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EP0812901B1 - Utilisation d'huiles de transmissions - Google Patents

Utilisation d'huiles de transmissions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0812901B1
EP0812901B1 EP97304078A EP97304078A EP0812901B1 EP 0812901 B1 EP0812901 B1 EP 0812901B1 EP 97304078 A EP97304078 A EP 97304078A EP 97304078 A EP97304078 A EP 97304078A EP 0812901 B1 EP0812901 B1 EP 0812901B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
gear
use according
lubricant
oils
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97304078A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0812901A3 (fr
EP0812901A2 (fr
Inventor
Ian Macpherson
Lee D. Saatthoff
Marsha J. Lester
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ethyl Corp
Original Assignee
Ethyl Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0812901A2 publication Critical patent/EP0812901A2/fr
Publication of EP0812901A3 publication Critical patent/EP0812901A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0812901B1 publication Critical patent/EP0812901B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
    • C10M2227/062—Cyclic esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/063—Complexes of boron halides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/065—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Ti or Zr
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/066—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Mo or W
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the use of lubricant in transmission and axle applications. More particularly, this invention relates to the use of lubricant in transmission and axle applications to impart a good cleanliness performance.
  • gear oils Although a substantial number of gear oils have been produced having various needed properties where such gear oils are used, there exists a need for an additive or a combination of additives to provide an improved clean performing gear oil that can be used, e.g., in transmission oils and axle lubricants to reduce the deposits (i.e., buildup of sludge and other unwanted materials on metal surfaces).
  • This invention provides the use of a lubricant in transmission and axle applications to impart improved cleanliness performance wherein the lubricant is a gear oil which has a Brookfield Viscosity at -12°C in the range from 1,000 to 150,000 cP, and comprises:
  • the invention provides, inter alia, use of lubricants and lubricant additive packages that can provide prolonged effective service life, such as extended drain and at least in some cases, operation for at least 100,000 miles without replacement of the gear box and/or axle lubricant.
  • use of compositions is provided in transmission for heavy duty service, or in axle applications for all types of service including heavy duty service.
  • this invention makes it possible to provide so-called “total driveline" lubricants whereby the same lubricant composition can be used for operation of both the transmission and the axle or differential gearing system.
  • the invention enables the achievement of the foregoing advantages with lubricants which are free of metal-containing additive components in that the lubricants may contain as the only metal-containing additive component(s) thereof, a friction-modifying amount of one or more alkali or alkaline earth metal-containing additive components wherein the total concentration of such metal(s) in the finished gear oil is kept very low. That is, the total concentration of such metal(s) in the finished oil is at a maximum amount of about 25 ppm.
  • the present invention is directed to providing use of a clean performing lubricant as an automotive transmission gear oil and axle lubricant.
  • clean performing gear oil as used herein is meant those oils when tested in the L-60-1 Test described below, results in relatively clean gears at the end of the test.
  • the finished gear oil is generally composed of (a) a base oil or mixture of base oils; (b) a combination of a pour point depressant and a dispersant Viscosity Index improver, and (c) a performance additive.
  • the finished gear oils or other lubricants used have different primary viscosity grades which are indicated by the temperatures at which their Brookfield Viscosities are measured. That is, the Brookfield Viscosities of the finished gear oils as measured at (-12°C), (-26°C) and (-40°C) have grades of "SAE 75W to 85W". At all grades, the Brookfield Viscosity ranges from about 1,000 to about 150,000 cP. And, the gear oil contains from about 88.0 to about 96.0 wt % of the base oil.
  • the base oils used in this invention may be formed from natural (e.g., mineral or vegetable oils) or synthetic base oils, or blends thereof.
  • the base oils should be primarily of the petroleum mineral oil type.
  • Suitable mineral oils include those of appropriate viscosity refined from crude oil of any source. Standard refinery operations may be used in processing the mineral oil.
  • general types of petroleum oils useful in the compositions of this invention are bright stocks, residual oils, hydrocracked base stocks, and solvent extracted naphthenic oils. Such oils and blends of them are produced by a number of conventional techniques which are widely known by those skilled in the art.
  • suitable synthetic oils are homo- and interpolymers of C 2 -C 12 olefins, carboxylic acid esters of both monoalcohols and polyols, polyethers, silicones, polyglycols, silicates, alkylated aromatics, carbonates, thiocarbonates, orthoformates, phosphates and phosphites, borates, and halogenated hydrocarbons.
  • oils are homo- and interpolymers of C 2 -C 12 monoolefinic hydrocarbons, alkylated benzenes (e.g., dodecyl benzenes, didodecycl benzenes, tetradecyl benzenes, dinonyl benzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)benzenes, wax-alkylated naphthalenes); and polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls).
  • alkylated benzenes e.g., dodecyl benzenes, didodecycl benzenes, tetradecyl benzenes, dinonyl benzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)benzenes, wax-alkylated naphthalenes
  • polyphenyls e.g., biphenyls, ter
  • Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers and derivatives thereof where the terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by esterification, etherification, etc. constitute a class of synthetic oils useful herein. These are exemplified by the oils prepared through polymerization of alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, and the alkyl and aryl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methyl polyisopropylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of 1,000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 500-1,000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1,000-1,500 or mono- and poly-carboxylic esters thereof, for example, the acetic acid ester, mixed C 3 -C 5 fatty acid esters, or the C 13 Oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol.
  • alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide
  • esters of dicarboxylic acids e.g., phthalic acid, linoleic acid dimer
  • alcohols such as but not limited to butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, and dodecyl alcohol.
  • esters of dicarboxylic acids include dibutyl adipate, didodecyl adipate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, and the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of sebacate acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid
  • esters which may be used include those made from C 3 -C 18 monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol. Trimethylol propane tripelargonate, pentaerythritol tetracaproate, and the polyesters derived from a C 4 -C 14 dicarboxylic acid and one or more aliphatic dihydric C 3 -C 12 alcohols such as derived from azelaic acid or sebacic acid and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediol serve as examples.
  • Silicon-based oils such as the polyalkyl-,polyaryl-,polyalkoxy-, or polyaryloxy-siloxane oils and silicate oils comprise another class of synthetic lubricants, e.g., tetraethyl silicate, tetraisopropyl silicate, and poly(methylphenyl)siloxanes.
  • base oils or as components of base oils are hydrogenated or unhydrogenated liquid oligomers of C 6 -C 16 ⁇ -olefins, such as hydrogenated or unhydrogenated oligomers formed from 1-decene.
  • Typical vegetable oils that may be used as base oils or as components of the base oils include castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, corn oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, and the like. Such oils may be partially or fully hydrogenated, if desired.
  • the base oil used should have a viscosity that meets at least the viscometric requirements and a flash point temperature such that it will not contribute to the breakdown of the performance of the finished gear oil used in transmission or axle lubricants.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the present base oil at 100°C ranges from about 4.0 to about 41.0 cSt and the Viscosity Index ranges from about 60 to about 140, preferably from 75 to 120.
  • the flash point temperature of the base oil should range from 93 to 371°C (200° to 700°F), preferably from 149 to 299°C (300° to 600°F).
  • the pour point depressant may be any oil soluble PPD material, e.g., as a poly(alkylmethacrylate). And, accordingly, the PPD should lower the 'pour point' of the finished gear oil.
  • Poly(alkylmethacrylate) pour point depressants comprising higher alkyl esters, e.g., those including 12 or more carbon atoms per alkyl group, are known.
  • Pennewiss et al. disclose a poly(alkyl methacrylate) pour point depressant wherein from 10 to 30, preferably 10 to 20, mole percent methyl methacrylate is copolymerized with alkyl methacrylate monomers having relatively long, i.e., C 16 and higher, alkyl groups to form a pour point depressant additive. Pennewiss et al.
  • a satisfactory PPD used in to the present invention is Acryloid 3004 (manufactured by Rohm & Haas of Philadelphia, PA) which is a polymethacrylate.
  • the amount of PPD used in the finished gear oil is generally 0.5 to 2.0 wt %.
  • Acryloid 3004 has been found to be effective, other PPD s may be used according to the present invention.
  • other PPD s include those identified below by commercial name/code and (manufacturer; location):
  • the DVII is generally a polymer or a copolymer having both Viscosity Index improving and dispersancy properties. This-is shown in the results of the L-60-1 oxidation performance test (described below) where the dispersancy as indicated by the numbers of both the carbon/varnish and sludge ratings.
  • the dispersant Viscosity Index improver should also be oil soluble and enhance both the viscosity index and the dispersancy of the finished lubricant, e.g., gear oil.
  • the DVII may also improve the pour point depressant properties of-the finished gear oil.
  • a preferred DVII which has been found to be effective in providing a clean gear oil that is useful in transmission oils and axle lubricants is Acryloid 954.
  • the gear oil cleanliness performance may be improved by incorporating therein a DVII.
  • the level of DVII used is such that the finished gear oil has sufficient dispersancy to meet the requirements of the L-60-1 test (described below) which is a part of the API MT-1 gear oil specification.
  • the gear oil comprises from about 0.1 to about 3.0 wt %, preferably from 0.5 to 2.0 wt % of the combination of the PPD and DVII.
  • the combination of a PPD and a DVII should be at a maximum amount of about 3.0 wt %, or preferably, about 2.0 wt%.
  • DVII's that may be used are Dispersant polymethacrylate (DPMA).
  • DPMA Dispersant polymethacrylate
  • the DVII's useful in the present invention may, for example, and not by limitation, be selected from the following products identified by commercial name/code and (manufacturer; location):
  • the gear performance additive is generally an ashless oil-soluble additive that may comprise a borated succinimide dispersant.
  • a gear performance additive that has been found to be effective is HiTEC ® -385 (manufactured and sold by Ethyl Corporation of Richmond, Virginia) which contains the component of boron and a combination of sulfur and phosphorus containing materials which impart enhancing properties to the resulting gear oil.
  • HiTEC ® -385 manufactured and sold by Ethyl Corporation of Richmond, Virginia
  • the gear oil additive useful herein is comprised of one or more components which enhance the performance of the gear oil.
  • gear oil performance additives that may be effective include the following, identified by commercial name/code and (manufacturer; location):
  • the gear performance additive components i.e., oil-soluble sulfur-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agent(s) used may be of low activity.
  • suitable materials include sulfurized olefins, sulfurized unsaturated fatty acids and/or esters, dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, trithiones, sulfurized thienyl derivatives, sulfurized terpenes, sulfurized oligomers of C 2 -C 8 monoolefins, sulfurized Diels-Alder adducts, and, in general, compounds which contain sulfur bound directly to carbon or to more sulfur.
  • Such materials include sulfurized triisobutylene, dicyclohexyl polysulfide, diphenyl polysulfide, dibenzyl polysulfide, dinonyl polysulfide, and mixtures of di-tert-butyl polysulfide such as mixtures of di-tert butyl trisulfide, di-tert-butyl tetrasulfide and di-tert-butyl pentasulfide, among others.
  • Combinations of such categories of sulfur-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agents can also be used, such as a combination of sulfurized isobutylene and di-tert-butyl trisulfide, a combination of sulfurized isobutylene and dinonyl trisulfide, a combination of sulfurized tall oil and dibenzyl polysulfide, and the like.
  • oil-soluble sulfur-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agents and more preferably oil-soluble active sulfur-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agents, that yield less than 25 ppm, and more preferably less than 10 ppm, of vapor space H 2 S when heated in the concentrated state for one week at 65° C.
  • materials of this type which yield no detectable vapor space H 2 S when tested under these conditions.
  • the most preferred oil-soluble metal-free sulfur-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agents are the sulfurized olefins containing at least 30% weight of sulfur, the dihydrocarbyl polysulfides containing at least 25% by weight of sulfur, and mixtures of such sulfurized olefins and polysulfides.
  • sulfurized isobutylenes having a sulfur content of at least 35 % by weight and a chlorine content, if any, of less than 0.2% by weight are the most especially preferred materials.
  • a component which contains both phosphorus and sulfur in its chemical structure is deemed a phosphorus-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agent rather than a sulfur-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agent.
  • One soluble type of oil-soluble metal-free phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agent which can be employed in the practice of this invention is the phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing compositions of the type described in G.B. 1,009,913 ; G.B. 1,009,914 ; U.S. 3,197,405 and/or U.S. 3,197,496 .
  • compositions are formed by forming an acidic intermediate by the reaction of a hydroxy-substituted triester of a phosphorothioic acid with an inorganic phosphorous acid, phosphorous oxide or phosphorous halide, and neutralizing a substantial portion of said acidic intermediate with an amine or hydroxy-substituted amine.
  • the finished gear oil would contain about 500 to 2500 ppm phosphorus, 1000 to 30,000 ppm sulfur, and 50 to 500 ppm boron.
  • the finished gear oils to be used in the lubricants for transmissions and axles may be tested for their effectiveness by a well known oxidation performance test, i.e., L-60-1 as described below.
  • L-60 test predecessor of L-60-1 Test has been used for many years to evaluate the oxidation performance of automotive axle and transmission oils. It is one of the tests present in the API-GL-5 classification for gear oils, and is also used in qualifying gear oils to the U.S. military specification, MILL-2105D.
  • the L-60 test as used may be generally described as to:
  • blends of gear oils have been prepared with all or some of the components, i.e., additives, PPD's and DVII's. These blends of finished gear oils were tested according to the L-60-1 test.
  • Table II describes the results obtained when the four oils described in Table I are tested in the L-60-1 gear oil oxidation test. It can be seen that Gear Oil I contains no dispersant VII, whereas Gear Oil III contains 1.0 % of DVII--Acryloid 954. The results in Table II show that Gear Oil III results in less viscosity rise, pentane insolubles and toluene insolubles compared to Gear Oil I. This indicates that the DVII in Gear Oil III gives rise to better oxidation control compared to that of Gear Oil I. In addition, the gear cleanliness ratings of carbon/varnish and sludge are higher (better) in the case of Gear Oil III than those of Gear Oil I. Improved gear cleanliness as seen in these L-60-1 tests is a very desirable feature for a gear lubricant as explained above.
  • Gear Oil IV contains DVII whereas Gear Oil II does not.
  • the degree of oxidation of the Gear Oil II during the test is indicated by the rise in viscosity, the pentane insolubles, and the toluene insolubles shown in Table II. It can be seen that the Gear Oil IV with the DVII gives superior performance with respect to rise in viscosity, the pentane insolubles and the toluene insolubles as shown in Table II.
  • Gear Oil IV also gives rise to greater gear cleanliness than Gear Oil II as shown by the higher (better) carbon/varnish and sludge ratings.
  • Tables I and II clearly show the advantage of adding DVII to gear oils in the L-60-1 Test and are examples of the present invention.
  • compositions used in this invention preferably may contain at least one oil-soluble trihydrocarbyl-dithiophosphate.
  • This group of optional but preferred compounds is composed of O,O-dihydrocarbyl-S-hydrocarbyl thiothionophosphates (also known as O,O-dihydrocarbyl-S-hydrocarbyl phosphorothiothionates).
  • Exemplary compounds suitable for the compositions used in this invention include such compounds as trioctylphosporothiothionate, tridrecylphosphorothio-thionate, trirlaurylphosphorothiothionate, O,O-diethyl bicyclo(2.2.1)-hepten-2-yl phosphorothiothionate, O,O-diethyl 7,7-dimethyl-bicyclo(2.2.1)-5-hepten-2-ylphosphorothiothionate, the product formed by reaction of dithiophosphoric acid-O,O-dimethyl ester with cis-endomethylene-tetrahydrophthalic acid dimethyl ester, the product formed by reaction of dithiophophoric acid-O,O-dimethyl ester with cis-endomethylene-tetrahydrophthalic acid dibutyl ester.
  • the finished gear oil compositions used in this invention are ashless or low-ash compositions, that is, they contain, if any, at most 2,000 parts by weight of metal introduced as one or more than 500 ppm of metal, and most preferably zero to at most 25 ppm of metal introduced as one or more additive components.
  • the additive concentrates of this invention are preferably proportioned such that if one or more metal-containing components (e.g., zinc dihydrocarbyldithiophosphate and/or metal detergent) are included therein, the additive concentrate when employed in a base oil at the selected or recommended dosage level will yield a finished lubricant having at most 2,000 ppm, preferably at most 500 ppm, and more preferably at most 25 ppm of added metal.
  • the metal content thereof most preferably is confined to one or more alkali metals and/or one or more alkaline earth metals.
  • these particular preferred compositions are zinc-free. Compositions devoid of added metal content are most especially preferred.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Utilisation d'un lubrifiant dans des applications de transmissions et d'essieux pour apporter une meilleure performance de propreté, dans laquelle le lubrifiant est une huile pour engrenages qui possède une viscosité de Brookfield à -12 °C dans la plage de 1 000 à 150 000 cP et comprend :
    a) une huile de base ayant une viscosité cinématique à 100 °C allant de 4,0 à 41,0 cSt et un indice de viscosité allant de 60 à 140 ;
    b) une combinaison de i) un abaisseur du point d'écoulement et ii) un améliorant de l'indice de viscosité du dispersant dans la quantité de 0,1 à 3,0 en poids dans lequel :
    i) l'abaisseur du point d'écoulement comprend un poly(alkylméthacrylate) liposoluble ; et
    ii) l'améliorant de l'indice de viscosité du dispersant comprend un dispersant, le polyméthacrylate liposoluble ; et
    c) un additif pour la performance des engrenages dans la quantité de 3,0 à 10,0 % en poids.
  2. Utilisation selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ledit additif pour la performance des engrenages comprend un dispersant de succinimide boré.
  3. Utilisation selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans laquelle ledit lubrifiant contient de 88,0 à 96,0 % en poids de ladite huile de base.
  4. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ledit lubrifiant contient de 0 à 2 000 ppm de métal introduit en tant qu'un ou plusieurs composant(s) d'additif contenant du métal.
  5. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ledit lubrifiant contient de 0 à 25 ppm de métal introduit en tant qu'un ou plusieurs composant(s) d'additif contenant du métal.
  6. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ledit lubrifiant présente une viscosité de Brookfield à -26 °C allant de 1 000 à 150 000 cP.
  7. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ledit lubrifiant possède une viscosité de Brookfield à -40 °C allant de 1 000 à 150 000 cP.
  8. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ladite huile de base possède une température de point d'inflammation allant de 93 °C à 371 °C (200 ° à 700 °F).
  9. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ladite huile pour engrenages possède une température de point d'inflammation allant de 149 °C à 299 °C (300 ° à 570 °F).
  10. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ladite huile pour engrenages contient environ 500 à 2 500 ppm de phosphore, environ 1 000 à 30 000 ppm de soufre et environ 50 à 500 ppm de bore.
  11. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ledit additif pour la performance des engrenages est un additif liposoluble sans cendre.
EP97304078A 1996-06-12 1997-06-11 Utilisation d'huiles de transmissions Expired - Lifetime EP0812901B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US66239696A 1996-06-12 1996-06-12
US662396 1996-06-12

Publications (3)

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EP0812901A2 EP0812901A2 (fr) 1997-12-17
EP0812901A3 EP0812901A3 (fr) 1998-12-23
EP0812901B1 true EP0812901B1 (fr) 2010-03-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97304078A Expired - Lifetime EP0812901B1 (fr) 1996-06-12 1997-06-11 Utilisation d'huiles de transmissions

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EP (1) EP0812901B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69739815D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5843874A (en) * 1996-06-12 1998-12-01 Ethyl Corporation Clean performing gear oils
GB9807843D0 (en) 1998-04-09 1998-06-10 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Ltd Lubricating compositions
CN111615548A (zh) * 2018-01-04 2020-09-01 路博润公司 含硼汽车齿轮油

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2500472B1 (fr) * 1981-02-20 1986-12-05 Lubrizol Corp Composition d'huile a base d'oligomere synthetique d'olefines et son utilisation dans des transmissions automatiques et a commande manuelle
US4776967A (en) * 1987-02-27 1988-10-11 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Lubricating oil composition
DE4000753A1 (de) * 1990-01-12 1991-07-18 Roehm Gmbh Kraftuebertragungsfluessigkeit auf basis mineraloel
CA2095972A1 (fr) * 1992-05-22 1993-11-23 Rolfe J. Hartley Lubrifiants dotes de prorietes ameliorees a basse temperature

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69739815D1 (de) 2010-05-06
EP0812901A3 (fr) 1998-12-23
EP0812901A2 (fr) 1997-12-17

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