solution B (0.78 ml) was treated with 7M guanidine-hydrochloride (0.86 ml), diluted with phosphate buffered saline (0.36 ml) and adjusted to pH 9.0. The digestion was carried out with lysyl-C endopeptidase
  • Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the two desalted pools was performed on a PESciex API III mass spectrometer equipped with a pneumatically-assisted electrospray (Ionspray) interface. Positive ion mass spectra were obtained by continously infusing sample into the interface at a flow rate of 5-20uL/min using a Harvard syringe pump. Data were obtained using an inlet orifice potential of +40V relative to the rod offset potential.
  • the present proteins are expressed as Met-Arg-SEQ ID NO: 1 through 15 so that the expressed proteins may be readily converted to the claimed protein with Cathepsin C.
  • the purification of proteins is by techniques known in the art and includes reverse phase chromatography, affinity chromatography, and size exclusion.
  • the claimed proteins contain two cysteine residues.
  • a di-sulfide bond may be formed to stabilize the protein.
  • the present invention includes proteins of the Formula I through In wherein the Cys at position 91 is crosslinked to Cys at position 141 as well as those proteins without such di-sulfide bonds.
  • the proteins of the present invention may exist, particularly when formulated, as dimers, trimers, tetramers, and other multimers. Such multimers are included within the scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating obesity. The method comprises administering to the organism an effective amount of anti-obesity protein in a dose between about 1 and 1000 ⁇ g/kg. A preferred dose is from about 10 to 100 ⁇ g/kg of active compound. A typical daily dose for an adult human is from about 0.5 to 100 mg.
  • compounds of the Formula (I) can be administered in a single daily dose or in multiple doses per day. The treatment regime may require administration over extended periods of time. The amount per administered dose or the total amount administered will be determined by the physician and depend on such factors as the nature and severity of the disease, the age and general health of the patient and the tolerance of the patient to the compound.
  • the instant invention further provides pharmaceutical formulations comprising compounds of the Formula (I through In) .
  • the proteins preferably in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, can be formulated for nasal, bronchal, transdermal, or parenteral administration for the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of obesity.
  • compounds of the Formula (I through In) can be admixed with conventional pharmaceutical carriers and excipients.
  • the compositions comprising claimed proteins contain from about 0.1 to 90% by weight of the active protein, preferably in a soluble form, and more generally from about 10 to 30%.
  • the protein is administered in commonly used intravenous fluid (s) and administered by infusion.
  • s intravenous fluid
  • Such fluids for example, physiological saline, Ringer's solution or 5% dextrose solution can be used.
  • a sterile formulation preferably a suitable soluble salt form of a protein of the Formula (I through In), for example the hydrochloride salt
  • a pharmaceutical diluent such as pyrogen-free water (distilled) , physiological saline or 5% glucose solution.
  • a suitable insoluble form of the compound may be prepared and administered as a suspension in an aqueous base or a pharmaceutically acceptable oil base, e.g. an ester of a long chain fatty acid such as ethyl oleate.
  • Nasal formulations comprise the protein and carboxyvinyl polymer preferably selected from the group comprising the acrylic acid series hydrophilic crosslinked polymer, e.g. carbopole 934, 940, 941 (Goodrich Co.).
  • the polymer accelerates absorption of the protein, and gives suitable viscosity to prevent discharge from nose.
  • Suitable content of the polymer is 0.05 - 2 weight %.
  • the amount of active compound is commonly 0.1 - 10%.
  • the nasal preparation may be in drop form, spraying applicator or aerosol form.
  • the most closely related biological test is to inject the test article by any of several routes of administration (e.g. i.v., s.c, i.p., or by minipump or cannula) and then to monitor food and water consumption, body weight gain, plasma chemistry or hormones (glucose, insulin, ACTH, corticosterone, GH, T4) over various time periods.
  • routes of administration e.g. i.v., s.c, i.p., or by minipump or cannula
  • Suitable test animals include normal mice (ICR, etc.) and obese mice ( ob/ob , Avy/a, KK-Ay, tubby, fat).
  • the ob/ob mouse model of obesity and diabetes is generally accepted in the art as being indicative of the obesity condition. Controls for non-specific effects for these injections are done using vehicle with or without the active agent of similar composition in the same animal monitoring the same parameters or the active agent itself in animals that are thought to lack the receptor (db/db mice, fa/fa or cp/cp rats) . Proteins demonstrating activity in these models will demonstrate similar activity in other mammals, particularly humans.
  • a similar model is to inject the test article directly into the brain (e.g. i.e.v. injection via lateral or third ventricles, or directly into specific hypothalamic nuclei (e.g. arcuate, paraventricular, perifornical nuclei).
  • the same parameters as above could be measured, or the release of neurotransmitters that are known to regulate feeding or metabolism could be monitored (e.g. NPY, galanin, norepinephrine, dopamine, ⁇ -endorphin release) .
  • the compounds are active in at least one of the above biological tests and are anti-obesity agents. As such, they are useful in treating obesity and those disorders implicated by obesity.
  • the proteins are not only useful as therapeutic agents; one skilled in the art recognizes that the proteins are useful in the production of antibodies for diagnostic use and, as proteins, are useful as feed additives for animals.
  • the compounds are useful for controlling weight for cosmetic purposes in mammals. A cosmetic purpose seeks to control the weight of a mammal to improve bodily appearance. The mammal is not necessarily obese. Such cosmetic use forms part of the present invention.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des protéines anti-obésité qui, lorsqu'elles sont administrées à un patient, ont un effet régulateur sur les tissus adipeux. Ces agents permettent de combattre l'obésité et permettent aux patients souffrant de cet handicap de vivre une vie normale en diminuant considérablement les risques d'apparition du diabète sucré, de maladies cardiovasculaires et de cancer.
EP96903648A 1995-01-31 1996-01-29 Proteines anti-obesite Withdrawn EP0836620A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (39)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US381040 1989-07-17
US381057 1989-07-17
US38104795A 1995-01-31 1995-01-31
US38124795A 1995-01-31 1995-01-31
US38145195A 1995-01-31 1995-01-31
US38126695A 1995-01-31 1995-01-31
US381034 1995-01-31
US381049 1995-01-31
US08/381,037 US5563243A (en) 1995-01-31 1995-01-31 Anti-obesity proteins
US381037 1995-01-31
US381666 1995-01-31
US08/381,057 US5580954A (en) 1995-01-31 1995-01-31 Anti-obesity proteins
US381247 1995-01-31
US381047 1995-01-31
US08/381,054 US5569743A (en) 1995-01-31 1995-01-31 Anti-obesity proteins
US381451 1995-01-31
US08/381,049 US5574133A (en) 1995-01-31 1995-01-31 Anti-obesity proteins
US08/381,034 US5532336A (en) 1995-01-31 1995-01-31 Anti-obesity proteins
US08/381,163 US5563245A (en) 1995-01-31 1995-01-31 Anti-obesity proteins
US08/381,041 US5567678A (en) 1995-01-31 1995-01-31 Anti-obesity proteins
US08/381,040 US5552522A (en) 1995-01-31 1995-01-31 Anti-obesity proteins
US08/381,370 US5525705A (en) 1995-01-31 1995-01-31 Anti-obesity proteins
US08/381,666 US5521283A (en) 1995-01-31 1995-01-31 Anti-obesity proteins
US381266 1995-01-31
US381163 1995-01-31
US381054 1995-01-31
US381370 1995-01-31
US08/381,050 US5563244A (en) 1995-01-31 1995-01-31 Anti-obesity proteins
US381050 1995-01-31
US383632 1995-02-06
US08/384,492 US5594104A (en) 1995-01-31 1995-02-06 Anti-obesity proteins
US08/383,632 US5569744A (en) 1995-01-31 1995-02-06 Anti-obesity proteins
US08/383,650 US5691309A (en) 1995-01-31 1995-02-06 Anti-obesity proteins
US383649 1995-02-06
US383650 1995-02-06
US08/383,649 US5567803A (en) 1995-01-31 1995-02-06 Anti-obesity proteins
US384492 1995-02-06
PCT/US1996/000947 WO1996023514A1 (fr) 1995-01-31 1996-01-29 Proteines anti-obesite
US381041 2006-05-01

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JP (1) JPH11501297A (fr)
AU (1) AU4766096A (fr)
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WO (1) WO1996023514A1 (fr)

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