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EP0826787A2 - Light structural steel and its use for car parts and facades - Google Patents

Light structural steel and its use for car parts and facades Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0826787A2
EP0826787A2 EP97114438A EP97114438A EP0826787A2 EP 0826787 A2 EP0826787 A2 EP 0826787A2 EP 97114438 A EP97114438 A EP 97114438A EP 97114438 A EP97114438 A EP 97114438A EP 0826787 A2 EP0826787 A2 EP 0826787A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lightweight steel
steel according
steel
und
aluminum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP97114438A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0826787A3 (en
Inventor
Bernhard Dr. Engl
Jochen Dr. Kruse
Georg Prof. Dr. Frommeyer
Wolfgang Dr. Müschenborn
Carl-Peter Dr. Reip
Martin Prof. Dr. Stratmann
Margrit Dannenfeldt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Max Planck Institut fuer Eisenforschung
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Friedrich Alexander Universitaet Erlangen Nuernberg
Original Assignee
Thyssen Stahl AG
Fried Krupp AG Hoesch Krupp
Max Planck Institut fuer Eisenforschung
Friedrich Alexander Universitaet Erlangen Nuernberg
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Application filed by Thyssen Stahl AG, Fried Krupp AG Hoesch Krupp, Max Planck Institut fuer Eisenforschung, Friedrich Alexander Universitaet Erlangen Nuernberg filed Critical Thyssen Stahl AG
Publication of EP0826787A2 publication Critical patent/EP0826787A2/en
Publication of EP0826787A3 publication Critical patent/EP0826787A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/934—Electrical process
    • Y10S428/935—Electroplating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/936—Chemical deposition, e.g. electroless plating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/937—Sprayed metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/938—Vapor deposition or gas diffusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12757—Fe
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-strength lightweight steel and its use for vehicle parts and Facade cladding.
  • EP-A-0 401 098 considers steels with less than 3.3% Si and 1.5 and 8% Al for soft magnetic sheets, which have a sharp (100) (001) texture (cube layer). Interstitial contaminants must be below 50 ppm , C below 30 ppm.
  • the set texture is for Forming processes, such as deep drawing or stretch drawing not suitable.
  • DE 43 03 316 A describes steels with 13 to 16% Al and partly higher levels of other alloying elements (Cr, Nb, Ta, W, Si, B, Ti) for oxidation and corrosion-resistant parts.
  • DE 32 01 816 A discloses alloys with 1 to 10% Al for parts that are exposed to high temperatures (in the range of 750 up to 900 ° C come into contact with liquids that Contain hydrocarbons, so there are none Carbon deposit is coming.
  • the surface of the parts can be pre-oxidized.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a steel with a density significantly below 7.6 g / cm 3 , high strength with good cold formability and at the same time improved resistance to atmospheric corrosion than conventional deep-drawing steels have.
  • the aluminum content is preferably in the range from 7 to 9%. Furthermore, the steel with titanium and / or niobium from be at least 0.03% alloyed.
  • the deep and stretchable higher aluminum containing Steel is melted, cast in the strand, rolled in the Temperature range above the recrystallization temperature or cast as a band.
  • the steel will either processed as hot strip directly or after hot rolling cold rolled with a degree of deformation greater than 20%.
  • the Cold strip is then annealed to recrystallize.
  • the steel in the form of sheets is particularly suitable for use in traffic engineering and as facade cladding.
  • a suitable thermal aftertreatment at elevated temperature can form dense Al 2 O 3 layers.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft einen höherfesten Leichtbaustahl und seine Verwendung für Fahrzeugteile und Fassadenverkleidungen. Kennzeichen der Erfindung ist ein rein ferritischer Stahl mit > 5 bis 9 % Al, < 0,2 % Si und 0,03 bis 0,2 % Mn.The invention relates to a high-strength lightweight steel and its use for vehicle parts and Facade cladding. Characteristic of the invention is a purely ferritic steel with> 5 to 9% Al, <0.2% Si and 0.03 to 0.2% Mn.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen höherfesten Leichtbaustahl und seine Verwendung für Fahrzeugteile und Fassadenverkleidungen.The invention relates to a high-strength lightweight steel and its use for vehicle parts and Facade cladding.

Alle nachfolgenden Gehaltsangaben sind Masse-%.All of the following salary figures are mass%.

Höherfeste Stähle wurden für die Fahrzeugindustrie mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften entwickelt und werden bereits in nennenswertem Maße in der Produktion eingesetzt. Über eine Verminderung der Blechdicke infolge höherer Festigkeiten lassen sich im Vergleich zu herkömmlichem weichen Stahl Gewichtsreduzierungen erzielen. Zur Gewährleistung ausreichender Korrosionsbeständigkeit wurden verschiedene Oberflächenbeschichtungsverfahren entwickelt (Stahl-Eisen-Werkstoffblatt SEW 094 und SEW 093; Stahl und Eisen 106 (1986), Nr. 12, S. 21-38 und 114 (1994), Nr. 7, S. 47-53).Higher strength steels were used for the automotive industry different properties are developed and are already to a significant extent in production used. About a reduction in sheet thickness as a result higher strengths can be compared conventional soft steel weight reductions achieve. To ensure sufficient Corrosion resistance was different Surface coating process developed (steel-iron material sheet SEW 094 and SEW 093; Steel and Iron 106 (1986), No. 12, pp. 21-38 and 114 (1994), No. 7, Pp. 47-53).

Stähle mit höheren Aluminiumgehalten sind bekannt. So offenbart die EP-A-0 495 121 Stähle mit bis zu 7 % Al, mehr als 0,5 % Si, 0,1 bis 8 % Mn, und weniger als 0,01 % C, N, O, P zur Schwingungs- und Geräuschdämpfung in Maschinen.Steels with higher aluminum contents are known. So discloses EP-A-0 495 121 steels with up to 7% Al, more than 0.5% Si, 0.1 to 8% Mn, and less than 0.01% C, N, O, P for vibration and noise damping in Machinery.

EP-A-0 401 098 berücksichtigt Stähle mit weniger als 3,3 % Si und 1,5 und 8 % Al für weichmagnetische Bleche, die eine scharfe (100)(001) Textur (Würfellage) besitzen. Interstitielle Verunreinigungen müssen unter 50 ppm liegen, C unter 30 ppm. Die eingestellte Textur ist für Umformverfahren, wie das Tief- bzw. Streckziehen ungeeignet.EP-A-0 401 098 considers steels with less than 3.3% Si and 1.5 and 8% Al for soft magnetic sheets, which have a sharp (100) (001) texture (cube layer). Interstitial contaminants must be below 50 ppm , C below 30 ppm. The set texture is for Forming processes, such as deep drawing or stretch drawing not suitable.

DE 43 03 316 A beschreibt Stähle mit 13 bis 16 % Al und z.T. höheren Gehalten weiterer Legierungselemente (Cr, Nb, Ta, W, Si, B, Ti) für oxidations- und korrosionsbeständige Teile.DE 43 03 316 A describes steels with 13 to 16% Al and partly higher levels of other alloying elements (Cr, Nb, Ta, W, Si, B, Ti) for oxidation and corrosion-resistant parts.

DE 32 01 816 A gibt Legierungen mit 1 bis 10 % Al bekannt für Teile, die bei hohen Temperaturen (im Bereich von 750 bis 900 °C in Kontakt mit Flüssigkeiten kommen, die Kohlenwasserstoffe enthalten, so daß es zu keiner Kohlenstoffablagerung kommt. Die Oberfläche der Teile kann voroxidiert werden.DE 32 01 816 A discloses alloys with 1 to 10% Al for parts that are exposed to high temperatures (in the range of 750 up to 900 ° C come into contact with liquids that Contain hydrocarbons, so there are none Carbon deposit is coming. The surface of the parts can be pre-oxidized.

Der geschilderte Stand der Technik ist mit folgenden Nachteilen behaftet:

  • Gewichtseinsparungen lassen sich nur über eine Reduzierung der Blechdicke erreichen oder durch zusätzliche Maßnahmen konstruktiver und/oder fügetechnischer Art;
  • der erforderliche Korrosionsschutz kann allein durch die Zusatzmaßnahme von Oberflächenbeschich-tungen erbracht werden.
The described prior art has the following disadvantages:
  • Weight savings can only be achieved by reducing the sheet thickness or by additional measures of a constructive and / or joining technology type;
  • the required corrosion protection can be provided solely by the additional measure of surface coatings.

Gut umformbare oder tief- und streckziehfähige, kaltwalzbare und rekristallisierend geglühte höheraluminiumhaltige Tiefziehstähle, wie sie für die Anwendung in der Verkehrstechnik oder als Fassadenverkleidungen gebraucht werden, gehören nicht zum Stand der Technik. Easily formable or deep-drawable, cold-rollable and recrystallized annealed higher aluminum containing Thermoformed steels, such as those used in the Traffic technology or used as facade cladding are not part of the state of the art.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist daher die Schaffung eines Stahls mit einer Dichte deutlich unter 7,6 g/cm3, hoher Festigkeit bei guter Kaltumformbarkeit und gleichzeitig verbessertem Widerstand gegen atmosphärische Korrosion, als es konventionelle Tiefziehstähle besitzen.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a steel with a density significantly below 7.6 g / cm 3 , high strength with good cold formability and at the same time improved resistance to atmospheric corrosion than conventional deep-drawing steels have.

Der erfindungsgemäße rein ferritische Stahl ist gekennzeichnet durch mehr als 5 bis 9 % Al, < 0,2 % Si, 0,03 bis 0,2 % Mn, Rest Eisen und erschmelzungsbedingte Verunreinigungen, einschließlich bis höchstens 1 % in Summe Cu + Mo + W + Co + Cr + Ni und max. 0,1 % in Summe Sc + Y + Seltene Erden. Er kann zusätzlich

  • bis 0,1 % C
  • bis 0,5 % in Summe Ti + Zr + Hf + V + Nb + Ta
  • bis 0,01 % B
  • bis 0,1 % P
    • enthalten.The purely ferritic steel according to the invention is characterized by more than 5 to 9% Al, <0.2% Si, 0.03 to 0.2% Mn, the rest iron and melting-related impurities, including up to at most 1% in total Cu + Mo + W + Co + Cr + Ni and max. 0.1% in total Sc + Y + rare earths. He can additionally
  • up to 0.1% C
  • up to 0.5% in total Ti + Zr + Hf + V + Nb + Ta
  • up to 0.01% B
  • up to 0.1% P
    • contain.

    Bevorzugt liegt der Aluminiumgehalt im Bereich von 7 bis 9 %. Weiterhin kann der Stahl mit Titan und/oder Niob von mindestens 0,03 % legiert sein.The aluminum content is preferably in the range from 7 to 9%. Furthermore, the steel with titanium and / or niobium from be at least 0.03% alloyed.

    Besondere Kennzeichen der Stahlzusammensetzung sind:

    • der erfindungsgemäße Stahl ist rein ferritisch;
    • er ist im Si-Gehalt auf max. 0,2 % begrenzt und
    • weist einen geringen Kohlenstoffgehalt unter 0,1 % und keine legierungsrelevanten Gehalte an Cu, Mo, W, Co, Cr, Ni, Se, Y und Seltenen Erdmetallen auf.
    Special characteristics of the steel composition are:
    • the steel according to the invention is purely ferritic;
    • its Si content is max. 0.2% limited and
    • has a low carbon content below 0.1% and no alloy-relevant contents of Cu, Mo, W, Co, Cr, Ni, Se, Y and rare earth metals.

    Der erfindungsgemäße Stahl hat eine unerwartet gute Kombination bisher nicht bekannter vorteilhafter Eigenschaften, die sich wie folgt beschreiben lassen:

    • Festigkeitskennwerte sind gegenüber herkömmlichem weichen Tiefziehstahl deutlich erhöht;
    • Verformbarkeit ist, gemessen an der Festigkeit, vergleichsweise gut;
    • Dichte ist gegenüber herkömmlichen Tiefziehstählen deutlich verringert;
    • Korrosionsbeständigkeit ist erheblich verbessert.
    The steel according to the invention has an unexpectedly good combination of previously unknown advantageous properties, which can be described as follows:
    • Strength values are significantly increased compared to conventional soft deep-drawing steel;
    • In terms of strength, deformability is comparatively good;
    • Density is significantly reduced compared to conventional deep-drawing steels;
    • Corrosion resistance is significantly improved.

    Der tief- und streckziehfähige höheraluminiumhaltige Stahl wird erschmolzen, im Strang vergossen, abgewalzt im Temperaturbereich oberhalb der Rekristallisierungstemperatur oder als Band abgegossen. Der Stahl wird entweder als Warmband direkt verarbeitet oder nach dem Warmwalzen kaltgewalzt mit einem Umformgrad von größer 20 %. Das Kaltband wird anschließend rekristallisierend geglüht.The deep and stretchable higher aluminum containing Steel is melted, cast in the strand, rolled in the Temperature range above the recrystallization temperature or cast as a band. The steel will either processed as hot strip directly or after hot rolling cold rolled with a degree of deformation greater than 20%. The Cold strip is then annealed to recrystallize.

    Aufgrund seiner guten Kaltumformbarkeit und geringen Dichte deutlich unter 7,6 g/cm3 eignet sich der Stahl in Form von Blechen besonders für die Anwendung in der Verkehrstechnik und als Fassadenverkleidung. Due to its good cold formability and low density, well below 7.6 g / cm 3 , the steel in the form of sheets is particularly suitable for use in traffic engineering and as facade cladding.

    BeispieleExamples

    Das Ausgangsmaterial wurde in einem Vakuuminduktionsofen erschmolzen und in Kokillen vergossen. Das Warmwalzen erfolgt im Temperaturbereich zwischen 800 °C und 1100 °C auf Dicken von 4 mm. Nach dem Beizen wurden Tafeln zwischen 5 und 92 % kaltgewalzt und im Anschluß daran zwischen 700 °C und 900 °C rekristallisierend geglüht.

  • Tabelle 1 gibt die chemische Zusammensetzung einiger untersuchter Stähle wieder.
  • Tabelle 2 zeigt die Festigkeits- und Umformkennwerte einiger untersuchter Stähle nach 70 %iger Umformung im rekristallisierend geglühten Zustand. Darin bedeuten:
    Rp
    - Streckgrenze
    Rm
    - Zugfestigkeit
    A80
    - Dehnung, Stablänge l = 80 mm
    E
    - Elastizitätsmodul
    rL
    - r-Wert (Anisotropiewert) in Längsrichtung
    n
    - n-Wert (Verfestigungsexponent)
  • Tabelle 3 weist für Proben im kaltgewalzten und geglühten Zustand sowie die warmgewalzten Proben gute Festigkeits- und Umformkennwerte aus, darunter A5 - Bruchdehnung bei l = 5 d.
  • Tabelle 4 zeigt den Einfluß des Kaltwalzgrades KVG in % auf die Umformkennwerte. Es ist ersichtlich, daß mit bis zu 70 % steigendem Kaltwalzgrad die r- und n-Werte deutlich zunehmen.
  • Tabelle 5 enthält die Ergebnisse von Erichsen-Tiefungen nach DIN 50101, die als praxisrelevante Umformeigenschaftsermittlung durchgeführt wurden.
  • Fig. 1 zeigt zyklische Stromdichte-Potentialkurven von Eisen-Aluminium-Legierungen im Vergleich zu Rein-Eisen. Eine Eisen-Aluminium-Legierung mit polierter Oberfläche, d.h. ohne schützende Oxidschicht, besitzt bereits eine bessere Korrosionseigensahaft als Reineisen. Durch eine elektrolytische Anreicherung der Obergläche mit Aluminium läßt sich die gute Korrosionseigenschaft von Eisen-Aluminium-Legierungen noch weiter steigern.
  • Fig. 2 zeigt, daß durch eine elektrolytische Anreicherung mit anschließender thermischer Nachbehandlung im Vergleich zu einer Legierung mit polierter Oberfläche, d.h. ohne schützende Oxidschicht, in sehr kurzen Zeiten dichte und korrosionsbeständige Oberflächenschichten herstellen lassen.
  • In Fig. 3 ist die Gewichtsreduktion von Eisen-Aluminium - Legierungen als Funktion des Aluminiumgehaltes aufgetragen. Es wird ersichtlich, daß sich mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl bei einem Aluminiumgehalt im beanspruchten Bereich von 3 bis 9 % eine Gewichtsersparnis von 4,5 bis 12 % erreichen läßt. Infolge der stark mischkristallverfestigenden Wirkung des Aluminiums in Fe-Al-Legierungen und des Vorhandenseins von Stahlbegleitelementen und Mikrolegierungselementen tritt eine beachtliche Zunahme der Festigkeit im Vergleich zu mikrolegierten Feinblechstählen auf. Außer den guten Festigkeits- und Umformeigenschaften bei einer deutlichen Gewichtseinsparung zeichnet sich der erfindungsgemäße Stahl durch eine höhere Korrosionsresistenz aus. Dieses kann durch eine chemische, elektrochemische oder thermische Behandlung noch weiter verbessert werden, wenn die Bildung einer aluminiumreichen Oberflächenschicht zur Entstehung einer schützenden Al2O3 - Deckschicht führt.
  • Tabelle 6 zeigt die Zunahme des Aluminiumgehalts an der Oberfläche einer durch elektrolytische Nachbehandlung bei 20 und 60 °C im aktiven (- 0,17 V gegen NHE), passiven (1,1 V gegen NHE) und transpassiven (10,65 V gegen NHE) Bereich oberflächlich mit Al angereicherten Eisenlegierung mit 8,5 % Al. Es ergab sich im Vergleich zu der unbehandelten Legierung eine Steigerung der Aluminiumkonzentration an der Oberfläche um fast 100 %. Gleiche Ergebnisse können auch durch elektrochemische Nachbehandlung mit Al erreicht werden.
    • The starting material was melted in a vacuum induction furnace and poured into molds. Hot rolling takes place in the temperature range between 800 ° C and 1100 ° C to thicknesses of 4 mm. After pickling, sheets were cold rolled between 5 and 92% and then recrystallized between 700 ° C and 900 ° C.
  • Table 1 shows the chemical composition of some investigated steels.
  • Table 2 shows the strength and forming characteristics of some investigated steels after 70% forming in the recrystallized annealed state. Where:
    R p
    - Stretch limit
    R m
    - Tensile strenght
    A80
    - Elongation, bar length l = 80 mm
    E
    - Modulus of elasticity
    rL
    - r value (anisotropy value) in the longitudinal direction
    n
    - n-value (hardening exponent)
  • Table 3 shows good strength and forming properties for samples in the cold-rolled and annealed condition as well as the hot-rolled samples, including A5 - elongation at break at l = 5 d.
  • Table 4 shows the influence of the cold rolling degree KVG in% on the forming characteristics. It can be seen that the r and n values increase significantly as the degree of cold rolling increases by up to 70%.
  • Table 5 contains the results of Erichsen cuppings according to DIN 50101, which were carried out as a practice-relevant determination of the forming properties.
  • 1 shows cyclic current density-potential curves of iron-aluminum alloys compared to pure iron. An iron-aluminum alloy with a polished surface, ie without a protective oxide layer, already has better corrosion properties than pure iron. The good corrosion properties of iron-aluminum alloys can be further increased by electrolytically enriching the surface with aluminum.
  • Fig. 2 shows that by electrolytic enrichment with subsequent thermal aftertreatment compared to an alloy with a polished surface, ie without a protective oxide layer, dense and corrosion-resistant surface layers can be produced in very short times.
  • 3 shows the weight reduction of iron-aluminum alloys as a function of the aluminum content. It can be seen that the steel according to the invention can achieve a weight saving of 4.5 to 12% with an aluminum content in the claimed range of 3 to 9%. As a result of the strong solid-solution strengthening effect of aluminum in Fe-Al alloys and the presence of accompanying steel elements and micro-alloying elements, there is a considerable increase in strength compared to micro-alloyed sheet steel. In addition to the good strength and forming properties with a significant weight saving, the steel according to the invention is characterized by a higher corrosion resistance. This can be further improved by chemical, electrochemical or thermal treatment if the formation of an aluminum-rich surface layer leads to the formation of a protective Al 2 O 3 cover layer.
  • Table 6 shows the increase in the aluminum content on the surface of an electrolytic aftertreatment at 20 and 60 ° C in the active (- 0.17 V against NHE), passive (1.1 V against NHE) and transpassive (10.65 V against NHE ) Area superficially with Al-enriched iron alloy with 8.5% Al. There was an increase in the aluminum concentration on the surface of almost 100% compared to the untreated alloy. The same results can also be achieved by electrochemical post-treatment with Al.

    • Durch eine geeignete thermische Nachbehandlung bei erhöhter Temperatur (600 bis 1200 °C) können dichte Al2O3-Schichten gebildet werden. Chemische Zusammensetzung in Gew.-%, C, N, O in ppm Stahl C Si Mn P S Al N O Nb 1 220 0,024 0,031 0,006 0,002 5,1 10 n.b. --- 2 130 0,024 0,034 0,006 0,002 7,0 15 n.b. --- 3 60 0,029 0,032 0,007 0,002 8,8 14 n.b. --- 4 39 0,01 0,10 0,008 n.b. 5,4 10 n.b. --- 5 39 0,01 0,12 n.b. n.b. 7,9 8 34 --- 6 36 0,01 0,14 n.b. n.b. 9,0 5 n.b. --- 7 260 0,04 0,19 0,008 0,003 5,1 25 n.b. --- 8 270 0,08 0,19 0,012 0,003 7,8 24 n.b. --- 9 100 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 7,4 16 20 0,05 10 100 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 7,4 16 19 0,1 11 100 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 7,4 16 19 0,2 12 100 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 7,4 16 18 0,4 Festigkeits- und Umformkennwerte in Längsrichtung Stahl Rp (MPa) Rm (MPa) A80 (%) E (GPa) rL-Wert n-Wert 1 340 440 28 190 0,79 0,195 2 390 490 28 180 0,73 0,175 3 440 540 n.b. 170 0,58 0,130 4 330 470 29 180 0,83 0,205 5 420 550 27 180 0,88 0,177 6 460 510 n.b. 170 n.b. n.b. 7 380 470 25 190 n.b. n.b. 8 480 570 22 180 n.b. n.b. 9 400 490 25 n.b. n.b. n.b. 10 310 450 30 n.b. n.b. n.b. 11 300 460 24 n.b. n.b. n.b. 12 310 470 31 n.b. n.b. n.b. Festigkeits- und Umformkennwerte in Querrichtung Stahl Rp (MPa) Rm (MPa) A5 (%) E (GPa) n 1 350 480 22 200 0,18 2 460 580 20 190 0,15 3 560 650 n.b. 180 n.b. 4 330 460 29 200 0,18 5 390 510 27 190 0,16 6 480 550 n.b. 170 n.b. r- und n-Wert des rekristallisierend geglühten Stahls 4 in Abhängigkeit des Kaltwalzgrades KVG in % KVG 5 10 15 20 30 50 70 92 rL 0,7 0,56 n.b. 0,61 0,72 0,77 0,80 0,42 n 0,16 0,16 0,16 0,16 0,17 0,175 0,195 0,19 Erichsen-Tiefung (Stempeldurchmesser = 20 mm) der rekristallisierend geglühten Stähle Stahl Blechdicke in mm Tiefung in mm 1 0,98 9,6 1 0,96 10,0 1 0,97 9,5 4 1,10 9,7 4 1,10 9,9

    Figure 00110001
    A suitable thermal aftertreatment at elevated temperature (600 to 1200 ° C) can form dense Al 2 O 3 layers. Chemical composition in% by weight, C, N, O in ppm stole C. Si Mn P S Al N O Nb 1 220 0.024 0.031 0.006 0.002 5.1 10th nb --- 2nd 130 0.024 0.034 0.006 0.002 7.0 15 nb --- 3rd 60 0.029 0.032 0.007 0.002 8.8 14 nb --- 4th 39 0.01 0.10 0.008 nb 5.4 10th nb --- 5 39 0.01 0.12 nb nb 7.9 8th 34 --- 6 36 0.01 0.14 nb nb 9.0 5 nb --- 7 260 0.04 0.19 0.008 0.003 5.1 25th nb --- 8th 270 0.08 0.19 0.012 0.003 7.8 24th nb --- 9 100 nb nb nb nb 7.4 16 20th 0.05 10th 100 nb nb nb nb 7.4 16 19th 0.1 11 100 nb nb nb nb 7.4 16 19th 0.2 12th 100 nb nb nb nb 7.4 16 18th 0.4 Strength and forming parameters in the longitudinal direction stole Rp (MPa) Rm (MPa) A80 (%) E (GPa) rL value n value 1 340 440 28 190 0.79 0.195 2nd 390 490 28 180 0.73 0.175 3rd 440 540 nb 170 0.58 0.130 4th 330 470 29 180 0.83 0.205 5 420 550 27 180 0.88 0.177 6 460 510 nb 170 nb nb 7 380 470 25th 190 nb nb 8th 480 570 22 180 nb nb 9 400 490 25th nb nb nb 10th 310 450 30th nb nb nb 11 300 460 24th nb nb nb 12th 310 470 31 nb nb nb Strength and forming parameters in the transverse direction stole Rp (MPa) Rm (MPa) A5 (%) E (GPa) n 1 350 480 22 200 0.18 2nd 460 580 20th 190 0.15 3rd 560 650 nb 180 nb 4th 330 460 29 200 0.18 5 390 510 27 190 0.16 6 480 550 nb 170 nb r- and n-value of the recrystallizing annealed steel 4 as a function of the cold rolling degree KVG in% KVG 5 10th 15 20th 30th 50 70 92 rL 0.7 0.56 nb 0.61 0.72 0.77 0.80 0.42 n 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.175 0.195 0.19 Erichsen cupping (punch diameter = 20 mm) of the recrystallized annealed steels stole Sheet thickness in mm Cupping in mm 1 0.98 9.6 1 0.96 10.0 1 0.97 9.5 4th 1.10 9.7 4th 1.10 9.9
    Figure 00110001

    Claims (7)

    Höherfester Leichtbaustahl, bestehend aus (in Masse-%): mehr als 5 bis 9 % Al < 0,2 % Si 0,03 bis 0,2 % Mn Rest Eisen und erschmelzungsbedingte    Verunreinigungen, einschließlich höchstens 1 % in Summe Cu + Mo + W + Co + Cr + Ni und bis 0,1 % in Summe Sc + Y + Seltenen Erden.Higher strength lightweight steel, consisting of (in mass%): more than 5 to 9% Al <0.2% Si 0.03 to 0.2% Mn Balance iron and melting-related Impurities, including a maximum of 1% in total Cu + Mo + W + Co + Cr + Ni and up to 0.1% in total Sc + Y + rare earths. Leichtbaustahl nach Anspruch 1,
    der zusätzlich legiert ist mit (in Masse-%) bis 0,1 % C bis 0,5 % in Summe Ti + Zr + Hf + V + Nb + Ta bis 0,01 % B bis 0,1 % P.     Lightweight steel according to claim 1,
    which is additionally alloyed with (in mass%) up to 0.1% C up to 0.5% in total Ti + Zr + Hf + V + Nb + Ta up to 0.01% B up to 0.1% P.     Leichtbaustahl nach Anspruch 1,
    jedoch mit 7 bis 9 % Al.    Lightweight steel according to claim 1,
    however with 7 to 9% Al.         Leichtbaustahl nach Anspruch 2, jedoch mit Titan und/oder Niob von mindestens 0,03 %.Lightweight steel according to claim 2, but with titanium and / or niobium of at least 0.03%. Leichtbaustahl nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die aus ihm erzeugten Bänder mit einer chemischen, elektrochemischen, organischen nicht-metallischen oder metallischen Beschichtung versehen sind. Lightweight steel according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the strips produced from it are provided with a chemical, electrochemical, organic non-metallic or metallic coating. Leichtbaustahl nach Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bandoberfläche mit Aluminium angereichert und/oder beschichtet ist.    Lightweight steel according to claim 5,
    characterized in that the strip surface is enriched with aluminum and / or coated.         Verwendung eines Leichtbaustahls nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, als Werkstoff für Fahrzeugteile oder Fassadenverkleidungen.Use of a lightweight steel according to one of the Claims 1 to 6, as a material for vehicle parts or Facade cladding.
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