EP0826814B1 - Process and apparatus for treatment of fibrous material - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for treatment of fibrous material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0826814B1 EP0826814B1 EP97114629A EP97114629A EP0826814B1 EP 0826814 B1 EP0826814 B1 EP 0826814B1 EP 97114629 A EP97114629 A EP 97114629A EP 97114629 A EP97114629 A EP 97114629A EP 0826814 B1 EP0826814 B1 EP 0826814B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cleaning
- vacuum
- phase
- fibrous material
- plasma treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 claims 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 3
- -1 especially sliver Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013020 steam cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
- D06L1/12—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using aqueous solvents
- D06L1/16—Multi-step processes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B21/00—Successive treatments of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/02—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements ultrasonic or sonic; Corona discharge
- D06M10/025—Corona discharge or low temperature plasma
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for the treatment of fiber material.
- Natural and synthetic fibers can be found in many industrial Areas of use. About natural and synthetic fibers or to be able to use existing materials, it is often necessary to pre-process the fibers. On the one hand, natural fibers can e.g. in a dirty one Form as a ridge, so that before a Processing requires cleaning and preparation is. Fiber materials consisting of synthetic fibers on the other hand, there are usually no impurities are surface modifications for many processing methods of the fiber material required. If the synthetic fiber material, for example, in a Plastic mass are embedded, so is for one good adhesion between the fiber material and the plastic mass enveloping the fiber material The surface of the fiber material has to be passivated.
- the invention has for its object a method and an apparatus for treating fiber material to provide an environmentally friendly cleaning and allow processing of fiber material.
- the fiber material in one Plasma processing phase in a plasma processing container surface-modified.
- chemical etching baths are in a plasma superfluous.
- the plasma processing phase is in a high vacuum is carried out.
- Even on the fiber material adhering volatile or loose components of a preceding one Cleaning or other chemical treatment are replaced in the plasma processing phase and remain in the processing system.
- the plasma processing process is supported by that the fiber material first in a solvent-assisted Cleaning phase cleaned and then is dried in a vacuum drying phase.
- the solvent-assisted cleaning phase in which water, hydrocarbons or halogenated solvents Hydrocarbons, especially white spirit and Per, can be used, in particular solves solid contaminants from the fiber material. Through the solvent-assisted cleaning phase adhere to the Fiber material to only small amounts of contamination would have to be removed in the plasma processing process.
- the fiber material volatile or liquid substances withdrawn, so that during the subsequent plasma processing phase a very fine one Vacuum can be maintained.
- the treated fiber materials from natural or Synthetic fibers for subsequent processing processes for example embedding in plastics or a spinning on optimal properties.
- Vapor contents contained in the gas stream are separated.
- the process is preferably such that the extracted steam components are fractionated so that high purity detergent is available.
- the high-purity cleaning agent should first be in one last cleaning stage of the cleaning phase used be, the detergent then in countercurrent should be led to the fiber material to be cleaned. This ensures that the fiber material is final is processed with a cleaning agent, that has the highest possible purity.
- the process for treating fiber material leaves advantageous in a specially designed device with a cleaning container, a vacuum dryer and a plasma processing tank are connected to each other via pressure-resistant lines.
- a device preferably has guide devices and material locks, so that strand-like Fibrous material, especially roving wool or synthetic fiber strands are editable.
- For generation of the vacuum in the vacuum dryer and in the plasma processing container is preferably a common one Vacuum pump provided, which saves equipment is limited for the device.
- the device shown in Fig. 1 for the treatment of Fiber material 100 has a cleaning container 102, a downstream of this vacuum dryer 104 and a plasma processing container downstream of the vacuum dryer 104 106 with a material outlet lock 108 on.
- the cleaning container 102, the vacuum dryer 104, the plasma processing container 106 and the material outlet lock are with guiding devices (not shown) provide that a strand-like fiber material continuously through this through along the processing path shown in broken lines is transportable in the direction of arrow A.
- the cleaning container 102 has a closed housing 110, on the entry side of a first material lock 112 and one on the outlet side second material lock 114 is arranged.
- the material locks are designed so that the fiber material into the cleaning container 102 without obstruction and can be led out again, ambient air however is largely completed.
- the cleaning container 102 also has three plunge pools 116, 118, 120, some of which can be filled with a cleaning agent are so that the fiber material is immersed in them can be. Between the individual plunge pools 116,118,120 overflows can be provided so that the cleaning agent in countercurrent to the fiber material cascading from the last plunge pool 120 over the middle plunge pool 118 flows to the first plunge pool.
- nozzles in the cleaning container 122, 124, 126 are provided, from which a cleaning agent or a detergent-air mixture escapes with which the fiber material is hosed down. That in the cleaning tank 102 detergent used via drain lines 128 of a cleaning agent treatment system 130 supplied, in which from the detergent Contaminants are separated. Of of the detergent processing system 130 performs one Detergent line 132 to nozzles 122, 124 that in the area of the first and second plunge pools 116, 118 are arranged and there a pre-cleaning and an intermediate cleaning carry out.
- the cleaning container 102 is directly on the vacuum dryer 104 connected to a first vacuum chamber 134, a second vacuum chamber 136 and a third vacuum chamber 138.
- the vacuum chambers 134, 136, 138 are to a vacuum pump 142 via suction lines 140 connected.
- this capacitor 136 high-purity detergent is deposited, the from one arranged in a supply line 148 Pump 150 to those arranged in the cleaning container 102
- Nozzles 126 is transported in the area of third plunge pool 120 are arranged. With these A final cleaning is performed for nozzles 126.
- the too of the vacuum pump 142 leading suction lines are such dimensioned and / or provided with adjustment valves, that in the vacuum chambers 134,136,138 an increasing stronger vacuum can be created.
- the plasma processing container 106 In the direction of transport (arrow A) of the fiber material downstream of the vacuum dryer 104 immediately the plasma processing container 106 arranged. This has none own suction source and is via the vacuum dryer 104 evacuated. The one for generating a plasma in the Plasma processing container 106 required electrodes and possibly inert and / or reaction gas connections are not shown.
- the fiber material treated in the plasma processing container 106 can via the material exit lock 108, the one exit chamber 152, a second exit chamber 154 and a third exit chamber 156 has, continuously removed and another Processing, for example in a spinning or Knitting machine, or fed an embedding process become.
- a material container may also be provided in which the fiber material is temporarily stored, especially wound up. If such a material container full, it can be replaced by a new material container be replaced.
- the material outlet chambers are to be kept low 152,154,156 via suction lines 158 with the vacuum pump 142 connected.
- the pressure level in the material outlet chambers 152,154,156 is set so that penetration of ambient air into the plasma processing container 106 through the material exit lock 108 is prevented.
- the treatment device 200 shown in FIG. 2 of fiber material according to a second embodiment differs from device 100 according to FIG first embodiment in Fig. 1 only by Design of the vacuum dryer 204 and the material outlet lock 208.
- Device parts of the device 200 according to the second embodiment, the device parts of the device 100 according to the first Embodiment correspond, are therefore with reference numerals provided by 100 compared to the first embodiment are increased. On the description of these parts in connection with the first embodiment insofar referred.
- the vacuum dryer 204 of the device 200 according to FIG second embodiment has three first vacuum pumps 260,262,264, each individually the first, assigned to the second or third vacuum chamber 234, 236, 238 are and one in the individual vacuum chambers 234,236,238 create individually adjustable vacuum.
- the one caused by the first three vacuum pumps 260,262,264 apparatus expenditure is higher than that caused by a common vacuum pump, however this higher effort is easier to adjust towards litigation.
- the material lock 208 in the device 200 further vacuum pumps according to the second embodiment 266,268,270, each individually assigned a material outlet chamber 252,254,256 are.
- the material outlet lock Vacuum pumps 266,268,270 are provided, the of these pumps sucked gas flow separately from that of processed the vacuum pumps 260,262,264 sucked gas stream become. This will make the processing from gases extracted from the plasma processing tank 206 on the one hand and suctioned off in the vacuum dryer 204 liquid and volatile components relieved.
- the first vacuum pumps are preferably 260,262,264 and the other vacuum pumps 266,268,270 set so that the plasma processing container 206 over the further vacuum pumps 266,268,270 is evacuated.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Fasermaterial.The invention relates to a method and a device for the treatment of fiber material.
Natur- und Kunstfasern finden in vielen industriellen Bereichen Verwendung. Um die Natur- und Kunstfasern oder daraus bestehende Materialien verwenden zu können, ist häufig eine Vorbearbeitung der Fasern erforderlich. Naturfasern einerseits können z.B. in einer schmutzbehafteten Form als Kammzug vorliegen, so daß vor einer Verarbeitung eine Reinigung und Aufbereitung erforderlich ist. Aus Kunstfasern bestehende Fasermaterialien andererseits liegen meist ohne Verunreinigungen vor, es sind jedoch für viele Verarbeitungsverfahren Oberflächenmodifikationen des Fasermaterials erforderlich. Soll das Kunstfasermaterial beispielsweise in eine Kunststoffmasse eingebettet werden, so ist für eine gute Haftungsvermittlung zwischen dem Fasermaterial und der das Fasermaterial einhüllenden Kunststoffmasse eine Entpassivierung der Oberfläche des Fasermaterials erforderlich. Natural and synthetic fibers can be found in many industrial Areas of use. About natural and synthetic fibers or to be able to use existing materials, it is often necessary to pre-process the fibers. On the one hand, natural fibers can e.g. in a dirty one Form as a ridge, so that before a Processing requires cleaning and preparation is. Fiber materials consisting of synthetic fibers on the other hand, there are usually no impurities are surface modifications for many processing methods of the fiber material required. If the synthetic fiber material, for example, in a Plastic mass are embedded, so is for one good adhesion between the fiber material and the plastic mass enveloping the fiber material The surface of the fiber material has to be passivated.
In der Praxis sind Verfahren zur Behandlung von Fasermaterial bekannt geworden, bei denen zur Reinigung und Aufbereitung des Fasermaterials verschiedene Reinigungs- und Ätzverfahren mit Bädern oder Dampfatmosphären verwendet worden sind. Um in solchen Bädern oder Atmosphären bearbeitetes Fasermaterial verarbeiten zu können, wird das gereinigte und/oder geätzte Fasermaterial getrocknet. Die Reinigungs- und Ätzbäder erfordern jedoch einen hohen Entsorgungsaufwand. Auch besteht die Gefahr, daß Chemikalien durch eine unzureichende Trocknung des Fasermaterials von dem Fasermaterial in die Umwelt freigesetzt werden.In practice there are processes for the treatment of fiber material become known for cleaning and Preparation of the fiber material various cleaning and etching processes with baths or steam atmospheres have been used. To in such baths or Process atmospheres processed fiber material can, the cleaned and / or etched fiber material dried. The cleaning and etching baths require however, a high disposal effort. There is also Risk of chemicals due to insufficient drying of the fiber material from the fiber material in the Environment to be released.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Fasermaterial zur Verfügung zu stellen, die eine umweltschonende Reinigung und Aufbereitung von Fasermaterial erlauben.The invention has for its object a method and an apparatus for treating fiber material to provide an environmentally friendly cleaning and allow processing of fiber material.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 bzw. 12.This object is achieved with the invention the features of claims 1 and 12 respectively.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird das Fasermaterial in einer Plasmabearbeitungsphase in einem Plasmabearbeitungsbehälter oberflächenmodifiziert. Durch diese Oberflächenmodifizierung in einem Plasma werden chemische Ätzbäder überflüssig. Dabei besteht keine Gefahr, daß Chemikalien über das Fasermaterial in die Umwelt freigesetzt werden, da die Plasmabearbeitungsphase in einem Hochvakuum durchgeführt wird. Selbst an dem Fasermaterial anhaftende flüchtige oder lose Bestandteile einer vorangehenden Reinigung oder anderen chemischen Behandlung werden in der Plasmabearbeitungsphase abgelöst und verbleiben in der Bearbeitungsanlage. According to the invention, the fiber material in one Plasma processing phase in a plasma processing container surface-modified. Through this surface modification chemical etching baths are in a plasma superfluous. There is no risk of chemicals released into the environment via the fiber material because the plasma processing phase is in a high vacuum is carried out. Even on the fiber material adhering volatile or loose components of a preceding one Cleaning or other chemical treatment are replaced in the plasma processing phase and remain in the processing system.
Der Plasmabearbeitungsprozeß wird dadurch unterstützt, daß das Fasermaterial zunächst in einer lösungsmittelunterstützten Reiningungsphase gereinigt und anschließend in einer Vakuumtrocknungsphase getrocknet wird. Die lösungsmittelunterstützte Reinigungsphase, in der als Lösungsmittel Wasser, Kohlenwasserstoffe oder halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe, insbesondere Waschbenzin und Per, verwendet werden können, löst insbesondere feste Verunreinigungen von dem Fasermaterial. Durch die lösungsmittelunterstützte Reinigungsphase haften an dem Fasermaterial nur geringe Verunreinigungsmengen an, die in dem Plasmabearbeitungsprozeß abgetragen werden müßten.The plasma processing process is supported by that the fiber material first in a solvent-assisted Cleaning phase cleaned and then is dried in a vacuum drying phase. The solvent-assisted cleaning phase in which water, hydrocarbons or halogenated solvents Hydrocarbons, especially white spirit and Per, can be used, in particular solves solid contaminants from the fiber material. Through the solvent-assisted cleaning phase adhere to the Fiber material to only small amounts of contamination would have to be removed in the plasma processing process.
In der Vakuumtrocknungsphase werden dem Fasermaterial flüchtige oder flüssige Stoffe entzogen, so daß während der nachfolgenden Plasmabearbeitungsphase ein hochfeines Vakuum aufrechterhalten werden kann. Dadurch läßt sich Fasermaterial gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren, und insbesondere in einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, sehr effektiv und mit hoher Qualität bearbeiten. Die behandelten Fasermaterialien aus Natur- oder Kunstfaser weisen für nachfolgende Bearbeitungsprozesse, beispielsweise eine Einbettung in Kunststoffe oder ein Verspinnen optimale Eigenschaften auf.In the vacuum drying phase, the fiber material volatile or liquid substances withdrawn, so that during the subsequent plasma processing phase a very fine one Vacuum can be maintained. This leaves fiber material according to the method according to the invention, and in particular in a device according to the invention, edit very effectively and with high quality. The treated fiber materials from natural or Synthetic fibers for subsequent processing processes, for example embedding in plastics or a spinning on optimal properties.
Vorzugsweise wird das in der Reinigungsphase gereinigte Fasermaterial unmittelbar und unter Ausschluß von Umgebungseinflüssen der Vakuumtrocknungsphase zugeführt. Dadurch wird die Gefahr einer erneuten Verschmutzung des Fasermaterials beseitigt. Wenn das in der Vakuumtrocknungsphase getrocknete Fasermaterial unmittelbar und unter Ausschluß von Umgebungseinflüssen in einer Vakuumatmosphäre der Plasmabearbeitungsphase zugeführt wird, wird auch zwischen diesen Prozeßschritten eine Gefahr der Verschmutzung des Fasermaterials verhindert. Darüber hinaus wird bei einer solchen Prozeßführung Energie eingespart, da es nicht erforderlich ist, das Fasermaterial nach der Trocknung auf das für Vakuumprozesse notwendige Druckniveau zu bringen.This is preferably cleaned in the cleaning phase Fiber material directly and to the exclusion of environmental influences the vacuum drying phase. This increases the risk of renewed pollution of the fiber material eliminated. If that's in the vacuum drying phase dried fiber material immediately and in the absence of environmental influences in one Vacuum atmosphere fed to the plasma processing phase between these process steps Prevents contamination of the fiber material. In addition, such litigation Saving energy since it is not necessary that Fiber material after drying on the for vacuum processes bring necessary pressure level.
Zur Rückgewinnung von Flüssigkeiten, mit denen das Fasermaterial während der Reinigungsphase behandelt wird, werden die in dem in der Vakuumtrocknungsphase abgesaugten Gasstrom enthaltenen Dampfanteile abgeschieden. Die Prozeßführung ist dabei vorzugsweise so, daß die abgesaugten Dampfanteile fraktioniert werden, so daß hochreines Reinigungsmittel zur Verfügung steht.For the recovery of liquids with which the fiber material is treated during the cleaning phase, are vacuumed in the vacuum drying phase Vapor contents contained in the gas stream are separated. The process is preferably such that the extracted steam components are fractionated so that high purity detergent is available.
Das hochreine Reinigungsmittel sollte zunächst in einer letzten Reinigungsstufe der Reinigungsphase verwendet werden, wobei das Reinigungsmittel danach im Gegenstrom zum zu reinigenden Fasermaterial geführt werden sollte. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, daß das Fasermaterial abschließend mit einem Reinigungsmittel bearbeitet wird, das die höchstmögliche Reinheit aufweist.The high-purity cleaning agent should first be in one last cleaning stage of the cleaning phase used be, the detergent then in countercurrent should be led to the fiber material to be cleaned. This ensures that the fiber material is final is processed with a cleaning agent, that has the highest possible purity.
Das Verfahren zur Behandlung von Fasermaterial läßt sich vorteilhaft in einer speziell ausgebildeten Vorrichtung durchführen, bei der ein Reinigungsbehälter, ein Vakuumtrockner und ein Plasmabearbeitungsbehälter über druckfeste Leitungen miteinander verbunden sind. Vorzugsweise weist eine solche Vorrichtung Führungsvorrichtungen und Materialschleusen auf, so daß strangförmiges Fasermaterial, insbesondere Kammzug von Schafwolle oder Kunstfaserstränge, bearbeitbar sind. Zur Erzeugung des Vakuums im Vakuumtrockner und in dem Plasmabearbeitungsbehälter ist vorzugsweise eine gemeinsame Vakuumpumpe vorgesehen, wodurch der apparative Aufwand für die Vorrichtung begrenzt wird.The process for treating fiber material leaves advantageous in a specially designed device with a cleaning container, a vacuum dryer and a plasma processing tank are connected to each other via pressure-resistant lines. Such a device preferably has guide devices and material locks, so that strand-like Fibrous material, especially roving wool or synthetic fiber strands are editable. For generation of the vacuum in the vacuum dryer and in the plasma processing container is preferably a common one Vacuum pump provided, which saves equipment is limited for the device.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen sowie aus den Zeichnungen im Zusammenhang mit der Beschreibung.Further advantageous refinements and developments the invention emerge from the subclaims and from the drawings in connection with the description.
Nachfolgend wird anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsformen die Erfindung näher beschrieben.The following is based on preferred embodiments the invention described in more detail.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine erste Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Fasermaterial und
- Fig. 2
- eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Fasermaterial.
- Fig. 1
- a first embodiment of an apparatus for treating fiber material and
- Fig. 2
- a second embodiment of an apparatus for treating fiber material.
Die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von
Fasermaterial 100 weist einen Reinigungsbehälter 102,
einen diesem nachgeschalteten Vakuumtrockner 104 und
einen dem Vakuumtrockner 104 nachgeschalteten Plasmabearbeitungsbehälter
106 mit einer Materialaustrittsschleuse
108 auf. Der Reinigungsbehälter 102, der Vakuumtrockner
104, der Plasmabearbeitungsbehälter 106 und
die Materialaustrittsschleuse sind derart mit Führungsvorrichtungen
(nicht gezeigt) versehen, daß ein
strangförmiges Fasermaterial kontinuierlich durch diese
hindurch entlang dem strichpunktiert gezeigten Bearbeitungsweg
in Richtung des Pfeils A transportierbar ist. The device shown in Fig. 1 for the treatment of
Der Reinigungsbehälter 102 weist ein geschlossenes Gehäuse
110 auf, an dessen Eintrittsseite eine erste Materialschleuse
112 und an dessen Austrittsseite eine
zweite Materialschleuse 114 angeordnet ist. Die Materialschleusen
sind so ausgelegt, daß das Fasermaterial
ohne Behinderung in den Reinigungsbehälter 102 hinein
und wieder heraus geführt werden kann, Umgebungsluft
jedoch weitgehend abgeschlossen wird. Der Reinigungsbehälter
102 weist außerdem drei Tauchbecken 116,118,
120 auf, die teilweise mit einem Reinigungsmittel füllbar
sind, so daß das Fasermaterial in ihnen getaucht
werden kann. Zwischen den einzelnen Tauchbecken
116,118,120 können Überläufe vorgesehen sein, so daß
das Reinigungsmittel im Gegenstrom zum Fasermaterial
kaskadenartig von dem letzten Tauchbecken 120 über das
mittlere Tauchbecken 118 zum ersten Tauchbecken strömt.
Außerdem sind in dem Reinigungsbehälter 102 Düsen
122,124,126 vorgesehen, aus denen ein Reinigungsmittel
oder ein Reinigungsmittel-Luft-Gemisch austritt, mit
dem das Fasermaterial abgespritzt wird. Das in dem Reinigungsbehälter
102 verwendete Reinigungsmittel wird
über Ablaufleitungen 128 einer Reinigungsmittel-Aufbereitungsanlage
130 zugeführt, in welcher aus dem Reinigungsmittel
Verschmutzungen abgeschieden werden. Von
der Reinigungsmittel-Aufbereitungsanlage 130 führt eine
Reinigungsmittelleitung 132 zu den Düsen 122,124, die
im Bereich des ersten und zweiten Tauchbeckens 116,118
angeordnet sind und dort eine Vor- und eine Zwischenreinigung
durchführen.The
Der Reinigungsbehälter 102 ist direkt an den Vakuumtrockner
104 angeschlossen, der eine erste Vakuumkammer
134, eine zweite Vakuumkammer 136 und eine dritte Vakuumkammer
138 aufweist. Die Vakuumkammern 134,136,138
sind über Saugleitungen 140 an eine Vakuumpumpe 142
angeschlossen. Von der Vakuumpumpe 142 verläuft eine
Dampfleitung 144 zu einem Kondensator 136, der als Rektifizierkolonne
ausgeführt ist. In diesem Kondensator
136 wird hochreines Reinigungsmittel abgeschieden, das
von einer in einer Versorgungsleitung 148 angeordneten
Pumpe 150 zu den in dem Reinigungsbehälter 102 angeordneten
Düsen 126 transportiert wird, die im Bereich des
dritten Tauchbeckens 120 angeordnet sind. Mit diesen
Düsen 126 wird eine Endreinigung durchgeführt. Die zu
der Vakuumpumpe 142 führenden Saugleitungen sind derart
dimensioniert und/oder mit Einstellventilen versehen,
daß in den Vakuumkammern 134,136,138 ein zunehmend
stärkeres Vakuum erzeugt werden kann.The
In Transportrichtung (Pfeil A) des Fasermaterials ist
stromab des Vakuumtrockners 104 unmittelbar der Plasmabearbeitungsbehälter
106 angeordnet. Dieser weist keine
eigene Saugquelle auf und wird über den Vakuumtrockner
104 evakuiert. Die zur Erzeugung eines Plasmas in dem
Plasmabearbeitungsbehälter 106 erforderlichen Elektroden
sowie ggf. Inert- und/oder Reaktionsgasanschlüsse
sind nicht gezeigt.In the direction of transport (arrow A) of the fiber material
downstream of the
Das im Plasmabearbeitungsbehälter 106 behandelte Fasermaterial
kann über die Materialaustrittsschleuse 108,
die eine erste Austrittskammer 152, eine zweite Austrittskammer
154 und eine dritte Austrittskammer 156
aufweist, kontinuierlich ausgeschleust und einer weiteren
Verarbeitung, beispielsweise in einer Spinn- oder
Wirkmaschine, oder einem Einbettungsprozeß zugeführt
werden. Anstelle der Materialaustrittsschleuse 108 kann
jedoch auch ein Materialbehälter vorgesehen sein, in
welchem das Fasermaterial zunächst zwischengelagert,
insbesondere aufgespult, wird. Wenn ein solcher Materialbehälter
voll ist, kann er durch einen neuen Materialbehälter
ersetzt werden. Um den apparativen Aufwand
gering zu halten, sind die Materialaustrittskammern
152,154,156 über Saugleitungen 158 mit der Vakuumpumpe
142 verbunden. Das Druckniveau in den Materialaustrittskammern
152,154,156 ist dabei so eingestellt, daß
ein Eindringen von Umgebungsluft in den Plasmabearbeitungsbehälter
106 durch die Materialaustrittsschleuse
108 verhindert wird.The fiber material treated in the
Die in Fig. 2 gezeigte Vorrichtung 200 zur Behandlung
von Fasermaterial gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform
unterscheidet sich von der Vorrichtung 100 gemäß der
ersten Ausführungsform in Fig. 1 lediglich durch die
Ausgestaltung des Vakuumtrockners 204 und der Materialaustrittsschleuse
208. Vorrichtungsteile der Vorrichtung
200 gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform, die Vorrichtungsteilen
der Vorrichtung 100 gemäß der ersten
Ausführungsform entsprechen, sind daher mit Bezugszeichen
versehen, die um 100 gegenüber der ersten Ausführungsform
erhöht sind. Auf die Beschreibung dieser Teile
im Zusammenhang mit der ersten Ausführungsform wird
insoweit verwiesen.The
Der Vakuumtrockner 204 der Vorrichtung 200 gemäß der
zweiten Ausführungsform weist drei erste Vakuumpumpen
260,262,264 auf, die jeweils individuell der ersten,
zweiten bzw. dritten Vakuumkammer 234,236,238 zugeordnet
sind und ein in den einzelnen Vakuumkammern
234,236,238 individuell einstellbares Vakuum erzeugen. The
Der durch die drei ersten Vakuumpumpen 260,262,264 hervorgerufene apparative Aufwand ist zwar höher als der durch eine gemeinsame Vakuumpumpe hervorgerufene, jedoch steht diesem höheren Aufwand eine leichtere Einstellbarkeit der Prozeßführung gegenüber.The one caused by the first three vacuum pumps 260,262,264 apparatus expenditure is higher than that caused by a common vacuum pump, however this higher effort is easier to adjust towards litigation.
Ferner weist die Materialschleuse 208 bei der Vorrichtung
200 gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform weitere Vakuumpumpen
266,268,270 auf, die jeweils individuell
einer Materialaustrittskammer 252,254,256 zugeordnet
sind. Da für die Materialaustrittsschleuse separate
Vakuumpumpen 266,268,270 vorgesehen sind, kann der von
diesen Pumpen abgesaugte Gasstrom separat von dem von
den Vakuumpumpen 260,262,264 abgesaugten Gasstrom aufbereitet
werden. Dadurch wird die Aufbereitung von aus
dem Plasmabearbeitungsbehälter 206 abgesaugten Gasen
einerseits und von im Vakuumtrockner 204 abgesaugten
flüssigen und flüchtigen Bestandteilen erleichtert.
Vorzugsweise sind die ersten Vakuumpumpen 260,262,264
und die weiteren Vakuumpumpen 266,268,270 so eingestellt,
daß der Plasmabearbeitungsbehälter 206 über die
weiteren Vakuumpumpen 266,268,270 evakuiert wird.Furthermore, the
Claims (23)
- A process for treating fibrous material, especially sliver, textiles, nonwoven fabrics and wool fiber bunches, in which the fiber material is at first cleaned in a cleaning phase with support from a solvent, is then dried in a vacuum drying phase, and then is surface modified in a plasma treatment phase.
- A process according to claim 1, wherein a wet or steam cleaning operation is performed in the cleaning phase with support from a solvent.
- A process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fibrous material cleaned in the cleaning phase is immediately supplied to the vacuum drying phase without being subject to ambient influences.
- A process according to one of claims 1-3, wherein the fibrous material dried in the drying phase is immediately supplied to a plasma treatment device, in a vacuum atmosphere, without being subject to ambient influences, in which device the fibrous material is surface modified in the plasma treatment phase.
- A process according to one of claims 1-4, wherein the vacuum is gradually increased in the vacuum drying phase.
- A process according to one of claims 1-5, wherein the fluids withdrawn from the fibrous material in the vacuum drying phase are separated from the flow of gas exhausted to be reused.
- A process according to claim 6, wherein the fluids withdrawn from the fibrous material in the vacuum drying phase are treated and reused as a cleaning agent.
- A process according to one of claims 1-7, wherein cleaning agent used in a final cleaning step of the cleaning phase is drained off and supplied to an earlier cleaning step of the cleaning phase.
- A process according to one of claims 1-8, wherein cleaning agent used in the cleaning phase is collected, treated and reused.
- A process according to one of claims 1-9, wherein the fibers are plasma etched in the plasma treatment phase.
- A process according to one of claims 1-10, wherein water or per are used as cleaning agent.
- A device for treating fibrous material, especially sliver, textiles, nonwoven fabrics and wool fiber bunches, with a cleaning vessel (102;202) for cleaning the fibrous material with support from a solvent, a vacuum drier (104;204) and a plasma treatment vessel (106;206).
- A device according to claim 12, wherein the cleaning vessel (102;202) comprises immersion basins (116,118,120;216,218,220) for a wet cleaning operation and/or nozzles (122,124,126;222,224,226) for a steam or spray cleaning operation.
- A device according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the vacuum drier (104; 204) is connected to the cleaning vessel (102;202), directly or via a pressure resistant conduit.
- A device according to one of claims 12-14, wherein the plasma treatment vessel (106; 206) is connected to the vacuum drier (104;204), directly or via a pressure resistant conduit.
- A device according to one of claims 12-15, wherein the vacuum drier (104) comprises several chambers (134,136,138) connected to a shared vacuum pump (142), the vacuum pump (142) being designed to evacuate the plasma treatment vessel (106) when the device (100) is operated.
- A device according to one of claims 12-16, wherein a condenser (146; 246) is provided to separate fluids from the flow of gas exhausted from the vacuum drier (104;204), the outlet of which condenser is connected to the cleaning vessel (102;202), preferably via a pump (150;250) and a supply conduit (148;248).
- A device according to claim 17, wherein the condenser (146;246) is provided in the manner of a stripping column.
- A device according to one of claims 12-18, wherein the cleaning agent is led in the cleaning vessel (102; 202) in the counterflow to the transporting direction the fibrous material.
- A device according to one of claims 12-19, wherein a cleaning agent treatment device (130; 230) is connected to the cleaning vessel (102; 202) to treat and reuse cleaning agent.
- A device according to one of claims 12-21, wherein guiding means and material locks (112,114,108;212,214,208) are provided for the transport of fibrous material in the shape of strands.
- A device according to one of claims 12-21, wherein the vacuum drier (104; 204) is provided as a material inlet lock for the plasma treatment vessel (106;206).
- A device according to one of claims 12-22, wherein the plasma treatment vessel (106;206) comprises a material outlet lock (108;208) having multiple chambers (152,154,156;252,254,256) connected to vacuum pumps (142;266,268,270) and arranged to produce a vacuum in the chambers (152,154,156; 252,254,256) which vacuum increases from the environment towards the plasma treatment vessel (106;206).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19634725A DE19634725A1 (en) | 1996-08-28 | 1996-08-28 | Method and device for treating fiber material |
| DE19634725 | 1996-08-28 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0826814A2 EP0826814A2 (en) | 1998-03-04 |
| EP0826814A3 EP0826814A3 (en) | 1998-08-05 |
| EP0826814B1 true EP0826814B1 (en) | 2003-09-24 |
Family
ID=7803897
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97114629A Expired - Lifetime EP0826814B1 (en) | 1996-08-28 | 1997-08-23 | Process and apparatus for treatment of fibrous material |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5960648A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0826814B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19634725A1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT826814E (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005010271A1 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2005-02-03 | Universita' Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca | Method for working polymeric and inorganic materials with plasma |
| US8281734B2 (en) * | 2006-05-02 | 2012-10-09 | Dow Corning Ireland, Ltd. | Web sealing device |
| EP2013396A1 (en) * | 2006-05-02 | 2009-01-14 | Dow Corning Ireland Limited | Fluid replacement system |
| DE102007037984A1 (en) | 2007-08-10 | 2009-02-12 | Leibniz-Institut für Plasmaforschung und Technologie e.V. | Process for textile cleaning and disinfection by means of plasma and plasma lock |
| US10358540B2 (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2019-07-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Process and system for reducing volatile compound emissions from a product |
| CN115873249B (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2024-06-28 | 黄山金石木塑料科技有限公司 | Plasma-treated fiber-reinforced polyimide material and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3808846A (en) * | 1969-06-23 | 1974-05-07 | Vepa Ag | Apparatus for the continuous treatment of natural and synthetic fibers with a solvent |
| US3922738A (en) * | 1971-12-13 | 1975-12-02 | Riggs & Lombard Inc | Method for treating a running fabric web |
| IL40966A (en) * | 1972-11-29 | 1976-07-30 | Klier S | Process for continuous treatment of textile materials |
| US4065137A (en) * | 1976-08-24 | 1977-12-27 | Armstrong Cork Company | Plasma-process vacuum seal |
| US4507539A (en) * | 1982-01-06 | 1985-03-26 | Sando Iron Works Co., Ltd. | Method for continuous treatment of a cloth with the use of low-temperature plasma and an apparatus therefor |
| EP0206023A3 (en) * | 1985-06-17 | 1988-08-10 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | A method of manufacturing fiber-reinforced composite materials |
| JP2944167B2 (en) * | 1990-08-21 | 1999-08-30 | ユニチカ株式会社 | Modification method of polyester fiber |
| JPH04163380A (en) * | 1990-10-22 | 1992-06-08 | Unitika Ltd | Method for processing of preventing textile fabric from varying color |
| JPH0657660A (en) * | 1992-06-09 | 1994-03-01 | Unitika Ltd | Production of dyed woven or knitted fabric |
| JPH06123062A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-05-06 | Ii C Kagaku Kk | Method for modifying fur |
| JP3164920B2 (en) * | 1992-11-20 | 2001-05-14 | 株式会社山東鉄工所 | Fabric pretreatment method and apparatus |
-
1996
- 1996-08-28 DE DE19634725A patent/DE19634725A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-08-23 EP EP97114629A patent/EP0826814B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-23 DE DE59710775T patent/DE59710775D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-23 PT PT97114629T patent/PT826814E/en unknown
- 1997-08-27 US US08/917,931 patent/US5960648A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5960648A (en) | 1999-10-05 |
| EP0826814A2 (en) | 1998-03-04 |
| DE59710775D1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
| EP0826814A3 (en) | 1998-08-05 |
| DE19634725A1 (en) | 1998-03-05 |
| PT826814E (en) | 2004-02-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE60104188T2 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING WATER / WASTEWATER | |
| DE69310425T2 (en) | Method and device for cleaning metal articles and device for rinsing metal articles | |
| DE3248730A1 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUSLY TREATING A FABRIC RAIL WITH THE AID OF A LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMA | |
| DE2263462A1 (en) | SPRAY DEVICE FOR TREATMENT OF METAL SURFACES | |
| EP0826814B1 (en) | Process and apparatus for treatment of fibrous material | |
| DE1692965A1 (en) | Process for the treatment of runoff from painting or painting plants | |
| DE69120815T2 (en) | Treatment method of animal fibers | |
| DE2059859C3 (en) | Method and device for preparing detergent-containing wastewater by ozone | |
| DE69512460T2 (en) | Apparatus for treating a filter cake | |
| DE8913496U1 (en) | Device for elution of granular wash material | |
| EP0030670B1 (en) | Method for scouring chemical fibres subsequent to the spinning thereof | |
| EP0864636A1 (en) | Process and apparatus for treating cooling lubricants for machine tools or similar | |
| EP0569841A1 (en) | Device for separating wax particles from the circulating water of a spray booth | |
| DE323649T1 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DECONTAMINATING MATERIAL. | |
| EP0608700A1 (en) | Process for the recovery of a fluid dissolved in a rinsing bath | |
| DE2456132A1 (en) | PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR DESIZING FABRICS | |
| EP0570738A1 (en) | Method and device for coating hollow bodies | |
| DE10153483A1 (en) | Separating solid particles from aqueous solution comprises feeding solution into centrifuge drum rotated at high speed to separate particles/solution and at reduced speed to rinse particles with rinsing agent | |
| EP0716625B1 (en) | Method of removing filling fluid and other soluble residues from the bore cavity of hollow fibres | |
| EP1363723B1 (en) | Method and cleaning system for cleaning membrane modules | |
| DE2820815C2 (en) | Continuous machine for removing photoresists and / or screen printing inks from substrates | |
| DE2944929A1 (en) | DEVICE FOR RECOVERING REMAINS OF SOLVENTS FROM TREATED TEXTILE MATERIAL | |
| EP4110982A1 (en) | Method and device for producing spunbonded fabric | |
| DE3229194A1 (en) | Process for the cleaning of textile material | |
| DE69202737T2 (en) | Washing processes for workpieces, washing processes for resin molded products and processes for producing resin molded products. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT PT |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;RO;SI |
|
| PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;RO;SI |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19990204 |
|
| AKX | Designation fees paid |
Free format text: DE ES FR GB IT PT |
|
| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT PT |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT PT |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59710775 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20031030 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20040104 |
|
| GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20040112 |
|
| ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20040625 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20140821 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20140819 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20140827 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: PT Payment date: 20140224 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20141029 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 59710775 Country of ref document: DE Ref country code: PT Ref legal event code: MM4A Free format text: LAPSE DUE TO NON-PAYMENT OF FEES Effective date: 20160223 |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20150823 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150823 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160223 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20160429 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150823 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160301 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150831 |